The Effect of the Demographics of Individual Households on Their Telephone Usage
... The widespread use of the mobile phone for emotive calls however seems to be somewhat in the future. The legacy of expensive airtime and the emphasis on simple "telegraphic" types of calls is likely to linger in the backs of some users minds for decades to come as indeed it has with the traditional telephone (Brandon 1981). However, following from the notion that the adoptions of technologies follow various career paths, one can suggest that as the mobile phone becomes more common in society, one will see more of this type of use. ...
... Such gender differences, first observed in face-to-face behavior, have already been found to carry over to ways in which men and women use the telephone (Noble, 1987). Women, for example, are more frequent users of the telephone than men (e.g., Brandon, 1980;Lacohée & Andreson, 2000;Walker, 1994). Men use the phone more instrumentally than women do. ...
Do the gender differences found when men and women maintain personal relationships in person and on the phone also emerge when they use electronic mail? Alternately, does e-mail change these ways of interacting? The authors explore the types of relationships women and men maintain by e-mail, differences in their e-mail use locally and at a distance, and differ ences in the contents of messages they send. The findings are based on qualitative and quan titative data collected during a 4-year period. These data suggest that using e-mail to com municate with relatives and friends replicates preexisting gender differences. Compared to men, women find e-mail contact with friends and family more gratifying. Women are more likely than men to maintain kin relationships by e-mail. They are more likely than men to use e-mail to keep in touch with people who live far away. Women's messages sent to people far away are more filled with personal content and are more likely to be exchanged in intense burst. The fit between women's expressive styles and the features of e-mail seems to be mak ing it especially easy for women to expand their distant social networks.
... This appears to be the only local usage study using census data. Brandon (1981) reports results of a study of 513 households in Chicago, relating the Box-Cox transforms of the number of calls, the average duration, and the total conversation time, to the number of males and females in different age classes, dummy variables related to income levels, ethnicity, employment status of head of household and spouse, occupation, length of residency, and various interaction terms. However, the estimated models turn out to have poor explanatory power (R 2 = 0.054→0.195). ...
... Les résultats qui seront présentés ne seront donc représentatifs que des seules pratiques téléphoniques domestiques des citadins. Il est néanmoins comparable aux échantillons enquêtes à Chicago et à Cincinnati (Brandon, 1981 ;Infosino, 1980). L'échantillon enquêté, bien que représentatif de la population urbaine abonnée, est relativement petit. ...
A l'heure du developpement des nouvelles technologies et services de telecommunications grand public, s' interesser au telephone plus que centenaire pourrait paraitre relever de l archaisme, de l'histoire ou du tourisme intellectuel. Et pourtant, nous connaissons finalement peu de choses de l'usage domestique du telephone. Qui telephone ? Avec quels correspondants ? Pour quels motifs ? Par dela la diversite des communications, est-il possible d'identifier des pratiques telephoniques differenciees ? Telles sont les principales questions auxquelles cette contribution s'efforce de repondre, sur la base de l'analyse des resultats d'une enquete quantitative. Les effets de la sociabilite et des reseaux de relations sur la consommation et les usages sont egalement analyses. Au-dela, l'etude des pratiques telephoniques, objet de cette recherche, se revele etre un excellent outil, tout a la fois heuristique et deformant, pour l'analyse des societes contemporaines.
... This appears to be the only local usage study using census data. Brandon (1981) reports results of a study of 513 households in Chicago, relating the Box-Cox transforms of the number of calls, the average duration, and the total conversation time, to the number of males and females in different age classes, dummy variables related to income levels, ethnicity, employment status of head of household and spouse, occupation, length of residency, and various interaction terms. However, the estimated models turn out to have poor explanatory power (R 2 = 0.05460.195). ...
Telecommunication systems carry information over space, in the same way as transportation systems carry goods and people. In both cases, these movements are necessary to complete economic and social transactions, and can be viewed as derived demands. Telecommunication flows analysis may therefore provide empirical insights into the patterns of spatial interactions between individuals, businesses, cities, regions, and countries. Various modeling techniques have been used, with real-world data and at various geographical scales, by economists, geographers, and other social scientists to better understand these patterns. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the literature dealing with telecommunication flows, focusing on both modeling techniques and empirical applications and results. This review is organized along different geographical scales: local, regional, and international.
... We also tested predictions about variation among family members and about the influence of family members on one another. Adult woman and teenagers of both genders are the heaviest users of the residential telephone (Brandon 1980). Women, as part of their sex-role obligations, often take responsibility for maintaining the family's social networks ; women also say they enjoy talking on the phone and think the phone is especially helpful for socializing (Dimmick et al. 1994). ...
... We also tested predictions about variation among family members and about the influence of family members on one another. Adult woman and teenagers of both genders are the heaviest users of the residential telephone (Brandon 1980). Women, as part of their sex-role obligations, often take responsibility for maintaining the family's social networks; women also say they enjoy talking on the phone and think the phone is especially helpful for socializing (Dimmick et al. 1994). ...
the Internet a superhighway to information or a high-tech extension of the home tele- phone? We address this question by operationalizing information acquisition and enter- tainment as the use of the World Wide Web and interpersonal communication as the use of electronic mail (e-mail), and examine how 229 members of 110 households used these services during their first year on the Internet. The results show that e-mail drives people's use of the Internet. Participants used e-mail in more Internet sessions and more consistently than they used the World Wide Web, and they used e-mail first in sessions where they used both. Participants used the Internet more after they had used e-mail heavily, but they used the Internet less after they had used the Web heavily. While participants' use of both e-mail and the Web declined with time, the decline in Web use was steeper. Those who used e-mail more than they used the Web were also more likely to continue using the Internet over the course of a year. Our findings have implications for engineering and policies for the Internet and, more generally, for studies of the social impact of new technology.
