Two new species of the genus Trimma (Percomorpha: Gobiidae) from western Thailand. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology

Full text

Abstract
Two new species of the genus Trimma are described.
Trimma fucatum is characterized by the presence of pre-
dorsal scales, two opercular scales (one ctenoid, one
cycloid), an interorbital and a slight postorbital trench, no
elongate dorsal spines, and one dichotomous branch in the
fifth pelvic-fin ray. When alive, T. fucatum has three to
four diffuse rows of orange to yellow blotches, smaller yel-
low spots on the caudal fin, and a distinctive narrow red
bar on the preopercle. Preserved specimens have straw-yel-
low blotches on a brown background. Trimma sanguinellus
is characterized by a lack of predorsal and opercular scales,
the presence of interorbital trenches, a slightly elongate
second dorsal spine, a fleshy ridge on the predorsal mid-
line, and an unbranched fifth pelvic-fin ray. Freshly-caught
specimens are uniformly red-orange. Specimens preserved
in ethanol are straw-yellow. Both new species are currently
known only from the eastern margin of the Indian Ocean.
Zusammenfassung
Beschrieben werden zwei neue Arten der Gattung Trimma.
Trimma fucatum ist gekennzeichnet durch das Vorhanden-
sein prädorsaler Schuppen, zwei Kiemendeckel-Schuppen
(eine Ctenoid-, eine Cycloid-Schuppe), eine Interorbital-
Furche und eine schwächere Postorbital-Furche, nicht ver-
längerte Rückenstacheln und eine dichotome Verzweigung
am fünften Bauchflossenstrahl. Lebende Exemplare von T.
fucatum zeigen drei bis vier diffuse Reihen orangefarbener
bis gelber Tupfen, kleinere gelbe Flecken auf der
Schwanzflosse und einen deutlichen schmalen roten Streifen
auf dem Präoperculum. An konservierten Exemplaren sind
strohgelbe Tupfen auf braunem Grund zu sehen. Trimma
sanguinellus lässt sich durch folgende Merkmale unterschei-
den: keine Schuppen prädorsal und auf dem Kiemendeckel,
Interorbital-Furchen, leicht verlängerter zweiter Rücken-
stachel, ein fleischiger Grat in der prädorsalen Mittellinie
und fehlende Verzweigung am fünften Bauchflossenstrahl.
Frisch gefangene Exemplare zeigen einen einheitlichen rot-
orangenen Farbton. In Äthanol konservierte Exemplare sind
hingegen strohgelb. Die beiden neuen Arten sind bisher nur
vom östlichen Rand des Indischen Ozeans bekannt.
Résumé
Deux nouvelles espèces du genre Trimma sont décrites.
Trimma fucatum se distingue par la présence d’écailles pré-
dorsales, deux écailles operculaires (l’une cténoide, l’autre cy-
cloïde), un sillon interorbital et un léger sillon postorbital,
par l’absence de rayons dorsaux allongés et la présence d’un
cinquème rayon de la pelvienne dichotomiquement divisé.
En vie, T. fucatum arbore trois à quatre rangées diffuses de ta-
ches orange à jaunes, de plus petites taches jaunes sur la cau-
dale et une fine ligne rouge bien nette sur le préopercule. Les
spécimens conservés présentent des taches jaune paille sur un
fond brun noir. Trimma sanguinellus se distingue par l’ab-
sence d’écailles prédorsales et operculaires, par la présence de
sillons interorbitaux, un deuxième rayon dorsal légèrement
allongé, un renflement sur la ligne centrale prédorsale et un
cinquième rayon de la pelvienne sans division. Les spécimens
fraîchement capturés sont d’un rouge orange uniforme. Les
espèces conservées dans l’éthanol sont jaune paille. Les deux
nouvelles espèces n’ont jusqu’à présent été observées que dans
la marge est de l’Océan Indien.
Sommario
Due nuove specie del genere Trimma sono descritte.
Trimma fucatum è caratterizzata dalla presenza di scaglie pre-
dorsali, due scaglie opercolari (una ctenoide e una cicloide),
una fossa interorbitale e una postorbitale più ridotta, assenza
di spine dorsali allungate e il quinto raggio della pinna pet-
torale ramificato. La colorazione naturale di T. fucatum pre-
senta tre o quattro file di grosse macchie diffuse di colore che
varia dall’arancio al giallo, piccole macchie gialle sulla pinna
caudale e una sottile ma ben distinta barra rossa sul preoper-
colo. Gli esemplari conservati hanno macchie giallo paglie-
rino su fondo marrone. Trimma sanguinellus è caratterizzata
dall’assenza di scaglie predorsali e opercolari, dalla presenza di
fosse interorbitali, dalla seconda spina dorsale leggermente al-
lungata, da una cresta carnosa sulla linea mediana predorsale
e dal quinto raggio della pinna pelvica non ramificato. Gli
esemplari appena catturati sono uniformemente rosso-aran-
cio, mentre quelli conservati in etanolo sono giallo paglieri-
no. Entrambe queste nuove specie sono al momento note so-
lo da località lungo il margine orientale dell’oceano Indiano.
aqua vol. 13 no. 2 - 8 November 2007
69
aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology
Two new species of the genus Trimma (Percomorpha: Gobiidae)
from western Thailand
Richard Winterbottom1and Laura Southcott2
1) Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto,
Ontario, M5S 2C6, Canada. Corresponding author, e-mail: rickw@rom.on.ca
2) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, M5S 3G5, Canada.
