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Climatic influence on a marine fish assemblage
... The NAOI, which is a measure of the sea level pressure gradient between Iceland and Gibraltar (Jones et al., 1997), has also been implicated in changes in the composition and abundance of fishes in the Thames Estuary, UK (Attrill and Power, 2002) and in Narragansett Bay, USA (Collie et al., 2008). As this oscillation has its strongest influence in winter, exploration of its relationship with biotic variables has sometimes focused on the winter values for its index (Osborn, 2011;Hughes et al., 2017). ...
... Hinkley Point in the inner Bristol Channel and NAOI contrasts with the positive relationship found by Attrill and Power (2002) to exist between the abundance of the juveniles of marine fish species in the Thames Estuary and this index (Attrill and Power, 2002). As negative and positive NAOs result in colder and warmer SSTs than average, respectively, the NAO influences the extent of the differential between marine and estuarine water temperatures. ...
... Hinkley Point in the inner Bristol Channel and NAOI contrasts with the positive relationship found by Attrill and Power (2002) to exist between the abundance of the juveniles of marine fish species in the Thames Estuary and this index (Attrill and Power, 2002). As negative and positive NAOs result in colder and warmer SSTs than average, respectively, the NAO influences the extent of the differential between marine and estuarine water temperatures. ...
A 26 year time series of monthly samples from the water intake of a power station has been used to analyse the abundance, number of species and composition of the mysid and caridean decapod fauna in the inner Bristol Channel. During this period, annual water temperatures, salinities and the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) in winter did not linearly increase or decline significantly, whereas annual NAOI did decline. Mean monthly values for number of species (S) and total abundance (N) both increased over the 26 years, but these changes were not correlated with any of the above physico-chemical/climatic factors. As previous studies demonstrated that the concentrations of nutrients and metals in the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel (into which that estuary discharges) declined during a similar period, it is proposed that the above changes are due to an improvement in water quality. The fauna was dominated by the mysids Mesodopsis slabberi and Schistomysis spiritus, which collectively contributed 94% to total abundance. Both species, which were represented by juveniles, males, non-brooding females and brooding females, underwent statistically-indistinguishable patterns of change in abundance over the 26 years. When analysis was based on the abundances of the various species, the overall species composition differed significantly among years and changed serially with year. When abundances were converted to percentage compositions, this pattern of seriation broke down, demonstrating that changes in abundance and not percentage composition were responsible for the seriation. As with the number and abundance of species, changes in composition over the 26 years were not related to any of the physico-chemical/climatic factors tested. Species composition changed monthly in a pronounced cyclical manner throughout the year, due to statistically different time-staggered changes in the abundance of each species. This cyclicity was related most strongly to salinity.
... In this perspective, climate change is influencing climate patterns at several spatial scales. For instance, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), which is considered the principal large-scale factor concerning changes in meteorological conditions in Europe and North America, is known to influence the life cycle of several fishes, mainly during their estuarine residency (Attrill and Power, 2002;Stenseth et al., 2002;Nyitrai et al., 2013), but also during the entire life cycle (Dippner, 1997;Ottersen et al., 2001). At a local scale, the interaction between precipitation and river flow is an important factor influencing larval immigration into estuaries (Martinho et al., 2009;Baptista et al., 2010). ...
... However, this might not be the case of northern populations, where increments in SST due to global climate change have been prompting increases in population size and impelling a shift towards higher latitudes, such as in the Wadden Sea (Cardoso et al., 2014), west coast of Norway (Brander et al., 2003) and the Baltic Sea (Bagdonas et al., 2011). At higher latitudes, the temperature differential between estuarine and marine waters, boosted by the NAO influence on climate, is the basis of facultative exploitation of optimal thermal habitats by fish species (Attrill and Power, 2002). According to theTable 4Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r s ) values between the cumulative sums of 0-group densities (N ind 1000 m À2 ), secondary production (g WW m À2 year À1 ) and day of annual abundance peak, including the respective one year lag data, and the environmental parameters: NAOIw e NAO winter index, NAOI e NAO index, SST e sea surface temperature ( C), SSTw esea surface temperature winter ( C), Runoff e river runoff (dam 3 ), Salinity e average estuarine salinity, and Temperature e average estuarine water temperature ( C). Salinity and temperature data were obtained between June and December for each year. ...
... Precipitation, for instance, is expected to decrease in the Portuguese territory in the future, thus decreasing river drainage and the respective plumes that are essential for sea bass larvae estuarine colonization (Zhang et al., 1997;Martinho et al., 2009), as well as for other commercially important estuarinedependent species (e.g.Martinho et al., 2010;Nyitrai et al., 2012;Pasquaud et al., 2012). Although some studies have identified a direct influence of the NAO on marine fishes that use estuaries as nursery grounds (e.g.Attrill and Power, 2002;Stenseth et al., 2002), our study suggests that, at lower latitudes, the influence of the NAO might be a less direct one, considering its effects on temperature, winter severity and wind/oceanic circulation (Hurrell, 1995;Rodwell et al., 1999;Trigo et al., 2002), and whose responses by fish are generally non-linear and complex, mediated also by both density-dependent and density-independent mechanisms (Dippner, 1997;van der Veer et al., 2000;Ottersen et al., 2001). In addition, climate indices such as the NAO may only clarify a fraction of variability in local-climate patterns, among other drawbacks concerning ecologyeclimate interfaces (seeStenseth et al., 2003). ...
Estuarine systems support the life cycle stages of commercially important marine fish and are influenced by large and local-scale climatic patterns. In this study, performed in the Mondego estuary, Portugal, we used an 11-year database (2003–2013) for analyzing the variability in the population of a marine juvenile migrant fish, the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, regarding changes in abundance, population structure, growth rates, secondary production and annual day of peak abundance. Higher densities and production occurred in 2003, but no differences in 0-group growth could be observed. In order to detect change points in both biological and climatic data, the cumulative sum (CUSUM) of the deviations from the mean for the 2003–2013 period were determined for each parameter. The relationship between large and local-scale drivers and 0-group biological attributes were evaluated using a Spearman rank correlation analysis of CUSUM of biological and environmental data, considering the correspondent yearly values and with a time-lag of 1 year. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, sea surface temperature (SST) and their respective winter values were tested as large-scale factors, while river runoff, salinity and estuarine water temperature were considered as local climate patterns. The significant factors explaining D. labrax 0-group abundance and production were salinity and the NAO, the latter being also a significant predictor considering the 1-year lag. The NAO with 1-year lag was also positively correlated with the day of peak abundance. The early stages of European sea bass were demonstrated to have a climate-dependent life cycle, controlled by variations in both large-scale climatic patterns and local features. In southern European marine populations, the effects of the NAO seem less direct, and dependent on the magnitude of its expressions and on the time scale considered.
... Similar changes in the species composition of fauna in marine and estuarine environments have been reported in the Northern Hemisphere. Attrill & Power (2002) found climatic variability to have a principal controlling influence on the fish community structure and abundance of many marine species found in the Thames Estuary. In the Thames, the increase in species diversity during warm winter years was attributed to the increase in the number of warm water species, which normally do not penetrate this cool-temperate estuary (Attrill & Power 2002). ...
... Attrill & Power (2002) found climatic variability to have a principal controlling influence on the fish community structure and abundance of many marine species found in the Thames Estuary. In the Thames, the increase in species diversity during warm winter years was attributed to the increase in the number of warm water species, which normally do not penetrate this cool-temperate estuary (Attrill & Power 2002). An ecosystem response consistent with the increasing Northern Hemisphere temperatures was observed in terrestrial ecosystems, suggesting that common atmospheric processes have influenced both the marine (including estuaries) and terrestrial faunal communities. ...
... Therefore, the changes in fish community structure in the Mngazana Estuary and faunal structures of other systems in the Northern Hemisphere may reflect an ecosystem shift towards a warmer global dynamic equilibrium, an ecological modification expected under climatic warming. Climatic conditions such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) have been used to explain the variation in composition of juvenile marine fish during their estuarine residency period, primarily due to temperature differences between the marine environment and the estuary (Attrill & Power 2002). Higher fish species diversity has been reported during high NAO (warm winter) events, thus allowing more species with a preference for warm waters to enter the estuarine environments. ...
... Less is known about climate-driven fluctuations of fish communities in estuaries, where rivers and oceans meet. Do communities in these transitional ecosystems respond primarily to processes of ocean–atmosphere coupling that propagate into estuaries from the sea (e.g. Attrill & Power, 2002 ), or primarily to atmospheric processes over land that propagate into estuaries through their tributary rivers (e.g. Kimmerer, 2002)? ...
... Our results demonstrate that fish guilds along an estuarine salinity gradient respond to features of climate variability , specifically processes of ocean–atmosphere coupling that propagate into estuaries from the sea, and atmospheric processes over land that propagate into estuaries through their tributary rivers. For the SFE, these results provide a unified framework for understanding seminal studies that demonstrated connections between single climate features and component parts of estuarine biota (Jassby et al., 1995; Attrill & Power, 2002; Cloern et al., 2010). Our results show there is no single canonical response of estuarine-dependent fishes to climate variability, reflecting the complex patterns of biological variability in estuaries subjected to multiple global-and local-scale forcings. ...
