BookPDF Available

Building Blocks, Volumes 1 and 2

Authors:
Douglas H. Clements at University of Denver
Douglas H. Clements
Julie Sarama at University of Denver
Julie Sarama
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Abstract

Building Blocks (Clements & Sarama, 2007a) is a National Science Foundation-funded mathematics curriculum designed using a comprehensive Curriculum Research Framework (Clements, 2007) to address numeric/quantitative and geometric/spatial ideas and skills. Woven throughout are mathematical subthemes, such as sorting and sequencing, as well as mathematical processes. General processes include communicating, reasoning, representing, and problem solving and the overarching mathematizing. Specific mathematical processes include number and shape composition and patterning. These were determined to be critical mathematical building blocks (the same body of research and expertise guided the consonant Curriculum Focal Points, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2006).
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SRA Real Math
| MATH
SRA Real Math
Grades Pre-K–6
Use SRA Real Math’s true-to-life applications, standards-based
curriculum, and extensive teacher resources to help your
students develop essential math skills through engaging and
exciting lessons. Differentiated instruction helps you reach
every student in your classroom. Make AYP and meet state
standards with a proven, quality education for all students,
including:
•Students in need of intervention
•English-language learners
• High-achieving students ready for enrichment
SRA Real Math’s research-based and classroom-proven
instruction is the first to incorporate all five strands of
mathematical proficiency in every lesson:
• Understanding
Comprehending mathematical concepts, operations, and
relations – knowing what mathematical symbols, diagrams,
and procedures mean
• Computing
Carrying out mathematical procedures, such as adding,
subtracting, multiplying, and dividing numbers flexibly,
accurately, efficiently, and appropriately
• Applying
Being able to formulate problems mathematically and devise
strategies for solving them using concepts and procedures
appropriately
• Reasoning
Using logic to explain and justify a solution to a problem or
to extend from something known to something not yet
known
• Engaging
Seeing mathematics as sensible, useful, and doable
Build understanding by combining computational skills with conceptual development
New!
SRA Real Math, Grades Pre-K–6
Teacher’s Editions
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Program Features
• Hands-on learning helps
students understand the
importance of math in
their daily lives.
• Lessons require thinking
— not just calculation and
memorization — to better
prepare students for real
world applications.
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SRA Real Math
| MATH
SRA Real Math’s comprehensive program gives you everything
you need to face the diverse challenges of your classroom:
• Intervention lessons
• Easy-to-use lesson plans
• Activity ideas
• Integrated technology
• Enrichment
• Reteaching strategies
• Assessment opportunities
• Engaging activities
• Professional development
Every SRA Real Math lesson has been:
• Rigorously field-tested
• Developed one grade level at a time
• Continually refined since 1970
• Deeply rooted in author experiences and research
SRA Real Math contributes to stronger math test scores by
providing your students with:
• Time-tested lessons
• Explicit instruction
• Proven teaching strategies
• Ongoing assessment
• Activities that build and reinforce mastery
Every chapter and lesson focuses on skill building and deeply
develops concepts. All lessons are carefully designed to:
•Include continual practice and review of skills
•Teach for depth of understanding
•Provide for differentiated instruction
•Develop math proficiency in all areas
SRA Real Math, Grades K–6
Student Editions
For SRA Real Math
suite of technology,
see page
180
• All five strands of math
proficiency are integrated
into every lesson, creating
a solid foundation in math
skills and application.
• Alternate ways to solve
problems encourage
thinking, not just
practicing problem-solving
strategies.
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SRA Real Math
| MATH
SRA Real Math
Grades Pre-K–6
SRA Real Math’s instruction includes unique lesson ideas, the
latest technology, and engaging games that stimulate critical
thinking as students formulate strategies and solve realistic
problems. SRA Real Math offers an all-inclusive lesson structure
that begins with a Mental Math activity for incremental review,
followed by a 4-step lesson plans that reduce prep time and
eliminate guesswork:
•Develop
Provides explicit, systematic instruction, including
field-tested teaching tips to develop concepts
•Assign Student Pages
Shows teachers when students should practice core concepts
on their own
•Reflect
Develops critical thinking skills by encouraging students to
draw conclusions, summarize, and analyze lesson concepts
and responses
•Assess and Differentiate
Provides specific rubrics to quickly evaluate student
performance, summarize observations, and differentiate
instruction based on assessments
Every lesson focuses on key ideas and deeply develops concepts
New!
SRA Real Math, Grade 4
Teacher’s Edition
Mental Math warms up lessons
with incremental review of key
skills to maintain
computational fluency.
Develop helps develop
conceptual understanding
with thorough instruction
for strategy building,
guided discussion, and
skill practice activities.
Assign Student Pages
advises teachers when
students should practice
core concepts in their
textbooks.
Ongoing assessment
offers strategies
and activity ideas to
help reinforce student
understanding.
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SRA Real Math
| MATH
Meaningful instruction is specifically designed to reach each student
Assess and Differentiate
provides specific rubrics
for informal evaluation of
math proficiencies to
inform further instruction
or practice.
Specific assessment
and monitoring
strategies are in
each lesson.
Reflect develops reasoning
and critical thinking skills
by encouraging students to
summarize what they’ve
learned, draw conclusions,
and analyze lesson concepts
and responses.
Asking students to explain
their thinking helps them
internalize and apply concepts.
SRA Real Math focuses beyond just skill building to help you:
•Teach basic skills with understanding so students can use
them fluently to solve real problems and help understand the
real world
•Help students see that mathematics is useful and important
in their own lives
•Teach for depth of understanding in a coherent curriculum,
helping students understand how and why procedures work
•Build mathematical reasoning, understanding, and application
in order to help students identify, solve, and communicate
about real problems
•Engage students in mathematics so they see it as
understandable, useful, and enjoyable
Allow students to demonstrate understanding through:
• Guided discussion
• Extended response
• Games
• Journal Projects
• WebQuests
SRA Real Math, Grade 4
Teacher’s Edition
Engaging activities help
student interest while learning.
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SRA Real Math
| MATH
SRA Real Math
Grades Pre-K–6
Student Materials
Big Books
Grade Pre-K
Use these engaging counting books that include trade
literature specifically chosen for preschoolers to help you
teach math concepts.
Student Edition
Grades K–6
Take advantage of research-based lessons that offer
development and practice for all concepts.
Student Assessment Booklet
Grades K–6
Use this convenient assessment tool to help keep students
on track.