Received: 17 September 2007 – Accepted: 02 October 2007

INTRODUCTION
Trimma Jordan & Seale, 1906 contains about 85
species of small (<30 mm SL), often colourful gob-
iids, primarily associated with Indo-Pacific coral
reefs. Members of the genus may be recognized by
the lack of cephalic sensory canal pores, much
reduced cephalic sensory papillae pattern, wide gill
opening extending to below the vertical limb of the
preopercle or anterior to this, lack of spicules on
the outer gill rakers of the first gill arch, fewer than
12 dorsal and anal-fin rays, and a fifth pelvic-fin
ray that is equal to or more than 40% the length of
the fourth pelvic fin ray. There are 53 valid species
of Trimma and approximately 30-35 additional
known undescribed species.
METHODS
Methods and the format of the descriptions fol-
low Winterbottom (2002), except that pectoral-
and pelvic-fin ray branching is described from pre-
served material stained with a cyanine blue solu-
tion as outlined in Saruwatari et al. (1997). Values
for holotype in bold where appropriate. Abbrevia-
tions for repositories of material examined: PMBC
– Phuket Marine Biological Center; ROM – Royal
Ontario Museum. Non-type material includes
samples taken for subsequent genomic analysis.
Figures 2 and 5 were produced from multiple dig-
ital images taken with a Nikon D100 camera
attached to a Zeiss SV8 dissecting microscope at
slightly incremental focal planes, then collated into
a single image using Archimed™ (GT Vision).
Trimma fucatum n. sp.
Harlot Pygmy Goby (Figs 1, 2A-B, 3A)
Material examined: A total of nine lots, 260 type
specimens, plus an additional 10 lots, 33 non-type
specimens, all from the Andaman Sea, Molucca
Strait in the vicinity of Phuket, Thailand, collected
by R. Winterbottom, W. Holleman, R. Mooi, and
U. Satapoomin.
Holotype: ROM 81759, 19.8 mm SL male, south-
east end of Ko Racha Noi, 07°28’15”N
98°19’35”E, 1.5-9.1 m, 18 November 1993.
Paratypes: PMBC 21161, 10, 14.4-19.5 mm SL,
collected with the holotype. ROM 68096, 1, 15.0
mm SL, NE side of Ko Aeo, 07°45’47”N
98°20’24”E, 0-6.1m, 10 November 1993. ROM
68097, 17, 10.5-22.3 mm SL, west side of Kata
Bay just E. of Ko Pu, 07°48’25”N 98°17’32”E,
3-8.2 m, 14 November 1993. ROM 68098, 16,
9.5-21.0 mm SL, Ko Hi, bay on south coast about
middle of its length, 07°44’30”N 98°22’33”E, 6.1-
10.1 m, 11 November 1993. ROM 68767, 19,
13.1-19.8 mm SL, west coast of Phuket at Patong
Beach, off sandy beach near north tip of bay,
07°55’15”N 98°16’16”E, 7.6-12.8 m, 13 Novem-
ber 1993. ROM 68769, 76, 8.3-20.6 mm SL, bay
on east coast of Ko Racha Yai near north tip,
07°36’15”N 98°22’50”E, 3.0-7.6 m, 16 Novem-
ber 1993. ROM 68771, 62, 9.3-20.9 mm SL, col-
lected with the holotype. ROM 68772, 3, 14.9-
20.4 mm SL, south tip of Ko Rachi Yai,
07°35’00”N 98°21’45”E, 15.2-21.3 m, 19
November 1993. ROM 68773, 32, 10.0-22.0
mm SL, Ko Racha Yai, southeast side, 07°35’14”N
98°22’07”E, 3.0-6.1 m, 19 November 1993.
ROM 68774, 17, 12.4-19.0 mm SL, Ko Mai
Thon, northwest tip, 07°45’40”N 98°28’45”E,
4.6-8.5 m, 23 November 1993. ROM 1778CS,
5(17.7-21.5), collected with the holotype.
aqua vol. 13 no. 2 - 8 November 2007 70
Two new species of the genus Trimma (Percomorpha: Gobiidae) from western Thailand
Fig. 1. Trimma fucatum, 21.0 mm SL male paratype, Phuket, Thailand, ROM 68098. Photo by R. Winterbottom.

