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Identification of Western Palearctic Dolichomitus species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae)

January 2010
Entomologische Berichten 70(4):111-127

Authors:

Illustrated identification keys for both males and females of Western Palearctic Dolichomitus species are presented. Dolichomitus excavatus, D. milleri and D. quercicolus are described as new species. Dolichomitus mesocentrus afghanator Aubert, is raised to species level: D. afghanator Aubert, 1984. Based on examination of holotypes the following synonymies are established: Paucdolichomitus baiamarensis Constantineanu & Pisica, 1970 and Paucdolichomitus birnovensis Constantineanu & Pisica, 1970 are junior synonyms of D. pterelas (Say, 1829); Dolichomitus mucronatus Constantineanu & Pisica, 1970 is a junior synonym of D. terebrans (Ratzeburg, 1844); Dolichomitus romanicus Constantineanu & Pisica, 1970 is a junior synonym of D. agnoscendus (Roman, 1939); Ephialtes speciosus Hellén, 1915 is considered to be a junior synonym of D. cognator (Thunberg, 1824).

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111 entomologische berichten

70 (4) 2010

Introduction

The genus Dolichomitus Smith, 1877 (Pimplinae: Ephialtini) com-

prises 27 species in the Western Palearctic region (Yu et al. 2005).

The specialized structure of the ovipositor (box 1) plays a promi-

nent role in identification keys and some keys only permit the

identification of females. Previous keys (Townes & Townes 1960,

Constantineanu & Pisica 1970, Kasparyan 1981, Fitton et al. 1998,

Mevi-Schütz et al. 2006) do not include all Western Palearctic

species and some of them treat females only. This paper pre-

sents keys for both males and females, three new species are

described and five new synonymies are established. One sub-

species is raised to species level.

Imaging techniques

The illustrations were made in the course of a few years in the

Zoologische Staatssammlung München (ZSM) and are the result

of stacking photography, mainly with two types of equipment.

(i) The ovipositor photos were made with an Olympus SZX12

stereomicroscope with manual focusing (Camera: Jenoptik Prog

Res C12 with Prog Res Capturepro 2.5 capture software). The

required diffuse illumination was provided by an energy saving

lamp, a Philips Master PL Electronic 27 W. (ii) The pictures of the

male valves were taken with a Keyence VHX600 Digital Micro-

scope, with objective VH-220 and built-in diffuse illumination.

Stacking of the individual photographs was done with Combi-

neZM software (see http://www.hadleyweb.pwp.blueyonder.

co.uk/). Additional photo editing was done with GIMP (see

http://www.gimp.org).

Systematics

Dolichomitus females are not the only pimpline species with long

ovipositors; some species of other genera share this character

and can easily be mistaken for a Dolichomitus species. In general

the other genera lack the typical oblique basolateral furrows

on the second metasomal tergite, or they show very weak fur-

rows. Genera which are most likely to be mistaken for Dolicho-

mitus can be recognised as follows: (i) Atractogaster: facial orbits

and malar space between mandible and compound eye yellow

(black in Dolichomitus) and metasoma matt, without punctation.

(ii) Ephialtes: characterized by a very broad clypeus which is

about three times as wide as high, red-brown in females and

yellowish in males. In females the first tergite is about half as

long as the second tergite (in Dolichomitus about equally long).

In males the fore wing costa, and only the costa, is covered

with long curled setae from base to pterostigma. (iii) Liotryphon:

upper valve of ovipositor with minute teeth at apex. Lower valve

does not enclose the upper valve.

Townesia tenuiventris, Paraperithous gnathaulax and Liotryphon

strobilellae are included in the keys because they resemble

Dolichomitus species more closely then the species of the above

mentioned genera.

Keys to Dolichomitus species

The following abbreviations are used in the keys:

Fwl = length of fore wing in mm, measured from the edge of

the tegula to the apex of the wing.

Ha = upper hind angle of pronotum.

Htrs3/flg1 = length of segment 3 of hind tarsus divided by

the length of the first flagellomere.

Htrs5/3 = length of last segment of hind tarsus divided by

segment 3.

Lwfem3 = length of the hind femur, divided by its greatest

width in lateral view.

Lwtrg1 = length of tergite 1 divided by apical width. The

length is taken in lateral view from the subbasal position

Identification of Western Palearctic

Dolichomitus species (Hymenoptera:

Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae)

Kees Zwakhals

KEY WORDS

Dolichomitus, Europe, identification key

Entomologische Berichten 70 (4): 111-127

Illustrated identification keys for both males and females of Western

Palearctic Dolichomitus species are presented. Dolichomitus excavatus,

D. milleri and D. quercicolus are described as new species. Dolichomitus

mesocentrus afghanator Aubert, is raised to species level: D. afghanator

Aubert, 1984. Based on examination of holotypes the following

synonymies are established: Paucdolichomitus baiamarensis

Constantineanu & Pisica, 1970 and Paucdolichomitus birnovensis

Constantineanu & Pisica, 1970 are junior synonyms of D. pterelas

(Say, 1829); Dolichomitus mucronatus Constantineanu & Pisica, 1970

is a junior synonym of D. terebrans (Ratzeburg, 1844); Dolichomitus

romanicus Constantineanu & Pisica, 1970 is a junior synonym of

D. agnoscendus (Roman, 1939); Ephialtes speciosus Hellén, 1915 is

considered to be a junior synonym of D. cognator (Thunberg, 1824).

112 entomologische berichten

70 (4) 2010

where the height of the petiole is minimal, to the apex of the

segment. In other tergites it is the maximum length divided

by the apical width.

Ovp/fw = length of ovipositor sheath divided by the length of

the fore wing.

Trg1/fem3 = length of tergite 1 divided by the length of the

hind femur.

Trg1/htrs1 = length of tergite 1 divided by the length of the

first segment of the hind tarsus.

The relative length of the flagellum is presented as: ‘Flag 33-35:

trg3-4’. This means: flagellum with 33 to 35 articles and as long

as mesosoma + tergites 1 to 3 or 4. Extra information which

further confirms the identification of a species but which is not

unique in the context of a couplet is given in a smaller type-

face. The values given for the relative magnitudes represent the

‘normal’ range as measured in specimens with a ‘normal’ size.

In exceptionally small or large specimens these values can be

outside the range as given here.

A: Females

The ovipositor consists of a central upper valve and two lower

valves which apically partly enclose the upper valve. The two

lower valves can move longitudinally with respect to the upper

valve and to one another. In Dolichomitus the lower valve has a

subapical dorsal lobe that partly encloses the upper valve. This

extension represents a widening of the ovipositor (best seen

in dorsal view) and is usually well delimited both basally and

apically (cf. figure 7). In a few species the lobe is not delimited

apically but gradually develops into the apical teeth (cf. figure

10). On this dorsal lobe, two different transverse structures can

be present: grooves and ridges. Grooves are deepenings in the

surface of the lobe, reach the dorsal edge of the lobe and cross

through this edge (cf. figures 8, 9). The number and shape of

the grooves is an important character in the identification of

the females. At the distal end the lobe is usually delimited by

a groove of variable dorsal extension. Though this groove does

not always reach the upper edge of the lobe it is included in

the number of grooves given in the key. In some species, espe-

cially in the imperator group, there are also a few ridges on the

Box 1

Dolichomitus species

In general, the body of Dolichomitus species is

black and the legs are red. Most Dolichomitus

species are ectoparasitoids of xylophagous

Coleoptera larvae, usually Cerambycidae. In

order to reach the concealed host the Dolicho-

mitus female is equipped with a long oviposi-

tor. At rest the ovipositor is covered by a pair

of sheaths. They are used for the location of

the drilling position. The ovipositor consists

of a central part and two attached sliding

parts (valves) which can move longitudinally

with respect to the central part (Lyngnes

1960). At the end of the lower valves, special

tooth-like structures and grooves are pre-

sent that support the penetration process

into the wood where the host larva lives.

Penetration takes place by alternating push

and pull movements of the two lower valves,

a process which is usually called ‘drilling’.

During drilling the sheaths do not enter

the wood and they can be kept in various

positions. Sometimes they remain near the

entrance spot, sometimes they are pointed

upward. With their rather large and slender

appearance and the long ovipositor, the

females are conspicuous and comprise some

of the largest Pimplinae. Therefore, they can

easily be observed when drilling into the

wood. Males, however, are much smaller and

inconspicuous and this probably contributes

to their relative scarcity in entomological

collections.

A Dolichomitus species (possibly D. mesocentrus).

Photo: Cor Zonneveld

Een Dolichomitus -soort (mogelijk D. mesocentrus).

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70 (4) 2010

1 Dorsal lobe with only one convexly bent groove at the apex and a ridge at base (figures 1-3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

– Dorsal lobe with more (straight) grooves cf. figures 4, 7, 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 Flagellum short, with 21-25 articles and at most as long as mesosoma + tergites 1+2. Dorsal lobe with a strong,

reclivous front edge and a strong parallel ridge giving the impression of a double front edge (figure 1).

Tergites 2 and 3 closely punctate without aciculation. Propodeum without well defined median longitudinal carinae. Lower

tooth of mandible often slightly longer than upper tooth. Pterostigma variable. Trg1 weakly rugulose. Head parallel to buccate.

Ha black. Fwl = 7-17.5. Lwtrg1 = 1.3-1.6. Lwtrg2 = 1.0-1.3. Trg1/htrs1 = 1. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.9. Lwfem3 = 4.9-5.3. Htrs3/flg1 = 1.0-

1.3. Htrs5/3 = 0.7-0.9.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. curticornis (Perkins, 1943)

– Flagellum with at least 30 articles. Front edge of lobe simple or absent (figures 2, 3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 Tergites 2 and 3 minutely punctate and with fine aciculation. Propodeum with strong median longitudinal carinae

over about 0.6 × its length. Segment 3 of hind tarsus 0.9-1.3 × as long as first flagellomere. Ovipositor 1.7-2.2 × as

long as fore wing. Pterostigma fuscous. Flagellum with 34-39 flagellomeres and as long as mesosoma + tergites 1-2(3).

Trg1 rugulose. Head narrowed. Front edge rather strong (figure 2). Fwl = 11.0-21.0. Lwtrg1 = 1.8-2.3. Lwtrg2 = 1.4-1.9. Trg1/htrs1 =

0.9-1.0. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-1.0. Lwfem3 = 5.2-6.4. Htrs5/3 = 0.5-0.8.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. imperator (Kriechbaumer, 1854)

– Tergites 2 and 3 closely punctate without aciculation. Combined area basalis and area superomedia smooth, wit-

hout well defined median longitudinal carinae. Segment 3 of hind tarsus 0.7-0.8 × as long as first flagellomere.

Ovipositor 1.1-1.4 × as long as fore wing. Pterostigma yellowish-grey. Flagellum with 30-34 flagellomeres and as

long as mesosoma + tergites 1-3(4).

Trg1 punctate in apical half. Head parallel to buccate. Front edge rather weak (figure 3). Fwl 10.5-14.8. Lwtrg1 = 1.6-1.9(2.2).

Lwtrg2 = 1.0-1.2. Trg1/htrs1 = 0.9-1.1. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.9. Lwfem3 = 5.1-5.4. Htrs5/3 = 0.9-1.1.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. pterelas (Say, 1829)

4 Dorsal lobe on ventral valve with only 1 or 2 inclivous grooves (figures 4, 5)

Dorsal valve with minute teeth apically . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

– Dorsal lobe on ventral valve with at least 3 grooves which are usually vertical or reclivous (figures 6, 8, 23) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5 Dorsal lobe with 2 grooves (figure 4). Coxae red. Head with temples strongly narrowed in dorsal view. Tergite 2

densely punctate, distance between punctures usually less than their diameter. Ovipositor 2.4-2.7 × as long as fore

wing. First tergite 1.6-2.1 × as long as wide. Segment 5 of hind tarsus 0.6-0.7 × as long as segment 3. Nervulus usu-

ally basal of basal vein.