Exercise Book
Grades 3–6
Build math skills using these exercises from the hardbound
student books to help students record their answers and show
their work.
Practice Workbook
Grades K–6
Get extra practice with this workbook version for every lesson.
Technology
Grades Pre-K–6
Use engaging technology resources to enrich instruction and
expand learning through online textbooks, games, and tools.
For more information, see page 180.
Teacher Materials
Teacher’s Editions
Grades Pre-K–6
Teacher’s Editions provide systematic, explicit instruction built
on a foundation of successful mathematics research. A wealth
of background information and strategies help you provide
quality instruction.
Assessment
Grades Pre-K–6
Evaluate student proficiency and determine instruction through
a wide variety of assessment options.
Intervention Support Guide
Grades K–6
Bring all students up-to-speed with alternative approaches,
more intense instruction, and additional practice of
prerequisite skills for every chapter.
English Learner Support Guide
Grades K–6
Take advantage of strategies for previewing and reviewing
lesson concepts and vocabulary.
Enrichment Support Guide
Grades K–6
Offer your students activities that are designed to expand
lesson concepts for every lesson.
Reteach Support Guide
Grades K–6
Use this tool to offer alternative strategies for presenting
lesson concepts.
Home Connection
Grades K–6
Use this collection of newsletters, surveys, and activities to
encourage school-to-home communications.
Meet the needs of every student with built-in support and extensive resources
New!
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SRA Real Math
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Technology
Grades Pre-K–6
Enjoy this unique, integrated online package that offers a full
line of comprehensive tools including lessons, assessments,
games, and professional development. For more information,
see page 180.
Across the Curriculum Math Connections
Grades K–6
Offer engaging cross-curricular projects and WebQuests to help
develop mathematical proficiency.
Games
Game Mat Package
Grades K–6
Make learning enjoyable with these exciting math board games
and manipulatives for the classroom.
Home Connection Game Package
Grades K–6
Support learning at home with this engaging math games kit.
Manipulatives
Discover unique and thought-provoking manipulatives that
engage, excite, and build enthusiasm for math among students.
Manipulative kits are available in convenient packaging
options and help build concept development. SRA Real Math
has five kit groupings:
Individual Manipulative Kits
Grades K–6
Individual kits for each student
Essential Materials Modules
Grades K–6
Materials integral to teaching math concepts
Manipulative Topic Modules
Grades K–6
Ten comprehensive modules
Teacher Manipulative Kits
Grades K–6
A variety of items to demonstrate math concepts
Calculator Package
Grades K–6
Components
SRA Real Math Individual Manipulative Kit, Grades K–2 includes: 0–5 Number Cube (1);
5–10 Number Cube (1); 0–5 Tens Number Cube (1); 5–10 Tens Number Cube (1); Number
Strips (1 set of 10 strips); Clock (1); Interlocking Cubes (30); Pattern Blocks (35); Ruler
(1); Attribute Blocks (20); Spinner (1); Counters (52); Desktop Number Line (1); Two-
Sided Write On/Wipe Off 100 Chart; Addition Table (1); Play Money; and 10-Piece Fraction
Tiles Set.
SRA Real Math Individual Manipulative Kit, Grades 3–6 includes: 0–5 Number Cube (1);
5–10 Number Cube (1); Response Wheel (1); Equivalence Card Deck (1); Safety Compass
(1); Protractor (1); Spinner (1); Counters (52); Tape Measure (1); Write On/Wipe Off Graph
Paper (1); Two-Sided Write On/Wipe Off Addition and Multiplication Table (1); Play Money;
and 51-Piece Fraction Tile Set.
SRA Real Math Essential Manipulative Kit, Grades K–2 includes: 0–5 Number Cubes
(25); 5–10 Number Cubes (25); 0–5 “Tens” Number Cubes (25); 5–10 “Tens” Number Cubes
(25); and Number Strips (25 Sets of 10).
SRA Real Math Essential Manipulative Kit, Grades 3–6 includes: 0–5 “Tens” Number
Cubes (25); 5–10 “Tens” Number Cubes (25); Response Wheels (25); and Equivalence Card
Deck (25).
SRA Real Math Manipulative Topic Module, Grades Pre-K–6 includes: Base 10: Cube
(1,000), Flats (2 – 100/Pkg. of 10), Rods (1 – 10/Pkg. of 50), and Units (3/Pkg. of 100);
Geometry I: Pattern Blocks (1) Set of 250; Attribute Blocks (1) Set of 60, Platonic Solids
(1) 7-Piece Set, and Mirror Cards (10); Measurement I: Rulers (25); Tape Measurers (15);
Measuring Cups (1 Set), Liter Pitcher (1), Double-Pan Balance (1), and Thermometer (1);
Money: Coins (1 Pkg. of: 600-1¢, 750-5¢, 450-10¢, 120-25¢, 60-50¢), and Bills (1 Pkg.
of: 25-$1, 10-$5, 20-$10, 5-$50, 10-$100, 1-$1,000); and Fractions: Fraction Tiles (5)
51-Piece Sets and Fraction Circles (5) 51-Piece Sets.
SRA Real Math Teacher Manipulative Kit, Grade Pre-K includes: 0–5 Number Cubes (25);
5–10 Number Cubes (25); Unifex Cubes (5 – Pkg. of 100); 0–5 “Tens” Number Cubes (25);
5–10 “Tens” Number Cubes (25); Dice with Dots (2); Pattern Blocks (1 Pkg. of 250); Dot
Card Set (1); Attribute Blocks (1 Set of 60); Counters (1 Pkg. of 200); Numeral Card Set
(1); Counting Card Set (1); Platonic Solids (5-Piece Set); Dice with Numerals (2 Sets);
Dinosaur Counters (4 – Pkg. of 100); Shape Counters (1 Pkg. of 500); Foam Shape Sets (2);
Blank Wooden Number Cubes (10); Counting Board with Game Pieces (1), and Puppet (1).
SRA Real Math Teacher Manipulative Kit, Grades K–6 includes: Overhead Set: Bills,
Coins, Spinner, Pattern Blocks, Fraction Tiles, Fraction Circles, Attribute Blocks, Geoboard,
Base Ten, Counters, and Calculator; Transparency Set: Number Strips, Hundreds Chart,
Addition Table, Multiplication Table, and Graph Table; Measurement Tools: Demonstration
Clock, Chalkboard Compass, Thermometer, Double-Pan Balance, Platform Scale, Metric
Weight Set, Customary Weight Set, Platonic Solids, Geometry Poster, Percent/Fraction Slider,
and Markers.
