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Model-Driven Engineering for Electronic Commerce
Abstract
The chapter explores the development of a specific process e-Commerce metamodel for reuse and interoperability, which is proposed to obtain the taxonomy of e-business processes. It defines a specific ontology and semantics of independent processes platform. This is achieved with the help of the principles proposed by the Model Driven Engineering (MDE), specifically the proposal for the OMG, Model Driven Architecture (MDA), enabling it to minimize the time and effort required to create ecommerce solutions.
... Iniciativas como la que deriva esta herramienta contribuyen a este propósito. Las investigaciones futuras deben orientar a fondo nuevos estándares de comercio electrónico para determinar el aporte de valor a un conjunto de empresas[28]. Ha de tenerse en cuenta el marco jurídico aplicable que incentiva al uso de herramientas como la aquí propuesta. ...
Currently globalization forces companies to design e-commerce strategies as a competitive factor, This involves the development of complex models that IT can help build. This article is a proposal based on the paradigm of Model Driven Architecture (MDA), describes a metamodel Ecommerce that supports the development of a web application. This application ensures semantic interoperability, which is achieved with the definition of Ontology and technical interoperability, which is achieved with the migration of data from the applicative to other e-commerce platforms. This is possible thanks to a generator that access to repositories of information and facilitates the migration of data from the e-commerce website to other platforms. In this way reduce the complexity and minimizing the efforts for the creation and maintenance of e-commerce solutions
This section of the book presents the second dimension of the AGG model (the governance realm). It discusses why it is necessary to understand the concept of governance in a general sense, as well as in the corporate and in the information technology senses. If this book argues that an enterprise’s observable architectural characteristics determine its governance issues, and that the governance agenda of the enterprise determines its measurable growth conditions, then it is imperative that the concept of governance should be specified. This chapter deals with the concept of governance in a general sense, highlighting those aspects that are necessary for a proper understanding of the operation of market architectures, as well as those aspects related to governance at the enterprise level. The chapter also discusses a special case of governance, the concept of “bazaar governance,” a form of governance structure that has emerged with the growth of the open source movement for the development of software production.
This section deals with the last dimension of the AGG model—the growth realm—and the relevance of technology and innovation to this subject. This chapter discusses briefly the recent developments in two deeply connected strands of the economic literature: the complex phenomenon of economic growth (mostly of nations) and the phenomenon of the growth of enterprises, two important disciplines of the economic science. Its main intention is to highlight how the combined (and complementary) issues of the architecture design and operation and that of governance of the enterprise (objects of this book) are still absent in the mainstream debates of the growth of enterprises and of economic growth. The chapter ends with a brief discussion of economic models that take into account new information technology business models.
The use of public open data is an opportunity for citizens and businesses to create products that contribute to decision-making, monitor and control public institutions as well as to improve the quality of life. Open data allows citizens to have unrestricted access to information collected by the government. Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is an approach to software development that represent artifacts as models with the goal of reducing costs in the software development process. The use of these models allows to improve the processes of application development. The purpose of MDE is to try to reduce costs and development times and improve the quality of the systems, regardless the platform and guaranteeing business investments against the rapid evolution of technology. Thus, it will not be necessary to start from scratch whenever a new project is proposed or some type of maintenance on the product is desired so the associated cost will be reduced. This paper presents a metamodel and its corresponding Domain Specific Language that captures public data and then transport, transform, analyze them in order to help decision-making to the agroindustry stakeholders
Customer Relationship Management is the first book to explore the benefits to the firm of a globally integrated approach to the management philosophy of Customer Relationship Management (CRM). The best hope for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage in a global marketplace is by means of better understanding which customers are in the best position to experience long-term, profitable relationships for the globally oriented firm. This book offers both an academic and a practical viewpoint of the importance of CRM in a global framework. It integrates the topics of knowledge management, total quality management, and relationship marketing with the goal of explaining the benefits of CRM for internationally active firms. The authors have included six case studies which allow the reader to undertake the role of CRM consultant in a 'learning by doing' approach.