Fwl = 10.5-12.3. Lwtrg2 = 1.9-2.1. Trg1/htrs1 = 0.8-0.9. Trg1/fem3 = 0.5-0.6. Lwfem3 = 6.3-7.1. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.8-0.9. Flag 33-35: trg3-4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Townesia tenuiventris (Holmgren, 1860)

– Dorsal lobe with 1 groove and a strong front edge (figure 5). Coxae black. Head with temples parallel to buccate

in dorsal view. Tergite 2 rather sparsely punctate, distance between punctures equal to their diameter. Metasoma

rather polished. Ovipositor 1.9 × as long as fore wing. First tergite 1.5 as long as wide. Segment 5 of hind tarsus 1.2-

1.3 as long as segment 3. Nervulus opposite basal vein.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liotryphon strobilellae (Linnaeus, 1758)

6 Mandible coarsely longitudinally striate. Head with temples strongly narrowed in dorsal view, cf. figure 60. Dorsal

valve with minute teeth apically. Dorsal lobe with 3 slightly inclivous grooves (figure 6).

Pterostigma with fuscous front margin, greyish centrally. Fwl = 7.6-13. Ovp/fw = 1.5-1.7. Lwtrg1 = 1.5-1.7. Lwtrg2 = 1.1-1.3. Trg1/

htrs1 = 1.1-1.2. Trg1/fem3 = 0.6-0.7. Lwfem3 = 4.5-5.0. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-0.8. Htrs5/3 = 1.2-1.3. Flag 28-34: trg(0.5-1)x3.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paraperithous gnathaulax (Thomson, 1877)

– Mandible weakly sculptured, not coarsely striate. Head with temples less strongly narrowed. Dorsal valve without

teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

7 Ovp/fw at least 2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

– Ovp/fw at most 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

8 Metasoma densely punctate. Dorsal lobe with 7 vertical grooves (figure 7). Pterostigma yellowish. Median longi-

tudinal carinae about 0.4 × as long as propodeum.

Frons trans-striate. Femur 3, tibia 3 and tars 3 red, not fuscous Fwl = 14.5-20. Ovp/fw = 2.7-3.4. Lwtrg1 = 1.6-1.9. Lwtrg2 = 1.1-1.3.

Trg1/htrs1 = 0.9-1.0. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.7-5.5. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-0.8. Htrs5/3 = 1.3-1.4. Flag 41-45: trg0.5x5-0.5x6.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. atratus (Rudow, 1881)

– Metasoma finely transverse aciculate. Stigma brown-fuscous. Median longitudinal carinae weak or absent . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

9 Dorsal lobe well delimited apically and with 3 grooves (figure 8). Ventral valve with minute tubercles over its entire

length (look for these with the ovipositor tip pointing to the light source). Ovipositor 2.6-3.2 × as long as fore wing.

First tergite 1.0-1.1 × as long as first segment of hind tarsus. Tergites 2 and 3 elongate. Median longitudinal carinae

sometimes present as more or less well developed ridges.

Fwl = 11.5-15.3. Ovp/fw = 2.6-3.2. Lwtrg1 = 1.5-1.8. Lwtrg2 = 1.1-1.5. Trg1/fem3 = 0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.0-5.3. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.6-0.8.

Htrs5/3 = 1.1-1.4. Flag 34-35: trg3-4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. aciculatus (Hellén, 1915)

basal part of the dorsal lobe (cf figures 1-3). In addition to these

ridges, in some species the basal limit of the widening lobe

itself can give the impression of a sharp edge but this can also

depend on the angle of illumination of the specimen (cf. figures

1, 10, 16) and in other species the lobe just widens gradually and

presents no extra structure at its front (cf. figure 22). In counting

the grooves this front edge, when present, is not included in the

number of grooves given in the key. Beyond the dorsal lobe the

lower valve bears a number of teeth which become gradually

smaller towards the apex of the ovipositor.

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70 (4) 2010

Dorsal lobe gradually tapering, not delimited apically and with a sharp front edge (figure 10). Ventral valve smooth.

Ovipositor 3.7-5.6 × as long as fore wing. First tergite 0.7-0.8 as long as first segment of hind tarsus. Tergites 2 and 3

square – transverse. Median longitudinal carinae absent.

Fwl = 10.5-17.0. Ovp/fw = 3.7-5.4. Lwtrg1 = 1.3-1.5. Lwtrg2 = 0.8-1.0. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.3-4.6. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.8-0.9.

Htrs5/3 = 1.0-1.1. Flag 35-38: trg4-5.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. cephalotes (Holmgren, 1860)

10 Lower tooth of mandible longer than upper tooth AND basal grooves on dorsal lobe strongly reclivous (figures 11-18) . . . . . 11

– Lower tooth of mandible as long as upper tooth OR grooves vertical or inclivous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

11 Propodeum and metasoma polished, almost without punctation. First tergite 2.6-2.9 × as long as wide.

Ha brown. Head parallel. Frons smooth. Dorsal lobe weakly delimited (figure 11). Combined area basalis and area superomedia

smooth without well defined median longitudinal carinae. Fwl = 13.2-14.4. Ovp/fw = 1.7-1.9. Lwtrg2 = 1.9-2.1. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.0-

1.2. Trg1/fem3 = 0.9. Lwfem3 = 6.2-6.3. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.9-1.0. Htrs5/3 = 0.7-0.8. Flag 32: trg(0.5-1)x2.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. nitidus (Haupt, 1954)

– Metasoma punctate. First tergite at most 2.4 × as long as wide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

12 Upper hind corner of pronotum with a yellow line.

Pterostigma fuscous. Head with frons and vertex, mesoscutum and scutellum densely punctate. First tergite evenly convex and

evenly closely punctate over its entire surface. Dorsal lobe with 3 grooves and a strong front edge (figures 12-13 ). Tegulae yellow . . . . 13

– Upper hind corner of pronotum black or with a yellow spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

13 Upper hind corner of pronotum with yellow line only along its upper edge. Metasoma black. Head with temples

parallel. All coxae red. Dorsal lobe see figure 12. Median longitudinal carinae of propodeum present as ridges of

variable development, from 0.6 × propodeum to absent.

Fwl = 7.0-11.8. Ovp/fw = 1.4-2.1. Lwtrg1 = 1.2-1.4. Lwtrg2 = 0.9-1.3. Trg1/htrs1 = 0.9-1.1. Trg1/fem3 = 0.6-0.7. Lwfem3 = 4.7-5.6.

Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-0.9. Htrs5/3 = 0.8-1.0(1.2). Flag 24-28: trg(0.3-1)x3.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. kriechbaumeri (Schulz, 1906)

– Upper hind corner of pronotum yellow in upper third. Metasoma orange-red. Tergites 2-4 black in apical 0.2. Head

with temples roundly constricted in dorsal view. Fore and middle coxae and all trochanters and trochantelli yel-

low, hind coxa red. Dorsal lobe see figure 13. Combined area basalis and area superomedia rather smooth without

well defined median longitudinal carinae.

Tibia 3 reddish-fuscous. Fwl = 9.6. Ovp/fw = 1.5. Lwtrg1 = 1.4. Lwtrg2 = 1.1. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.06. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7. Lwfem3 = 5.14.

Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7. Htrs5/3 = 1.06. Flag 28: trg2. Madeira.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. lateralis (Wollaston, 1858)

14 Lower tooth of mandible blunt and very large (figure 61). Dorsal lobe with a strong front edge and not delimited

apically, with all grooves strongly reclivous (figures 14, 15). Head slightly buccate in dorsal view (cf. figure 63).

Pterostigma fuscous. Median longitudinal carinae present over about 0.25 of propodeum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

– Lower tooth of mandible pointed and smaller. Dorsal lobe well differentiated apically. Only basal grooves reclivous

(figures 16-18).

Pterostigma greyish to fuscous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

15 Upper hind angle of pronotum black. Tegula fuscous to black. Frons trans-striate. Mesoscutum and scutellum clo-

sely punctate. Tergites 2-5 completely closely punctate over their entire surface, punctures touching one another,

dull. Hind coxa with dorsal depression at apex only. Dorsal lobe see figure 14. Flagellum with 30-32 articles and as

long as mesosoma + tergites 1- 2(3).

Fwl = 11.5-12.8. Ovp/fw = 1.4-1.6. Lwtrg1 = 1.2-1.4. Lwtrg2 = 0.9-1.0. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.0-1.2. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 3.9-4.4.

Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-0.9 Htrs5/3 = 1.0-1.1.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. mordator (Aubert, 1965)

(If first tergite evenly convex and evenly closely punctate over its entire surface, lwfem3 = 4.7-5.6 and mesopleurum densely

punctate cf. kriechbaumeri without yellow line in upper hind angle of pronotum).

– Upper hind angle of pronotum yellow. Tegula yellowish. Frons smooth, shiny. Mesoscutum and scutellum smooth,

virtually impunctate. Tergite 2 punctate only in basal half and distance between punctures about equal to their

diameter. Tergites 3 and 4 in apical half impunctate, polished. Hind coxa with dorsal longitudinal depression from

apex to base. Dorsal lobe see figure 15. Flagellum with 37 articles and as long as mesosoma + tergites 1-4.

Fwl = 9.2-10.7. Ovp/fw = 1.5-1.6. Lwtrg1 = 1.3. Lwtrg2 = 1. Trg1/htrs1 = 1. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7. Lwfem3 = 3.9-4.0. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.8.

Htrs5/3 = 1.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. milleri n. sp.

16 Dorsal lobe with 3 grooves and a strong front edge (figures 16, 17). Propodeum without median longitudinal cari-

nae. First tergite closely punctate in apical half of median part and on lateral part.

Coxae, trochanters and trochantelli red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

– Dorsal lobe with 4 grooves (figures 18, 27). Median longitudinal carinae about 0.6 × as long as propodeum. First

tergite at most punctate in apical half of median part and rugulose on lateral part.

Pterostigma fuscous. Head with temples parallel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

17 Nervellus usually vertical and intercepted at or slightly above the middle. Dorsal lobe weakly separated from api-

cal teeth, as in figure 16. Head with temples convexly narrowed in dorsal view. Pterostigma greyish at the centre

Tergites 1-4 elongate. Tibia 3 usually fuscous, sometimes with basal 0.1 cream. Frons smooth - trans-striate. Ha yellow. Fwl = 5.5-

10.5. Ovp/fw = 1.2-1.9. Lwtrg1 = (1.3)1.6-2.3. Lwtrg2 = 1.1-1.8. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.0-1.2. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8(1.0). Lwfem3 = (4.7)5.1-6.3.

Htrs3/flg1 = 0.6-0.9. Htrs5/3 = 0.8-1.1. Flag 23-29: trg2-0.5x3.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. agnoscendus (Roman, 1939)

(If dorsal lobe not differentiated apically, tergites 2-4 square and trg1 shorter than trg2: cf. terebrans)

115 entomologische berichten

70 (4) 2010

1-29. Ovipositor tips in lateral view / Einden van ovipositors in lateral aanzicht 1. Dolichomitus curticornis, 2. D. imperator, 3. D. pterelas, 4. Townesia

tenuiventris; 5. Liotryphon strobilellae, 6. Paraperithous gnathaulax, 7. D. atratus, 8. D. aciculatus, 9 D. aciculatus dorsal view, 10. D. cephalotes,

11. D. nitidus, 12. D. kriechbaumeri, 13. D. lateralis, 14. D. mordator, 15. D. milleri n. sp., 16. D. agnoscendus, 17. D. dobrogensis, 18. D. quercicolus n. sp.,

19. D. terebrans, 20. D. sericeus, 21. D. tuberculatus, 22. D. populneus, 23. D. messor, 24. D. cognator, 25. D. diversicostae, 26. D. mesocentrus, 27. D. dux,

28. D. scutellaris, 29. D. mesocentrus ? (see text). Photos: C.J. Zwakhals

116

116 entomologische berichten

70 (4) 2010

– Nervellus strongly reclivous, its upper end far more distad than its lower end and intercepted at its upper third.

Dorsal lobe with 2 angled, reclivous grooves at base and 1 apical inclivous groove (figure 17). Head with temples

parallel to buccate in dorsal view. Pterostigma fuscous.

Ha yellow-brown. Tibia 3 infuscate. Frons slightly punctate. Fwl = 8.5-15.3. Ovp/fw = 1.7-2.1. Lwtrg1 = 1.7-2.2. Lwtrg2 = 1.4-1.7.