SRA Real Math Calculator Package, Grades K–6 includes: 5 Calculators.
•
•
•
•
•
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SRA Real Math Technology
| MATH
Use a fully integrated suite of technology products to address every learning situation
SRA Real Math Technology
Grades Pre-K–6
SRA Real Math’s unique online system offers everything you
need in a comprehensive classroom package that includes:
ePlanner is a paperless planner that lets you:
• Plan daily, weekly, and monthly lessons
• Search by state standards, category, subcategory, or saved
lessons to create customized lesson plans
• Print your lesson plans
• View PDFs of all Blackline Masters
ePresentation is like an interactive chalkboard that allows you to:
• Present SRA Real Math lessons electronically
• Engage the entire classroom in active learning
mathematical concepts
• Manage classroom pacing
eAssess provides immediate input on student performance
so you can plan further instruction. It allows you to:
• Use assessments effectively to inform instruction
• Access immediate suggestions on improving student
performance where they need it
• Generate tests
eMath Tools help bring your lessons to life by accessing
interactive manipulatives such as number lines and
multiplication tables.
eGames ensure your students are having fun while
strengthening their mathematical understanding by:
• Deepening understanding of concepts such as addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions, factors, and more
• Using eGames at school or at home and as often as students like
eTextbook includes additional online features that make it a
great resource for homework assignments to:
• Access it anywhere there is a computer
• Utilize resources such as glossary terms and a zoom feature
to review problems in isolation
Building Blocks™ is like a tutor for each student that includes:
• Software proven to stimulate strong learning gains
• Nearly 200 engaging learning activities
• Built-in remedial help as soon as the student begins to struggle
Online Professional Development lets you advance your
teaching skills with flexible online courses that include:
• Videos of teachers delivering SRA Real Math lessons to
demonstrate how the program integrates the five strands of
mathematics prof iciency
• Ongoing support and development for SRA Real Math
teachers, principals, and coaches
Components
SRA Real Math Technology Pack includes: eTextbook; eAssess; eMath Tools;
eGames; and ePlanner.
SRA Real Math Technology Suite includes: SRA Real Math Technology Pack
plus ePresentation; Online Professional Development Clips; and Building Blocks™.
New!
Program Features
• Technology resources for
teachers and students
enrich instruction and
expand learning.
• The latest in technology
research helps build skills
that take your students to
the next level.
• Online activities open the
door to mathematical
understanding and
application that will
prepare students for the
real world.
SRA Real Math
ePresentation and eTextbook
Screen Captures
For ordering
information,
see page
181
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SRA Real Math
Professional Development
Grades Pre-K–Adult
SRA Real Math is based on a strong, standards-based
philosophy of instruction. A key to successful implementation
of the program within your school or district is to have an
understanding of its background and how to apply its
research-based principles in your classroom.
You’ll find that professional development opportunities for
SRA Real Math are hands-on, giving you the chance to gain
valuable experience with each component of the program.
SRA Real Math Online Professional Development is a series of
six courses:
• Teaching Computational Fluency
• Teaching for Understanding
• Teaching Applications of Mathematics
• Teaching Mathematical Reasoning and Problem Solving
• Engaging Children in Mathematics
• Mathematics Classroom Management
Because your school is unique, your SRA sales representative will
customize a professional development plan to fit your needs.
Here are some resources your school or district might utilize:
• On-site training upon implementation
• Weekend seminars and regional training
• Summer institutes
• Online professional development
• Workbooks and guides
• Classroom demonstrations
• After-school workshops with teachers and administrators
• Orientation sessions for the community, parents, and
parent groups
• Resources online at SRAonline.com
New!
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SRA Real Math Technology | Professional Development
| MATH
SRA REAL MATH
Grades Pre-K–6
ONLINE PRODUCTS
GRADES PRE-K–2
Building Blocks, One Year, Per Student
0-07-605935-9 ....................................$9.99
Building Blocks, Six Years, Per Student
0-07-605936-7 ....................................47.95
Building Blocks, One Year, Per Building
0-07-605937-5................................3,821.17
Building Blocks, Six Years, Per Building
0-07-605938-3 ..............................18,341.61
GRADES PRE-K–6
Real Math Technology Pack*, One Year,
Per Student
0-07-605939-1 ....................................14.99
Real Math Technology Pack*, Six Years,
Per Student
0-07-605940-5 ....................................71.95
Real Math Technology Pack*, One Year,
Per Building
0-07-605941-3................................5,733.67
Real Math Technology Pack*, Six Years,
Per Building
0-07-605941-2 ..............................27,521.61
Real Math Technology Suite*, One Year,
Per Student
0-07-605943-X ....................................17.99
Real Math Technology Suite*, Six Years,
Per Student
0-07-605944-8 ....................................86.35
ONLINE PRODUCTS CONTINUED
Real Math Technology Suite*, One Year,
Per Building
0-07-605945-6 ..............................$6,881.17
Real Math Technology Suite*, Six Years,
Per Building
0-07-605946-4 ..............................33,029.61
CD VERSIONS
Building Blocks, Multi Purchase –
Grades Pre-K–2
0-07-605972-3 ..................................450.00
eMath Tools – Grades Pre-K–6
0-07-605970-7 ....................................75.00
eGames – Grades Pre-K–6
0-07-605971-5 ....................................75.00
GRADE K
ePresentation
0-07-605997-9 ..................................867.00
eTextbook
0-07-605947-2 ....................................28.86
eAssess
0-07-605955-3 ..................................349.50
ePlanner
0-07-605963-4 ..................................349.50
GRADE 1
ePresentation
0-07-605998-7 ..................................867.00
eTextbook
0-07-605948-0 ....................................28.86
eAssess
0-07-605956-1 ..................................349.50
GRADE 1 CONTINUED
ePlanner
0-07-605964-2 ................................$349.50
GRADE 2
ePresentation
0-07-605999-5 ..................................867.00
eTextbook
0-07-605949-9 ....................................28.86
eAssess
0-07-605957-X ..................................349.50
ePlanner
0-07-605965-0 ..................................349.50
GRADE 3
ePresentation
0-07-606006-3 ..................................867.00
eTextbook
0-07605950-2 ....................................28.86
eAssess
0-07-605958-8 ..................................349.50
ePlanner
0-07-605966-9 ..................................349.50
GRADE 4
ePresentation
0-07-606007-1 ..................................867.00
eTextbook
0-07-605951-0 ....................................28.86
eAssess
0-07-605959-6 ..................................349.50
ePlanner
0-07-605967-7 ..................................349.50
GRADE 5
ePresentation
0-07-606008-X ................................$867.00
eTextbook
0-07-605952-9 ....................................28.86
eAssess
0-07-605960-X ..................................349.50
ePlanner
0-07-605968-5 ..................................349.50
GRADE 6
ePresentation
0-07-606039-X ..................................867.00
eTextbook
0-07-605953-7 ....................................28.86
eAssess
0-07-605961-8 ..................................349.50
ePlanner
0-07-605969-3 ..................................349.50
ONLINE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Professional Development, One Course
0-07-605973-1 ..................................125.00
Professional Development, Online
0-07-605974-X ..................................500.00
Professional Development, CD Package
0-07-605975-8 ..................................500.00
* Please see page 180 for components
listing.