... Climate variability affects fish populations on all levels of organization from individuals to assemblages (Rijnsdorp et al., 2009). Understanding how communities and species respond to climate variability is challenging and requires longterm data spanning a range of conditions to elucidate functional relationships (Attrill & Power, 2002; Cloern et al., 2007; Cloern et al., 2010; Cloern & Jassby, 2012). Our results examining three decades of data demonstrating connections between fish species and climatic drivers along the salinity gradient of San Francisco Estuary (Table 1) can be used to infer the potential effects of future climate change on fishes in San Francisco Estuary. ...
Estuaries are dynamic environments at the land–sea interface that are strongly affected by interannual climate variability. Ocean–atmosphere processes propagate into estuaries from the sea, and atmospheric processes over land propagate into estuaries from watersheds. We examined the effects of these two separate climate-driven processes on pelagic and demersal fish community structure along the salinity gradient in the San Francisco Estuary, California, USA. A 33-year data set (1980–2012) on pelagic and demersal fishes spanning the freshwater to marine regions of the estuary suggested the existence of five estuarine salinity fish guilds: limnetic (salinity = 0–1), oligohaline (salin-ity = 1–12), mesohaline (salinity = 6–19), polyhaline (salinity = 19–28), and euhaline (salinity = 29–32). Climatic effects propagating from the adjacent Pacific Ocean, indexed by the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), affected demersal and pelagic fish community structure in the euhaline and polyhaline guilds. Climatic effects propagating over land, indexed as freshwater outflow from the watershed (OUT), affected demersal and pelagic fish community structure in the oligohaline, mesohaline, polyhaline, and euhaline guilds. The effects of OUT propagated further down the estuary salinity gradient than the effects of NPGO that propagated up the estuary salinity gradient, exemplifying the role of variable freshwater outflow as an important driver of biotic communities in river-dominated estuaries. These results illustrate how unique sources of climate variability interact to drive biotic communities and, therefore, that climate change is likely to be an important driver in shaping the future trajectory of biotic communities in estuaries and other transitional habitats.
... Estuaries are a dynamic and integral part of the worlds' oceans-being highly productive nurseries for fish, they connect freshwater sources to the ocean (Attrill and Power, 2002;Houde and Rutherford, 1993). Coastal ecosystems provide essential ecosystem services to humans including; habitats for fish, high levels of production, and recreation. ...
... Two dominant forces that drive regional and basin decadal changes in sea-surface temperature are the Atlantic Meridional Oscillation (AMO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). These climate indices have been shown to correlate with regional changes in SST (Collie et al., 2008;Nye et al., 2009) and shifts in species assemblages and growth (Attrill and Power, 2002), and a variety of other climatedriven processes (Ottersen et al., 2001). Our yearly averaged SST anomalies showed weak but significant correlations to the AMO, indicating that local processes are, in part, influenced by large scale climatological forcing. ...
Project Oceanology, a non-profit oceanographic educational organization has been collecting data including pH, oxygen, and temperature conditions as well as abundances of benthic invertebrates and near-shore fish catches since 1972 from Eastern Long Island Sound. These data had been stored solely on single-copy paper sheets and were therefore inaccessible to analysis. I digitized more than 100,000 abiotic measurements and 50,000 species abundance and size data collected over the past 45 years, and developed a web-based SQL database housed on the Long Island Sound Integrated Coastal Observing System (LISICOS) server. The database will ultimately become a searchable, downloadable, user-friendly web-based tool to aid students, researchers, and educators. Here, I examined this long-term dataset for evidence of acidification and warming in North-Eastern Long Island Sound. Furthermore, I explored decadal shifts in species abundance, diversity, and richness in relation to shifts in abiotic parameters and large-scale climate indices (e.g. AMO). I applied wavelets analysis and principal components analysis (PCA), as well as linear regression and other simpler statistical metrics. Eastern Long Island Sound has been warming (0.45 ± 0.281°C · decade-1) significantly faster than the global ocean, acidifying at a rate twice as fast as the global average (-0.04 ± 0.044 · decade-1), and whole water-column dissolved oxygen concentrations are decreasing (-0.29 ± 0.233 mg/L · decade-1). Concomitantly, there has been no change in the abundance of warm-water adapted species, a significant decline in species richness, significant declines in lobsters, winter flounder, and significant increases in spider crab abundance. These data clearly show both the sensitivity of estuaries to climate change and the utility of a citizen-science collected data set when studying decadal variation.
... Such environmental factors have been recognized as key issues in the estuarine colonization and settlement processes of both marine fish and invertebrate larvae and juveniles (e.g. [58,59]). Co-inertia and generalised linear model analyses identified, among the measured environmental variables, winter NAO index, water temperature, salinity suspended particular matter, and chlorophyll-a as the major environmental factors to explain these changes. ...
... This species may have probably found optimal conditions for its development when water temperature decreases. [59] illustrated a situation in which climatic oscillations exerted effects on fish assemblages by affecting the suitability of estuarine nursery grounds for marine fish. They found an increase in diversity during high NAO winters, which is partly explained by the increase in the number of rare species. ...
Abstract
The inter-annual variability of the fish and macrocrustacean spring community on an intertidal sandy beach near the Canche estuary (North of France) was studied from 2000 to 2013 based on weekly spring sampling over an 11-year period. Twenty-eight species representing 21 families were collected during the course of the study. The community was dominated by a few abundant species accounting for > 99% of the total species densities. Most individuals caught were young-of-the-year indicating the importance of this ecosystem for juvenile fishes and macrocrustaceans. Although standard qualitative community ecology metrics (species composition, richness, diversity, evenness and similarity) indicated notable stability over the study period, community structure showed a clear change since 2009. Densities of P. platessa, P. microps and A. tobianus decreased significantly since 2009, whereas over the period 2010-2013, the contribution of S. sprattus to total species density increased 4-fold. Co-inertia and generalised linear model analyses identified winter NAO index, water temperature, salinity and suspended particular matter as the major environmental factors explaining these changes. Although the recurrent and dense spring blooms of the Prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis globosa is one of the main potential threats in shallow waters of the eastern English Channel, no negative impact of its temporal change was detected on the fish and macrocrustacean spring community structure.
... Decreases in salinity and temperature, increases in turbidity caused by rain affected fish biomass and species richness (Lugendo et al., 2007). Temperature conditions in the Thames River (UK) had a direct effect on the structure of fish communities, especially juvenile stages, which use the estuary as nursery (Attrill and Power, 2002). ...
This study was conducted in the fishing community of the Cabedelo municipality (NE Brazil, Paraíba) and characterized the socioeconomic profile of the fishers, their local ecological knowledge and their main usage of fish species. Overall, 80 fishers were interviewed. Snowball, direct observation, guided tours, free interviews and structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection, which occurred from December 2010 to June 2011 in fortnightly visits to the city of Cabedelo. Most fishers ranged from 36 to 45 years, with low education and low income levels, and approximately 87% fished in the municipality. At least 33 fish species were recorded as important for family consumption and trade. The most commonly caught fish families were Carangidae, Mugilidae, Lutjanidae and Scombridae. The fishes most used for commerce were Lutjanidae, Scombridae, and Serranidae. Fishers demonstrated a high knowledge about the temporal distribution of fishes and categorized them as “fishes of summer” “fishes of winter” and “fishes around all year”; fishes’ vertical distributions were categorized as either “bottom fish” or “water flower”. Fishers also classified eating habits, some types of behavior and reproduction of most exploited species. Fishermen's understanding of the fish stocks distribution and fish ecology is potentially imperative for scientific knowledge and future shared management plans.
... Se considera que los procesos de reclutamiento pueden ser fuertemente influenciados por variables climáticas e hidrográficas (Attrill & Power, 2002). ...
La langosta común del Caribe, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804), soporta una de las pesquerías más importantes de Cuba y el Caribe. Se han reportado reducciones en el reclutamiento de la especie. Este es un proceso complejo, conducido por la variabilidad tanto biológica como física del ambiente. Los ciclones tropicales pueden afectar este proceso al incidir tanto sobre los hábitats oceánicos como sobre los de plataforma. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar la influencia de los ciclones tropicales, teniendo en cuenta su intensidad, frecuencia y persistencia, sobre el éxito del reclutamiento de la langosta a corto y mediano plazo en el golfo de Batabanó, Cuba. Para ello se calcularon índices de abundancia de puérulos y preadultos. Mediante un análisis secuencial de poblaciones se estimó el número de langostas con 1 año de edad en la población (N1) y el éxito del reclutamiento. Además, se calculó el índice de disipación de energía de los ciclones tropicales (PDI). Los índices se relacionaron mediante correlaciones cruzadas, y se comparó el ajuste de la relación stock-reclutamiento con y sin el PDI, mediante el Criterio de Información de Akaike de segundo orden y la ponderación de Akaike. El proceso de reclutamiento tiene una alta variabilidad interanual con tendencia a la disminución. Los puérulos y N1 están relacionados significativamente sin desfase, mientras que N1 está relacionado significativamente con los preadultos con 2-3 años de desfase. El PDI tiene tendencia al incremento. Las correlaciones entre los diferentes índices de reclutamiento y el PDI fueron débiles, pero estuvieron marcadas por dos consecuencias opuestas sobre estos índices. Los ciclones pueden favorecer el proceso de reclutamiento, facilitando la entrada de puérulos a la plataforma con un mes de desfase. A su vez, afectan la supervivencia de la langosta en los procesos post-asentamientos. Dicha supervivencia está marcada por un efecto negativo sobre las langostas de un año de edad y la abundancia de preadultos. A pesar de que los modelos de stock-reclutamiento estiman un 58-59 % de la variación en el reclutamiento, ninguno de los modelos evaluados recibió suficiente apoyo según las ponderaciones de Akaike. Por lo que se concluye que el ajuste del modelo clásico de Ricker para describir la relación stock-reclutamiento no mejora significativamente al incluir el índice de disipación de energía de los ciclones tropicales como factor externo que afecta el reclutamiento.