Trg1/htrs1 = 0.9-1.1. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 5.5-6.2. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-0.8. Htrs5/3 = 0.8-1.0. Flag 28-32: trg2-0.5x3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. dobrogensis Constantineanu & Pisica, 1970

18 All trochanters and trochantelli red. Basal grooves on dorsal lobe strongly reclivous (figure 18). Upper hind corner

of pronotum yellow. Median raised part of first tergite rather flat and more or less densely punctate. Tibia 3 fuscous.

Front edge variable. Coxa3 red. Fwl = 8.1-17. 0. Ovp/fw = 1.4-1.8. Lwtrg1 = 1.5-1.9. Lwtrg2 = 1.1-1.5. Trg1/htrs1 = 0.9-1.0. Trg1/fem3

= 0.7-0.9. Lwfem3 = 4.7-5.5. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-0.9. Htrs5/3 = 0.9-1.1. Flag 31-36: trg3-0.5x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. quercicolus n. sp.

– Trochanters and trochantelli yellow. Basal grooves on dorsal lobe weakly inclivous (figure 27). Upper hind corner of

pronotum black. Median raised part of tergite 1 weakly concave and rugulo-punctate, laterally bounded by rather

weak, rounded ridges (figure 62). Tibia 3 fuscous with cream base.

Front edge absent. Coxa 3 red to black. Fwl = 13.3-16.5. Ovp/fw = 1.5-1.7. Lwtrg1 = 1.5-1.8. Lwtrg2 = 1.1-1.3. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.1-1.2.

Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 5.1-6.0. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.6-0.8. Htrs5/3 = 0.9-1.1. Flag 34-36: trg0.5x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. dux (Tschek, 1869)

19(10) Dorsal lobe with 3-4 reclivous grooves, not differentiated apically, gradually tapering to apical teeth (figure 19).

Nervellus vertical, usually broken slightly above the middle. Metasoma from tergite 2 with tergites square.

Pterostigma fuscous, sometimes grey at centre. Ha black. Head parallel – constricted. Median longitudinal carinae 0.4 × propo-

deum. Tergite 1 rugulose laterally. Fwl = 5.5-10.7. Ovp/fw = 1.1-1.4. Lwtrg1 = 1.0-1.4. Lwtrg2 = 0.6-0.8. Trg1/htrs1 = 0.9-1.1. Trg1/

fem3 = 0.6-0.7. Lwfem3 = 4.8-5.3. Htrs3/flg1 = (0.6) 0.7-0.8. Htrs5/3 = 1.0-1.1. Flag 27-32: trg3-4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. terebrans (Ratzeburg, 1844)

(If tergites 2-4 elongate, first tergite both laterally and in apical half of median raised part closely punctate, dorsal lobe weakly

differentiated (figure 16) and head with temples convexly narrowed, cf. agnoscendus)

– Dorsal lobe well delimited apically. Nervellus reclivous, broken at its upper third . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

20 Dorsal lobe with at least 5 grooves (see figures 20-24) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

– Dorsal lobe with 3-4 grooves (see figures 25-28).

Median longitudinal carinae 0.6 × propodeum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

21 Pterostigma fuscous and prepectal carina extending to front edge of mesopleurum.

Tergite 1 with median raised area punctate or rugulose. Median longitudinal carinae 0.6 × propodeum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

– Pterostigma pale yellowish and prepectal carina ending at lower edge of pronotum.

Tergite 1 with median raised area punctate. Median longitudinal carinae variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

22 Mesopleurum with very long, dense setae. Dorsal lobe with 5 grooves and ending with a vertical edge (figure 20).

Tergite 1 with median raised area punctate. Second tergite 1.2-1.4 × as long as wide. Tarsomere 5 of hind tarsus as

long as tarsomere 3.

Ha black. Tibia 3 and tars 3 fuscous. Fwl 12.7-13.5. Ovp/fw = 1.8-1.9. Lwtrg1 = 1.7-1.8. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.0. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8.

Lwfem3 = 5.0-5.3. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-0.8. Flag 33-34: trg0.5x4-0.5x5.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. sericeus (Hartig, 1847)

– Mesopleurum without unusually long, dense setae. Dorsal lobe with 6-7 grooves and gradually tapering to apical

teeth (figure 21) Tergite 1 with median raised area slightly rugulose, not punctate. Second tergite 0.9-1.2 as long as

wide. Tarsomere 5 of hind tarsus 1.2-1.5 × as long as tarsomere 3.

Ha black. Head parallel-narrowed. Tibia 3 reddish-fuscous. Fwl = 10.5-15.5. Ovp/fw = 1.5-1.7. Lwtrg1 = 1.4-1.8. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.1-

1.2. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.9. Lwfem3 = 4.3-4.9. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-0.8 Flag 33-36: trg3-0.5x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. tuberculatus (Geoffroy, 1785)

23 Dorsal lobe with 7 strongly inclivous grooves and distally gradually tapering to apical teeth (figure 22). In smaller

specimens, with length of fore wing <12 mm, sometimes with 6 grooves. Median longitudinal carinae on propo-

deum present as weak ridges, not as well defined carinae.

Head parallel. Distance between hind ocellus and occipital carina 2.9-3.0 × diameter of hind ocellus. Fwl 11.2-14.0. Ovp/fw = 1.2-

1.4. Lwtrg1 = 1.4-1.6. Lwtrg2 = 1.0-1.1. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.0-1.2. Trg1/fem3 = 0.8-0.9. Lwfem3 = 3.8-4.3. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-0.9. Htrs5/3 =

1.1-1.3. Flag 33-35: trg(0.5-1)x3.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. populneus (Ratzeburg, 1848)

– Dorsal lobe distally well separated from apical teeth. Usually with 5, rather vertical, grooves (figures 23, 24). In

large specimens, with length of fore wing > 12 mm, sometimes with 6 grooves. Median longitudinal carinae well

defined, 0.6 × as long as propodeum.

Front edge absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

24 Head with temples slightly narrowed. Distance between hind ocellus and occipital carina 2.5-3.0 × diameter of

hind ocellus. Median raised part of tergite 1 closely punctate. First tergite 1.3-1.9 × as long as wide. Tarsomere 3 of

hind tarsus 0.7-0.9 × as long as first flagellomere. Hind tibia reddish. Clypeus fuscous-brown. Dorsal lobe usually

with 5 grooves, well separated from apical teeth (figure 23).

Fwl 9.5-20.5. Ovp/fw = 1.4-1.9. Lwtrg2 = 1.1-1.5. Trg1/htrs1 = 0.9-1.1. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.9. Lwfem3 = 4.1-5.3. Htrs5/3 = 1.0-1.3. Flag

32-38: trg2-3. Tibia 3 red.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. messor (Gravenhorst, 1829)

– Head with temples parallel. Distance between hind ocellus and occipital carina 3.3-3.5 × diameter of hind ocellus.

Median raised part of tergite 1 at most punctate at the sides and apex.

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First tergite 1.9-2.3 × as long as wide. Tarsomere 3 of hind tarsus 1.0-1.2 × as long as first flagellomere. Hind tibia

reddish-fuscous. Clypeus orange-brown. Dorsal lobe with 6 grooves and more gradually tapering to apex (figure 24).

Fwl = 16.0-20.0. Ovp/fw = 1.6-1.8. Lwtrg2 = 1.4-1.7. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.0. Trg1/fem3 = 0.8-0.9. Lwfem3 = 4.4-4.9. Htrs5/3 = 0.9-1.0. Flag

38-40: trg0.5x3.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. cognator (Thunberg, 1824)

25(20) Dorsal longitudinal carinae of propodeum strongly diverging.

Fore coxa at least basally black, middle coxa sometimes partly black, hind coxa red. Dorsal lobe with 4 grooves, the basal grooves

slightly reclivous (figure 25). Ha black. Palpi fuscous. Head with temples parallel. Pterostigma fuscous. Hind tibia fuscous, some-

times cream at base. Fem3 fuscous apically. Fwl = 7.5-12.0. Ovp/fw = 1.4-1.7. Lwtrg1 = 1.2-1.5. Lwtrg2 = 0.9-1.2. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.0-

1.1. Trg1/fem3 = 0.6-0.7. Lwfem3 = 4.8-5.4. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-0.8. Htrs5/3 = 0.9-1.2. Flag 28-33: trg3-0.5x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. diversicostae (Perkins, 1943)

– Dorsal longitudinal carinae of propodeum parallel to weakly diverging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

26 Pterostigma pale. Head with temples narrowed. Hind corner of pronotum usually yellow. Hind tibia (reddish) fus-

cous, not cream at base. All coxae red.

Front edge weak to absent. Dorsal lobe with 4 grooves (figure 26), sometimes with 3 grooves (figure 29). Fwl = 10.0-20.3. Ovp/fw =

1.5-1.9. Lwtrg1 =1.7-2.0. Lwtrg2 = 1.2-1.6. Trg1/htrs1 = 0.9-1.0. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.9. Lwfem3 = 5.3-6.2. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-0.8. Htrs5/3

= 0.8-1.0. Flag 32-38: trg0.5x3-4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. mesocentrus (Gravenhorst, 1829)

– Pterostigma fuscous. Hind corner of pronotum usually black. Hind tibia with basal 0.15 cream. Hind coxa varying

from red to black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

27 Head with temples parallel. Median raised area of tergite 1 weakly concave and rugulo-punctate, laterally not

bounded by sharp edges but just convexly sloping down to lateral area (figure 62). Trochanters and trochantelli

yellow. First tergite 1.5-1.8 × as long as wide. Second tergite 1.1-1.3 × as long as wide. Dorsal lobe as in figure 27.

Lower tooth of mandible often slightly larger than upper one. Fore coxa red, middle and hind coxae varying from red to black.

Fwl = 13.3-16.5. Ovp/fw = 1.5-1.6. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.0-1.1. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 5.1-6.0. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.6-0.7. Htrs5/3 = 0.9-

1.0. Flag 34-36: trg0.5x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. dux (Tschek, 1869)

– Head with temples slightly narrowed. Median raised area of tergite 1 flat rugulo-punctate and bounded by rather

sharp lateral edges. Trochanters and trochantelli red. First tergite 2.1-2.4 × as long as wide. Second tergite 1.7-1.8 as

long as wide. Dorsal lobe as in figure. 28. Usually at least hind coxa black.

Fwl = 11.0-16.0. Ovp/fw = 1.7-2.1. Trg1/htrs1 = 0.9-1.0. Trg1/fem3 = 0.8-0.9. Lwfem3 = 5.3-6.9. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.9-1.0. Htrs5/3 = 0.7-

0.8. Flag 33-36: trg3-0.3x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. scutellaris (Thomson, 1877)

B: Males

(The male of D. nitidus is unknown)

1 Median flagellomeres (9-19) strongly widened, square and with cream underside (figure 66). Mesopleurum covered

with long, dense, curled setae. Valve very broad, about as long as wide and with a central longitudinal ridge (figure 30).

Head with temples slightly widening. Palpi cream-white. Clypeus orange-brown. Antenna with underside of scape largely ivory

and basal flagellomeres fuscous. Hind angle of pronotum black. Pterostigma fuscous. Fore and middle coxae yellowish, hind

coxa reddish-fuscous. Fore coxa darkened at base. All trochanters and trochantelli ivory. Epicnemial carina very weak. Hind tibia

ivory ventrally, fuscous dorsally, basal 0.1 ivory. Hypopygium very weakly incised apically. Strong parallel median longitudinal

carinae about 0.6 × as long as propodeum. Fwl = 8.8-9.8. Lwtrg1 = 2.3-2.5. Lwtrg2 = 1.8-2.1. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.9-2.1. Trg1/fem3 = 0.8.