Expect an unparalleled level of professional support
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SRA Real Math
| MATH
SRA REAL MATH
Grades Pre-K–K
GRADE PRE-K
STUDENT MATERIALS
Building Blocks Software
0-07-605970-7 ................................$450.00
Building Blocks Online (per student)
0-07-605935-9......................................9.99
Big Book – The Shape of Things
0-07-603788-6 ....................................58.44
Big Book – I Spy Two Eyes
0-07-605407-1 ....................................58.44
Big Book – The Right Number of Elephants
0-07-605408-X ....................................58.44
Big Book – Bat Jamboree
0-07-605409-8 ....................................58.44
TEACHER MATERIALS
Teacher’s Edition
0-07-603708-8 ..................................198.00
Teacher’s Resource Guide
0-07-603733-9 ..................................128.00
Assessment
0-07-603770-3 ....................................78.00
MANIPULATIVES
0-07-603786-X ..................................280.00
GRADE K
STUDENT MATERIALS
Student Edition
0-07-602996-4 ..................................$23.10
Student Assessment Booklet
0-07-605662-7......................................7.08
Practice Workbook
0-07-603734-7......................................6.75
TEACHER MATERIALS
Teacher’s Edition
0-07-603709-6 ....................................99.00
Assessment
0-07-603763-0 ..................................104.58
Home Connection
0-07-603771-1 ....................................58.05
Intervention Support Guide
0-07-604357-6 ....................................78.00
Practice Blackline Master
0-07-603742-8 ....................................84.99
Reteach Support Guide
0-07-603756-8 ....................................74.25
Enrichment Support Guide
0-07-603749-5 ....................................74.25
TEACHER MATERIALS CONTINUED
English Learner Support Guide
0-07-604350-9 ..................................$74.25
Across the Curriculum Math Connections
0-07-603726-6 ....................................39.00
Teacher Manipulative Kit
0-07-605425-X ..................................335.25
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
GAMES
Game Mat Kit
0-07-603779-7 ..................................336.00
Home Connection Game Kit
0-07-605670-8 ....................................49.98
MANIPULATIVES
Individual Manipulative Kit
0-07-605423-3 ....................................16.95
Essential Materials Module
0-07-605410-1 ....................................96.00
Calculator Package
0-07-605976-6 ....................................49.50
MANIPULATIVE TOPIC MODULES
Base Ten
0-07-605418-7 ....................................75.99
Counting
0-07-605412-8 ....................................65.25
MANIPULATIVE TOPIC MODULES CONTINUED
Fractions
0-07-605413-6 ..................................$54.45
Geometry I
0-07-605414-4 ....................................90.00
Geometry II
0-07-605415-2 ....................................83.25
Measurement I
0-07-605416-0 ....................................45.45
Measurement II
0-07-605417-9 ....................................99.00
Money
0-07-605419-5 ....................................93.30
Probability
0-07-605420-9 ..................................123.00
Time
0-07-605421-7 ..................................129.00
This product is appropriate for intervention
instruction. See page 75 for details.
SRA Real Math
Grade Pre–K
The SRA Real Math, Pre–K program
stresses the following points:
•Numbers can be used to tell us
how many, describe order, and
measure
•Numbers involve numerous
relations and can be represented
in various ways
•Operations with numbers can
be used to model a variety of
real-world situations and to
solve problems
•Mathematical language can be
used to describe and compare
geometric figures
SRA Real Math
Grade K
By the end of SRA Real Math,
Grade K, students will be able to:
•Read and write numbers
through 100
•Measure with nonstandard units
•Add and subtract numbers
through 20
•Read and create picture graphs
Incorporate research-based activities to build a strong foundation in mathematics
SRA Real Math,
Grade Pre-K,
Teacher’s Edition
SRA Real Math,
Grade K,
Student Edition
For manipulative
component listings,
see page
179
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SRA Real Math
| MATH
SRA Real Math
Grade 1
By the end of SRA Real Math,
Grade 1, students will be able to:
•Use numbers through 100 to
describe sets and situations
•Show fluency with addition and
subtraction facts through 10 + 10
•Collect and record data
•Name and draw geometric figures
•Solve problems using a variety
of strategies
SRA Real Math
Grade 2
By the end of SRA Real Math,
Grade 2, students will be able to:
•Use Numbers through 10,000
•Add and subtract numbers
through 1,000
•Measure with standard units
•Use fractions to describe parts
of sets and parts of areas
•Combine and decompose
geometric figures
•Solve problems using a variety
of strategies
Emphasize addition and subtraction facts, while also developing skills and problem solving
SRA REAL MATH
Grades 1–2
GRADE 1
STUDENT MATERIALS
Student Edition
0-07-602997-2 ..................................$28.86
Student Assessment Booklet
0-07-605663-5......................................8.85
Practice Workbook
0-07-603735-5......................................7.98
TEACHER MATERIALS
Teacher’s Edition – Volume 1
0-07-603710-X ....................................99.00
Teacher’s Edition – Volume 2
0-07-603711-8 ....................................99.00
Assessment
0-07-603764-9 ..................................104.58
Home Connection
0-07-603772-X ....................................58.05
Intervention Support Guide
0-07-604358-4 ....................................78.00
Practice Blackline Master
0-07-603743-6 ....................................84.99
Reteach Support Guide
0-07-603757-6 ....................................74.25
Enrichment Support Guide
0-07-603750-9 ....................................74.25
English Learner Support Guide
0-07-604351-7 ....................................74.25
Across the Curriculum Math Connections
0-07-603727-4 ....................................39.00
Teacher Manipulative Kit
0-07-605425-X ..................................335.25
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
GAMES
Game Mat Kit
0-07-603780-0 ................................$336.00
Home Connection Game Kit
0-07-605671-6 ....................................49.98
MANIPULATIVES
Individual Manipulative Kit
0-07-605423-3 ....................................16.95
Essential Materials Module
0-07-605410-1 ....................................96.00
Calculator Package
0-07-605976-6 ....................................49.50
MANIPULATIVE TOPIC MODULES
Base Ten
0-07-605418-7 ....................................75.99
Counting
0-07-605412-8 ....................................65.25
Fractions
0-07-605413-6 ....................................54.45
Geometry I
0-07-605414-4 ....................................90.00
Geometry II
0-07-605415-2 ....................................83.25
Measurement I
0-07-605416-0 ....................................45.45
Measurement II
0-07-605417-9 ....................................99.00
Money
0-07-605419-5 ....................................93.30
Probability
0-07-605420-9 ..................................123.00
Time
0-07-605421-7 ..................................129.00
GRADE 2
STUDENT MATERIALS