... Furthermore, Galician kelp fishes have greatly reduced their abundances in recent decades . Habitat degradation and destruction (Pita et al., 2008;Doldán-Garcia et al., 2011), combined with extensive pollution (Beiras et al., 2003;Franco et al., 2006;Bellas et al., 2008) may have played their part in a scenario where climate change is an added challenge (O'Brien et al., 2000;Attrill & Power, 2002;Baudron et al., 2014;Montero-Serra et al., 2015). Moreover, a powerful fishing sector is operating in Galicia (Villasante, 2012), where kelp forest fishes has been traditionally targeted by both artisanal (Freire & García-Allut, 2000) and recreational fisheries, which include spear fishing and rod and line fishing (Pita & Freire, 2016). ...
Although necessary for sustainable management of coastal ecosystems the understanding of trophic ecology of kelp fishes remains largely limited in the NE Atlantic. In this paper, stable isotope ratios of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), complementarily with analyses of stomach contents, were used to investigate the trophic ecology of an Atlantic kelp forest fish assemblage targeted by spear fishers in Galicia (NW Spain). Trophic habits of the fishes were consistent across the species ranges and six trophic niches were identified. Chelon labrosus was the only pelagic omnivore, while Conger conger and Dicentrarchus labrax were the principal predators, preying on benthic osteichthyes. The intermediate carnivorous Diplodus sargus mainly preyed on benthic molluscs, while Labrus bergylta exploited a wider range of prey. Although associated with different trophic niches, the two morphotypes of L. bergylta showed some degree of diet overlap, providing little support to the hypothesis of their separate management. Moreover, L. bergylta can be a keystone species whose adequate management has relevant implications for the sustainable use of the European kelp forest ecosystems.
... The study of the relationships between environmental parameters and life-history characteristics of fish species has been the focus of several studies concerning marine (e.g. Attrill & Power 2002), transitional (e.g. Araújo & Monteiro 2013) or inland ecosystems (e.g. ...
We have tested the hypothesis that populations of roach, Rutilus rutilus (L., 1758), inhabiting temperate natural lakes differing in their morphological and limnological features exhibit environmentally-related variations in their life-history characteristics. Overall, a total of 1127 roach specimens were used for ageing and growth analysis. Growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy function were calculated for both the mean observed and the back-calculated lengths-at-age estimates. The estimated lifespan differed among lakes ranging from eight to eleven years. The growth index (??) was higher in the population from the deepest and less eutrophic lake (2.28) as compared to those from the shallower and more eutrophic lakes, while natural mortality (M) exhibited the inverse pattern. Generally, all studied life-history characteristics varied among lakes with lakes’ morphometry and trophic state being the main environmental variables imposing such variation. Our results suggest that much of the observed variations among roach populations represent adaptations to local environmental conditions and pressures.
... Previous studies on phenological changes in temperate coastal and estuarine ecosystems have mostly focused on monospecific changes, and species from low trophic levels, such as primary producers[65]or zooplankton[66]. Attrill and Power[67]and Sims[68]however studied climate change impacts on estuarine nursery functions in terms of species growth and spawning time, but trophic implications of those impacts were not explicitly addressed. Relationships between juvenile fish and zooplankton in estuarine food webs are of essential ecological interest, since estuaries are major nursery areas for many marine fishes[27,69,70]. ...
Alterations of species phenology in response to climate change are now unquestionable. Until now, most studies have reported precocious occurrence of life cycle events as a major phenological response. Desynchronizations of biotic interactions, in particular predator-prey relationships, are however assumed to strongly impact ecosystems’ functioning, as formalized by the Match-Mismatch Hypothesis (MMH). Temporal synchronicity between juvenile fish and zooplankton in estuaries is therefore of essential interest since estuaries are major nursery grounds for many commercial fish species. The Gironde estuary (SW France) has suffered significant alterations over the last three decades, including two Abrupt Ecosystem Shifts (AES), and three contrasted intershift periods. The main objective of this study was to depict modifications in fish and zooplankton phenology among inter-shift periods and discuss the potential effects of the resulting mismatches at a community scale. A flexible Bayesian method was used to estimate and compare yearly patterns of species abundance in the estuary among the three pre-defined periods. Results highlighted (1) an earlier peak of zooplankton production and entrance of fish species in the estuary and (2) a decrease in residence time of both groups in the estuary. Such species-specific phenological changes led to changes in temporal overlap between juvenile fish and their zooplanktonic prey. This situation questions the efficiency and potentially the viability of nursery function of the Gironde estuary, with potential implications for coastal marine fisheries of the Bay of Biscay.
... For the Seine estuary, Fritier et al. (2012) revealed a correlation between precipitation and NAOI at variability scales of about 18 years and at an intermediate scale of about 6 years, suggesting a large-scale origin for both regional and local climate variability. Similarly, Attrill and Power (2002) for the Thames estuary, suggest that estuaries are important ecological buffers for species in years of low North Atlantic Oscillation Index. ...
NC is affected by an increase of salinity (marine influence) and input of sand. The suprabenthos changes are mainly characterised by an increase in species richness in the upper part of the NC and a decrease in species density and biomass of the dominant mysid species over time. Multiple stressors (natural and anthropogenic) have been operating simultaneously (hydrological changes, construction of Port 2000, supplementary dredging) rendering the interpretation of the biological changes difficult. Thus, the present results evidenced a combination of changes in the Seine Estuary not only attributed to the impact of the Port 2000 construction.
... In the past two decades, a growing number of studies have shown that the NAO influences abundance and demographic parameters in several taxa, including birds (e.g., Nevoux, Barbraud, & Barbraud, 2008), mammals (e.g., Post & Stenseth, 1998), amphibians (Salvidio, Oneto, Ottonello, & Pastorino, 2016), and fishes (e.g., Attrill & Power, 2002). In mammals and birds, the NAO has varying effects on survival, sometimes in combination with other environmental factors (e.g., level of food resources, predation) or with internal state variables (e.g., age, sex) (Coulson et al., 2001;Payo-Payo, Genovart, Bertolero, Pradel, & Oro, 2016;Pokallus & Pauli, 2015). ...
Over the last three decades, climate abnormalities have been reported to be involved in biodiversity decline by affecting population dynamics. A growing number of studies have shown that the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) influences the demographic parameters of a wide range of plant and animal taxa in different ways. Life history theory could help to understand these different demographic responses to the NAO. Indeed, theory states that the impact of weather variation on a species' demographic traits should depend on its position along the fast-slow continuum. In particular, it is expected that NAO would have a higher impact on recruitment than on adult survival in slow species while the opposite pattern is expected occur in fast species. To test these predictions, we used long-term capture-recapture datasets (more than 15,000 individuals marked from 1965-2015) on different surveyed populations of three amphibian species in Western Europe: Triturus cristatus, Bombina variegata and Salamandra salamandra. Despite substantial intraspecific variation, our study revealed that these three species differ in their position on a slow-fast gradient of pace of life. Our results also suggest that the differences in life history tactics influences amphibian responses to NAO fluctuations: adult survival was most affected by the NAO in the species with the fastest pace of life (T. cristatus), whereas recruitment was most impacted in species with a slower pace of life (B. variegata and S. salamandra). In the context of climate change, our findings suggest that the capacity of organisms to deal with future changes in NAO values could be closely linked to their position on the fast-slow continuum. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... These changes are likely to have effects upon higher trophic levels such as fish and seabirds by influencing food availability (Österblom et al., 2006) or affecting wind, rainfall and air temperature which may consequently influence seabird populations through survival, e.g. by increasing extreme events occurrence (Aebischer, 1993;Frederiksen et al., 2008b). Variation in SST can affect the marine ecosystem from plankton communities , to mid-trophic level fish (Attrill and Power, 2002;Ottersen et al., 2004b), up to apex predators such as seabirds (Durant et al., 2003) via match-mismatch events between predators and prey (Aebischer et al., 1990;Hunt et al., 2002). Both winter and spring SST (WSST, December-March; SSST, March-June) were used as climate predictors. ...
... It can be viewed as a catch-all variable giving a general measure of climatic conditions in terms of rainfall, temperature, wind and sunshine. The NAO has previously been shown to influence variation in assemblage composition and correlates with fish abundance, growth and migration phenology (Attrill and Power, 2002;Sims et al., 2004) it is also known to influence the abundance of plankton (Beaugrand & Reid, 2002) and so may reflect the availability of food. Further, the NAOI is positively correlated with the position of the Gulf Stream North Wall. ...