Lwfem3 = 4.4-4.9. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.4-0.6. Htrs5/3 = 2.1-2.3. Flag 36-39: trg (0.5-1)xtrg6.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. sericeus (Hartig, 1847)

– Flagellum not widening and not with cream underside centrally. Mesosoma without exceptionally long and dense

setosity. Valve elongate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

2 Fore wing with dense, long, curled setae along costa, medius and basal vein. Nervulus usually basal of basal vein

Valve with long upper part of distal margin strongly inclivous (figure 31). Ha with yellow line. Head with temples convexly

constricted. Combined area basalis – area superomedia slightly depressed, without delimiting carinae. Fore and middle coxae

yellow, hind coxa red. All trochanters and trochantelli cream. Hind tibia fuscous, basal 0.15 cream. Scape and pedicel yellow

beneath. Clypeus fuscous. Mandible yellow at base. Fwl = 8.5-9.3. Lwtrg1 = 2.6-2.8. Lwtrg2 = 2.6-3.3. Trg1/htrs1 =1.0-1.1. Trg1/

fem3 = 0.6. Lwfem3 = 5.8-6.4. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.9. Htrs5/3 = 1.0-1.1. Flag 34: trg4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Townesia tenuiventris (Holmgren, 1860)

– No long dense setosity along veins of fore wing. Nervulus opposite basal vein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 Middle coxa with a tooth or coriaceous swelling laterally (figures 54-56).

Ventral face of first trochanter coriaceous. Coxae red. Pterostigma pale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

– Middle coxa without protuberance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

4 Middle coxa with a broad coriaceous swelling (figure 54). Fore trochanter in ventral view rather flat with sides

widening apically. Head with temples parallel.

Valve with straight, slightly reclivous distal margin (figure 32). Ha brown. Fore femur parallel sided. Clypeus yellowish-orange.

Palpi yellow. Scape yellow beneath, pedicel black. Flagellum yellowish-brown beneath. Median longitudinal carinae 0.4 - 0.5

as long as propodeum. Coxae reddish, hind coxa darkened ventrally. Hind tibia fuscous, ventral 0.9 and basal 0.1 yellow.

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30-53. Male valves in lateral view / Mannelijke valven in lateral aanzicht. 30. Dolichomitus sericeus, 31.Townesia tenuiventris, 32. D. atratus,

33. D. mesocentrus, 34. D. excavatus n. sp., 35. Paraperithous gnathaulax, 36. D. curticornis, 37. D. kriechbaumeri, 38. D. dobrogensis, 39. D. mordator,

40. D. milleri n. sp., 41.D. quercicolus n. sp., 42. D. agnoscendus, 43. D. populneus, 44. D. messor, 45. D. dux, 46. D.diversicostae, 47. D. cephalotes,

48. D. aciculatus, 49. D. tuberculatus, 50. D. terebrans, 51. D. imperator, 52. D. pterelas, 53. D. scutellaris. Photos: C.J. Zwakhals

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Hypopygium weakly concave. Fwl = 11.6-12.0. Lwtrg1 = 1.9-2.1. Lwtrg2 = 1.6-1.9. Trg1/htrs1 =1.5-1.7. Trg1/fem3 = 0.9. Lwfem3 =

4.3-4.5. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7. Htrs5/3 = 1.5-1.7. Flag 37-40:trg 4-0.5x5.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. atratus (Rudow, 1881)

– Middle coxa with a tooth (figures 55, 56). Fore trochanter in ventral view slightly excavate and sides rather parallel.

Head with temples constricted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

5 Mid coxal tooth very long and sharply pointed (figure 55). In ventral view fore femur strongly widened, clavate

(figure 57). Middle and hind trochanters and trochantelli red. Scape usually black. Valve with straight inclivous dis-

tal margin (figure 33).

Ha yellow - black. Median longitudinal carinae about 0.6 - 0.7 × as long as propodeum. Hind tibia fuscous. Fwl = 7.8-11.8. Lwtrg1

= 2.0-2.1. Lwtrg2 = 1.7-2.0. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.1-1.4. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.9. Lwfem3 = 4.7-5.1. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.5-0.7. Htrs5/3 = 1.3-1.7. Flag

31-37: trg4-5.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. mesocentrus (Gravenhorst, 1829)

– Middle coxa in dorso-lateral view excavate with short, broad tooth rather like a raised lamella (figure 56). Fore

femur rather parallel sided, not clavate (figure 58). All trochanters and trochantelli cream. Scape yellow beneath.

Valve with sharply pointed distal margin (figure 34).

Median longitudinal carinae on propodeum rather strong, 0.6-0.7x propodeum. Hind tibia fuscous, basal 0.1 and ventral 0.8

cream. Fwl = 7.4-10.3. Lwtrg1 = 1.8-2.1. Lwtrg2 = 1.9-2.4. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.3-1.6. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.8-5.2. Htrs3/flg1 =

0.6-0.7. Htrs5/3 = 1.3-1.5. Flag 30-32: trg4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. excavatus n. sp.

6 Hypopygium very deep and very widely incised (figure 59). Propodeum evenly convex, combined area basalis and

area superomedia not depressed and without delimiting carinae.

Ha yellow. Pterostigma rather fuscous. Head with temples parallel. Fore and middle coxae yellow, hind coxae black. All trochan-

ters and trochantelli cream. Scape and pedicel cream beneath. Valve rounded. Nervellus vertical, broken at the middle. Flag 23:

trg3. Fwl = 5.2-5.7. Lwtrg1 = 2.0-2.2. Lwtrg2 = 2.4-2.5. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.3-1.4. Trg1/fem3 = 0.6-0.7. Lwfem3 = 4.2-4.6. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-

0.8. Htrs5/3 = 1.2-1.3.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liotryphon strobilellae (Linnaeus, 1758)

– Hypopygium less deep and less widely incised, at most like figure 65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

7 Mandible coarsely longitudinally striate. Head with temples strongly narrowed (figure 60). Hypopygium with api-

cal margin slightly convex. Valve with long upper part of distal margin strongly inclivous (figure 35).

Scape and pedicel with yellow underside. Fore and middle coxae and all trochanters and trochantelli yellow. Hind coxa red. Ha

yellow. Pterostigma yellowish to fuscous. Hind tibia fuscous, basal 0.25 and underside cream. Nervellus broken at upper quarter.

Median raised part of tergite1 punctate apically, lateral part rugulo-punctate. Median longitudinal carinae 0.6-0.8 × as as long

as propodeum. Fwl = 4.7-9.0. Lwtrg1 = 1.7-2.1. Lwtrg2 = 1.2-1.6. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.2-1.5. Trg1/fem3 = 0.6-0.7. Lwfem3 = 3.7-4.4. Htrs3/

flg1 = 0.7-1.0. Htrs5/3 = 1.4-1.6. Flag 30-34: trg4-5.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paraperithous gnathaulax (Thomson, 1877)

– Mandible weakly sculptured, not coarsely striate. Head with temples buccate, temples parallel or weakly narro-

wed. Hypopygium at least slightly concave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

8 Flagellum short, as long as mesosoma + tergites 1+2 and with 25-27 flagellomeres. Valve figure 36.

Head with temples parallel - slightly widening. Hypopygium weakly concave. Ha black. Coxae red. All trochanters and fore and

middle trochantelli yellowish. Hind trochantellus reddish. Hind tibia fuscous, basal 0.1 cream. Median longitudinal carinae 0.3 -

0.6 × as as long as propodeum. Fwl = 9.5-11.0. Lwtrg1 = 1.6-1.9. Lwtrg2 = 1.2-1.4. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.1-1.3. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.9. Lwfem3

= 4.2-4.7. Htrs3/flg1 = 1.0-1.3. Htrs5/3 = 1.0-1.2.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. curticornis (Perkins, 1943)

– Flagellum longer than mesosoma + tergites1+2 and usually with more flagellomeres. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

9 Lower tooth of mandible longer than upper tooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

– Mandible with equal teeth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

10 Upper hind corner of pronotum with a yellow line, clypeus not bilobed, sharply produced at the centre of the

apical margin.

Valve narrowed apically, rather triangular (figure 37). Pterostigma brown-fuscous. Propodeum without median longitudinal carinae . . . . 11

– Upper hind corner of pronotum black or with a yellow spot. Clypeus bilobed, with a central incision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

11 Metasomal tergites black. Head with temples parallel to slightly widening. Coxae red.

Valve figure 37. Mesoscutum strongly punctate. Tergite 1 densely punctate over its entire surface. Hypopygium rather broad and

deeply incised. Hind tibia fuscous, ventral 0.8 and basal 0.1 cream to reddish. Scape and pedicel black. Nervellus vertical, broken

at the middle. Median longitudinal carinae present as weak ridges and about as long as 0.25 of propodeum. Fwl = 5.1-7.5. Lwtrg1

= 1.3- 1.5. Lwtrg2 = 1.0-1.3. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.1-1.3. Trg1/fem3 = 0.6-0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.1-4.8. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.8-0.9. Htrs5/3 = 1.1-1.2. Flag

26-27: trg0.5x3-0.5x5.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. kriechbaumeri (Schulz, 1906)

– Metasomal tergites orange-brown with black apical border. Head with temples roundly constricted. Fore and mid-

dle coxae yellowish, hind coxa reddish.

Valve like figure 37. Madeira. Fwl = 6.5. Lwtrg1 = 1.93. Lwtrg2 = 1.5. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.1. Trg1/fem3 = 0.6. Lwfem3 = 4.8. Htrs3/flg1 =

0.9. Htrs5/3 = 1.2. Flag 28: trg0.7x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. lateralis (Wollaston, 1858)

12 Valve strongly excavate at the middle of the dorsal margin where the valve suddenly narrows to half its basal

width (figure 38).

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70 (4) 2010

Head with temples parallel. Palpi brown. The combined area basalis-superomedia delimited by parallel rounded ridges about

0.5-0.6 × as long as propodeum, without well defined carinae. Tergite 1 with apical half of median raised part and lateral area

(rugulo)punctate. Tergites 5-6 polished, impunctate in apical half. All coxae, trochanters and trochantelli red. Hind tibia fuscous,

sometimes basal 0.1 cream. Fwl = 5.6-8.3. Lwtrg1 = 2.1-2.3. Lwtrg2 = 1.8-2.1. Trg1/htrs1 1.1-1.3. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.3-

5.6. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.9-1.1. Htrs5/3 = 1.2-1.4. Flag 29-30: trg0.5x3-4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. dobrogensis Constantineanu & Pisica, 1970

– Dorsal margin of valve at most weakly excavate, as in figures 49, 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

13 Lower tooth of mandible very broad and very long, upper tooth very small (figure 61). First tergite 1.1-1.4 as long as

wide. Second tergite 1.0-1.1 as long as wide. Tarsomere 3 of hind tarsus 0.5-0.7 as long as first flagellomere. Head

with temples slightly widening, as in figure 63.

Coxae red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

– Lower tooth of mandible pointed, upper tooth normal. First tergite 1.8-2.6 as long as wide. Second tergite 1.6-2.6

as long as wide. Tarsomere 3 of hind tarsus 0.8-1.0 as long as first flagellomere. Head with temples parallel to con-

stricted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

14 Metasoma, including whole surface of tergite 5 densely punctate and matt. Frons trans-striate. Mesoscutum and

scutellum densely punctate. Valve elongate with upper and lower margins rather parallel (figure 39). Hind angle of

pronotum black. Tegulae fuscous to black.

Hind tibia fuscous. Hypopygium weakly concave. Diverging median longitudinal carinae about 0.5 – 0.6 × as long as propodeum.

Fwl = 9.5-11.0. Lwtrg1 1.2-1.3. Lwtrg2 = 1.0-1.1. Lwtrg3 = 0.9-1.1. Trg1/htrs1 1.5-1.7. Trg1/fem3 = 0.8-0.9. Lwfem3 = 3.9-4.0. Htrs3/

flg1 = 0.5-0.7. Htrs5/3 = 1.2-1.5. Flag 33-35: trg3-0.5x5.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. mordator (Aubert, 1965)

– Metasoma from tergite 4 almost impunctate, polished. Frons smooth. Mesoscutum and scutellum smooth, almost

impunctate. Valve short, broad (figure 40). Hind angle of pronotum yellow. Tegula yellowish.

Hind tibia fuscous, basal 0.1 cream. Hypopygium weakly concave. Slightly diverging median longitudinal carinae about one third

as long as propodeum and at apex more or less continued to lateral carinae. Fwl = 7.8-8.0. Lwtrg1 = 1.4. Lwtrg2 = 1.0-1.1. Trg1/

htrs1 = 1.4-1.5. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 3.5-3.7. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.6-0.7. Htrs5/3 = 1.3-1.4. Flag 35-36: trg3.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. milleri n. sp.