Student Edition
0-07-602998-0 ..................................$28.86
Student Assessment Booklet
0-07-605664-3......................................8.85
Practice Workbook
0-07-603736-3......................................7.98
TEACHER MATERIALS
Teacher’s Edition – Volume 1
0-07-603712-6 ....................................99.00
Teacher’s Edition – Volume 2
0-07-603713-4 ....................................99.00
Assessment
0-07-603765-7 ..................................104.58
Home Connection
0-07-603773-8 ....................................58.05
Intervention Support Guide
0-07-604359-2 ....................................78.00
Practice Blackline Master
0-07-603744-4 ....................................84.99
Reteach Support Guide
0-07-603758-4 ....................................74.25
Enrichment Support Guide
0-07-603751-7 ....................................74.25
English Learner Support Guide
0-07-604352-5 ....................................74.25
Across the Curriculum Math Connections
0-07-603728-2 ....................................39.00
Teacher Manipulative Kit
0-07-605425-X ..................................335.25
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
GAMES
Game Mat Kit
0-07-603781-9 ................................$336.00
Home Connection Game Kit
0-07-605672-4 ....................................49.98
MANIPULATIVES
Individual Manipulative Kit
0-07-605423-3 ....................................16.95
Essential Materials Module
0-07-605410-1 ....................................96.00
Calculator Package
0-07-605976-6 ....................................49.50
MANIPULATIVE TOPIC MODULE
Base Ten
0-07-605418-7 ....................................75.99
Counting
0-07-605412-8 ....................................65.25
Fractions
0-07-605413-6 ....................................54.45
Geometry I
0-07-605414-4 ....................................90.00
Geometry II
0-07-605415-2 ....................................83.25
Measurement I
0-07-605416-0 ....................................45.45
Measurement II
0-07-605417-9 ....................................99.00
Money
0-07-605419-5 ....................................93.30
Probability
0-07-605420-9 ..................................123.00
Time
0-07-605421-7 ..................................129.00
This product is appropriate for intervention
instruction. See page 75 for details.
SRA Real Math,
Grade 1,
Student Edition
SRA Real Math,
Grade 2,
Student Edition
05139_SRA_GC06_P182_183 7/29/05 4:17 PM Page 187
SRA Real Math
| MATH
184
1-888- -4543
SRA REAL MATH
Grades 3–4
GRADE 3
STUDENT MATERIALS
Student Edition
0-07-602999-9 ..................................$52.47
Student Assessment Booklet
0-07-605665-1......................................8.85
Practice Workbook
0-07-603737-1......................................7.98
Exercise Book
0-07-603722-3 ....................................24.00
TEACHER MATERIALS
Teacher’s Edition – Volume 1
0-07-603714-2 ....................................99.00
Teacher’s Edition – Volume 2
0-07-603715-0 ....................................99.00
Assessment
0-07-603766-5 ..................................104.58
Home Connection
0-07-603774-6 ....................................58.05
Intervention Support Guide
0-07-604360-6 ....................................78.00
Practice Blackline Master
0-07-603745-2 ....................................84.99
Reteach Support Guide
0-07-603759-2 ....................................74.25
Enrichment Support Guide
0-07-603752-5 ....................................74.25
English Learner Support Guide
0-07-604353-3 ....................................74.25
Across the Curriculum Math Connections
0-07-603729-0 ....................................39.00
Teacher Manipulative Kit
0-07-605425-X ..................................335.25
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
GAMES
Game Mat Kit
0-07-603782-7 ................................$336.00
Home Connection Game Kit
0-07-605673-2 ....................................49.98
MANIPULATIVES
Individual Manipulative Kit
0-07-605424-1 ....................................16.95
Essential Materials Module
0-07-605411-X ..................................198.00
Calculator Package
0-07-605976-6 ....................................49.50
MANIPULATIVE TOPIC MODULES
Base Ten
0-07-605418-7 ....................................75.99
Counting
0-07-605412-8 ....................................65.25
Fractions
0-07-605413-6 ....................................54.45
Geometry I
0-07-605414-4 ....................................90.00
Geometry II
0-07-605415-2 ....................................83.25
Measurement I
0-07-605416-0 ....................................45.45
Measurement II
0-07-605417-9 ....................................99.00
Money
0-07-605419-5 ....................................93.30
Probability
0-07-605420-9 ..................................123.00
Time
0-07-605421-7 ..................................129.00
GRADE 4
STUDENT MATERIALS
Student Edition
0-07-603000-8 ..................................$52.47
Student Assessment Booklet
0-07-605666-X......................................8.85
Practice Workbook
0-07-603738-X......................................7.98
Exercise Book
0-07-603723-1 ....................................24.00
TEACHER MATERIALS
Teacher’s Edition – Volume 1
0-07-603716-9 ....................................99.00
Teacher’s Edition – Volume 2
0-07-603717-7 ....................................99.00
Assessment
0-07-603767-3 ..................................104.58
Home Connection
0-07-603775-4 ....................................58.05
Intervention Support Guide
0-07-604361-4 ....................................78.00
Practice Blackline Master
0-07-603746-0 ....................................84.99
Reteach Support Guide
0-07-603760-6 ....................................74.25
Enrichment Support Guide
0-07-603753-3 ....................................74.25
English Learner Support Guide
0-07-604354-1 ....................................74.25
Across the Curriculum Math Connections
0-07-603730-4 ....................................39.00
Teacher Manipulative Kit
0-07-605425-X ..................................335.25
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
GAMES
Game Mat Kit
0-07-603783-5 ................................$336.00
Home Connection Game Kit
0-07-605674-0 ....................................49.98
MANIPULATIVES
Individual Manipulative Kit
0-07-605424-1 ....................................16.95
Essential Materials Module
0-07-605411-X ..................................198.00
Calculator Package
0-07-605976-6 ....................................49.50
MANIPULATIVE TOPIC MODULES
Base Ten
0-07-605418-7 ....................................75.99
Counting
0-07-605412-8 ....................................65.25
Fractions
0-07-605413-6 ....................................54.45
Geometry I
0-07-605414-4 ....................................90.00
Geometry II
0-07-605415-2 ....................................83.25
Measurement I
0-07-605416-0 ....................................45.45
Measurement II
0-07-605417-9 ....................................99.00
Money
0-07-605419-5 ....................................93.30
Probability
0-07-605420-9 ..................................123.00
Time
0-07-605421-7 ..................................129.00
This product is appropriate for intervention
instruction. See page 75 for details.
