Antimicrobial Effect of Aqueous Banana Peel Extract, Iraq

Abstract

Fruit peels have been a valuable source for maintaining human health. The use of fruit peels extracts for antimicrobial properties can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of banana's peel. The antibacterial effect of aqueous extracts of fresh yellow banana peels against 2 Gram-positive and 4 Gram-negative bacterial and one yeast isolates, including S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, M. catarrhalis and candida albicanis, was carried out by the well-agar diffusion method. The water extract of fresh banana peel showed a various inhibitory effect against various microbial isolates. Highest inhibitory effect against both M. catarrhalis and S. aureus with 30
mm inhibition zone, followed by S. pyogenes, E. aerogenes and K. pneumoniae with no effect against E. coli and candida albicanis. Aqueous extracts of fresh yellow banana peels could be considered as a good antibacterial agent against both Gram positive and negative bacteria to replace the synthetic medicines in treatment of diseases caused by these bacteria.

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Research Gate: Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 (2013) 73-75
* Corresponding author
:Zainab Adil Ghani Chabuck
Research Gate: Pharmaceutical Sciences
www.iresearch.in
Antimicrobial Effect of Aqueous Banana Peel Extract, Iraq
Zainab Adil Ghani Chabuck1*, Alaa H. Al-Charrakh1, Nada Khazal Kadhim Hindi2and Shatha Khazal Kadhim Hindi3
1Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Babylon University, Babylon Province, Iraq
2Basic and Medical science Department, College of Nursing, Babylon University, Babylon province, Iraq
3Al-Qassim Hospital, Babylon Province, Iraq
Introduction
The increasing failure of chemotherapeutics and antibiotic
resistance exhibited by pathogenic microbial infectious
agents has led to the screening of several medicinal plants
for potential antimicrobial activity. They have a long
evolution of resistance against microbial agents, which has
lead to alternative directions in drug development.
Extracts of plants are getting more importance as they
have the great potential sources for microbial and viral
inhibitors. Plant parts used for this purposes are bulb, gel,
leaves, roots, barks, peels etc 1. Different class of plant
family and their respective parts has been used to treat
threat throughout human culture 2.
The reason for extensive use of plants as drugs may be the
fact that plants are available everywhere, wide range of
medicinal plants and their distinct form and thus are
procured without any trouble. Medicinal plants have a
long history of use and their use is widespread in both
developing and under developed countries 1.
Musa is genus from Zingiberales and family Musaceae; it
includes bananas and plantains. There are around 70
species of Musa with a broad variety of uses. The common
was banana scientifically known as Musa sapientum 3.
There are many composition of banana skin like enzymes
such as polyphenoloxidase, pectin as gelling agent and
that the banana peel extract is used alone or combined
with a cream or ointment, medicinal benefits of the extract
include relief of pain, swelling and itching 4, 5. Additionally,
Flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, alkaloids, glycosides
and terpenoids were found to be present in the peels of
genus Musa. These phytochemicals have been reported to
exert multiple biological and pharmacological effects
(antibacterial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic and anti-
inflammatory activities). The presence of these bioactive
substances in banana peels therefore suggests that the
peels possess valuable medicinal potential yet to be
explored. As the bioactive compounds contained in plants
are majorly responsible for their medicinal properties 6.
Moreover, Banana peel contains Vitamin A, Vitamin C,
Gallocatechin, dopamine, Vitamin E, Vitamin B6, â-
sitosterol, malic acid, succinic Acid, palmatic acid,
Magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, fiber, Iron. Fatty
acids present in the Banana peel are responsible for their
antimicrobial activity 7.
Different studies have been done on the various parts of
banana plant in which performed the inhibitory effect
towards the food borne pathogens, hence banana plant
should be considered to be a potential natural source of
antimicrobial as well as antioxidant agent 8.The aim of this
study was to assess the antimicrobial capacity of the
aqueous extracts of fresh banana peels against different
microbial isolates. Banana peel was selected because of its
cheap edible source.
Materials and Methods
Microbial isolates
ARTICL E INFO
ABSTRACT
Keywords:
Babana,
Peel extract,
Antibacterial effect,
Inhibition zone,
Musa sapientum.
Fruit peels have been a valuable source for maintaining human health. The use of fruit peels
extracts for antimicrobial properties can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments. This
study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of banana's peel. The antibacterial effect of
aqueous extracts of fresh yellow banana peels against 2 Gram-positive and 4 Gram-negative
bacterial and one yeast isolates, including S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae,
E. coli, M. catarrhalis and candida albicanis, was carried out by the well-agar diffusion method.
The water extract of fresh banana peel showed a various inhibitory effect against various
microbial isolates. Highest inhibitory effect against both M. catarrhalis and S. aureus with 30
mm inhibition zone, followed by S. pyogenes, E. aerogenes and K. pneumoniae with no effect
against E. coli and candida albicanis. Aqueous extracts of fresh yellow banana peels could be
considered as a good antibacterial agent against both Gram positive and negative bacteria to
replace the synthetic medicines in tratment of diseases caused by these bacteria.
Article History:
Received : 4th June 2013
Accepted : 24th June 2013
Available online :16th July 2013