The paper suggests an application of knowledge engineering methods to support web design-related
decisions and enhance usability for e-commerce software products. A prototype of a frame-based
ontology was designed with Protégé editor to integrate somehow scattered and discrepant knowledge in the fields of HCI, usability engineering, web design, etc. Knowledge discovery and information extraction are demonstrated for a sample target group of elder users, resulting in formal rules and text-based guidelines. The developed ontology could be used in an expert system or for training to improve e-commerce software quality. Considerations for online publishing of the ontology for further knowledge discovery, validation and formalization are provided.
Several initiatives support supply-chain integration by using Extensible Markup Language (XML). We study the main XML technologies to accomplish the integration. The basic XML technologies enable straightforward exchange of data as XML documents between the trading partners in a supply chain. We clarify the motivation to standardize the use of XML technologies in e-Business frameworks. We have analysed 23 e-Business frameworks to identify their basic features and to categorize them. A comparison is made between eight important frameworks. The paper also discusses experiences from XML-based supply-chain integration. The existing experiences are limited and comparison with Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is not simple. A shared understanding of business documents and business processes is necessary for supply-chain integration, and XML technologies alone do not solve all these issues.
This article focuses on the design and characterization of management model for MSMEs, based on e-commerce and the GS1 international e-com standard. The first part contextualizes electronic commerce and its impact on domestic industry, and briefly describes the B2B e-commerce model used in Colombia. Subsequently the first step to apply the model is presented, which corresponds to the design of a diagnostic methodology that evaluates the technological, technical, commercial and administrative aspects of the organization; after that are exposed the results of the pilot experiment performed on a MSME from Bogota, and finally will be explained the procedures for the implementation of the model.
The pattern language for e-business provides a holistic support for developing software architectures for the e-business domain. The pattern language contains four related pattern categories: Business Patterns, Integration Patterns, Application Patterns, and Runtime Patterns. These pattern categories organise an e-business architecture into three layers—business interaction, application infrastructure and middleware infrastructure—and provide reusable design solutions to these layers in a top–down decomposition fashion. Business and Integration Patterns partition the business interaction layer into a set of subsystems; Application Patterns provide a high-level application infrastructure for these subsystems and separate business abstractions from their software solutions; Runtime Patterns then define a middleware infrastructure for the subsystems and shield design solutions from their implementations. The paper describes, demonstrates and evaluates this pattern language.
Data formats and e-business frameworks are important standards for e-business. The ASC X12, EDIFACT and XML formats are utilized in e-business frameworks which are supported in information systems. The EDI formats have retained a position in cross-industry-document e-business frameworks, whereas the XML format dominates in cross-industry-process e-business frameworks and has gained a footing in industry-specific e-business frameworks. The use of XML-based e-business frameworks has increased more than the use of EDI-based e-business frameworks in 2004. XML-based e-business frameworks are more widely used in the new market economies and EDI-based e-business frameworks in the old market economies. XML-based e-business frameworks are more common in the industries for which there exists an XML-based but no EDI-based industry-specific e-business framework. In other industries, EDI-based e-business frameworks are more common. This paper also discusses a lock-in to the EDI formats and EDI-based e-business frameworks.
This paper proposes a semantic information integration approach for agent-based electronic markets based on ontology-based technology, improved by the application and exploitation of the trust relationships captured by the social networks. We intent face the problem of the growth of e-commerce using software agents to support both customers and suppliers in buying and selling products. The diversity of the involved actors leads to different conceptualizations of the needs and capabilities, giving rise to semantic incompatibilities between them. It is hard to find two agents using precisely the same vocabulary. They usually have a heterogeneous private vocabulary defined in their own private ontology. In order to provide help in the conversation among different agents, we are proposing what we call ontology-services to facilitate agents' interoperability. More specifically, this work proposes an ontology-based information integration approach, exploiting the ontology mapping paradigm, by aligning consumer needs and the market capacities, in a semi-automatic mode, improved by the application and exploitation of the trust relationships captured by the social networks.
According to high development of internet and data amount, conventional e-commerce can't meet high demands on precisely data exchange. Therefore, this paper designed a data management model based on semantic web for e commerce, presented its overall architecture, built its ontology and extended semantic by RACER inference machine, and then designed the relational database. Finally, after stimulate experiment, the result shows this model works well with advanced performance.