SRA Real Math
Grade 3
By the end of SRA Real Math,
Grade 3, students will be able to:
•Use numbers through 1,000,000
•Add and subtract any two whole
numbers or decimals
•Show fluency with multiplication
and division facts through 10x10
•Multiply and divide multi-digit
numbers by one-digit numbers
•Use function rules and tables
•Solve problems using a variety
of strategies
SRA Real Math
Grade 4
By the end of SRA Real Math, Grade 4,
students will be able to:
•Add, subtract, and multiply any two
whole numbers or fractions
•Multiply decimals and whole numbers
•Use percent benchmarks
•Graph linear functions
•Classify plane figures and
space figures
•Solve problems using a variety
of strategies
Extend mathematical understanding to more sophisticated topics
SRA Real Math,
Grade 3,
Student Edition
SRA Real Math,
Grade 4,
Student Edi tion
05139_SRA_GC06_P184_185 7/29/05 4:18 PM Page 200
SRA Real Math
| MATH
185
online.com
SRA Real Math
Grade 5
By the end of SRA Real Math, Grade 5,
students will be able to:
• Add, subtract, multiply, and divide
whole numbers, decimals, and
fractions
• Use ratios and rates
• Measure angles
• Use functions to model situations
• Graph data in multiple ways
• Solve problems using a variety
of strategies
SRA Real Math
Grade 6
By the end of SRA Real Math, Grade 6,
students will be able to:
• Add, subtract, multiply, and divide
integers and positive rational
numbers
• Graph linear and nonlinear functions
• Use exponential notation
• Use informal geometric proofs
• Compute fluently with percentages
• Solve problems using a variety
of strategies
Build a strong foundation for algebra by addressing all content areas
SRA Real Math,
Grade 5,
Student Edition
SRA Real Math,
Grade 6,
Student Edition
SRA REAL MATH
Grades 5–6
GRADE 5
STUDENT MATERIALS
Student Edition
0-07-603001-6 ..................................$52.47
Student Assessment Booklet
0-07-605667-8......................................8.85
Practice Workbook
0-07-603739-8......................................7.98
Exercise Book
0-07-603724-X ....................................24.00
TEACHER MATERIALS
Teacher’s Edition – Volume 1
0-07-603718-5 ....................................99.00
Teacher’s Edition – Volume 2
0-07-603719-3 ....................................99.00
Assessment
0-07-603768-1 ..................................104.58
Home Connection
0-07-603776-2 ....................................58.05
Intervention Support Guide
0-07-604362-2 ....................................78.00
Practice Blackline Master
0-07-603747-9 ....................................84.99
Reteach Support Guide
0-07-603761-4 ....................................74.25
Enrichment Support Guide
0-07-603754-1 ....................................74.25
English Learner Support Guide
0-07-604355-X ....................................74.25
Across the Curriculum Math Connections
0-07-603731-2 ....................................39.00
Teacher Manipulative Kit
0-07-605425-X ..................................335.25
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
GAMES
Game Mat Kit
0-07-603784-3 ................................$336.00
Home Connection Game Kit
0-07-605675-9 ....................................49.98
MANIPULATIVES
Individual Manipulative Kit
0-07-605424-1 ....................................16.95
Essential Materials Module
0-07-605411-X ..................................198.00
Calculator Package
0-07-605976-6 ....................................49.50
MANIPULATIVE TOPIC MODULES
Base Ten
0-07-605418-7 ....................................75.99
Counting
0-07-605412-8 ....................................65.25
Fractions
0-07-605413-6 ....................................54.45
Geometry I
0-07-605414-4 ....................................90.00
Geometry II
0-07-605415-2 ....................................83.25
Measurement I
0-07-605416-0 ....................................45.45
Measurement II
0-07-605417-9 ....................................99.00
Money
0-07-605419-5 ....................................93.30
Probability
0-07-605420-9 ..................................123.00
Time
0-07-605421-7 ..................................129.00
GRADE 6
STUDENT MATERIALS
Student Edition
0-07-603002-4 ..................................$52.47
Student Assessment Booklet
0-07-605668-6......................................8.85
Practice Workbook
0-07-603740-1......................................7.98
Exercise Book
0-07-603725-8 ....................................24.00
TEACHER MATERIALS
Teacher’s Edition – Volume 1
0-07-603720-7 ....................................99.00
Teacher’s Edition – Volume 2
0-07-603721-5 ....................................99.00
Assessment
0-07-603769-X ..................................104.58
Home Connection
0-07-603777-0 ....................................58.05
Intervention Support Guide
0-07-604363-0 ....................................78.00
Practice Blackline Master
0-07-603748-7 ....................................84.99
Reteach Support Guide
0-07-603762-2 ....................................74.25
Enrichment Support Guide
0-07-603755-X ....................................74.25
English Learner Support Guide
0-07-604356-8 ....................................74.25
Across the Curriculum Math Connections
0-07-603732-0 ....................................39.00
Teacher Manipulative Kit
0-07-605425-X ..................................335.25
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
GAMES
Game Mat Kit
0-07-603785-1 ................................$336.00
Home Connection Game Kit
0-07-605676-7 ....................................49.98
MANIPULATIVES
Individual Manipulative Kit
0-07-605424-1 ....................................16.95
Essential Materials Module
0-07-605411-X ..................................198.00
Calculator Package
0-07-605976-6 ....................................49.50
MANIPULATIVE TOPIC MODULES
Base Ten
0-07-605418-7 ....................................75.99
Counting
0-07-605412-8 ....................................65.25
Fractions
0-07-605413-6 ....................................54.45
Geometry I
0-07-605414-4 ....................................90.00
Geometry II
0-07-605415-2 ....................................83.25
Measurement I
0-07-605416-0 ....................................45.45
Measurement II
0-07-605417-9 ....................................99.00
Money
0-07-605419-5 ....................................93.30
Probability
0-07-605420-9 ..................................123.00
Time
0-07-605421-7 ..................................129.00
This product is appropriate for intervention
instruction. See page 75 for details.