15 Fore trochanter coriaceous beneath and valve in lateral view widening from base to its greatest width at about 0.6

from base, then narrowed to an angled apex (figure 45).

Fore and middle coxae and all trochanters and trochantelli yellow. Hind coxa usually black. Head with temples parallel. Ptero-

stigma rather fuscous. In ventral view: first trochanter widening distally and fore coxa somewhat produced. Hypopygium not

incised. Ha black. Median longitudinal carinae 0.6 – 0.7 × as long as propodeum. Scape and pedicel yellow below. Hind tibia fus-

cous, ventral 0.9 and basal 0.2 cream. Lower tooth of mandible slightly longer than upper tooth. Fwl = 9.0-1.7. Lwtrg1 = 2.4-2.7.

Lwtrg2 = 2.0-2.1. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.0-1.5. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.8-6.0. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-1.0. Htrs5/3 = 1.2-1.3. Flag 38-39:

trg3-0.5x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. dux (Tschek, 1869)

– Fore trochanter not coriaceus, punctate. Valve in lateral view different . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

16 Valve with the distal margin rather straight and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (figure 41). First tergite 1.7-

2.0 as long as wide. Second tergite 1.6-1.9 × as long as wide. Propodeum with combined area basalis-superomedia

delimited by carinae about as long as 0.6 – 0.7 of propodeum. Tergite 1 smooth to slightly rugulose, both on raised

median and on lateral parts.

Head parallel. Palpi cream. Ha yellow. Pterostigma fuscous. Hypopygium rather strongly incised (fig. 65). Hind tibia fuscous, ven-

tral 0.5 and basal 0.1 cream. Coxae red. Fore and middle trochanters and trochantelli yellowish. Hind trochanter red. Fwl = 5.1-

11.9. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.1-1.3. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.9. Lwfem3 = 4.2-4.8. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.8-0.9. Htrs5/3 = 1.2-1.5. Flag 31-36: trg(0.5-1)x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. quercicolus n. sp.

– Valve with inclivous distal margin (figure 42). First tergite 2.1-2.6 as long as wide. Second tergite 1.8-2.6 as long as

wide. Propodeum with combined area basalis-superomedia present as a slight depression with delimiting ridges

rather than carinae. Tergite 1 in apical half, both on raised median and lateral parts, punctate.

Head with temples convexly constricted. Palpi ivory. Ha yellow. Pterostigma pale-grey. Hypopygium weakly concave. Hind tibia

fuscous, ventral 0.8 and basal 0.15 cream. Fore and middle coxae and all trochanters and trochantelli ivory, hind coxa red to

black. Scape black to ivory, pedicel usually ivory. Nervellus sometimes vertical and broken at the middle. Fwl = 4.5-8.5. Trg1/

htrs1 = 1.2-1.3. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.8-5.5. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.8-1.0. Htrs5/3 = 1.1-1.4. Flag 25-32: trg(0.5-1)x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. agnoscendus (Roman, 1939)

17 (9) Ventral face of first trochanter and trochantellus coriaceous. Usually first tergite closely punctate on raised

median part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

– Ventral face of first trochanter and trochantellus polished and punctate. First tergite rather rugulose or sparsely

punctate on raised median part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

18 Apex of valve concave and penis with a dorsal lobe (figure 43).

Head with temples slightly constricted to parallel. Median longitudinal carinae about 0.3 × as as long as propodeum. Hind tibia

fuscous, ventral 0.5 and basal 0.1 yellow. Ha brown-fuscous. Scape yellow marked. Fem3 red. Hypopygium weakly concave. Pte-

rostigma pale. Fwl = 6.7-10.0. Lwtrg1 = 1.6-2.0. Lwtrg2 = 1.3-1.7. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.4-1.5. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.0-4.3. Htrs3/

flg1 = 0.6-0.8. Htrs5/3 = 1.4-1.9. Flag 30-36: trg(0.5-1)x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. populneus (Ratzeburg, 1848)

– Apex of valve not concave and penis flat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

19 Valve with upper and lower margins parallel, its distal margin straight and perpendicular to longitudinal axis

(figure 44). Coxae, trochanters and trochantelli red. First tergite 1.5-2.0 × as long as wide. Head with temples paral-

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70 (4) 2010

lel to slightly narrowed. Pterostigma pale.

Ha brown. Median longitudinal carinae 0.6 - 0.7 × as as long as propodeum. hind tibia reddish to fuscous. Scape usually black,

sometimes yellow marked. Fwl = 6.0-10.0. Lwtrg1 = 1.5-2.0 Lwtrg2 = 1.3-1.8. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.3-1.4. Trg1/fem3 = 0.8-0.9. Lwfem3 =

3.9-4.4. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.6-0.8. Htrs5/3 = 1.4-1.7. Flag 30-35: trg4-0.5x5.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. messor (Gravenhorst, 1829)

– Valve in lateral view widening from base to its greatest width at about 0.6 from base, then narrowed to an angled

apex (figure 45). Fore and middle coxae and all trochanters and trochantelli yellow. Hind coxa (?usually) black. First

tergite 2.4-2.7 × as long as wide. Head with temples parallel. Pterostigma rather fuscous. In ventral view fore tro-

chanter widening distally and fore coxa somewhat produced.

Hypopygium not incised. Ha black. Median longitudinal carinae 0.6 – 0.7 × as as long as propodeum. Scape and pedicel yellow

below. Hind tibia fuscous, ventral 0.9 and basal 0.2 cream. Sometimes lower tooth of mandible slightly longer than upper tooth.

Fwl = 9.0-11.7. Lwtrg2 = 2.0-2.1. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.0-1.5. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.8-6.0. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-1.0. Htrs5/3 = 1.2-1.3.

Flag 38-39: trg3-0.5x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. dux (Tschek, 1869)

54-66. Males (and one female) / Mannetjes (en één vrouwtje). 54-56 middle coxa [middelste coxa] 54. D. atratus, 55. D. mesocentrus, 56. D. excava-

tus n. sp., 57. fore femur [eerste femur] D. mesocentrus, 58. fore femur [eerste femur] D. excavatus n. sp., 59 hypopygium Liotryphon strobilellae,

60. head [kop] Paraperithous gnathaulax, 61. mandible [kaak] D. milleri n. sp., 62. first metasomal tergite [eerste metasomale segment] D. dux

female [vrouwtje], 63. head [kop] D. cephalotes, 64. head [kop] D. aciculatus, 65. hypopygium D. quercicolus n. sp., 66. median segments of flagellum

[middelste antenneleden] D. sericeus. Photos: C.J. Zwakhals

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70 (4) 2010

20 Median longitudinal carinae on propodeum distinct and strongly diverging, the apical distance between them

about 3 × their basal distance.

Fore coxa red, at least basally black, middle and hind coxae usually red. Head with temples parallel, ha black, palpi cream. Pte-

rostigma fuscous. Valve with distal margin in upper half strongly inclivous (figure 46). Median longitudinal carinae about 0.6 ×

as as long as propodeum. Hind tibia fuscous, basal 0.1 paler. Fwl = 6.5-9.0. Lwtrg1 = 1.4-1.7. Lwtrg2 = 1.2-1.6. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.3-1.5.

Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.1-4.7. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.7-0.8. Htrs5/3 = 1.3-1.5. Flag 33-34: trg0.5x4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. diversicostae (Perkins, 1943)

– Dorsal longitudinal carinae on propodeum, if present, rather parallel, apical distance at most 2 × their basal distance . . . . 21

21 Tergites 2 and 3 smooth or aciculate, not punctate.

Pterostigma fuscous. Coxae red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

– Tergites 2 and 3 punctate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

22 Head with temples widening, temple longer than eye (figure 63). All trochanters and trochantelli yellow. Metasoma

rather smooth, weakly aciculate. Hypopygium strongly incised. Valve curved, strongly widening at base, this part

tending to be horizontal and with a crease in the upper marging where the basal part meets the vertical part

(figure 47). Flagellum with 36-38 flagellomeres and as long as mesosoma + tergites 1-4(5). First tergite 0.9 × as long

as first segment of hind tarsus.

Fwl = 10.4-12.2. Lwtrg1 = 1.8-1.9. Lwtrg2 = 1.3-1.6. Trg1/fem3 = 0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.0-4.2. Htrs3/flg1 =1. Htrs5/3 = 1.1-1.2.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. cephalotes (Holmgren, 1860)

– Head with temples parallel (figure 64). Trochanters and trochantelli reddish. Metasoma aciculate. Hypopygium

weakly incised. Valve rather flat with the distal margin in its upper half strongly inclivous (figure 48). Flagellum

with 32-33 flagellomeres and as long as mesosoma + tergites 1-2(3). First tergite 1.1-1.2 × as long as first segment

of hind tarsus.

Fwl = 8.0-8.8. Lwtrg1 = 1.6-1.8 Lwtrg2 = 1.3-1.4. Trg1/fem3 = 0.8. Lwfem3 = 4.8-4.9. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.8. Htrs5/3 = 1.1-1.3.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. aciculatus (Hellen, 1915)

(If tarsomere 3 of hind tarsus 1.3 -1.6 × as long as first flagellomere and flagellum with 38-42 segments cf. imperator)

23 Valve with a notch at the middle of the upper margin, where the apical, vertical part meets the widening basal,

horizontal part. (figures 49, 50). Apical part of valve circular – convex. Nervellus usually vertical and broken at

the middle.

Fem3 usually fuscous apically. Pterostigma fuscous. Ha black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

– Upper margin of valve without a notch. Nervellus reclivous and broken at upper third . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

24 All coxae red. Fore wing 10-13 mm. Apical part of valve elongate (figure 49).

Median longitudinal carinae 0.5 – 0.6 as as long as propodeum. Hind tibia fuscous, ventral 0.5 and basal 0.15 cream. Trg1 rugu-

lose, rugulo-punctate at centre. Scape and pedicel usually yellow marked ventrally. Head with temples parallel to slightly con-

stricted. Hypopygium very weakly concave.

Lwtrg1 = 1.5-1.7. Lwtrg2 = 1.1-1.2. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.2-1.4. Trg1/fem3 = 0.7-0.8. Lwfem3 = 3.0-4.1. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.8-0.9. Htrs5/3 = 1.4-

1.6. Flag 35-37: trg4-0.5x5.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. tuberculatus (Geoffroy, 1785)

– Fore and middle coxae yellow ventrally and usually more ore less black dorsally. Hind coxa black. Fore wing 6-8

mm. Apical part of valve short, about as long as wide (figure 50).

Median longitudinal carinae 0.6 – 0.7 × as as long as propodeum. Hind tibia fuscous, ventral 0.5 and basal 0.15 cream. Trg1

smooth at centre, lateral part rugulose. Scape and pedicel black. Head with temples parallel. Hypopygium weakly concave.

Coxa1 fuscous at base.

Fwl = 4.6-7.5. Lwtrg1 = 1.6-1.9. Lwrg2 = 1.2-1.3. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.1. Trg1/fem3 = 0.6-0.7. Lwfem3 = 4.6-4.9. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.8-0.9.

Htrs5/3 = 1.2-1.4. Flag 28-33: trg(0.5-1)x5.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. terebrans (Ratzeburg, 1844)

25 Tergite 2 minutely punctate and somewhat aciculate, metasoma from tergite 3 rather aciculate. Valve with upper

margin gradually sloping down to apex (figure 51). Coxae, trochanters and trochantelli red. Tarsomere 3 of hind

tarsus 1.3 -1.6 × as long as first flagellomere.

Ha usually black. Head with temples parallel-constricted. Scape and pedicel black, palpi cream to light-brown. Pterostigma

fuscous to yellowish-grey. Legs red. Hind tibia fuscous, basal 0.1 usually not pale. Trg1 rugulose. Fem3 fuscous at apex. Strong

median longitudinal carinae 0.7 – 0.8 × as long as propodeum. Hypopygium very shallowly incised. Fwl = 9.1-15.0. Lwtrg1 =

1.8-2.5. Lwtrg2 = 1.8-2.0. Trg1/htrs1 = 0.9-1.0. Trg1/fem3 = 0.8-0.9. Lwfem3 = 4.8-5.9. Htrs5/3 = 0.9-1.1. Flag 38-42: trg0.5x4-0.5x5.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. imperator (Kriechbaumer, 1854)

– Tergites 2 and 3 punctate, without aciculation. Fore and middle coxae cream, hind coxa red to black. All trochan-

ters and trochantelli yellowish-cream. Tarsomere 3 of hind tarsus 0.9 -1.1 × as long as first flagellomere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

26 Valve long and slender, with upper margin sloping down to the apex and forming a somewhat pointed distal mar-

gin (figure 52). Second tergite 1.5-2.0 × as long as wide. Hypopygium shallowly incised.