Web usage mining is the process of extracting useful information from users history databases associated to an e-commerce website. The extraction is usually performed by data mining techniques applied on server log data or data obtained from specific tools such as Google Analytics. This paper presents the methodology used in an e-commerce website of extra virgin olive oil sale called www.OrOliveSur.com. We will describe the set of phases carried out including data collection, data preprocessing, extraction and analysis of knowledge. The knowledge is extracted using unsupervised and supervised data mining algorithms through descriptive tasks such as clustering, association and subgroup discovery; applying classical and recent approaches. The results obtained will be discussed especially for the interests of the designer team of the website, providing some guidelines for improving its usability and user satisfaction.
The spectacular growth of the Internet and its widespread adoption by worldwide corporations lead to an enormous quantity of heterogeneous, distributed and autonomous data sources. To facilitate the access to these huge amounts of data and make these sources interoperable, two technologies may be combined: data warehousing and ontologies. Data warehouses are designed to aggregate data and allow decision makers in these companies to obtain accurate, complete and up to date information. In the past decade, Data Warehouse Technology (DWT) has been successfully applied in several domains such as telecommunication, retail, finance and many other industries. It supports a wide range of applications throughout the enterprise. The DWT has been largely used to offer sustainable solutions for enterprises. On the other hand, ontologies are models for specifying the semantics of concepts used by various heterogeneous sources in a well defined and unambiguous way. Ontologies exist in various domains (E-commerce, Engineering, Tourism, etc.) and are used to increase interoperability between sources. They may be used to improve communication between decision makers and users collaborating together, by specifying the semantics of the used concepts. In this paper, we propose a methodology for designing data warehousing applications from various sources. Each source has its local ontology referencing a global one. The presence of ontologies has three main contributions: (i) each owner of each source may use it to define his/her requirements, (ii) it reduces most important types of conflicts that may exist in sources and requirements (schematic and semantic) and (iii) it facilitates the sustainable urbanization of the target data warehouse. Our methodology is supported by a case tool facilitating the tasks of data warehouse designers.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of risk in the formation of perceptions of value in the b2b domain, specifically within e-banking. The functional relationships between three types of risk (performance, financial and psychological) and the benefits and sacrifices components of value are tested within a broader nomological network that includes e-service quality (as an antecedent of value) and satisfaction, word-of-mouth and intention to switch (as outcomes of value). The hypothesised relationships are tested, using Partial Least Squares, on data collected through a postal survey from 167 UK-based SME organisations. The results confirm the significant but differential impact of the three types of risk on the two value components. Specifically performance risk and financial risk are found to be significant determinants of benefits, while psychological risk impacts on perceptions of sacrifices. We also provide evidence of the differential impact of the benefits and sacrifices components of value on satisfaction, and the existence of both direct and indirect (through satisfaction) impact of these components on word-of-mouth and intention to switch. This is the first documented empirical investigation of the impact of perceptions of risk in the study of perceptions of value within the domain of b2b marketing and consequently offers new insights into the subject matter. The theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed and the manner in which the identified relationships can aid future research are explicated.
The research of enterprise boundary had been done in a lot of field such as Classical Economics, Marxist Political Economy, Neoclassical Economics and New Institutional Economics. These research focused on comparative advantage and paid little attention to the situation that competition and cooperation existed at the same time. Based on the relationship among enterprises, the paper analyzed the influence of social network to the boundary of enterprises from the perspective of relation property and network location and network structure. Then some conclusions could be drawn. In the mean time some limitation existed in the research.
In the era of Internet economics, e-business has become one of the most important strategic fac-tors for enterprise development, so theoretical systems are needed to help enterprises develop e-business transformation strategies. A review of enterprise transformation theory identified five critical organization di-mensions of e-business transformation, corporate strategy and vision transformation, organizational struc-ture, product and market transformation, business process transformation, and corporate culture transfor-mation. An e-business transformation process model was developed based on the five dimensions. This model can help enterprises to more effectively implement e-business transformation strategies.
A major challenge facing contemporary industrial organization lies in effective supply chain integration. Toward this end, developments in e-business technologies and standards have made the creation of operational linkages--the linking of systems, procedures, and routines of buying and selling organizations--increasingly affordable. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of a particular e-business standard, the RosettaNet, in integrating the telecommunications supply chain with an in-depth dyad-level case study. We find that the RosettaNet standard alone is insufficient for creating interorganizational system-to-system integrations that benefit both transacting parties. We present two propositions for further research on e-business enabled operational linkages.