Sprat, Sprattus sprattus, is the dominant pelagic species in British inshore and estuarine waters. Within the Bristol Channel the population is almost totally composed of fish less than 3 years old with the adults overwintering in Bridgwater Bay. Sprat follow regular seasonal migrations and occasionally form huge aggregations which together generate considerable between sample variability. Using a 36-year monthly time series collected in the Bristol Channel since 1980, together with two periods of intensive daily and weekly sampling, sprat growth is shown to have declined almost linearly over the last 36 years coincident with increasing late summer-autumn seawater temperatures. Longevity has also declined, with age 3+ sprat > 140 mm standard length lost to the population by 1999. Further, adult condition, measured as the average weight of a 103 mm standard length adult, declined rapidly from 13.7 g in 2007 to 9 g in 2011. Despite these changes, which would have reduced age-specific fecundity, a sign-rank test showed abundance of adult sprat has shown no long-term trend and Bulmer’s test indicates density-dependent regulation is operating. While sprat recruitment is shown to be responding to the sunspot cycle, the North Atlantic Oscillation and sea water temperature, the impact of these variables on adult population density is damped because of density-dependent regulation. The result is that sprat respond to environmental change with large changes in their growth and condition, but the adult abundance is constrained and shows no long-term trend. Recruitment was modelled by combining a Ricker curve with terms for the response of sprat to solar activity, the North Atlantic Oscillation and spring temperature. It is shown that the stock-recruitment relationship does not form a simple curve, but is bounded within a region in which the upper and lower constraints are defined by environmental conditions. Within this bounded region the population trajectory under differing environmental regimes can be predicted.
... The observation could be attributed to variable rainfall, rising temperatures and harmful fishing practices. Rising temperatures and rainfall variability may affect production, distribution and population dynamics of small pelagic species (FAO, 2014; Attrill and Power, 2002; Meynecke, et al., 2006). The increase in water temperature has implications on the feeding rates and metabolism of fish and fish diversity (Portner et al., 2001), while increased rainfall have translated into higher catch (Meynecke, et al., 2006). ...
The article looked at the possibility of integrating indigenous knowledge and scientific knowledge in fisheries management under the scenario of climate change and variability in an urban coastal community in Ghana, The objective was to explore fisher folk’s perception of temperature and rainfall variability impact on fish catch. Focus group discussions were used for data collection in Ga Mashie. The results show that the fisher folks, through their experiential knowledge were able to tell that fish from marine artisanal fishing sources was getting depleted and this could be attributed to rising temperatures, rainfall variability and anthropogenic activities. However, information on the use of chemicals in fishing and the use of unprescribed fishing nets may have been acquired from public education. The paper calls for a greater collaboration between the local community, the scientific community and policy makers to develop sustainable adaptation and mitigation strategies that will be beneficial to the community.
... In addition, latitudinal gradients in oceanic temperature and large-scale oceanic circulation also influence marine species and ecosystems. In the Northeast Atlantic the NAO consistently explains variation in the growth of marine fish, their abundances and assemblage compositions (Attrill and Power, 2002), while in the North Sea the NAO has been linked to changes in the biodiversity and carrying capacity of the pelagic ecosystem resulting in an abrupt regime shift (Beaugrand et al., 2008). ...
Anthropogenic climate change is causing unprecedented rapid responses in marine communities, with species across many different taxonomic groups showing faster shifts in biogeographic ranges than in any other ecosystem. Spatial and temporal trends for many marine species are difficult to quantify, however, due to the lack of long-term datasets across complete geographical distributions and the occurrence of small-scale variability from both natural and anthropogenic drivers. Understanding these changes requires a multidisciplinary approach to bring together patterns identified within long-term datasets and the processes driving those patterns using biologically relevant mechanistic information to accurately attribute cause and effect. This must include likely future biological responses, and detection of the underlying mechanisms in order to scale up from the organismal level to determine how communities and ecosystems are likely to respond across a range of future climate change scenarios. Using this multidisciplinary approach will improve the use of robust science to inform the development of fit-for-purpose policy to effectively manage marine environments in this rapidly changing world.
... As size and time are collectively expressed as growth rate, it follows that measurements of fish growth (either directly or indirectly) are a potential index of future survival. The growth–survival paradigm is an implicit mechanism by which temperature regulates marine fish assemblages (Attrill and Power 2002). However, temperature alone has yielded mixed results when used for recruitment prediction in gadids, with improvement in some species and systems (e.g., Bering Sea walleye pollock: Bailey et al. 2005;5. ...
Coastal seine surveys contain some of the only direct measures of age-0 abundance for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), yet their utility in forecasting future year-class strength has not been evaluated among regions. We analyzed coastal time series from the Gulf of Alaska, Newfoundland, and Norway to test the hypothesis that recruitment signals are stronger when assessed under thermal conditions that provide high juvenile growth potential. Weaker recruitment signals were associated with low growth potential from cold winters (Newfoundland) and recent warmer summers (Norway). We conclude that temperature-dependent growth strongly influences the utility of coastal surveys in recruitment forecasting among regions. Temporal changes in growth potential (e.g., via climate change) will likely affect recruitment signals by way of changes in juvenile mortality or spatial shifts to more favorable thermal habitats.
... In contrast warmer and wetter winters Telesh et al., 2011) may increase river discharge (and groundwater recharge), which would act to reduce salinities and result in extreme seasonal differences in saline incursion extents between summer and winter (Robins et al., 2016). These changes may both reflect and be caused by changes to the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) patterns (Attrill and Power, 2002). This may increase flash floods but as yet the influence of high-intensity, episodic events rather than chronic salinity changes on the fauna is as yet not known. ...
Coastal and estuarine systems worldwide are under threat from global climate change, with potential consequences including an increase in salinities and incursion of saltwater into areas currently subject to tidal and non-tidal freshwater regimes. It is commonly assumed that climate-driven increases in estuarine salinities and saline incursion will be directly reflected in an upstream shift in species distributions and patterns of community composition based on salinity tolerance. This study examined the responses of benthos to medium-term salinity changes in two macrotidal river-estuary systems in SE England to test whether these responses may be representative of climate-induced salinity changes over the long-term. The study reinforced the effect of salinity, related to tidal incursion, as the primary environmental driver of benthic species distribution and community composition. Salinity, however, acted within a hierarchy of factors followed by substratum type, with biotic competition and predator-prey relationships superimposed on these. The assumption that increasing salinities will be directly reflected in a shift in species distributions and patterns of community composition upstream over the long-term was shown to be over simplistic and not representative of a complex and highly variable system. Relative Sea Level Rise (RSLR) projections were predicted to increase estuarine salinities and saline incursion in the study estuaries, which together with projected reductions in river flow will have important consequences for estuarine structure and function, particularly in tidal limnetic zones, despite estuarine communities being pre-adapted to cope with fluctuating salinities. The study identified, however, that limnic-derived fauna inhabiting these zones may demonstrate greater tolerance to salinity change than is currently recognised, and may persist where salinity increases are gradual and zones unbounded.
... The wind-shear alignment and SML deepening mechanism reported here may therefore provide a causal link between the larger scale climate (NAO) variability and the level of primary production in seasonally stratified shelf seas, and so contribute to the reported correlations between climatic variability and marine ecosystem dynamics in shelf seas (eg. Attrill and Power, 2002). from met office reanalysis (solid line) and tidal amplitude from bed mounted pressure recorder (dashed line). ...
Inertial Oscillations are a ubiquitous feature of the surface ocean. Here we combine new observations with a numerical model to investigate the role of inertial oscillations in driving deepening of the surface mixed layer in a seasonally stratified sea. Observations of temperature and current structure, from a mooring in the Western Irish Sea, reveal episodes of strong currents (>0.3ms−1) lasting several days, resulting in enhanced shear across the thermocline. Whilst the episodes of strong currents are coincident with windy periods, the variance in the shear is not directly related to the wind stress. The shear varies on a sub-inertial timescale with the formation of shear maxima lasting several hours occurring at the local inertial period of 14.85h. These shear maxima coincide with the orientation of the surface current being at an angle of approximately 90° to the right of the wind direction. Observations of the water column structure during windy periods reveal deepening of the surface mixed layer in a series of steps which coincide with a period of enhanced shear. During the periods of enhanced shear gradient Richardson number estimates indicate Ri−1≥4 at the base of the surface mixed layer, implying the deepening as a result of shear instability. A one-dimensional vertical exchange model successfully reproduces the magnitude and phase of the shear spikes as well as the step like deepening. The observations and model results therefore identify the role of wind-shear alignment as a key entrainment mechanism driving surface mixed layer deepening in a shallow, seasonally stratified sea. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Previous studies on phenological changes in temperate coastal and estuarine ecosystems have typically tended to focus on mono-specific changes, generally centered on the first trophic level, such as primary producers (Kromkamp & Van Engeland 2010) or zooplankton (Beaugrand et al. 2002). Attrill and Power (Attrill & Power 2002) and Sims (Sims et al. 2004) studied climate change impacts on estuarine nursery functions in terms of growth and spawning time, but not explicitly in terms of trophic implications. ...