Flagellum with 33-37 flagellomeres and as long as mesosoma + tergites 1-5(6). Pterostigma yellow-opaque. First tergite on

median raised part somewhat punctate, laterally rugulo-punctate. Median longitudinal carinae short, about 0.3 –0.4 × as long as

propodeum. Ha yellow. Head with temples parallel. Underside of scape and pedicel yellow-white. Hind tibia fuscous, ventral 0.7

and basal 0.1 cream. Fwl = 5.0-9.3. Lwtrg1 = 2.1-3.0. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.1-1.3. Trg1/fem3 = 0.8-0.9. Lwfem3 = 4.2-5.1. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.9-

1.0. Htrs5/3 = 1.2-1.5.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. pterelas (Say, 1829)

– Valve shorter and broader with distal margin rather straight or convex and about perpendicular to the longitudi-

nal axis of the valve (figure 53). Hypopygium more strongly incised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

123 entomologische berichten

70 (4) 2010

Previously undescribed Dolichomitus species

In the course of the investigation three new species were found.

In his paper on the synonymy of European species of the

Ephialtes complex, Perkins (1943) synonymized Ephialtes cras-

siceps Thomson, 1877 with E. dux Tschek, 1868. In his paper, it

is suggested that this was based on examination of the female

type specimens, but according to Fitton (1982) there is no type

material of E. crassiceps present in the Thomson collection. So

maybe Perkins based his decision on the description of E. cras-

siceps only. For the characterization of the species, Thomson

(1877) gives the following short sentence: ‘niger, pedibus rufi-

centibus, capite pone oculos subdilatato, coxis fuscomaculatus’.

Probably the black marked coxae are the basis for Perkins’ syno-

nymy as this occurs in very few Western Palearctic Dolichomitus

species. This synonymy has widely been accepted, for example

by Yu and Horstmann (1997). Kasparyan (1981), in his key to the

Russian Dolichomitus species, used the names crassiceps and

dux for two different species. As pointed out by Mevi-Schütz

et al. (2006), the name crassiceps was used by Kasparyan for

the species that corresponds to the lectotype of E. dux. Mevi-

Schütz et al. (2006) therefore used the name crassiceps for a

species in which the female always has completely red coxae.

Because crassiceps Thomson, 1877 should be treated as a junior

synonym of dux Tschek, 1868 the species with the red coxae

represents a hitherto undescribed species which is described

below.

Dolichomitus quercicolus n. sp.

Holotype female [Germany] Nürnberg 9.5.2000 [R. Bauer]

in collection ZSM

Description of the holotype Front wing 13.7 mm long, pterostigma

fuscous. Mesosoma 4.7 mm, metasoma 11.5 mm, and oviposi-

tor 21 mm long. Mandible with lower tooth longer than upper

tooth. Malar space about one third as long as width of base of

mandible. Flagellum with 34 segments and as long as meso-

soma + tergites 1-3, all segments elongate. In lateral view gena

about two thirds as long as compound eye. In dorsal view head

parallel behind the eyes. Vertex with some scattered punctures

behind the ocelli. Distance between compound eye and ocellus

about 1.5 × diameter of an ocellus. Distance between hind ocel-

lus and occiput about 3 × diameter of hind ocellus. Head rather

polished. Face punctate, distance between punctures 2-3 ×

their diameter, frons less densely punctate. Cheek and vertex

with some widely scattered punctures. Mesoscutum shiny with

strong notauli in anterior third and with fine scattered punc-

tures. Scutellum with widely scattered punctures. Epicnemial

carina weakly reaching front of mesopleurum. Mesopleurum

with scattered punctures. Propodeum with median dorsal cari-

nae 0.6 × as long as propodeum. First tergite 1.6 × as long as

wide at apex, second tergite 1.3 × as long as wide. Median raised

part of first tergite rugulo-punctate at base and punctate at

apex. Lateral part of first tergite rather weakly rugulose. Second

tergite with strong antero-lateral furrows, densely punctate,

at the centre punctures touching one another. On tergites 3-5

lateral swellings less densely punctate than centre of the ter-

gites. Tergites 5-7 aciculate. Nervellus broken at upper third.

Dorsal lobe of lower valve of ovipositor with 4 grooves, the basal

3 grooves reclivous and the fourth groove slightly inclivous

(figure 18).

Colour Head, mesosoma and metasoma black. Clypeus and palpi

brown. Mandibles black. Legs, including coxae and trochanters

red, hind tibia and tarsus fuscous. Upper hind angle of prono-

tum yellowish.

Variation For the variation in the (relative) dimensions of various

body parts see the identification key. Sometimes the dorsal lobe

bears 3 grooves instead of 4 and then there are two reclivous

grooves. The front edge of the dorsal lobe is variable in its deve-

lopment / visibility.

Male Face more closely punctate than in the female with dis-

tance between the punctures partly less than their diameter.

Mandible with lower tooth longer than upper tooth. Shiny frons

and vertex with some scattered punctures. Head parallel behind

the eyes. Upper hind angle of pronotum yellow. Mesopleurum

and mesoscutum as in female. Median longitudinal carinae on

propodeum about 0.6 × propodeum. Sculpture on tergites 1-3

as in female. Tergites 6-8 smooth, polished, without punctures.

Whole metasoma rather shiny. Hypopygium strongly incised.

Valve with distal margin rather straight (figure 41). Legs red

with fore and middle trochanters and trochantelli yellowish red.

Hind tibia and tarsus fuscous, hind tibia sometimes somewhat

paler at extreme base.

Variation For the variation in the (relative) dimensions of various

body parts see the identification key.

Diagnosis Female specimens rather closely resemble D. dux but

can be separated from that species by the structure of the man-

dible in which the lower tooth is larger than the upper one, the

reclivous grooves on the dorsal lobe of the lower valve of the

ovipositor and the red trochanters and trochantelli. Males differ

in the shape of the valve, the longer lower tooth of the mandible

and the shiny fore trochanter.

Paratypes female [Germany] Schwanberg 16.5.2000 [R. Bauer],

[Germany] Nürnberg 25.5.2001 [R. Bauer], [Germany] Schwan-

berg 10.6.1989 [R. Bauer], [Germany] Nbg [Nürnberg] 25.5.1977

[R. Bauer], [Germany] Ebrach 12.6.1973 [R. Bauer]. All in collec-

tion ZSM; Germany Bayern Großschwarzenlohe 31-viii-2009 leg.

C.J. Zwakhals, wood pile, in collection Natural History Museum

London; Germany Bayern Großschwarzenlohe 31-viii-2008 leg.

C.J. Zwakhals, wood pile, in collection National Natural History

Musem Naturalis Leiden; Germany Bayern Großschwarzen-

lohe 31-viii-2009 leg. C.J. Zwakhals, wood pile, in the author’s

collection.

27 Pterostigma fuscous. Second tergite 2.1-2.6 × as long as wide. Distal margin of valve straight (figure 53).

Flagellum with 33-35 flagellomeres and as long as mesosoma + tergites 1-3(4). Head with temples parallel to weakly constricted.

Underside of scape and pedicel yellowish to black. Hind tibia fuscous, ventral 0.7 and basal 0.1 cream. Median longitudinal

carinae 0.6 –0.7 × as long as propodeum. Hind coxa usually black. Fwl = 8.0-9.8. Lwtrg1 = 2.3-2.7. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.2 -1.4. Trg1/fem3

= 0.8-0.9. Lwfem3 = 4.6-5.3. Htrs3/flg1 = 0.9-1.1. Htrs5/3 = 1.2-1.4.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. scutellaris (Thomson, 1877)

– Pterostigma pale. Second tergite 1.8 × as long as wide. Distal margin of valve more convex.

Flagellum with 35 flagellomeres and as long as mesosoma + tergites 1-3. Head with temples parallel. Underside of scape and

pedicel yellowish. Hind tibia fuscous, ventral 0.6 and basal 0.1 cream. Hind coxa reddish brown. Median longitudinal carinae

weak about 0.1 × as long as propodeum. Fwl = 10.0. Lwtrg1 = 2.1. Trg1/htrs1 = 1.2. Trg1/fem3 = 0.9. Lwfem3 = 4.7. Htrs3/flg1 =

1.1. Htrs5/3 = 1.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. cognator (Thunberg, 1824)

124 entomologische berichten

70 (4) 2010

Hosts Locality labels of reared specimens present Phymatodes

testaceus (Linnaeus) and Pyrrhidium sanguineum (Linnaeus)

(Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in oak (Quercus) as hosts.

Phenology The species can be found from mid May until mid

September, flying around oak and wood piles with oak. Many

specimens seen from Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France,

Germany, Luxemburg, The Netherlands, Poland and Russia. The

name quercicolus refers to the strong association with oak.

Dolichomitus excavatus n. sp.

Holotype male [Germany] Einbeck 21.5.1956 [R. Hinz] in

collection ZSM.

Description of the holotype Front wing 8.7 mm long, pterostigma

pale. Mesosoma 3.2 mm, metasoma 10.5 mm long. Mandible

with equal teeth. Malar space 0.25 × width of base of mandible.

Flagellum with 31 elongate segments, as long as mesosoma +

tergites 1-4. Scape yellow beneath. Head convexly narrowed

behind the eyes in dorsal view. Distance between compound

eye and ocellus equal to the diameter of an ocellus. Distance

between hind ocellus and occiput about twice diameter of an

ocellus. Frons and vertex rather polished with some small,

scattered punctures. Face closely punctate and covered with

dense white setae. Palpi yellowish. Ventral surface of fore tro-

chanter and trochantellus matt, not polished as in most other

Dolichomitus species. Fore trochanter rather excavate. Fore

femur in ventral view with sides rather parallel, not clavate

as in D. mesocentrus (figure 58). Middle coxa in dorso lateral

view rather excavate and with a short, broad tubercle, some-

what like a raised lamella (figure 56). Mesopleurum punctate.

Epicnemial carina weakly reaching front of mesopleurum.

Mesoscutum smooth with small punctures about 3-4 × their

diameter apart. Scutellum more closely punctate. Median lon-

gitudinal carinae 0.6 × length of propodeum. Tergite 1 1.9 × as

long as wide, tergite 2 2 × as long as wide. Median raised area

of tergite 1 weakly rugulose, lateral area rugulose. Tergites 2-4

closely punctate. Tergite 2 with strong antero-lateral furrows.

Tergites 5-7 weakly punctate, rather aciculate. Hypopygium

strongly incised. (figure 65) Valve pointed, see figure 34. Nervel-

lus broken at upper third. Black, clypeus reddish-brown, palpi

cream. Upper hind angle of pronotum yellowish. Coxae red,

middle coxa on outer lateral side yellowish. All trochanters

and trochantelli yellowish. Fore and middle legs yellowish red.

Hind femur red. Hind tibia fuscous, basal 0.1 and ventral 0.8

cream. Hind tarsus fuscous.

Variation for the variation in the (relative) dimensions of various

body parts see the identification key.

Diagnosis The species is particularly characterized by the

structure of the middle coxa in which it slightly resembles

D. mesocentrus.

Paratypes males [Germany] Ebrach 2.5.1993 [R. Bauer], [Germany]

Goslar a. H., Grauhöfer Holz 6.v.1934 E. Bauer, [Germany] Roden-

stein 1.5.1986 [R. Bauer], [Germany] Göttingen 3.8.1947 [R. Hinz],

[Germany] Einbeck 21.5.1956 [R. Hinz], [Germany] Bildhausen,

Krs. Kissingen 17 August 1946 leg. G. Heinrich, [Germany] Göt-

tingen 10.5.46 [R. Hinz], all in coll. ZSM; [Germany] Einbeck

21.5.1956 [R. Hinz] in coll. Natural History Museum, London.