By combining two independent research streams, we examined the determinant factors of strategic value and adoption of electronic commerce as perceived by top managers in small and medium sized enterprises (SME) in the midwest region of the US. We proposed a research model that suggested three factors that have been found to be influential in previous research in the perception of strategic value of other information technologies: operational support, managerial productivity, and strategic decision aids. Inspired by the technology acceptance model and other relevant research in the area, we also identified four factors that influence electronic commerce adoption: organizational readiness, external pressure, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness. We hypothesized a causal link between the perceived strategic value of electronic commerce and electronic commerce adoption. To validate the research model, we collected data from top managers/owners of SME by using an Internet survey.
Nowadays, new technologies and the fast growth of the Internet have made access to information easier for all kind of people, raising new challenges to education when using Internet as a medium. One of the best examples is how to guide students in their learning processes.
The need to look for guidance from their teachers or other companions that many Internet users experience when endeavoring to choose their readings, exercises o practices is a very common reality. In order to cater for this need many different information and recommendation strategies have been developed. Recommendation Systems is one of these.
Recommendation Systems try to help the user, presenting him those objects he could be more interested in, based on his known preferences or on those of other users with similar characteristics.
This document tries to present the current situation with regards to Recommendation Systems and their application on distance education over the Internet.
This paper focuses on analyzing the relationship between Internet technologies and firm performance. This relationship is examined not only from the simple presence of Internet technologies, but also according to different e-business orientations: e-business orientation to customers and e-business orientation to internal processes. In addition, the relationship between Internet technologies and the proposed e-business orientations is examined. To achieve these objectives, a theoretical model is developed and tested by using structural equation modelling on a dataset of 1010 firms. The results show a positive relationship between e-business orientations and firm performance. In contrast, the results confirm that the merely presence of Internet technologies is not positively associated with firm performance.
Semantic knowledge representation is the key for the development of present intelligent systems. Furthermore, the Semantic Web provide a formal representation and knowledge-driven set of technologies to enable automation of business processes. Despite the new trends on business process automation based on semantic technologies and Web Services, a number of business processes still require human intervention. In this paper we address the problem of ontology-based process representation based on expert’s knowledge, considering both tasks executed by means of web services and tasks executed by persons. In this way, fully-automated and semi-automated processes (guided by a person) could be represented and executed. The proposed model is based on the set of situations that can be identified by an expert in a given process and the actions required in each situation. For validating our approach, a sales supporting system based on the proposed architecture has been developed. The proof-of concept system has been running for a remarkably time, supporting the sales process for non-expert sellers.
As the IC (integrated circuit) industry migrates to the System-on-Chip (SOC) era, the SOC design service industry is emerging. Meanwhile, in the past decade, the emergence of Internet has changed the high technology marketing approaches while e-commerce has already become one of the most efficient marketing channels. Thus, most leading SOC design service firms tried to leverage novel e-commerce business models to provide better services including online silicon intellectual property (SIP) sourcing, transactions, integration, etc. to assist customers in enhancing their innovation competences to shorten their time to market and thus, time to money. However, defining appropriate e-business models for commercializing new SIPs or SOC design services is not easy for both aspects of technology as well as business development. On one hand, from the aspect of technology, the technical site R&D or production managers are familiar with SOC technologies while do not really understand the needs of customers’ over the Internet. On the other hand, from the aspect of business development, the sales or marketing managers may be familiar with online customers’ needs, wants as well as demands while are unfamiliar to SOC technology developments. To overcome the above mentioned problems, an appropriate e-business model definition framework can overcome this cognitive gap and maximize the value-added of online SOC design services. In this paper, a novel analytic framework based on the concept of design service customers’ competence set expansions by leveraging high technology service firms’ capabilities and resources as well as novel multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques, will be proposed. The framework being proposed can be leveraged by the design service firms to define an appropriate e-business model for possible SIP or design service businesses. Based on the proposed MCDM framework, an empirical study of an SIP commercialization e-business model definition inside an SIP Mall, an SIP e-commerce mechanism being operated by a SOC design service firm, will be provided for verifying the effectiveness of this novel analytic framework. The feasibility of the proposed framework in the real world can be verified by the empirical study. In the future, the novel MCDM framework can be applied to novel e-business model definitions in the SOC design service or other high technology industries.
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