05139_SRA_GC06_P184_185 7/29/05 4:19 PM Page 201
... The current study re-analyzed data from a large-scale study of two preschool interventions, one involving mathematics and scaffolding of play to increase EF and the other involving mathematics alone (Clements et al., 2020). The latter was an implementation of the Building Blocks (BB) mathematics curriculum based on learning trajectories (Clements & Sarama, 2013). The former was BB synthesized with scaffolding of play to promote executive function (SEF), -the theoretical and operationalized pedagogical core of the Tools of the Mind curriculum (TotM, Bodrova & Leong, 2001), including modifying mathematics activities to prevent negative effects on EF (thus, BBSEF). ...
... BB component. BB is a National Science Foundation-funded mathematics curriculum addressing numeric/quantitative and geometric/spatial ideas and skills (Clements & Sarama, 2013). The curriculum is structured around empirically-based learning trajectories and includes whole-group (10 minutes per day), small-group, and computer activities (both about 10 minutes per week), as well as learning centers and ideas integrating mathematics throughout the school day. ...
... We addressed these issues in re-analyses of data from a large evaluation of two interventions designed to develop both math and EF competencies. The two treatment groups of an implementation of the Building Blocks mathematics curriculum based on learning trajectories (BB, Clements & Sarama, 2013); BB synthesized with scaffolding of play to promote executive function (SEF)the theoretical and operationalized pedagogical core of the Tools of the Mind curriculum (Bodrova & Leong, 2001, BBSEF), and a business-as-usual control (BAU). ...
Mathematics and Executive Function Competencies in the Context of Interventions: A Quantile Regression Analysis
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2020
Research on young children’s development of executive function (EF) and early mathematics has established relationships between the two, but studies have not investigated whether these relations differ for children with different outcomes in mathematics and EF, especially in the context of interventions. To examine the homogeneity of those relations and the intervention effects, we conducted quantile regression analyses on data from a large study of two prekindergarten interventions: the Building Blocks math curriculum alone (BB), or BB with scaffolding of play to promote executive function (BBSEF). Results revealed that EF competencies have a larger positive relationship to mathematics for children with low math competence compared to children with medium or high competence. The significant predictive relationship of mathematical competencies on EF did not vary for children with different levels of EF abilities at prekindergarten and varied only slightly at kindergarten. Also, interventions had similar immediate effects on math and EF for children with various abilities. The BB intervention had a larger positive delayed effect on math and EF competencies for children with low scores relative to children with high scores. The delayed effect of the BBSEF intervention was similar for children with different levels of EF and math competencies.
View
... In addition, longitudinal research has demonstrated a unique and reciprocal relationship between these domain-general cognitive skills and emergent mathematical ability (Welsh et al., 2010;Van der Ven et al., 2012). Furthermore, high-quality, teacher-led mathematics instruction has been shown to have the dual benefit of teaching domain-specific mathematical knowledge and developing domain-general cognitive skills not explicitly targeted by the intervention (Clements and Sarama, 2013;Clements et al., 2016). Expanding evaluations of educational interventions to include domain-general cognitive abilities is vital to understand holistically how the maths app intervention might impact toward achieving a child's full potential. ...
... This suggests that children's improvements in visual attention in response to the maths app intervention were independent of mathematical learning gains. This evidence corroborates previous research demonstrating high-quality mathematics instruction can have "spill-over" benefits to domain-general cognitive skills, on top of the domain-specific mathematical knowledge targeted by the intervention (Clements and Sarama, 2013;Clements et al., 2016). ...
Secondary Benefits to Attentional Processing Through Intervention With an Interactive Maths App
Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2019
Previous research has shown that a specific interactive app, designed to support the development of early mathematical skills and delivered on hand-held tablets, is effective at raising mathematical attainment in young children in low-and high-income countries. In the countries where this app has been deployed, teachers have consistently reported improved concentration skills in children who have received intervention with this app. To investigate the legitimacy of these claims, we conducted secondary data analyses of children’s performance on core cognitive tasks to examine if additional benefits are observed in children who received intervention with the interactive maths app compared to those that did not. We drew on data from a three-arm randomized control trial conducted in a primary school in Malawi (Pitchford, 2015). In addition to assessing mathematical skills, children’s visual attention, short-term memory, and manual processing speed were examined at baseline, before the introduction of the maths app intervention, and at endline, after the intervention had been implemented for 8 weeks. A group of 318 children (73–161 months) attending Standards 1–3 of a Malawian primary school were randomized to receive either the new maths app (treatment group), a non-maths app that required similar interactions to engage with the software as with the maths app (placebo group), or standard teacher-led mathematical practice (control group). Before and after the 8-week intervention period, children were assessed on mathematics and core cognitive skills. Results showed that the maths app intervention supported significant and independent gains in mathematics and visual attention. Increases in visual attention were attributable only to interactions with the maths app. No significant benefits to attention were found from using the tablet device with non-maths software or standard class-based mathematical practice. These results suggest that high-quality interactive, educational apps can significantly improve attentional processing in addition to the scholastic skills targeted by the intervention.
View
... For the LT training, then translating repeating patterns was postponed until after participants received Level-2 training. Interestingly, two popular early childhood mathematics curricula-Building Blocks [80] and Mathematics Their Way [81]-regularly use letters to label patterns from the beginning of patterning instruction. This approach was used in the counterfactual training. ...