Non-type material: Tissue samples for genetic
analysis: ROM T00447, ROM T00448, ROM
T00475. Also ROM 68250 (6); ROM 68251 (5);
ROM 68765 (2); ROM 68766 (4); ROM 68768
(2); ROM 68770 (2); ROM 68775 (2); ROM
68777 (1); ROM 68778 (3); ROM 68779 (2),
ROM 69230 (1).
Diagnosis: Trimma fucatum is characterized by the
presence of predorsal scales, non-elongate second
and third dorsal spines, interorbital and postorbital
trenches, two opercular scales, and a single dichoto-
mous branch in the fifth pelvic-fin ray. When alive,
T. fucatum has three or four rows of yellow to
orange blotches along the body and a narrow red
bar on the vertical limb of the preopercle.
Description: The following description is based
on the holotype and up to 31 paratypes. Dorsal
fins VI + I 7-8-9 (mean = 7.9, n = 26), second and
third spines not elongate, reaching only as far as
the first few elements of the second dorsal fin when
adpressed, rays all branched or, more often, all
except the first; anal fin I 7-8(mean = 7.8, n = 26),
usually all but first branched; pectoral fin 18-19-20
(mean = 18, n = 20), all unbranched, reaching pos-
teriorly to a vertical line with anus or as far as ori-
gin of third anal-fin ray, most often to spine or first
fin ray; pelvic fin I 5, no frenum, full basal mem-
brane but often torn, first four rays with one
sequential branch, fifth ray branched once
dichotomously (twice dichotomously in one speci-
men) and 30-40-60% the length of the fourth
(mean = 45%, n = 26), fourth ray reaching poste-
riorly to between anus and origin of third anal-fin
ray, most often to spine or first fin ray. Lateral
scales 21-23-25 (mean = 22.2, n = 26), anterior
transverse scales 6-7(mean = 6.9, n = 26), poste-
rior transverse scales 6-7, (mean = 6.8, n = 26),
predorsal scales 4-5(mean = 4.7, n = 25), 3-5 rows
of cycloid scales on breast, 2-4cycloid scales on
pectoral base, scales on head extend to just behind
eye, cheek scaleless, opercle with one ctenoid and
one smaller, posterior cycloid scale (both often
missing). Gill opening extends anteroventrally
between the posterior and anterior margins of the
pupil. Upper jaw with outer row of enlarged,
curved, spaced caniniform teeth which decrease in
size distally, extending to end of premaxilla, several
irregular inner rows of small coniform teeth near
symphysis, tapering to a single row at end of pre-
maxilla. Lower jaw with outer row of 6-9 enlarged,
curved, spaced caniniform teeth extending laterally
to bend of dentary; an innermost row of lesser
developed caniniform teeth, slightly curved near
symphysis, straighter and smaller distally, where
they continue to base of coronoid process, two to
three irregular rows of densely packed smaller coni-
form teeth between these rows from symphysis
which continue up anterior face of coronoid
process. Cephalic sensory papillae as in Fig. 2, rows
band d(of Sanzo 1911) well developed and con-
sisting of 7-8 papillae each. Tongue parenthesis-
shaped or bilobed, less commonly truncate. Gill
rakers on first arch 3-4 + 10-14 = 13-18 (mean =
14.6, n = 15). Anterior nasal opening a tube, pos-
terior nasal opening a pore with a raised rim, both
protruding from raised oval sac midway between
orbit and upper lip. Bony interorbital 20-25-33%
pupil width, with narrow, moderately developed
(about as wide as deep) interorbital trench and
slight postorbital trench. First caudal vertebra
aqua vol. 13 no. 2 - 8 November 2007
71
Richard Winterbottom and Laura Southcott
Fig. 2. Trimma fucatum, 18.3 mm SL male paratype,
Phuket, Thailand, ROM 68772; specimen stained with
cyanine blue. A. dorsal view of head; B. lateral view of
head. Note: Anterior opercular scale missing; correspond-
ing scale pocket outlined. Unlabeled arrow = anteroventral
extent of gill opening. Photos and image enhancement by
L. Southcott.
B
A

(Fig. 3 A) with dorsal margin of haemal canal bor-
dering centrum, arches then fused in midline for
14 % total height, and separating to form a fora-
men for next 39% of height before fusing again for
final 36% of total height.
Colour pattern (from slides of four freshly
collected specimens from Thailand, description
based mainly on a 21.0 mm SL male, ROM
68098, with comments on variation from two
juveniles, 13.7 and 15.0 mm SL, and a 22.8 mm
SL male): Background dark brown to greyish, paler
on cheek and becoming lighter posteriorly and
ventrally on body, with numerous diffuse, scat-
tered, orange to red-orange, approximately scale-
sized spots on the body. Scale pockets strongly to
diffusely outlined with darker chromatophores.