... These constituted one principal component, so were used to create an overall mean scale of RFID Health Care Services. Physical distance to family and friends has long been considered important determinants of telecommunications usage[32]. As well, this aspect of social relationships plays a critical role in both health care delivery and outcomes[33]. ...
A 2007 national public opinion survey of 1404 Americans revealed variations in sentiments concerning the desirability of several mobile healthcare technologies based on RFID. The survey appears to be the first reasonably national public opinion survey of US adults concerning their attitudes towards mobile healthcare technology. The survey revealed high levels of interest in emergency intervention services, but much less so in health information and monitoring services. Interest in RFID personal medical technology was positively associated with high levels of trust in others and social support. At the same time, a small minority were negatively disposed towards such applications. In those cases, the negative sentiment appears heightened when the mobile healthcare application is offered in a modality attached to the body as opposed to a somewhat more physically remote option, i.e., attached to one's cell phone.
... The results reported here are transformed so that they can be interpreted in this manner. 8, 1978 Infosino, 1980; Brandon, 1981; Alleman et al., 1983; Bodnar et al., 1988 Taylor and Kridel, 1990; Bodnar et al., 1988 positive and significantly different from zero at the 5% level. That is, subscription interest increases as the number of children in the household under 15 years increases. ...
There has been considerable debate in Australia concerning the social and economies effects of telecommunications carrier investment in broadband network infrastructure. Whether particular groups within networked communities are unable or unwilling to subscribe to broadband services is an important policy issue. This paper sets oat to identify metropolitan households that are less likely to subscribe to services and examines whether there exists a systematic link between subscription interest and measures of social disadvantage Analysis of stated-preference subscription intentions data, obtained from an Australia-wide survey of 715 households, shows that there is potential for the news communication technology to create information inequality. Copyright 1996 by Oxford University Press.
... Variables developed here are based on the notions of social disadvantage considered above and previous studies of network access (in particular Infosino, 1980; Brandon, 1981; Perl, 1983; Bodnar et al., 1988; Taylor and Kridel, 1990). The list of variables developed for inclusion in the econometric model are listed below inTable 9. ...
The broadband plans deployed by governments have not benefited so far from substantive theoretical or empirical economic insights on the relative effectiveness of alternative combinations of policy interventions (on which more will be said in the next section). This paper make a first attempt at filling this gap by exploring whether some (set of) policy tools has so far proven to be more effective than others. We collected detailed data on the policies adopted by 21 OECD countries and perform a cross-country analysis. Our evidence suggests the relevance of the institutional environment form one side and the importance of demand-side interventions from the other. Interventions on the supply side appear to be less effective on broadband diffusion than those on the demand side
... Such gender differences, first observed in face-to-face behavior, have already been found to carry over to ways in which men and women use the telephone (Noble, 1987). Women, for example, are more frequent users of the telephone than men (e.g., Brandon, 1980;Lacohée & Andreson, 2000;Walker, 1994). Men use the phone more instrumentally than women do. ...
Do the gender differences found when men and women maintain personal relationships in person and on the phone also emerge when they use electronic mail? Alternately, does email changes these ways of interacting? We explore the types of relationships women and men maintain by e-mail, differences in their e-mail use locally and at a distance, and differences in the contents of messages they send. Our findings are based on both qualitative and quantitative data collected over a four-year period. These data suggest that using e-mail to communicate with relatives and friends replicates pre-existing gender differences. Compared to men, women find e-mail contact with friends and family gratifying. Women are more likely than men to maintain kin relationships by e-mail. Women's messages sent to people far away are more filled with personal content, and are more likely to be exchanged in intense burst. They are more likely than men to use e-mail to keep in touch with people who live far away. Th...
The demand for local telephone calls varies among households. This paper develops models, based on limited data from California and Cincinnati, which predict the demand for local calls from household characteristics. The models enable one to stratify a metropolitan area into regions of expected high, low, and medium telephone demand and thus provide a mechanism for efficiently estimating the demand in a metropolitan area from the demand of a sample of telephone customers in the area. Although the data and models are too limited to establish definite causal relationships, the models suggest that the demand for local calls might be related to the number of people in the household and the age and sex of the household head. Furthermore, while there is some ambiguity between the California and Cincinnati results, there is also the suggestion that local call demand might be related to income, the race of the household head, and the telephone density in the wire center.
Method
Does Email Perpetuate Gender Differences In Relational Maintenance?Discussion and Conclusions
Recent work on gender and technology debunks the claim that household technologies have liberated women from domestic work. The history of telephone use in North America suggests, however, that global conclusions about gender and consumer technologies may be misleading. Although marketed primarily as a business instrument and secondarily as an instrument to facilitate housework, the telephone was, in a sense, appropriated by women for social and personal ends. This paper explores the affinity of women for the telephone, how women in the half-century before World War II used the telephone, and why. It suggests that there is a class of technologies that women have exploited for their own, gender-linked, social and personal ends.
The broadband plans deployed by governments have not benefited so far from substantive theoretical or empirical economic insights on the relative effectiveness of alternative combinations of policy interventions (on which more will be said in the next section). This paper make a first attempt at filling this gap by exploring whether some (set of) policy tools has so far proven to be more effective than others. We collected detailed data on the policies adopted by 21 OECD countries and perform a cross-country analysis. Our evidence suggests the relevance of the institutional environment form one side and the importance of demand-side interventions from the other. Interventions on the supply side appear to be less effective on broadband diffusion than those on the demand side
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