Female unknown. As stated before, in general there are many

more females than males present in insect collections so one

would expect to find females of D. excavatus as well. Up until

now no female specimens could be associated with the male.

Maybe the female very closely resembles D. mesocentrus females.

A few D. mesocentus females have been found with 3 instead

of 4 grooves on the dorsal lobe of the lower valve (figure 29).

As they were not captured or reared together with males of

D. excavatus n.sp. males it is uncertain if they represent a

different species. The name excavatus refers to the excavate

middle coxa of the male.

Dolichomitus milleri n. sp.

Description Female Front wing 9-11 mm long, pterostigma fuscous.

Mesosoma 3.7 mm, metasoma 8.5 mm long. Mandible with lower

tooth blunt and much broader and longer than upper tooth, as in

figure 61. Malar space about one third the width of base of man-

dible. Flagellum with 37 segments and as long as mesosoma +

tergites 1-4, all segments elongate. Head slightly widening behind

the eyes in dorsal view, in lateral view gena as long as compound

eye. In dorsal view head 1.5 as wide as long with vertex as long as

eye. Distance between hind ocellus and compound eye twice the

diameter of an ocellus. Distance between hind ocelli and occiput

about 6 × hind ocellus diameter. Head polished. Face punctate

with distance between punctures 2-3 × their diameter. Frons

smooth, polished with some minute widely scattered punctures.

Vertex almost impunctate. Mesoscutum and scutellum polished

and almost impunctate. Notauli strong in anterior third of meso-

scutum. Propodeum slightly rugose. Median dorsal longitudinal

carinae weakly developed, very short and only present at the

base. Epicnemial carina rather weak, reaching upper quarter of

mesopleurum. Mesopleurum polished and almost impunctate.

Ovipositor sheath 1.5-1.6 × as long as front wing. Dorsal lobe of

lower valve of ovipositor with strongly reclivous grooves and not

delimited apically (figure 15). First tergite 1.3 × as long as wide at

apex, second tergite as long as wide. First tergite slightly rugose,

both centrally and laterally. Second tergite in basal two thirds

with rather coarse punctures, their interspaces about equal to

their diameter. Second tergite with long basolateral grooves that

cut off basolateral corners. Apical third less punctate and smooth

at apex. Third tergite closely punctate in basal half to basal two

thirds, punctures touching one another. Fourth tergite closely

punctate in basal third to basal half. Tubercles on tergites 3-5

punctate like the rest of the segments. Metasoma rather polis-

hed. Nervellus reclivous and broken between upper third and

half. On the hind coxa the distal dorsal depression is continued

to the base.

Colour Head, including clypeus, mesosoma and metasoma black.

Mandibles slightly reddish at base. Palpi yellowish-brown.

Scape, pedicel and flagellum black. Upper hind corner of prono-

tum yellow, tegulae yellowish. All parts of legs red. Hind femur

dorsally infuscate in about apical quarter. Hind tibiae and tarsi

fuscous, tibia pale at basal 0.1.

Male Similar to female in general structure and coloration. Front

wing 6.7-8.0 mm. Flagellum with 33-36 segments and as long as

mesosoma + tergites 1-3 (0.5x tergite 4). Scape and pedicel black,

flagellum black with light brown underside. Median dorsal cari-

nae on propodeum longer than in female and rather strongly

diverging. Mandible as in figure 61. Valve as in figure 40.

Holotype female Germany, Bayern, Wessobrunn 28-V-2008 leg.

C.J. Zwakhals, Dead standing Alnus. It was caught flying around

a dead, standing Alnus.

Paratype Female [Russia] Voronezh Region, Chop Nature Reserve,

Black Alder 70L. Parasite Xiphydria camelus . Leg. W. Trofimof

5.5.73. in the collection of the Zoological Institute Russian

Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.

Paratypes male [Russia] Voronezh Region, Chop Nature Reserve,

Black Alder 90L. Parasite Xiphydria camelus. Leg. W. Trofimof

5.5.73. in the collection of the Zoological Institute Russian

Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg; [Germany] Nürnberg

16.5.2001 [leg. R. Bauer] in the collection of the ZSM;. Roumanie

[Romania], Comana Vlasca, A.L.Montandon in the collection of

the Natural History Museum, London. The holotype has been

deposited in the ZSM.

125 entomologische berichten

70 (4) 2010

The name milleri is after Elfi and Jürgen Miller, naturalist-

photographers, who brought me to the site were the holotype

was captured.

Diagnosis Dolichomitus milleri n.sp. is closely related to

D. mordator. The main differences are in the structure of

the vertex and mesoscutum, which are strongly punctate in

D. mordator; in the frons, which is trans-striate in mordator; and

in the structure of the metasoma. In D. mordator, tergites 2-5 are

strongly and closely punctate over their entire surface and dull.

In D. milleri n. sp. the metasomal tergites are only partly punc-

tate and much more polished.

Dolichomitus species described by Constantineanu

and Pisica

Constantineanu & Pisica (1970) erected for the D. imperator

species group the new genus Paucdolichomitus. Since then, that

genus has been synonymized with Dolichomitus, cf. Yu & Horst-

mann (1997), and that interpretation is followed here. They also

described five new species under Dolichomitus and Paucdolichomi-

tus. Dr. R. Constantineanu kindly made it possible to study the

type specimens. These type specimens can be recognised by the

red dot on the name labels. The result of the current study is:

Paucdolichomitus baiamarensis. Lectotypus P. baiamarensis

C&P det Oehlke 88. [Romania] Valea Usturoi-Baia Mare

21.7.1964. This is a junior synonym of Dolichomitus pterelas

(Say, 1829), syn. nov.

Paucdolichomitus birnovensis. [Romania] Birnova 26.6.1927.

Mesosoma and metasoma are brown instead of black, but

otherwise it is identical with D. pterelas (Say, 1829), syn. nov.

Dolichomitus dobrogensis. [Romania] Canaraua Fetii, Baneasa,

Dobrogea 14.6.1962. In contrast to the description, the lower

tooth of the mandible is somewhat longer than the upper

tooth. This feature, and the structure of the dorsal lobe on

the ventral valve, characterises the species as a species close

to D. quercicolus n. sp.

Dolichomitus mucronatus. [Romania] Birnova 10.5.1954. Holo-

typus Dol. mucronatus C&P det Oehlke 88. The location and

date as presented in the description are probably mistakes.

According to the description the species is particularly

characterized by a tubercle on the clypeus. This ‘tubercle’

turned out to be a piece of dirt that readily disappeared after

some cleaning. The identity of the specimen is D. terebrans

(Ratzeburg, 1844), syn. nov.

Dolichomitus romanicus. Lectotypus Dol. romanicus C&P det

Oehlke 88. [Romania] Valea Usturoi-Baia Mare 21.7.1964.

This is a junior synonym of D. agnoscendus (Roman, 1939),

syn. nov.

Status of Dolichomitus mesocentrus afghanator

Aubert, 1984.

Aubert (1984) described a subspecies of D. mesocentrus from

Afghanistan: D. mesocentrus afghanator. The holotype female,

deposited in the Musée cantonal de zoologie Lausanne, was

studied. It runs to couplet 13 in the key and then more or less

to kriechbaumeri. It differs from kriechbaumeri mainly in the fol-

lowing characters: Dorsal lobe of ovipositor without strong front

edge and with 4 grooves, of which only the basal 2 are reclivous.

Tergite 1 with only the central part with some coarse punctures

but lateral part rugulose. Head, mesoscutum and scutellum less

densely and more finely punctate.

It represents a distinct species, not a subspecies of D. meso-

centrus, which means that the valid name becomes Dolichomitus

afghanator Aubert, 1984 stat. nov.

Some additional information

Numbers of examined specimens are listed, except for the more

numerous species (i.e., with more than ten specimens seen).

Dolichomitus aciculatus. Material examined: 24 females and

4 males from Austria, Germany, Italy and Norway.

Dolichomitus atratus. The inclusion of the male in the key is of

a somewhat tentative nature, mainly based on the size, colour

of the scape and exclusion of other possibilities. There were no

males available that had been reared together with female spe-

cimens. Material examined: 8 females and 7 males from Alba-

nia, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Russia and Spain.

Dolichomitus cephalotes. Material examined: 11 females and

7 males from Austria, Germany, Hungary and Poland.

Dolichomitus cognator. The type material is preserved in the

Museum of Evolution of Uppsala University, Uppsala and could

be studied by the kindness of Dr. H. Mejlon. It consists of two

females and one male. The females belong to Ephialtes manifes-

tator (L.). As already noted by Roman (1912), the description of

cognator refers to the male specimen, which represents a Doli-

chomitus species. It bears a red label: ‘Uppsala Univ. Zool. Mus.,

Thunbergsaml. nr. 25367, Ichneumon cognator [male] Sv. TYP’

and a white hand written label ‘Ephialtes cognator Thbg’ It is

herewith designated as lectotype and has been labeled accor-

dingly. The reddish brown coloration of the mesosternum which

is emphasized by Roman is just a kind of change of coloration

that can occur occasionally in other Dolichomitus species as

well. At first it could not be matched with any of the known

species.

In Dolichomitus, matching males with females is often diffi-

cult because they share relatively few morphological characters.

The similarity is usually limited to the black body, the colour

of the pterostigma, the shape of the mandible and the general

sculpture of the metasoma. The colour of the coxae can differ

between males and females. In this case the pterostigma pla-

ces cognator in the species group with a pale pterostigma. The

shape of the valve resembles the valve of D. messor, but by the

polished and punctate fore trochanter it strongly differs from

D. messor. In the species group with pale pterostigma there is

only one species for which no male is known yet: D. speciosus

(Hellén, 1915). Both types of D. speciosus and D. cognator are from

Scandinavia and it is likely they represent the two sexes of the

same species. Therefore D. speciosus (Hellén, 1915) is here con-

sidered to be a junior synonym of D. cognator (Thunberg, 1824)

syn. nov. Material examined: 1 male and 5 females (including

the holotype of D. speciosus deposited in the Zoological Museum

Helsinki) from Finland, Italy and Sweden.

Dolichomitus curticornis. Material examined: 60 females and

8 males from Austria, Bulgaria, Germany and Poland.

Dolichomitus diversicostae. Material examined: 88 females and

5 males from Austria, Germany, Finland, France, Italy, Poland,

and The Netherlands

Dolichomitus dobrogensis. Material examined: 12 females and

5 males from Bulgaria, France, Greece, Italy, Poland, Romania,

Switzerland and Turkey.

Dolichomitus dux. Material examined: 25 females, including

the lectotype, and 3 males from Austria, Finland, France, Ger-

many, Norway and Poland.

Dolichomitus kriechbaumeri. In 1951, in the southern part of

The Netherlands, D. kriechbaumeri was reared from wood poles

infested with the buprestid beetle, Anthaxia manca (Linnaeus).

Recently it was reported from the buprestid, Sphenoptera tappesi

Marseul, infesting trunks and twigs of peach and plum trees in

eastern Turkey (Bolu 2008). This could mean it is specialized on

larvae of Buprestidae and not on Cerambycidae.

Dolichomitus lateralis. Material examined: 1 female paratype

deposited in the Natural History Museum London and 1 male.

126 entomologische berichten

70 (4) 2010

The male is the specimen reported by Horstmann (2003). It

was reared from Acalles cinereus Wollaston (Curculionidae) in

Euphorbia mellifera. The species is only known from Madeira.

Dolichomitus messor / populneus. As noted already by Hinz

(1961), males of these two species can be much more easily

separated than the females. This resembles the case of D. messor

and D. cognatus.

Dolichomitus milleri n. sp. As this species possesses a similarly

strongly modified mandible as D. mordator it could be a parasi-

toid of Buprestidae as well.

Dolichomitus mordator. Material examined: 7 females and

5 males, including the holotype deposited in the Musée can-

tonal de zoologie Lausanne, from France, Italy and Spain. The

holotype was reared from the buprestid, Poecilonota variolosa

(Paykull) (Aubert, 1965). In Aubert’s collection, additional

specimens are present that were reared from the buprestid,

Coraebus florentinus Herbst, all from Quercus ilex. This may

suggest the species is specialized on Buprestidae larvae, like

D. kriechbaumeri.

Dolichomitus nitidus. Material examined: 3 females, including

the holotype deposited in the Deutsches Entomologisches Insti-

tut (DEI) in Müncheberg, all from Germany. For this species no

host records are known, but in the ZSM there is a female speci-

men which was reared from twigs of Carpinus betulus.