Les changements philosophiques et techniques qui ont accompagné l’avènement de notre civilisation «moderne » laissent dans leurs sillages un cortège de bouleversements physiques, chimiques etbiologiques à l’échelle du globe. Aujourd’hui les preuves sont nombreuses pour affirmer que cechangement global modifie le fonctionnement de la « Nature ». La nécessité d’appréhender et decomprendre ce fonctionnement a conduit à interroger les processus de reconfiguration des diversescomposantes et fonctionnalités des éco-sociosystèmes sous l’influence des changements globaux.Concentrant aujourd’hui près de 75 % de la population humaine, les écosystèmes estuariens et côtierssont particulièrement vulnérables, de plus en plus exploités et contaminés et leur biodiversité estlargement impactée. L’estuaire de la Gironde, un des plus grands estuaires d’Europe de l’Ouest, montredepuis au moins trois décennies des signes de ce changement global. C’est dans ce contexte que cettethèse décrit la trajectoire fonctionnelle de l’écosystème estuarien au cours des trente dernières années.Trois aspects du fonctionnement y sont décrits, analysés et discutés. L’étude de la dynamiqueinterannuelle du cortège ichtyologique a permis, tout d’abord, de mettre en avant trois périodes defonctionnement distinctes dans les dernières décennies. L’exploration des rythmes saisonniers despoissons et de leurs proies zooplanctoniques dans chacune d’elle a ensuite permis de montrer desmodifications de la phénologie de ces espèces à même d’engendrer, pour certaines, desdésynchronisations temporelles entre proies et prédateurs questionnant, par conséquent, la stabilité desrelations trophique et la capacité trophique du milieu. Enfin, un modèle holistique du réseau trophique aété réalisé pour chacune des trois périodes. La comparaison des propriétés de chacun d’eux a permisde conclure à une augmentation du stress de l’estuaire de la Gironde et à remettre en question sacapacité à durablement jouer son rôle de nourricerie pour les stocks de poissons marins du Golfe deGascogne. Quatre scénarii d’évolutions prospectifs synthétisent les conclusions de cette étude etdonnent à voir des avenirs possibles de cet écosystème.
... For this approach to succeed, data collection will need to aim at developing a high-resolution map of the biogeographic distribution of fish stocks and the spatial distribution of fishing effort as well as improved estimation of life history parameters and the trophic linkages between species. This approach is especially relevant given that community structure may change through time (Shertzer et al. 2009) due to heavy exploitation (Hughes 1994; McClenachan 2009), invasive species (Albins and Hixon 2008), habitat degradation (Hoss and Engel 1996; Anderson et al. 2008), and climate change (Holbrook et al. 1997; Attrill and Power 2002; Genner et al. 2004; Perry et al. 2005; Collie et al. 2008). Similarly, the structure of stock complexes may change through time if the fishery begins operating more heavily in different areas, using different gear types, or targeting different species. ...
... For this approach to succeed, data collection will need to aim at developing a high-resolution map of the biogeographic distribution of fish stocks and the spatial distribution of fishing effort as well as improved estimation of life history parameters and the trophic linkages between species. This approach is especially relevant given that community structure may change through time (Shertzer et al. 2009) due to heavy exploitation (Hughes 1994;McClenachan 2009), invasive species (Albins and Hixon 2008), habitat degradation (Hoss and Engel 1996;Anderson et al. 2008), and climate change (Holbrook et al. 1997;Attrill and Power 2002;Genner et al. 2004;Perry et al. 2005;Collie et al. 2008). Similarly, the structure of stock complexes may change through time if the fishery begins operating more heavily in different areas, using different gear types, or targeting different species. ...
The Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 2006 required that regional fishery management councils implement annual catch limits and accountability measures for all federally managed stocks by 2011. Many managed species are data limited and no formal stock assessment has been done for them. One possible approach to managing unassessed species is to assign them to assemblages that are managed as units. The utility of this approach was evaluated using fishery‐dependent and fishery‐independent data from the Gulf of Mexico. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed several consistent assemblages among the 42 reef fish species managed by the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council. Pearson correlation matrices, nodal analyses, and a weighted mean cluster association index integrated results across cluster analyses and provided additional guidance regarding the placement of rare species into groups. Productivity–susceptibility analysis and life history were also considered, as differences in productivity, vulnerability, life history, and other population‐dynamic parameters for the species within complexes might imply different population responses to a similar change in fishing mortality. Identified linkages between species also provide guidance for the impacts of regulations on multispecies fisheries.
Received December 31, 2014; accepted February 18, 2015
... Indeed, changes in temperature can affect thermodynamic processes such as metabolism, which may in turn alter ecological processes such as predator-prey interactions (Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno, 2010). For instance, the North-Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been found to be the parameter which best explains fish community composition, as well as species abundance and juvenile growth patterns during the estuarine phase (Attrill and Power, 2002). Similarly, changes in the intensity of the Poleward Current or in upwelling indices affect recruitment processes and the structural stability of the fish communities of the Bay of Biscay (Sánchez and Gil, 2000;Sánchez and Serrano, 2003). ...
Changes in the distribution of the demersal fish species have been identified in north-European Atlantic waters. The consequence of these changes has been a northward shift of the distribution limits and changes in richness. In this study a notable increase in demersal fish species richness per sampling station was detected in the southern Bay of Biscay. This rise was due to an increase in frequency of occurrence and abundance of the majority of fish species in the area (53% from the total species). A fisheries relate explanation was discarded because the mismatch between the changes in the fishing effort and the augment in frequency of occurrence and abundance. On the contrary, these changes are in agreement with expected response under the increasing temperature of the sea observed over the last three decades, associated to global warming. These changes were positively correlated with an increase in temperature of intermediate waters in the study area. In addition, some of these species showed a notable western displacements of the Centre of Gravity in the study area, which would be expected if temperate water species would be favoured by an increase in water temperature. Our results are consistent with studies in the North Sea, where many of these species showing widened distribution limits towards north. The analysis of the results shows that the studied ecosystem, the Bay of Biscay is under a meridionalization process. On the other hand, only one tropicalization event (Lepidotrigla dieuzeidei), was recorded, maybe due to the conservative restrictions applied in species selection.
... In contrast warmer and wetter winters Telesh et al., 2011) may increase river discharge (and groundwater recharge), which would act to reduce salinities and result in extreme seasonal differences in saline incursion extents between summer and winter (Robins et al., 2016). These changes may both reflect and be caused by changes to the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) patterns (Attrill and Power, 2002). This may increase flash floods but as yet the influence of high-intensity, episodic events rather than chronic salinity changes on the fauna is as yet not known. ...
... For example, a single survey of fish composition at a local habitat may suggest interactions among species (e.g., co-occurrence patterns) [1,2], while a time-series of surveys may reveal temporal patterns of fish migration [3,4]. In addition, long-term monitoring can reveal time lags between invasion and explosive population growth of alien fish [5], increases in invasive fish abundance related to decreases in population sizes of native fish species [6], and effects of climatic fluctuations on population growth of estuarine fish species [7]. Furthermore, comparing the composition and biomass of fish communities between habitats can reveal important environmental requirements for the survival of young fish [8]. ...
Recent studies in streams and ponds have demonstrated that the distribution and biomass of aquatic organisms can be estimated by detection and quantification of environmental DNA (eDNA). In more open systems such as seas, it is not evident whether eDNA can represent the distribution and biomass of aquatic organisms because various environmental factors (e.g., water flow) are expected to affect eDNA distribution and concentration. To test the relationships between the distribution of fish and eDNA, we conducted a grid survey in Maizuru Bay, Sea of Japan, and sampled surface and bottom waters while monitoring biomass of the Japanese jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) using echo sounder technology. A linear model showed a high R2 value (0.665) without outlier data points, and the association between estimated eDNA concentrations from the surface water samples and echo intensity was significantly positive, suggesting that the estimated spatial variation in eDNA concentration can reflect the local biomass of the jack mackerel. We also found that a best-fit model included echo intensity obtained within 10–150 m from water sampling sites, indicating that the estimated eDNA concentration most likely reflects fish biomass within 150 m in the bay. Although eDNA from a wholesale fish market partially affected eDNA concentration, we conclude that eDNA generally provides a ‘snapshot’ of fish distribution and biomass in a large area. Further studies in which dynamics of eDNA under field conditions (e.g., patterns of release, degradation, and diffusion of eDNA) are taken into account will provide a better estimate of fish distribution and biomass based on eDNA.
... Deniz ve tatlı su sistemlerinde türlerin üremeleri, mevsimsel dağılımı ve kompozisyonu üzerine iklim değişikliğinin etkileri ile ilgili oldukça fazla çalışma vardır. Fitoplankton [18], birincil üretim [19,20], Güney Okyanusu'nda krill [21], Kuzey Atlantik'te plankton [22,23], tropikal ton balığı [24], Doğu Boundary akıntısında Sardalya ve Hamsi [25,26] ve Kuzey Avrupa Deniz Şelfinde Ringa ve Morina gibi çeşitli balık türleri [27,28] ile ilgili iklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin araştırıldığı çalışmalar bunlardan sadece bazılarıdır. ...
ZET Yeryüzündeki yaşamı tehdit eden en büyük tehlike küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliğidir. Son yıllarda küresel ısınmanın etkileri sadece karasal bölgelerde değil, okyanus, deniz ve göller gibi sulak alanlarda da görülmektedir. Özellikle kaliteli protein kaynağı olan su ürünleri ve balıklar bundan önemli oranda olumsuz etkilenmektedirler. Çünkü balıklar ve diğer su ürünleri bulundukları sucul ortamdaki değişimlere karşı çok hassastırlar. Bu derleme çalışmasında, küresel iklim değişikliğinin denizel ekosistemler ve balıkçılık üzerine olan etkileri irdelenecektir. ABSTRACT The biggest threats to life on earth are climate change and global warming. Recently, their effects are detected not only in terrestrial ecosystems but also in oceans, seas and lakes. Being very sensitive to variations in the aquatic environment, high-quality protein resources such as fish and other marine life are significantly affected by climate change. This review will investigate the effects of global warming on fish and fisheries, as well as other marine resources.