Spots along dorsum form vague saddles, the first
below second to fourth spines of first dorsal fin, the
second just posterior to sixth spine, the third below
bases of second to third dorsal fin rays, and the
fourth between bases of fifth to sixth rays. Two
photographed specimens with strongly outlined
scale pockets and light grey centres, but this
appears due to loss of scales through net abrasion.
Cheek liberally covered with brown chro-
matophores, somewhat more densely packed along
posterior one quarter, snout a little darker. Iris dark
red with thin light halo around inner margin. Pec-
toral fin base with an orange to red elongate spot
about pupil-diameter in height surrounded by scat-
tered brown chromatophores. A crescentic or
pupil-diameter orange to red marking on pos-
terodorsal portion of opercle. An orange to red bar
along vertical limb of preopercle, extending as a
spot or as part of the bar to margin of branchioste-
gal membrane ventrally and curving towards pos-
terior margin of orbit dorsally (this portion as a
separate spot in a 15.0 mm SL juvenile). Just above
and behind this bar, a slightly wider orange or red
saddle-like bar crosses the dorsum in vicinity of
first predorsal scale. An orange to red, pupil-diam-
eter saddle across the dorsum midway between this
bar and origin of first dorsal spine. Dorsal fins with
hyaline membranes containing a few scattered light
grey chromatophores, with a yellow-orange spot
proximally on first spine, on and between third
and fourth spines, and on and between bases of
fifth and sixth spines, similar spots on and between
the spine and first ray of second dorsal fin on base
of third ray, and on and between fourth and fifth
rays; proximal half of central region of caudal fin
with scattered, one-third pupil-diameter-sized yel-
low-orange spots, fin rays reddish and interradial
membrane light grey; anal-fin rays reddish with a
dusky distal margin and light grey interradial
membranes; pectoral and pelvic rays reddish with
light grey to hyaline membranes. Juveniles of 13.7
and 15.0 mm SL, both showing evidence of net
abrasion, with the reddish markings on the mid-
region of the trunk as bars rather than spots, the
first just behind pectoral-fin base, the second
below middle of first dorsal fin, and the third
below origin of second dorsal fin; these bars are off-
set from the saddles across the dorsum.
Colour pattern in alcohol: Background
colour straw-yellow; most of body covered with
brown chromatophores. Scale pockets clearly out-
aqua vol. 13 no. 2 - 8 November 2007 72
Two new species of the genus Trimma (Percomorpha: Gobiidae) from western Thailand
Fig. 3. Anterior view of first caudal vertebra of: A. Trimma
fucatum, 21.5 mm SL male paratype, ROM 1778CS;
B. Trimma sanguinellus, 20.2 mm SL male paratype, ROM
1779CS. Abbreviations: HA = haemal arch; HC = haemal
canal; HS = haemal spine. Photo and image enhancement
by R. Winterbottom.
B
A

lined even in fully scaled specimens, but pattern of
rows of paler blotches predominates. Dorsalmost
rows on either side often merging to form a series
of saddles. Top row usually most distinct; lower
rows may merge into a random array of blotches.
Bar on preopercle lacks visible chromatophores.
Chromatophores heavier on dorsal half of head
and pectoral-fin base than on ventral half, but
interorbital trench generally unpigmented. Some
individuals of both sexes also have melanophores
evenly distributed over ventral half of cheek, oper-
cle, and pectoral fin base. Chromatophores extend
onto caudal, dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins, form-
ing two rows on second dorsal fin; rarely extend
onto pelvic fin, which is otherwise hyaline.
Melanophores often occur along tips of anal-fin
rays, forming a second row parallel to the row of
chromatophores at the base. Melanophores also
often form two parallel rows along sides of genital
papilla of both sexes.
Comparisons: Trimma fucatum is very similar to
T. annosum, Winterbottom, 2003. The two species
share many characteristics, including eight rays in
the second dorsal and anal fins, a similar number
of pectoral-fin rays (17-19 for T. annosum, 18-20
for T. fucatum), no scales on the cheek, four or
fewer cycloid scales on the pectoral base, and a fifth
pelvic-fin ray branched dichotomously once. In
the original description, T. annosum is reported to
have only one scale on the opercle (Winterbottom
2003); however, examination of specimens identi-
fied as this species from Palau has shown that they
consistently have two scales, both usually ctenoid,
although sometimes the smaller posterior scale may
be cycloid. The new species appears to have one
larger, ctenoid scale plus one smaller, cycloid scale
on the opercle. Trimma annosum, like T. fucatum,
has three or four rows of orange to yellow blotches
on a greyish background, as well as smaller yellow
spots on the caudal fin and uniformly grey to
brown cheeks. Each species has a characteristic pat-
tern of four bright red marks behind the eye.