Chabuck et al. Research Gate: Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 (2013)
74
Different seven clinical microbial isolates 2 Gram positive
(Staphylococcu aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes), 4 Gram
negative (Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
E. coli and Moraxella catarrhalis) and yeast (candida
albicanis) were collected and identified by using
conventional biochemical tests and cultivated in pure
culture, at microbiological laboratory/college of
Medicine/ Babylon university.
Plants collection
Fresh bananas were obtained from the local market at
Hilla City, Iraq, 2013. Bananas were washed in running tap
water in laboratory, surface sterilized with 70% alcohol,
rinsed with sterile distilled water, then peels were taken.
Distilled water was boiled, peels were added to the water
and left to cool. Later on, these contents were mixed by
the blender and filtered to remove the large, UN
homogenized particles to get clear aqueous extract. The
extract was kept at 4°C until to be use.
In vitro antimicrobial activity testing using Agar well
diffusion assay NCCLS 10
Loopfull growths from bacterial isolates were inoculated
into nutrient broth incubated at 37 °C for 18 hours. The
bacterial suspensions were diluted with normal saline.
Adjust the turbidity and compare with standard tube
(McFarland number 0.5) to yield a uniform suspension
containing 1.5×108CFU / ml. Dip cotton swab into
adjustment suspension and streak the entire Mueller-
Hinton agar surface of plates and the plates were left for
one 5-15 minutes at room temperature to dry. Media were
cut into well (5mm diameter) by cork borer and add 0.1ml
of the banana extract. The plates were incubated at 37 °C
for overnight. The size of zone of inhibition was measured
from edge of well to the edge of inhibition of growth.
Results
The antibacterial prosperities of the aqueous extract of
banana peel were initially evaluated by well diffusion
assay against different microbial isolates. The results are
presented in (Figure-1) show that the aqueous extract of
banana peel exhibited a variable antimicrobial effect.
These results showed that this extract give a good
inhibition effect against Gram-positive bacteria including
S. aureus and S.pyogenes with inhibition zone 30 and 18
mm respectively, with no effect against C. albicans.
Figure 1: Inhibition zone (mm) of microbial isolates by
aqueous banana extract
Result showed inhibitory effect against Gram-negative
bacteria with inhibition zone ranging from 10-30 mm,
with high susceptibility of M. catarrhalis followed by E.
aerogenes and K. pneumoniae except E. coli which showed
no susceptibility to banana peel extract.
Discussion
Several works have been done to evaluate the
phytochemical compositions and antimicrobial activities
of different parts of diverse plants, with the aim of using
these plants for the treatment of microbial infection as
possible alternatives to synthetic drugs to which many
infectious microorganisms have developed resistance 11.
Effect of plant constituents can combat human and plant
pathogenic bacteria, fungi and viruses without toxic side
effects and environmental hazards 12.
Lino et al., 13 results indicated that the tannins are present
but the flavanoids are absent in the extract of Musa
sapientum L., Musaceae, epicarp, it is probable that the
antimicrobial activity of the gel prepared from banana
peel is related to tannins and not to flavanoids. In addition,
it has astringent action, with ability to precipitate
proteins, which may affect the bacterial peptidoglycan.
The inhibitory effect of aqueous banana extracts to Gram-
positive bacteria in our study was agreed with different
studies. Ighodaro 11 demonstrated that the aqueous
extract of M. paradisiaca (one of banana types) gave an
antibacterial effect (against Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis) more than
antifungal. Banana skin can be applied directly to burn or
boil for a good healing effect 14.
The consumption of this fruit is great because of their
nutritional value; its shell has been studied for treatment
of gastrointestinal disorders (diarrhea, gastritis and
gastric ulcers) 15 and commonly is used to treat wounds,
especially in nipple fissures that arise during
breastfeeding that mainly caused by Staphylococcus
aureus 16. Additionally, Lino et al.,13 banana peel gel
inhibited the growth of enterobacteria and pyogenic
bacteria. Aldean et al., 17 showed that aqueous extraction
of banana skin exhibited a variable degree of antibacterial
activity against Gram positive and negative bacterial
isolates causing gingivitis including streptococcus species.
Sumathy7studied the antifungal and antimicrobial
properties of yellow banana fruit peel and found that it is
effective against different Gram positive and negative
bacteria. As well as it can be of great significance in
therapeutic treatments. Thus, more studies can be taken
up in the future pertaining to the use of plant extracts as
therapeutic agents especially those related to the control
of antibiotic resistant microbes.
High susceptibility of K. pneumoniae,E. aerogenes and
resistance of E. coli to banana peel extract were agreed
with the results of Fapohunda et al., 18 and Bankar et al., 19
respectively. Some workers said that banana should be
considered to be a good source of natural antioxidant and
antibacterial and these criteria can be used to produce
natural dyes extracted from banana peel to color cotton
fabrics and protect them from bacterial effects 20 . In
addition to that banana peel extract not only inhibit the
non-spore forming bacteria but also certain studies

Chabuck et al. Research Gate: Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1 (2013)
75
conclude that unidentified substance extracted from
banana skin has been shown to inhibit Closteridiam
sporangium and other gram negative spore forming
bacteria by using plate biological assay, the unknown
substance demonstrate inhibitory effects at pH values as
high as 7.5 17.
Conclusion
Aqueous extracts of fresh yellow banana peels could be
considered as a good antibacterial agent against both
Gram positive and negative bacteria to replace the
synthetic medicines in treatment of diseases caused by
these bacteria.
Acknowledgements
We are extremely thankful to the College of Medicine,
Babylon University for providing all the needed facilities,
which are essential for successful completion of the
present work.
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