... However, these constraints could be reduced for larger cetaceans, leading to more complex patterns of population structure not necessarily correlated to seascape features (see, for example, [11]). Ecosystems in the eastern North Atlantic are shifting toward a warmer dynamic equilibrium with significant changes detected in plankton and fish assemblages [51,[60][61][62], but the consequences for marine mammals remain to date unclear [63]. Although further analyses would be require to address the demographic trends of these populations, the genetic pattern highlighted here (i.e., the ancient isolation of harbour porpoises in the Black Sea), the more recent isolation of those in Iberian waters, and the higher IBD in the southern end of the northern Atlantic continuum, suggests that habitat-related fragmentation of harbour porpoise range is under way and that it is likely to continue with the predicted changes in climate. ...
... While the issue of Atlantic salmon survival is complicated by their complex life cycle requirements (Armstrong et al. 1998), there are various hypotheses regarding marine fish survival and production that may pertain to Atlantic salmon declines . One hypothesis focuses on oceanic climatic factors and their potential influence on population dynamics (Friedland et al. 1998; Attril and Power 2002; Jonsson and Jonsson 2003 ). Evidence exists for dramatic changes in ocean climate conditions in the northwest Atlantic, particularly during the early 1990s (e.g., Colbourne et al. 1997; Colbourne and Anderson 2003), prompting some to suggest that there has been a marine climate regime shift (Drinkwater 2000; Montevecchi et al. 2002 ). ...
In many areas of the North Atlantic, populations of salmon (Salmo salar) are now either in a state of decline or extirpated such that concern over the continued survival of the species has been given more attention in recent years despite large reductions in directed ocean fisheries. Previous investigations have established linkages between ocean climate conditions and variability in abundance or survival. However, one avenue not previously explored considers whether changes in marine food webs owing to ever increasing and unsustainable levels of exploitation on many marine species – the so called ‘fishing down marine food webs’ hypothesis – could influence survival and abundance of salmon as a result of shifts in trophic position or changes in energy flows. Since Atlantic salmon are opportunistic feeders during the marine life-history phase, the species lends itself well to studies associated with marine environmental conditions and food web interactions. Here we examine long-term variability in the trophic ecology of Atlantic salmon using analyses of stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N). Signatures were extracted from the marine growth portion of scales of maiden one-sea-winter fish. Data were obtained from nine Canadian and one north European river (Teno) covering periods extending over three-to-four decades. Significant differences in δ13C and δ15N signatures were found to exist among rivers, as well as among years within rivers. Trends over time in either δ13C or δ15N signatures were evident in only a few situations thus providing little evidence of substantive changes in the trophic ecology of salmon in the North Atlantic. In addition, isotopic signatures were largely invariant in relation to variations in abundance or to various environmental measures characterizing ocean climate conditions in the North Atlantic.
... populations (Johann et al., 2013; Table 2). Changes in climate have also affected the timing and success of fish migrations, peak abundance, as well as sex ratios while rising sea level pose vigorous challenges to fisheries by loss of land and changes to the estuary systems (Attrill and Power, 2002). There are not only negative impacts of climatic changes on fisheries; as the retreat of glaciers can also create new habitats for some freshwater species (Milner et al., 2009). ...
A B S T R A C T Due to the adverse impacts of climate change on earth systems the research in this field has been profoundly taken a part in all scientific arenas since last few decades. The deleterious impacts of climate change on agricultural production are challenging the food security of the world in terms of quantity and quality both. Wheat, rice, maize, vegetables, fruits and fish-food provide food security for more than half of the world and are under immense pressure of changing climate. This review is an overview of the significant impacts associated with climate change on these food sources. In present synthesis, various phenological, physiological, biochemical and reproductive responses in major food crops have been summarized emphasizing the vulnerable growth and development stages. Winter and summer sensitivity responses, and morpho-biochemical acclimation patterns have also been summarized. Sustenance in wheat and rice production is evident but impacts of increasing temperatures are negating this on bio-physiological level impacts. Maize crops are experiencing more impacts on yield as compared to wheat and rice. Fruits and vegetable production is highly vulnerable to climate change at their reproductive stages and also due to more disease prevalence. Fisheries as a critical animal food source; is in extreme danger as apparent changes in their habitat and unmanageable environmental conditions are producing extreme losses. This review also provides an account of stress responses and useful adaptive measures. This synthesis may be helpful in understanding manifold dimensions and interactions of climate change impacts on selected major food sources of the world.
... Unlike capelin, herring maintained a broad distribution across all regions and CPUE remained stable between climate states. There is evidence for changes in herring distributions due to the climate effects in other regions (Alheit and Hagen, 1997;Nagasawa, 2001;Attrill and Power, 2002). However, herring live longer than capelin (herringup to 12 years; capelinup to 5 years) (Naumenko, 1996), and therefore changes in catches between warm and cold periods are undoubtedly confounded by multiple age classes encountered during a single annual survey (Wespestad and Barton, 1979;Hay et al., 2008). ...
... For example, the lower T max and more apparent stenothermic shape of the growth curve for Arctic cod suggest that continued climate change will eventually lead to reduced thermal habitat for this species while increasing thermal habitat for the Pacific gadids. Broadly speaking, these are the mechanisms by which marine fish populations are expected to shift northward (Cheung et al. 2009), resulting in changes in regional species assemblages (Attrill and Power 2002;Albouy et al. 2012). However, despite indications that gadids from the Pacific and Atlantic are becoming more abundant in the Arctic (Sundby and Nakken 2008;Rand and Logerwell 2011), there is debate whether some gadids will migrate through cold shelf water (\2°C) following spring-summer ice-melt (Wyllie-Echeverria and Wooster 1998; Hollowed et al. 2012) or can establish new spawning populations under the ice (Hollowed et al. 2013). ...
The thermal sensitivity of Arctic fish species is poorly understood, yet such data are a critical component of forecasting and understanding ecosystem impacts of climate change. In this study, we experimentally measured temperature-dependent growth and routine swim activity in the juvenile stage of two Arctic gadids (Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida and saffron cod, Eleginus gracilis) and two North Pacific gadids (walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogrammus and Pacific cod, Gadus macrocephalus) over a 6-week growth period across five temperatures (0, 5, 9, 16 and 20 °C). Arctic cod demonstrated a cold-water, stenothermic response in that there was relatively high growth at 0 °C (0.73 % day−1), near-maximal growth at 5 °C (1.35 % day−1) and negative impacts on activity, growth and survival at 16 °C. In contrast, saffron cod demonstrated a warmer-water, eurythermic response, and temperature had a positive effect on growth and condition beyond 16 °C. However, despite these distinct thermal responses, walleye pollock and Pacific cod grew 2–3 times faster than Arctic gadids across a relatively broad temperature range above 5 °C. These results, coupled with possible northward expansion by both Pacific cod and walleye pollock, suggest Arctic cod are highly vulnerable to continued climate change in the Arctic, especially in coastal areas of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas where temperatures already exceed 14 °C in the summer growth period.
... The effects of climate change on marine ecosystems have become unequivocal since recent years (Hatun et al., 2009; Cloern et al., 2010). Changes concern all biological compartments and are altering the biodiversity of both marine and estuary ecosystems (Attrill and Power, 2002; Halpern et al., 2008; Goberville et al., 2010). Estuarine ecosystems, which have an undeniable economic value (e.g. ...
The Gironde is the largest estuary of SouthWest Europe and is one of the best monitored estuarine systems in the world. This macrotidal estuary is characterized by a low biodiversity in both oligo-and mesohaline zones. Its zooplankton community is constituted by only five major species, three calanoid copepods (including one invasive species) and two mysids. Retrospective analyses have already documented a warming associated to a phenomenon of marinisation. Here, we investigate the influence of both marinisation and warming on the spatial distribution and the abundance of copepods (i.e. Eur-ytemora affinis, Acartia bifilosa and neritic species) in the Gironde estuary. We modelled the environmental envelope of the copepods as a function of salinity and temperature to demonstrate that the alteration of their longitudinal distribution in the estuary between 1975 and 2003 was the result of both changing temperature and salinity. Although the upstream movement of neritic species was mostly related to salinity, we show that the augmentation of both temperature and salinity was at the origin of the upstream progression of both A. bifilosa and E. affinis. These results suggest that the distribution of copepods can be affected by both anthropogenic forcing and climatic change, which modulate the physic-chemistry of the Gironde estuary.
... This species is less adapted to cool waters than some of its congenerics, for example, D. sargus, that is reported to extend its distribution to higher latitudes (for a review see Patarnello Oceanic island colonisation by a coastal fish S Stefanni et al et al., 2007). The increased SST may have created more suitable habitat conditions for this species in the Azores and favoured its establishment , as temperature-driven distributional shifts in marine organisms have not been uncommon occurrences in the past two decades (Attrill and Power, 2002; Perry et al., 2005; Belanger et al., 2012). The global mean SST values for 1980–1994 and 1995–2005 were 11.1 ± 0.1 °C and 11.7 ± 0.1 °C, respectively (Rayner et al., 2006). ...