Trimma annosum has four spots of roughly equal
size located on the preopercle, immediately poste-
rior to the eye, on the posterodorsal margin of the
opercle, and on the pectoral-fin base. Trimma fuca-
tum has a bar rather than a spot on the preopercle
and the spot immediately behind the eye is much
reduced in size; the bar usually extends ventrally to
the branchiostegal membrane and often nearly
merges with the postorbital spot. Rarely, the pre-
opercular spot of T. annosum may be elongate and
thus bar-like, but it is never as long as that of T.
fucatum. Trimma fucatum has deeper, more exten-
sive, and more consistently present postorbital
trenches than T. annosum, and usually has a fifth
pelvic-fin ray less than 50% the length of the
fourth (52% of specimens vs. 14% in T. annosum).
Trimma annosum has not yet been reported from
Thailand.
Trimma flammeum (Smith, 1959), T. macroph-
thalma (Tomiyama, 1936), T. okinawae (Aoyagi,
1949), and the presently undescribed species
T. DFH sp. 17, like T. fucatum, have rows of yel-
low to orange blotches. Trimma flammeum and
T. macrophthalma lack predorsal scales, have an
elongate second dorsal spine, and have multiple
yellow spots on the cheek, opercle, and pectoral-fin
base. Preserved T. flammeum have smaller, more
densely spaced blotches on the body and lack the
vertical preopercular bar. Trimma okinawae differs
from T. fucatum in that it has spots throughout the
second dorsal fin (rather than only basally), an
elongate second dorsal spine, branched pectoral-fin
rays, an unbranched fifth pelvic-fin ray, and pat-
terned cheeks. Preserved specimens of T. okinawae
have a crisp ‘fishnet’ pattern of scale pockets and no
light blotches. Slides of T. okinawae from Thailand
show several spots on the cheek, but these may coa-
lesce into a bar; in this case, the bar is located on the
cheek rather than on the preopercle. Trimma DFH
sp. 17 has two distinct rows of blotches, a naked
predorsal midline, unbranched fifth pelvic-fin rays,
and a yellow spot on the preopercle.
Tissue samples from three specimens of Trimma
fucatum from Phuket were analyzed for nucleotide
sequence diversity in the cytochrome c oxidase
subunit 1 gene (CO1) for the Barcode of Life
(BOL) program at the University of Guelph. The
three individuals differed from each other by 0.62-
2.04% and from T. annosum by 8.02-9.9%.
Discussion: Sex ratios of two lots (ROM 68769
and ROM 68771) containing more than 60 in-
dividuals were significantly female-biased (x2,
p = 0.0001 and 0.0023 for male:female ratios of
1:2.7 and 1:2.2 respectively). Seven individuals that
we consider to be intersexes on the basis of their
intermediate genital morphology (and not juveniles,
as they have attained adult size) were also found.
These observations suggest that T. fucatum may have
a similar mating system to that of its polygynous,
serially sex-changing congener T. okinawae, which
forms social units of one male and a mean of 2.8-3.0
females (Sunobe & Nakazono 1990).
aqua vol. 13 no. 2 - 8 November 2007
73
Richard Winterbottom and Laura Southcott

Distribution:
T
rimma
f
ucatu
m
h
as
b
een
f
oun
d
in
t
he Andaman Sea, Phuket, Thailand in de
p
ths
r
an
g
in
g
f
rom 0-23 m. T
h
e specimens were co
l-
l
ected from patch reefs and coral slopes wit
h
d
iverse cora
l
cover, exce
p
t
f
or ROM 68772, w
h
ic
h
w
as collected from a steep (45°) wall of large boul-
d
ers wit
h
l
itt
l
e a
lg
a
l
or cora
l
g
rowt
h
. A sin
gl
e spec-
imen
(
ROM 69230
)
was co
ll
ecte
d
at Nort
h
Surin
I
sland, about 200 km north of Phuket, by Ukkri
t
Satapoomin.
E
tymo
l
ogy:
F
rom the Latin ‘fucatus’, meanin
g
painte
d
, co
l
oure
d
, or rou
g
e
d
; in re
f
erence to t
he
r
ed markings on and around the preopercle. Sug
-
g
este
d
common name:
h
ar
l
ot py
g
my
g
o
b
y.
Trimma
f
ucatu
m
h
as been referred to informall
y
(in litt.) a
s
Trimma
R
W s
p
. 79
.
Trimma sanguine
ll
us
n
. s
p
.
Sanguinello Pygmy Goby (Figs 3B, 4, 5A-B
)
Material Examined: A total of three lots, 17 type
sp
ecimens
f
rom t
h
e An
d
aman Sea, Mo
l
ucca Strai
t
in the vicinit
y
of
P
h
uket, Thailand and off the west
c
oast o
f
S
umatra
,
In
d
onesia.