Dolichomitus scutellaris. Material examined: 10 females and

7 males from Austria, Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway and Poland.

Dolichomitus sericeus. Material examined: 3 females and

3 males from Finland, Poland and Switzerland.

Acknowledgements.

I am grateful to many persons who helped in various ways, e.g.,

by providing equipment, through stimulating discussions and

by lending specimens for study. They are: C. v. Achterberg (Natu-

ralis, Leiden, The Netherlands), S. Bordera (Universidad de Ali-

cante, Spain), G. Broad (Natural History Museum, London, UK),

R. Constantineanu (Iasi, Romania), R. Danielsson (Zool. Museum,

Lund, Sweden). E. Diller (ZSM, München, Germany), V. Gusarov

(Natural History Museum University of Oslo, Norway), W. Hoge-

nes (Zool. Museum, Univerity of Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

Y. Jongema (Wageningen Universiteit, The Netherlands), R. Jus-

sila (Zool. Museum, University of Turku, Finland), D.R. Kasparyan

(Zool. Inst. Russ. Acad. Science, St. Petersburg, Russia), S. Klopf-

stein (Naturhistorisches Museum, Bern, Switzerland), J. Kolarov

(University Plovdiv, Bulgaria), P-N. Libert (Somal, Belgium),

H. Mejlon (Museum of Evolution-Zoology, Uppsala, Sweden),

J. Oehlke (DEI, Germany), G. Pagliano (Museo Regionale di

Scienze Naturali, Torino, Italy), M. Riedel (Bad Fallingbostel,

Germany), P.L. Scaramozzino (Universita di Pisa, Italy), J. Sawo-

niewicz (Bialystok, Poland), S. Schmidt (ZSM, München, Ger-

many), M.R. Shaw (National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh,

UK), H. Vårdal (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm,

Sweden), L. Vilhelmsen (Zool. Museum, University of Copen-

hagen, Denmark), M. Vizek (Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien,

Austria), L. Witmond (Veendam, The Netherlands), K.W.R. Zwart

(Heelsum, The Netherlands). C. van Achterberg and G. Broad

commented on an earlier draft and G. Broad kindly corrected

the English text.

References

Aubert JF 1965. Ichneumonides d’Europe

appartenant à dix espèces nouvelles et

plusieurs genres nouveaux. Bulletin de la

Société Entomologique de Mulhouse 1965:

15-23.

Aubert JF 1984. Douze Ichneumonides non pé-

tiolées mal connues ou inédites. Bulletin

de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse

1984(avril-juin): 17-23.

Bolu H 2008. A new host, Sphenoptera tappesi

Marseul (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), for Doli-

chomitus kriechbaumeri (Schulz) (Hymenop-

tera: Ichneumonidae) from Turkey. Turkish

Journal of Zoology. 32(2): 225-226.

Constantineanu MI & Pisica C 1970. L’étude de

la Tribu des Pimplini (Hym. Ichneumoni-

dae) de la Republique Socialiste Romania

(insectes auxiliares a la sylviculture et a

l’agriculture). Analele Stiintifice ale Uni-

versitatii ‘Al I Cuza’ din Iasi. Monografii 2:

1-106.

Fitton MG 1982. A catalogue and reclassifica-

tion of the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera)

described by C.G. Thomson. Bulletin of the

British Museum (Natural History), Ento-

mology series. 45(1):1-119.

Fitton MG, Shaw MR & Gauld ID 1988. Pimpline

Ichneumon-flies: Hymenoptera, Ichneu-

monidae (Pimplinae). Handbooks for

the identification of British insects 7(1),

110 pp.

Hinz R 1961. Systematik und Ökologie der Ich-

neumoniden II. Deutsche Entomologische

Zeitschrift N.F. 8: 250-257.

Horstmann K 2003. Revisionen von Schlupf-

wespen-Arten VII (Hymenoptera: Ichneu-

monidae). Mitteilungen der Münchner

Entomologischen Gesellschaft. 93:25-37.

Kasparyan DR 1981. [A guide to the insects of

the European part of the USSR. Hymenop-

tera, Ichneumonidae. Subfamily Pimplinae

(Ephialtinae)]. Opredelitili po fauna SSSR

129: 41-97 (in Russian).

Lyngnes R 1960 Shape and function of the ovi-

positor in the three hymenopterous spe-

cies: Ephialtes extensor Thom. (Ichneumo-

nidae), Spathius exarator L. (Braconidae)

and Plutothrix coelius Walk. (Chalcididae).

Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift 11: 122-134.

Mevi-Schütz J, Klopfstein S, Zwakhals K & D

Burckhardt 2006. The genus Dolichomitus

Smith (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in

Switzerland. Mitteilungen der Schweize-

rischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 79:

201-223.

Perkins JF 1943. Preliminary notes on the

synonymy of the European species of the

Ephialtes complex. Annals and Magazine

of Natural History 10: 249-273.

Roman A 1912. Die Ichneumonidentypen

C.P. Thunbergs. Zoologiska Bidrag fran

Uppsala. 1:229-293.

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dom om Sveriges Pimpler. Opuscula Ento-

mologica 8: 732-777.

Townes H & Townes M 1960. Ichneumon-flies

of America North of Mexico. 2. Subfamily

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tin of the United States National Museum

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Yu DS & Horstmann K 1997. A catalogue of

world Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera).

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Accepted: 10 May 2010

127 entomologische berichten

70 (4) 2010

Samenvatting

Identificatie van West-Palearctische Dolichomitus-soorten (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae:

Pimplinae)

In dit artikel wordt een determinatietabel gegeven tot de West-Palearctische Dolichomitus-

soorten. Voor het hier gepresenteerde werk zijn zo’n 3500 dieren bestudeerd en aan 400

daarvan is een groot aantal metingen verricht die de basis vormen voor de numerieke

informatie in de tabellen. Dolichomitus excavatus, D. milleri en D. quercicolus worden hier

beschreven als nieuwe soorten.

Dolichomitus-soorten zijn in het algemeen vrij grote, slanke sluipwespen met een lange

ovipositor en zwart met rode poten als algemeen kleurpatroon. De ovipositor wordt in

rust aan beide zijden bedekt door een lange ‘flap’ die dienst doet als tastorgaan. Met hun

ovipositor kunnen de dieren doordringen in hout en daarin levende keverlarven parasi-

teren. Daarbij leeft de sluipwesplarve ectoparasitair en zuigt de keverlarve als deze

volgroeid is geheel uit. De ovipositor bestaat uit een centraal bovendeel en daaronder

twee ermee verbonden valven. Tussen deze drie delen bevindt zich in de lengte een kanaal

waardoor het ei naar buiten wordt geperst. De onderste valven bezitten aan het einde groe-

ven en min of meer tandvormige structuren waarmee ze houvast kunnen vinden in het

hout. Door de valven beurtelings te verschuiven kan de sluipwesp de ovipositor het hout in

wrikken. Dit proces wordt vaak ‘boren’ genoemd, maar is het niet. Alleen de legbuis gaat het

hout in en de flappen niet. Die rusten soms op het hout bij de plaats waar ‘geboord’ wordt,

maar ze worden ook wel recht omhoog gestoken. De structuren op de ovipositor spelen een

belangrijke rol bij de determinatie van de soorten. Bij Dolichomitus omvat de onderste valve

op de plaats van die structuren de centrale valve en daardoor is de ovipositor op die plaats

verbreed (zie figuur 8 en 9). Vooral het aantal en de vorm van de groeven op die verbreding

zijn belangrijk voor de determinatie. Zo kunnen groeven voorover hellen (inclivous - zoals

in figuur 22), rechtop staan, of achterover hellen (reclivous - zoals in figuur 18).

Omdat mannetjes geen ovipositor bezitten zijn ze veel kleiner en onopvallender dan

wijfjes en wellicht mede daarom zijn ze veel minder aanwezig in insectencollecties.

Ze missen uiteraard ook de ovipositorstructuren die bij de wijfjes voor de determinatie

worden gebruikt en daarom ontbreken ze vaak in vroegere determinatietabellen. Hier

wordt nu ook een tabel voor de mannetjes gepresenteerd. Daarbij speelt de vorm van de

valven een belangrijke rol (zie figuren 30-53). Zo hebben beide sexen weinig kenmerken met

elkaar gemeen en is het ‘matchen’ van de sexen soms niet eenvoudig. Daartoe leveren bijna

alleen de structuur van het propodeum en de sculptuur van het abdomen bruikbare infor-

matie. Het propodeum is ogenschijnlijk het achterste deel van de thorax en wordt in oude

literatuur wel als metathorax aangeduid. In feite is het een deel van het eerste achterlijfs-

segment, maar bij het tellen van de segmenten van het abdomen wordt het versmalde deel,

de petiolus als eerste segment genomen. Op het propodeum kunnen bij de Ichneumoniden

allerlei lijsten (carinae) aanwezig zijn, maar bij Dolichomitus zijn er hoogstens twee centrale

longitudinale carinae. De mate waarin deze ontwikkeld zijn kan een belangrijke rol spelen

bij de determinatie en bij het koppelen van de sexen.

C.J. (Kees) Zwakhals

Dr. Dreeslaan 204

4241 CM Arkel

keeszwakhals@yahoo.com

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Jan 2008

Halil Bolu

This study was conducted during April-June 2004 in Diyarbak›r province. The ichneumonid parasitoid, Dolichomitus kriechbaumeri (Schulz) (syn. subglabratus), was reared from the larvae of Sphenoptera tappesi Marseul, which infests the trunks and twigs of peach and plum trees in orchards. S. tappesi is a new host for D. kriechbaumeri. Özet: Bu çal›flma, Nisan-Haziran 2004'de Diyarbak›r ilinde yürütülmüfltür. Bir ichneumonid parazitoit olan Dolichomitus kriechbaumeri (Schulz) (syn. subglabratus), meyve bahçelerindeki fleftali ve erik aaçlar›n›n gövde ve dallar›nda beslenen Sphenoptera tappesi Marseul'un larvalar›ndan elde edilmifltir. Bu çal›flma ile ilk defa S. tappesi'nin D. kriechbaumeri'nin konukçusu olduu ortaya konmufltur. Anahtar Sözcükler: Dolichomitus kriechbaumeri, Sphenoptera tappesi, yeni konukçu, Ichneumonidae

Pimpline Ichneumon-flies. Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae (Pimplinae)

Article

Jan 1988

Catalogue of world Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera)

Article

Jan 1997

XXIV.—Preliminary Notes on the Synonymy of the European Species of the Ephialtes Complex (Hym.), Ichneumonidæ

Article

Jan 1943

J. F. Perkins

Zur Systematik und Ökologie der Ichneumoniden III (Hym.)

Article

Apr 2008
DEUT ENTOMOL Z

Rolf Hinz

Ichneumon-Flies of America North of Mexico. 2, Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae /

Article

Jan 1960

Ichneumonides d'Europe appartenant à dix espèces nouvelles et plusieurs genres nouveaux

Jan 1965
15-23

Jf Aubert

Aubert JF 1965. Ichneumonides d'Europe appartenant à dix espèces nouvelles et plusieurs genres nouveaux. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse 1965: 15-23.

Jan 1912
229-293

A Roman

Roman A 1912. Die Ichneumonidentypen C.P. Thunbergs. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala. 1:229-293.

A catalogue and reclassification of the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) described by Entomology series

Jan 1982
1-119

Mg Fitton

Fitton MG 1982. A catalogue and reclassification of the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) described by C.G. Thomson. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology series. 45(1):1-119.

World Ichneumonoidea 2004 -Taxonomy

Jan 2005

Ds Yu
Van Achterberg
C Horstmann

Yu DS, Van Achterberg C & Horstmann K 2005. World Ichneumonoidea 2004 -Taxonomy, Biology, Morphology and Distribution. DVD/CD. Taxapad. Vancouver, Canada. www.taxapad.com.

Identification of Western Palearctic Dolichomitus species (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae)

Abstract

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