The processes and timescales associated with ocean-wide changes in the distribution of marine species have intrigued biologists since Darwin’s earliest insights into biogeography. The Azores, a mid-Atlantic volcanic archipelago located 41000 km off the European continental shelf, offers ideal opportunities to investigate phylogeographic colonisation scenarios. The benthopelagic sparid fish known as the common two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) is now relatively common along the coastline of the Azores archipelago, but was virtually absent before the 1990s. We employed a multiple genetic marker approach to test whether
the successful establishment of the Azorean population derives from a recent colonisation from western continental/island populations or from the demographic explosion of an ancient relict population. Results from nuclear and mtDNA sequences show that all Atlantic and Mediterranean populations belong to the same phylogroup, though microsatellite data indicate significant genetic divergence between the Azorean sample and all other locations, as well as among Macaronesian, western Iberian and Mediterranean regions. The results from Approximate Bayesian Computation indicate that D. vulgaris has likely inhabited the Azores for ∼40 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.5–83.6) to 52 (95% CI: 6.32–89.0) generations, corresponding to roughly
80–150 years, suggesting near-contemporary colonisation, followed by a more recent demographic expansion that could have been facilitated by changing climate conditions. Moreover, the lack of previous records of this species over the past century, together with the absence of lineage separation and the presence of relatively few private alleles, do not exclude the possibility of an even more recent colonisation event.
... fied two a dditional regime s hifts in 1970 and 1983 (Fig. 1) . The effects of climate change on fish production/abundance are now being given n early equal consideration to the competing hypothesis that fish produCtion /abundance is governed solely by an intrinsic s tock recru itment relation s h ip and fi s hing (Balmn andBroad. 2003: Attrill andPower. 2002). Hence, a better understanding of h ow the climate change and variability of the ocean environment affects the fate of fish abundance at sea wo uld be of great valu e as a strategic planning tool. ...
... Large-scale climate patterns such as the NAO and ENSO influence ecological processes such as community composition and species abundance, showing effectiveness as measures of climate change impacts on biological communities (Attrill & Power 2002, Hays et al. 2005, Robinson & Graham 2013 ). However , in some areas, the link between large-scale indices and local climate is weak and/or non-linear; thus, these relationship may be difficult to reveal (Stenseth et al. 2003 ). ...
Estuarine and coastal ecosystems are strongly affected by variations in climate through alterations in freshwater input, which result in changes in water temperature and salinity. Predicting the response of estuarine systems to future scenarios of climate change requires knowledge of the present relationships between estuarine and coastal communities and variations in local weather patterns. Synoptic climatology is a method that identifies recurrent weather patterns at a regional scale (1000s of km) and is valuable for predicting estuarine ecosystem responses to environmental variability. This method was applied for a region of southwest Europe, and the effects of weather patterns on the zooplankton community of the Mondego Estuary (Portugal) were investigated. We identified 9 weather patterns for the region during the last 61 yr. A regression analysis related these weather patterns with freshwater flow in the estuary during the winter, and subsequently years between 2003 and 2011 were classified as average, dry or wet by a percentile approach. The abundance and spatial distribution of the zooplankton community responded to weather pattern variability during the winter. For example, years that featured lower precipitation, freshwater flow and higher salinity were characterized by marine planktonic groups. Salinity appeared to be the main factor related to zooplankton community changes. This study shows that the synoptic climatology approach is effective at capturing regional-scale dynamics of estuaries and at providing baseline climate relationships with estuarine zooplankton communities, which can be used to predict future response to climate change.
... One of the consequences of distributional shifts of individual species is the possibility of changes in the composition of ecosystem assemblages, as observed in the fish community around Britain (Attrill and Power, 2002;Genner et al., 2004) and in the intertidal regions off California (Helmuth et al., 2006). These changes can occur due to differential rates of movement of various species in response to ocean climate conditions (Mueter and Litzow, 2008), through invasion of new species (Stachowicz et al., 2002), or when some species disappear either due to the new temperatures exceeding the species thermal tolerance, a reduction of their prey, or an increase in their predators or competitors. ...
While documentation of climate effects on marine ecosystems has a long history, the underlying processes have often been elusive. In this paper we review some of the ecosystem responses to climate variability and discuss the possible mechanisms through which climate acts. Effects of climatological and oceanographic variables, such as temperature, sea ice, turbulence, and advection, on marine organisms are discussed in terms of their influence on growth, distribution, reproduction, activity rates, recruitment and mortality. Organisms tend to be limited to specific thermal ranges with experimental findings showing that sufficient oxygen supply by ventilation and circulation only occurs within these ranges. Indirect effects of climate forcing through effects on the food web are also discussed. Research and data needs required to improve our knowledge of the processes linking climate to ecosystem changes are presented along with our assessment of our ability to predict ecosystem responses to future climate change scenarios.
... Holmgren et al. 2006 ) and marine ecosystems (e.g. Lehodey et al. 1997 ;Attrill and Power 2002 ). Correlations between physical processes and population size have focused on phenomena at large spatial scales of thousands of kilometres (e.g. ...
The Cubozoa are poorly known compared to their scyphozoan relatives. This has partly been due to a limited knowledge of taxonomy, the rarity of some taxa as well as extreme temporal and spatial variation in abundance of medusae. The latter may reflect the small spatial scales of many populations. Although cubozoan medusae vary greatly in size, they are all excellent swimmers and have strong orientation behaviour. This, combined with resting on the bottom for extended periods of the day in some taxa (e.g. Copula sivickisi), suggests that dispersal may be limited. Despite this, some taxa, such as Tripedalia cystophora, have broad pantropical distributions suggesting a successful phenotype and a long geologic history. Statoliths allow medusae to be aged and provide unique opportunities to obtain accurate estimates of growth and to test ecological hypotheses. The life histories of few taxa have been studied, and until recently only the life cycle of Tripedalia cystophora had been fully described. The ability to rear species is critical for experimentation. Further, knowledge of the ecology of cubozoans is important for understanding population dynamics and predicting risk to swimmers and prey. With the exception of worldwide occurrences, population units have not been determined using well-known tools such as comparative morphology, genetics and elemental chemistry, and this is overdue. New technology is offering exciting ways to study these elusive creatures. This, combined with experimentation, will provide a better understanding of the physical and biological factors influencing the distribution and abundance of cubozoans within and among populations, both now and under climate change.
... ies, including D. labrax, in estuaries (Marshall & Elliott, 1998; Power et al., 2000; Cabral & Costa, 2001;Table 2. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters L 1 and K, and the growth performance index (F) for D. labrax data from different locations (adapted from Pickett & Pawson, 1994). F refers to females and M to males; data from this paper are in bold. Attrill & Power, 2002; Henderson et al., 2011; Pasquaud et al., 2012). The increase in mean annual temperature observed since the 1980s in the western Dutch Wadden Sea, as well as along the whole Dutch coastal zone (Van Aken, 2008a, 2010 ), suggests that temperatures for growth of D. labrax may be more favourable in recent years than in the past. During the l ...
This paper analyses the population dynamics, growth and feeding ecology of Dicentrarchus labrax in order to gain a better understanding of its present role in the western Dutch Wadden Sea ecosystem. Otolith analysis showed that the population is mostly comprised of individuals aged 3–5 years old and between 20 and 45 cm in length. In autumn, 0-group juveniles are also an important part of the population. Both juveniles and adults use the area as a feeding ground exhibiting an oppor-tunistic feeding strategy that relies on available prey, especially the brown shrimp Crangon crangon. Stomach content analysis and nitrogen stable isotope analysis showed an ontogenetic shift towards piscivory and a general decrease in the dominance of invertebrates with increasing size. Over the last 50 years, large between-year fluctuations in D. labrax abundance have been observed with an underlying increasing trend from about 1990 until 2007 followed by a subsequent decline. Spring abundance showed significant relationships with temperature and salinity while autumn abundance was only related to temperature. Spring and autumn D. labrax abundance were also strongly related to abundance of brown shrimp C. crangon prey. Long-term trends in temperature and salinity in the area suggest that environmental conditions for juvenile growth have become optimal, resulting in increased abundance since the mid-1980s. Continued monitoring of the dynamics of this species in the Dutch Wadden Sea is important to understand and anticipate the effects of climate change on the D. labrax population and its role in the local food web.
... Estuaries also experience high primary and secondary production, which provide a broad food base for juvenile fishes, which in turn act as secondary consumers in marine food webs (Beck et al. 2001). For certain species, warmer water temperatures and lower salinity that occur in estuaries can also favor juvenile production rates (Attrill and Power 2002;Ross 2003). ...
... Coastal systems, such as sea grasses, kelp forests, mangroves, or estuaries represent important nursery habitats before individuals migrate to adult habitats (Koenig and Coleman 1998;Nagelkerken et al. 2000;Nelson 2001; Cocheret de la Moriniere et al. 2002). Variability in juvenile populations in these nursery habitats is reflected years later in the size structure of the adult populations (Russ et al. 1996;Attrill and Power 2002;Aburto-Oropeza et al. 2007), and affects fishery stocks (Gillanders et al. 2003;Fodrie and Levin 2008). For that reason, information on juvenile ecology, when incorporated to fishery stock assessments, Communicated by X. Irigoien. ...