H
olotype
:
R
OM 81760, 16.6 mm SL female,
RR
Andaman Sea
,
Molucca Strait
,
north of Phuket o
n
th
e east coast o
f
Simi
l
an Is
l
an
d
, 08°38’N 97°39’E,
0
-17 m, U. Sata
p
oomin et al., 14 December 1993.
P
aratypes:
Th
ai
l
an
d
: PMBC 21162, 2(15.8-18.2)
,
c
ollected with the holotype. ROM 68114, 1(16.4)
,
s
out
h
east en
d
o
f
Ko Rac
h
a Noi
,
o
ff
l
ast
b
eac
h
before short break to next island, 07°28’15”
N
9
8°19’35”E
,
15.2-22.3 m
,
R. Winter
b
ottom
,
W
.
Ho
ll
eman R. Mooi, U. Satapoomin, 18 Novem
b
e
r
1
993. ROM 68252, 10(10.8-21.1), collected with
t
h
e
h
o
l
otype. In
d
onesia: ROM 70734, 2(15.7-
16.2), Selat Mentawai, off Padang, south side o
f
P
u
l
au Pan
d
an near sma
ll
caves an
d
l
e
dg
es at
b
ase o
f
d
rop-off, 00°56’36”S 100°08’12”E, 25-26 m, S.
G
en
d
ron, H. Kunzman, J. Ran
d
a
ll
, 17 A
p
ri
l
1997
.
ROM 1779CS, 1
(
20.2
)
, collected with the holo-
t
y
p
e.
Diagnosis: Trimma sanguine
ll
us is c
h
aracterize
d
b
y a naked predorsal midline with a fleshy rid
g
e,
a
sl
ig
h
t
l
y e
l
ongate secon
d
d
orsa
l
spine, interor
b
ita
l
trenches, and the absence of o
p
ercular scales. Th
e
f
i
f
t
h
pe
l
vic
f
in ray is un
b
ranc
h
e
d
. W
h
en a
l
ive,
T.
sanguinellu
s
is uniformly orange-red.
Descri
p
tion:
Th
e
d
escri
p
tion is
b
ase
d
on t
h
e
holotype and up to 16 paratypes. Dorsal fins VI +
I
8-
9
-10 (mean = 9.0, n = 17), secon
d
s
p
ine usu-
all
y s
l
ig
h
t
l
y e
l
ongate, reac
h
ing as
f
ar as origin o
f
f
o
ur
th element of secon
d
d
orsal fin when
ad
presse
d
, ray
b
ranc
h
ing pattern varia
bl
e, usua
ll
y
a
ll branched or all exce
p
t first or last; anal fin I 7-
9
(7 once, mean = 8.8, n = 17), usua
ll
y a
ll
b
ut
f
irs
t
r
ay branched; pectoral fin 17-
1
8
-
19
(
mean = 18.2
,
n = 14), usua
ll
y a
ll
un
b
ranc
h
e
d
(in two s
p
ecimens
,
a
single central ray slightly branched),
r
eachin
g
p
osterior
l
y to a
v
er
t
ica
l
l
ine wit
h
g
enita
l
papi
ll
a,
s
ometimes as
f
ar as origin o
f
t
h
ir
d
ana
l
-
f
in ra
y
;
p
elvic fin I 5, no frenum, basal membrane usually
v
estigia
l
, occasiona
ll
y up to 30 % o
f
f
in
l
engt
h,
f
irst four rays with one se
q
uential branch, fifth ray
un
b
ranc
h
e
d
(
b
ranc
h
e
d
d
ic
h
otomous
l
y once on one
s
ide of one individual
)
and 50
-
60
-
65% length of
f
ourt
h
,
f
ourt
h
ray reac
h
in
g
posterior
l
y to a vertica
l
line with origin of first to fifth element of anal fin.
L
ate
r
al
scales
22-
24
-26 (22 once, 26 once, mean =
24.1, n = 17
)
, anterior transverse sca
l
es 8
-
9
-
1
0
(mean = 9.1, n = 16),
p
osterior transverse scales
a
qua vo
l
. 13 no. 2 - 8 Novem
b
er 200
7
7
4
Two new species o
f
t
h
e
g
enus
T
rimma (Percomorp
h
a: Go
b
ii
d
ae)
f
rom western T
h
ai
l
an
d
Fi
g
. 4.
T
rimma san
g
uinellus
,
16.7 mm SL female
p
araty
p
e, Phuket, Thailand, ROM 68114. Photo by R. Winterbottom
.