Lessons Learned from 10 Experiments That Tested the Efficacy and Assumptions of Hypothetical Learning Trajectories
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2022
Although reformers have embraced learning trajectories (LT, also called learning progressions) as an important tool for improving mathematics education, the efficacy and assumptions of LT-based instruction are largely unproven. The aim of a recently completed research project was to fill this void. Fulfilling this aim was more challenging than many supporters of LT-based instruction might imagine. A total of 10 experiments were untaken, of which 5 demonstrated that LT-based instruction was significantly more efficacious than a counterfactual involving either a Teach-to-Target/Skip-Level approach (Assumption 1) or the same unordered activities (Assumption 2). The results of the remaining studies were non-significant either for theoretical (2) or methodological (3) reasons. In the five indicating LTs’ efficacy, we found that some LTs consists of levels that are facilitative conditions for the next higher level and, thus, may be helpful but perhaps not necessary for the subsequent level.
View
... Even still, more children receiving the academic training showed reduced inattention, compared with those trained on attention, and only the academic training group showed improved academic functioning (Rabiner et al., 2010). In another study with pre-K children, the combination of the Building Blocks (BB) preschool mathematics curriculum (Clements & Sarama, 2013) and the Opening the World of Learning (OWL) literacy curriculum resulted in unplanned, positive, albeit small but statistically significant increases in all EF skills . This "spill-over" phenomenon supports the hypothesis that cognitively demanding curricula improve other cognitive developmental domains such as EF, even without targeting them specifically. ...
Supporting Young Children’s Development of Executive Function Through Early Mathematics
Article
  • Oct 2021
Early childhood teachers face competing instructional priorities to support specific academic skills and general skills that underlie learning, such as executive function (EF) skills that allow children to control their own thinking and behavior. As the evidence shows, EF skills predict later mathematics achievement, and early mathematics predicts later EF. These relations between mathematics and EF suggest high-quality mathematics teaching has a dual benefit: Teachers can promote children’s math and EF competencies by embedding support for EF in high-quality mathematics activities. Children benefit when guided to reflect on solutions and alternative strategies, and teachers benefit from guidance on how to support both math and EF. Finally, research on teachers developing both domains can inform educational policy.
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... 1. An extensive review process was followed to identify such activities (Day-Hess & Clements, 2017); this one was a synthesis of similar activities from three sources (Baratta-Lorton, 1976;Clements & Sarama, 2013;Klein et al., 2002). ...
Teaching moves and preschoolers’ arithmetical accuracy
Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2020
Several teaching moves have been suggested to support young children’s simple addition and subtraction performance, including use of a number path, directly modeling addition and subtraction, using mathematical symbols, and modifying problem difficulty. In the present study, teacher-researchers implemented an early arithmetic activity, Big Fish Story, with dyads of 3 to 4-year-old students. As part of the implementation, the teacher-researchers used these teaching moves to support young children’s in-the-moment answers to simple addition and subtraction problems. We use session-level data (n = 94 sessions) nested in dyads to examine and compare the frequency with which the use of these teaching moves are associated with two types of student responses, in order to preliminarily identify teaching moves that may support young children’s performance on simple arithmetic tasks. We conclude with implications for the field and early childhood practitioners.
View
... Even when effects on EF are not planned, teaching math has had significant effects not just on math but on EF as well. For example, the combination of the Building Blocks math curriculum (Clements & Sarama, 2013) and the OWL literacy curriculum resulted in unplanned but positive, albeit small, statistically significant impacts on EF for children at risk for later difficulties in learning . This "spill-over" phenomenon supported the hypothesis that cognitively demanding curricula improve other cognitive developmental domains such as EF, even without specifically targeting EF processes. ...
Executive Function and Early Mathematical Learning Difficulties Executive Function and Early Math Learning Difficulties
Chapter
Full-text available
  • Mar 2019
Young children who struggle for any reason in learning mathematics need support and personal resources, both cognitive and emotional. For most children, executive function (EF) processes develop most quickly in the early childhood years (i.e., birth to third grade) and provide resources that allow children to control their own thinking and emotions. Another category of resources that children need includes content or mathematical knowledge, skills, and dispositions. What role does each of these categories play in young children’s learning of mathematics? How are they related? How might we provide support for all young children, especially those with special needs, so that their struggles become productive challenges?
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The Building Blocks and TRIAD Projects
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2021
Educational researchers have long complained that practitioners do not use the available evidence, and practitioners in turn bemoan the lack of research that provides practical solutions. Decades ago, we asserted that learning trajectories could close that gap in two critical educational activities that depend fundamentally on teachers, and therefore on professional development. e rst was to build, and help teachers implement, a truly research-based curriculum. e second was to scale up implementation of the curriculum to entire districts. Each tells a story of using learning trajec-tories to support teachers. is chapter addresses these two critical activities by describing our development and research in two closely related projects focused on pre-K to 1st grade (with follow-up assessments many years thereafter). We describe each and then go into detail about what teachers learned and what we learned about using learning trajectories as the core of professional development e orts.
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Sustainable, Scalable Professional Development in Early Mathematics: Strategies, Evaluation, and Tools
Chapter
Full-text available
  • Apr 2021
Young children in many US classrooms have limited opportunities to learn mathematics because their teachers are not well-prepared. The TRIAD model’s professional development has shown large significant effects on early childhood teachers’ beliefs and practice, as well as these teachers’ positive effects on children from low-resource communities, especially children with minority racial backgrounds. At the core of TRIAD are research-validated learning trajectories (LTs). We describe the professional development (PD) strategies we used, including an online tool, the “Learning and Teaching with Learning Trajectories” application (LearningTrajectories.org) that was central to the PD. We discuss the importance of LTs, then TRIAD’s use of LTs as the core of the approach to PD, and end with the empirical evidence supporting the efficacy and equity of this approach in mathematics teacher education.
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Evaluating the Efficacy of a Learning Trajectory for Early Shape Composition
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2019
Although basing instruction on learning trajectories (LTs) is often recommended, there is little direct evidence regarding the premise of a LT approach—that instruction should be presented (only) one LT level beyond a child’s present level. We evaluated this hypothesis in the domain of early shape composition. One group of preschoolers, who were at least two levels below the target instructional LT level, received instruction based on an empirically validated LT. The counterfactual (skip-levels) group received an equal amount of instruction focused only on the target level. At posttest, children in the LT condition exhibited significantly greater learning than children in the skip-levels condition, mainly on near-transfer items; no child-level variables were significant moderators. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
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ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.