Several species of snappers are dependent on mangrove forests during their first year of life (1-4). These habitats have been categorized as nursery sites, because they have above-average densities of juvenile fish compared to other habitats (5). Once they leave the mangrove-nursery areas, snappers migrate to offshore reefs to find their home as adult individuals. At least six species of snappers use mangrove forests as their major nursery habitat in the Gulf of California (DOI: 10.13022/M3CC77), but the Yellow snapper, L. argentiventris, is the most abundant of them. This species can reach sizes of up to one meter in length, and have a weight of 10 kilograms, and during spring and summer, produce more than three metric tons of landings per fishing cooperative (6). If snappers only recruit in mangroves, we can expect that reefs farther from a mangrove source will have less abundance of snappers and in turn less snappers to be fished.
http://datamares.ucsd.edu/eng/projects/mangroves/how-distance-between-mangroves-and-reefs-could-affect-snapper-populations/
Humans are altering marine ecosystems at unprecedented rates, and these changes can result in animals selecting poor‐quality habitats if the cues they use become misleading. Such “ecological traps” increase extinction risk, reduce ecosystem resilience, and are a consequence of human‐induced rapid environmental change. Although there is growing evidence for traps impacting terrestrial species, the phenomenon has so far received little attention from marine scientists. To explore why so few studies have attempted to identify traps in the ocean, we conducted a literature review of the major drivers of marine environmental change to determine how their impacts on habitat choice and species fitness are being assessed. From this we summarize the current evidence for marine traps, present case studies to show why the phenomenon is potentially common in the ocean, highlight ways to advance awareness and understanding of traps, and demonstrate how this information can help improve management of marine environments.
As the body of literature on marine climate impacts accumulates the question is no longer whether marine ecosystems and their living resources are affected, but what we as scientists, managers and policy makers can do to prepare for the inevitable changes. In this study, the current literature on how fisheries, fisheries management and fishing communities react and adapt to projected climate impacts is reviewed. First, a brief background on adaptation research, including definitions of key terms and concepts is provided. Secondly, available frameworks and tools to assess and foster adaptation to climate change are outlined and discussed. Thirdly, case studies illustrating several key aspects (political, legal, economic, and social) influencing adaptation at the level of fisheries, communities and households worldwide are presented and compared. Finally, a brief synthesis of the main issues and their implications for adaptation within fisheries and fisheries management at large are identified and discussed. In summary, the study illustrates that while a great wealth of local and regional knowledge, as well as tools and approaches to foster adaptation exists, examples of concrete adaptation actions and measures are surprisingly few. This emphasizes the need to increase the general awareness of climate change impacts and to build a solid political, legal, financial and social infrastructure within which the available knowledge, tools and approaches can be set to practical use in implementing adaptation to climate change.
Le flet européen (Platichthys flesus) est un poisson catadrome dont l’aire de répartition dans le Nord-Est Atlantique s’étend du cercle polaire Arctique jusqu’au Portugal. Depuis quelques décennies, la limite Sud de son aire de distribution remonte le long des côtes Portugaises. Une étude préliminaire sur la biologie des populations de flet a identifié un métabolisme énergétique spécifique pour une population périphérique Sud au Portugal vs des populations situées dans le Golfe de Gascogne et en Manche. Dans la présente étude, nous avons combiné une approche en génétique de populations avec des challenges expérimentaux menés en situation de common garden, pour approfondir nos connaissances sur la différentiation génétique entre les populations de flets sur la façade Atlantique et sur le possible différentiel phénotypique qui pourrait en résulter, particulièrement en terme de bioénergétique et de traits d’histoire de vie. L’approche génétique considérant le polymorphisme de marqueurs de type microsatellites et de différents gènes candidats met en évidence une différentiation génétique très significative entre les populations de la Péninsule Ibérique et celles situées plus au Nord. Une pression de sélection différentielle s’exerce probablement sur un gène impliqué dans le métabolisme énergétique (GAPDH) et confirme la particularité génétique des populations Ibériques. Un challenge thermique et hypoxique conduit sur des poissons juvéniles et mettant en oeuvre une combinaison d’approches ciblées (activités enzymatiques sur des proxies du métabolisme énergétique en aérobiose vs anaérobiose, et de l’anabolisme) et sans a priori (protéomique par électrophorèse 2D) suggère une meilleure aptitude des populations centrales (Canche et Vilaine, France) et de la population périphérique (Lima, Portugal) à se maintenir respectivement en conditions froide vs chaude et hypoxique. Enfin, l’analyse de normes de réaction des traits de vie pour des stades embryo-larvaires exposés à un gradient thermique met en évidence une probable adaptation locale des populations de flet à leur environnement thermique.
Tropical wetlands are highly threatened socio-ecological systems, where local communities rely heavily on aquatic animal protein, such as fish, to meet food security. Here, we quantify how a ‘win-win’ community-based resource management program induced stock recovery of the world’s largest scaled freshwater fish (Arapaima gigas), providing both food and income. We analyzed stock assessment data over eight years and examined the effects of protected areas, community-based management, and landscape and limnological variables across 83 oxbow lakes monitored along a ~500-km section of the Juruá River of Western Brazilian Amazonia. Patterns of community management explained 71.8% of the variation in arapaima population sizes. Annual population counts showed that protected lakes on average contained 304.8 (±332.5) arapaimas, compared to only 9.2 (±9.8) in open-access lakes. Protected lakes have become analogous to a high-interest savings account, ensuring an average annual revenue of US1046.6 per household, greatly improving socioeconomic welfare. Arapaima management is a superb window of opportunity in harmonizing the co-delivery of sustainable resource management and poverty alleviation. We show that arapaima management deserves greater attention from policy makers across Amazonian countries, and highlight the need to include local stakeholders in conservation planning of Amazonian floodplains.
This chapter presents a review of what is known about the impacts of climate change on the biota (plankton, benthos, fish, seabirds and marine mammals) of the North Sea. Examples show how the changing North Sea environment is affecting biological processes and organisation at all scales, including the physiology, reproduction, growth, survival, behaviour and transport of individuals; the distribution, dynamics and evolution of populations; and the trophic structure and coupling of ecosystems. These complex responses can be detected because there are detailed long-term biological and environmental
records for the North Sea; written records go back 500 years and archaeological
records many thousands of years. The information presented here shows that the
composition and productivity of the North Sea marine ecosystem is clearly affected by climate change and that this will have consequences for sustainable levels of harvesting and other ecosystem services in the future. Multi-variate ocean climate indicators that can be used to monitor and warn of changes in composition and productivity are now being developed for the North Sea.
A “StingerCam” camera system provided high temporal resolution image data on the presence of large cubozoan jellyfish over nearly five years on the tropical coast of northeastern Australia. There was strong seasonality in the occurrence of Chironex fleckeri and an unnamed species of the family Carybdeidae (Morbakka spp.). Jellyfish of both species were only found between December and May of each year; primarily in the wet season. It was estimated that jellyfish were released from polyps from September. From a sample of >1000 C. fleckeri and 493 Morbakka we determined the temperature and salinity range in which these taxa were detected being between 21.7°C–31.6°C and 25.2–34.9 PSU for C. fleckeri, and 20.2–30.2°C and 25.4–35.4 PSU for Morbakka sp. Daily wind speed influenced detection rates with less jellyfish observed in winds that exceeded 28 km h−1. Data reduction software greatly improved processing time by identifying images without jellyfish with an accuracy of 93–98% in the two case studies used here, an image series from a night when jellyfish were highly active and in winter when jellyfish were absent. The StingerCam not only provided strong ecological data and information of high utility to reduce the risk of envenomation to the public, but also detected boney fishes, sharks and marine reptiles. We conclude that StingerCams are an effective way of collecting data to determine the range of physical conditions that jellyfish can tolerate and this information can be used in predictive models; especially given a global focus on climate change.
Evidence is accumulating that many marine ectotherms are undergoing rapid changes in their life-history characteristics. These changes have been variously attributed to fisheries-induced evolution, inhibited adult growth rate due to oxygen limitation at higher temperatures, and plastic responses to density dependence or changes in ocean productivity. Here, we review the diverse underlying mechanisms by which plastic and evolutionary responses to climate change and fisheries are likely to produce similar life-history trends in harvested marine ectotherms, leading to faster life-histories with earlier maturation and smaller adult size-at-age. While mechanistically understanding these growth and maturation changes may be difficult, it is becoming clear that changing life-histories will lead to modified population dynamics, productivity and natural mortality of the affected species. We discuss how the observed and expected life-history changes could affect the assumptions and uncertainty within single and multispecies models currently used in marine ecosystem management, highlighting that models which allow for dynamic life-history traits often report significantly different estimates of stock biomass. Given that both climate- and harvest-induced life-history changes are likely to intensify and possibly amplify each other, there is an urgent need to adequately assess the implications of faster life-histories for marine ecosystem management. This is especially true for data-poor stocks, where growth and maturation are not regularly assessed. Targeted monitoring can be used to inform responsive management, but for improved sustainability outcomes, a precautionary approach to management that is robust to life-history trends is advised.
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