7
-
8, (mean = 7.8, n = 16), na
k
e
d
pre
d
orsa
l
mi
d-
l
ine, scales on sides of head extend to half-
p
u
p
il
d
iameter
b
e
h
in
d
eye to just
b
e
h
in
d
eye, 5-9 rows o
f
c
ycloid scales on breast,
4
-11 cycloid scales in 3-
4
vertica
l
rows on pectora
l
b
ase, c
h
ee
k
an
d
operc
l
e
s
caleless. Gill opening extends anteroventrally to
b
etween posterior an
d
anterior mar
g
ins o
f
pupi
l
,
u
sually to mid-pupil. Lower jaw with an outer row
o
f
en
l
ar
g
e
d
, curve
d
, canini
f
orm teet
h
an
d
tw
o
i
rregu
l
ar inner rows; mi
ddl
e row o
f
sma
ll
coni
f
orm
t
eeth, innermost row of lar
g
er caniniform teet
h
a
l
most as
l
arge as teet
h
in outer row. Upper jaw
w
ith an outer row of irre
g
ularly spaced, enlar
g
ed,
c
urve
d
, canini
f
orm teet
h
an
d
two to t
h
ree irre
g
u
l
a
r
i
nner rows of small coniform teeth
,
with teeth i
n
i
nn
e
rm
ost
row s
l
i
gh
t
l
y en
l
ar
g
e
d
. Cep
h
a
l
ic sensor
y
papillae as in Fig. 5. Tongue truncated or slightl
y
b
i
l
o
b
e
d
, sometimes
p
arent
h
esis-s
h
a
p
e
d
. Gi
ll
ra
k
ers
on
f
irst arc
h
4 + 11-13 = 15-17,
(
mean = 15.8,
n
= 4). Anterior nasal openin
g
a tube, posterior
n
asa
l
opening a pore wit
h
a raise
d
rim,
b
ot
h
open-
i
n
g
s on a raised oval sac confined to anterior half o
f
s
nout. Bon
y
interor
b
ita
l
25
-
33
-38% pupi
l
wi
d
t
h,
w
ith a moderate to well-developed interorbita
l
t
renc
h
an
d
sometimes a s
l
i
gh
t postor
b
ita
l
trenc
h
. A
n
arrow, medial ridge of tissue, tapering anteriorly,
exten
d
s
fr
om
j
ust in
f
ront o
f
b
ase o
f
f
irst
d
orsa
l
s
pine two-t
h
ir
d
s o
f
t
h
e
d
istance to mi
ddl
e o
f
i
nte
r
o
rbital. A row of 5-6 sensory
p
a
p
illae on both
s
i
d
es o
f
posterior en
d
o
f
ri
d
ge. First cau
d
a
l
verte
b
ra
w
ith a haemal canal and a separate large spac
e
b
etween
h
a
l
ves o
f
h
aema
l
arc
h
es w
h
ic
h
j
oin
d
ista
ll
y
t
o form haemal spine (Fig. 3B; much as illustrate
d
fo
r
T.
annosum
,
Winter
b
ottom, 2003, Fi
g
. 14,
i
nset
)
.
S
econd and subsequent caudal vertebra
e
w
it
h
a som
e
wh
at e
l
on
g
ate
h
aema
l
cana
l
an
d
n
o
s
eparate space
.
C
olour
p
attern (from slides of a freshly col
-
l
ecte
d
specimen
f
rom T
h
ai
l
an
d)
:
H
ea
d
, iris, an
d
body deep orange-red, most intense on head an
d
l
i
gh
test on cau
d
a
l
pe
d
unc
l
e,
l
i
b
era
ll
y sprin
kl
e
d
w
ith dark brown to almost black chromatophores
,
th
e
l
atter most
h
eavi
l
y concentrate
d
on trun
k
above pectoral fin. Chromatophores tend to be dif-
f
use
l
y concentrate
d
a
l
on
g
sca
l
e poc
k
ets, w
h
ic
h
ar
e
th
us vague
l
y out
l
ine
d
. Upper an
d
l
ower inner mar-
gins of iris lighter
, white abo
r
v
e an
d
bl
u
e below
.
E
l
ements o
f
pe
l
vic
f
in
h
eavi
l
y investe
d
wit
h
d
ar
k
c
h
r
o
mato
p
hor
e
s, those of other fins
p
ale
r
ed
with
s
tron
g
er re
d
out
l
ine. Fin mem
b
ranes
h
eavi
l
y sprin-
k
led with almost black chromatopho
r
es, es
p
ecially
c
oncentrate
d
at
b
ases o
f
secon
d
d
orsa
l
an
d
ana
l
f
in
s
w
here they form a diffuse, dark stripe about one-
quarter pupil-diameter in hei
g
ht
.
C
o
l
our pattern in a
l
co
h
o
l
:Bo
d
y an
d
head straw yellow, uniformly li
g
htly speckled with
ch
romatop
h
ores, me
l
anop
h
ores
f
aint
l
y out
l
inin
g
s
cale pockets. More melanophores on head, includ-
i
n
g
interor
b
ita
l
trenc
h
es. C
h
romatop
h
ores exten
d
onto dorsal, anal, and caudal fins; melanophore
s
f
orm stripe a
l
on
g
b
ase o
f
d
orsa
l
an
d
ana
l
f
ins. Pec-
t
oral fins h
y
aline
.
C
om
p
arisons: Several s
p
ecies o
f
T
rimma
s
u
p
erfi
-
c
ia
lly
resem
bl
e
T
. sanguine
ll
us in t
h
eir uni
f
orm re
d
t
o yellow colouration. Of these s
p
ecies, T. emeryi
W
inter
b
ottom, 1985, T
.
milta
Winter
b
ottom,
2
002, and the presently undescribed species
T
.
RW
sp
.
84
h
ave a sca
l
e
d
na
p
e (vs. a na
k
e
d
na
p
e in
T
. sanguinellus). Trimma benjamini Winterbottom,
1
99
6,
T
.
corallinum
(Smit
h
, 1959),
T.
omanensis
W
inter
b
ottom, 2000, T
.
stobbsi
Winter
b
ottom,
aq
ua vol. 13 no. 2 - 8 November 2007
75
R
ic
h
ar
d
Winter
b
ottom an
d
Laura Sout
h
cot
t
Fi
g
. 5. Trimma san
g
uine
ll
us,
1
9.7 mm SL
f
ema
l
e paratype
,
ROM 68252; s
p
ecimen stained with cyanine blue.
A.
d
or
-
s
a
l
view o
f
h
ea
d
;
B.
l
atera
l
view o
f
h
ea
d
. Note: ri
gh
t oper-
c
le removed for gill raker count. Unlabeled arrow =
a
nteroventra
l
extent o
f
g
i
ll
openin
g
. P
h
oto an
d
ima
g
e
e
nhancement by L. Southcott.

2001, T. woutsi Winterbottom, 2001, and the
undescribed species T. RW sp. 24, T. RW sp. 62,
and T. RW sp. 63 have both somwhat uniform
colouration when preserved and a naked nape. Of
these, all but T. stobbsi have branched (one or more
times dichotomously) fifth pelvic-fin rays. Trimma
stobbsi can be distinguished by a dark oval spot on
the upper opercle, a stronger demarcation of the
scale pockets, several branched pectoral-fin rays,
and, usually, a non-elongate second dorsal spine.
Trimma benjamini is highly variable, but has a fifth
pelvic-fin ray branching once dichotomously and a
thin ring of melanophores around the orbit with
two short bars below the eye. Trimma corallinum
and T. omanensis lack scales on the head, and have
a diffuse dark bar along the bases of the pectoral-
fin rays and a fifth pelvic-fin ray branching
dichotomously twice. Trimma RW spp. 24, 62,
and 63 have fleshy predorsal ridges, extending
between the eyes in the latter two, but all three also
have branched fifth pelvic-fin rays.
Distribution: Trimma sanguinellus has been col-
lected from western Thailand (Similan Islands and
Phuket) and Indonesia (one collection, near
Padang on the west coast of Sumatra).
Etymology: The Sanguinello is a variety of blood
orange, whose red-suffused flesh resembles this
goby’s unusual body colour. The Latin ‘sanguinellus’
literally means ‘little blood’. To be treated as a noun
in apposition. Trimma sanguinellus has been referred
to informally (in litt.) as Trimma RW sp. 81.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Many thanks to Wouter Holleman and Randy
Mooi, co-collectors of the type specimens, who
also prepared specimens for photography and
processed the collections. The assistance of Ukkrit
Satapoomin (PMBC), who not only was active in
the above tasks but also organized all the logistical
matters for our trip to Phuket, is very gratefully
acknowledged. Bob Hanner (University of
Guelph) and Mary Burridge (Royal Ontario
Museum) provided and/or analysed the results of
the genomic information. This study was sup-
ported by NSERC Discovery Grant 7619 to RW,
and by an NSERC Undergraduate Student
Research Award to LS.
REFERENCES
SARUWATARI, T., LOPEZ, J. A., & PIETSCH, T. W. (1997)
Cyanine blue: a versatile and harmless stain for specimen
observation. Copeia, 1997: 840-841.
SANZO, L. (1911) Distribuzioine delle papille cutanee
(organi ciatiformi) e suo valore sistematico nei Gobi.
Mitteilungen aus der Zoologische Station zu Neapel, 20 (2):
251-328.
SUNOBE, T. & NAKAZONO, A. (1990) Polygynous mating
system of Trimma okinawae (Pisces: Gobiidae) at
Kagoshima, Japan with a note on sex change. Ethology,
84: 133-143.
WINTERBOTTOM, R. (2002) Two new species of Trimma
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Two new species of the genus Trimma (Percomorpha: Gobiidae) from western Thailand