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Use of a laser oscillator heterodyne interferometer as an optical sensor of microdisplacements
Abstract
A laser oscillator heterodyne interferometer, used under single-frequency lasing conditions, was
found to have a high sensitivity to changes in the path lengths in the interferometer arms
amounting to a few optical wavelengths. A study was made of the mechanism which made it
possible to vary widely the lasing frequency of the interferometer and its sensitivity to the phase
shifts in the arms.
... The first studies of the Optoelectronic oscillator date back to 1984-1990 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. ...
... In these studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Optoelectronic oscillator OEO with direct modulation of a laser diode at frequencies of 30-60 MHz was experimentally investigated. The first name of the optoelectronic oscillator was a Laser Self-Oscillator with a fiber-optic delay line (S-O FODL). ...
... In the early nineties, Optoelectronic oscillator OEO studies continued with an external modulator based on an acousto-optical cell [6,7]. ...
The history of the creation and research of the "Optoelectronic generator, OEO" in the USSR and Russia is described. References of publications, articles and patents are given for the period 1985-2012.
Taking into account the above publications, it can be said with certainty that the "Quantum Group" of researchers in Moscow power engineering institute (TU) (MPEI) and The Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IRE) have made a significant contribution to the development of the "Optoelectronic oscillator" from 1984 to the present, "OEO", and methods for generating radio-frequency oscillations based on opto-electronic methods.
... In these studies [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Optoelectronic oscillator OEO with direct modulation of a laser diode at frequencies of 30-60 MHz was experimentally investigated. The first name of the optoelectronic oscillator was a Laser Self-Oscillator with a fiber-optic delay line (S-O FODL). ...
... In the early nineties, Optoelectronic oscillator OEO studies continued with an external modulator based on an acousto-optical cell [9,10]. ...
In 2018, the anniversary is celebrated -110 anniversary of his birth of outstanding scientist and Academician Kotelnikov Vladimir A.. The organization The Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IRE) led by Kotelnikov created innovative developments that were ahead of time. One of that invetation is the creation and study of "Opto-electronic oscillator" or OEO. In this article references are given to the main works of scientists in the period 1985-2015. Kotelnikov Vladimir A. headed IRE and was a graduate of the Radio engineering faculty of Moscow power engineering institute (TU) (MPEI). It was the joint group of scientists from MPEI and IRE that conducted pioneering work on the study of the first models of OEO.Taking into account the above publications, it can be said with certainty that the "Quantum Group" of researchers in Moscow power engineering institute (TU) (MPEI) of the Radio engineering faculty and The Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IRE) have made a significant contribution to the development of the "Optoelectronic oscillator" from 1984 to the present, "OEO", and methods for generating radio-frequency oscillations based on opto-electronic methods.
... in IRE was Prof. Doctor of Physics-Mathematics Science,V.V. Grigor'yants. In these studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Optoelectronic oscillator OEO with direct modulation of a laser diode at frequencies of 30-60 MHz was experimentally investigated. The first name of the optoelectronic oscillator was a Laser Self-Oscillator with a fiber-optic delay line (S-O FODL). ...
... In the early nineties, Optoelectronic oscillator OEO studies continued with an external modulator based on an acousto-optical cell [6,7]. ...
The history of the creation and research of the "Optoelectronic oscillator, OEO" in the USSR and Russia is described. References of publications, articles and patents are given for the period 1985-2012. Taking into account the above publications, it can be said with certainty that the "Quantum Group" of researchers in Moscow power engineering institute (TU) (MPEI) and The Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics (IRE) have made a significant contribution to the development of the "Optoelectronic oscillator" from 1984 to the present, "OEO", and methods for generating radio-frequency oscillations based on opto-electronic methods. Optoelectronic oscillator refers to devices using quantum light generators-lasers. The OEO circuit consists of a laser (or laser diode) with modulator of light radiation , an optical fiber, a photo-detector (based on a photo-diode), a nonlinear electronic amplifier and a frequency selective element(a radio-frequency filter), and a coupler, which are serially closed in the feedback ring. Optoelectronic oscillator OEO circuits by the principle of modulation can be divided into two classes: 1. OEO with direct internal modulation of the laser diode pump current, 2. OEO with external modulation of optical radiation from a laser or laser diode-with an acousto-optical modulator,-with electro-optical modulator, with a modulator based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The first studies of the Optoelectronic oscillator date back to 1984-1990 [1-10].
... in IRE was Prof. Doctor of Physics-Mathematics Science,V.V. Grigor'yants. In these studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Optoelectronic oscillator OEO with direct modulation of a laser diode at frequencies of 30-60 MHz was experimentally investigated. The first name of the optoelectronic oscillator was a Laser Self-Oscillator with a fiber-optic delay line (S-O FODL). ...
... In the early nineties, Optoelectronic oscillator OEO studies continued with an external modulator based on an acousto-optical cell [6,7]. ...
... There were previous proposals to integrate an interferometer with an OEO for a sensitive detection of either displacement or rotation. In 1991 a Soviet group constructed an OEO in a Mach-Zehnder configuration using an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) as a beam splitter [13]. They pointed out that its oscillation frequency was highly sensitive to the difference in the interferometer arm lengths and carried out a proof-of-principle experiment. ...
We report on measurement of small displacements with sub-nanometer precision using an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with an intra-loop Michelson interferometer. In comparison with conventional homodyne and heterodyne detection methods, where displacement appears as a power change or a phase shift, respectively, in the OEO detection, the displacement produces a shift in the oscillation frequency. In comparison with typical OEO sensors, where the frequency shift is proportional to the OEO oscillation frequency in radio-frequency domain, the frequency shift in our method with an intra-loop interferometer is proportional to an optical frequency. We constructed a hybrid apparatus and compared characteristics of the OEO and heterodyne detection methods.
Optical amplifier based on modulation has been implemented. Its noise has been measured in the range 40–60% above quantum
limit for gain up to 1000. Lasing of the amplifier with positive feedback is used to transform laser light. Transition of
regimes of laser light transformer from stable oscillation to dynamic chaos has been observed.
The general scheme of a delayed-feedback oscillator (DFO) is described,
and the inertial and nonlinear properties of the circuit are examined,
the fundamental equation of the elementary model being presented.
Attention is given to the linear oscillation stage (with mode expansion)
as well as to the nonlinear stage of the transient process (the dynamics
of the oscillation amplitude and oscillation phase). A classification of
autooscillation regimes is presented, and a brief survey of published
studies on DFOs is given. Results are presented concerning TWT
oscillators, free-electron lasers, and a ring-resonator nonlinear-optic
system.
Operating modes of a laser oscillating Mach-Zehnder interferometer which
is a simplified version of the fiber-optic laser oscillating
Mach-Zehnder interferometer proposed by Grigor'yants et al. (1988) and
Grigor'yants and Il'in (1989), were investigated experimentally. Out of
the total set of possible operating modes of the interferometer, a
single-frequency steady-state operating mode was identified. This mode
is of paramount importance for practical applications such as its use by
an interferometric sensor indicating ambient factors by changes in
frequency of self-oscillations. A schematic diagram of the setup for
measuring the self-oscillating modes is presented.
An analysis is made of spontaneous oscillations in a laser fiber-optic heterodyne interferometer utilizing single-mode fiber waveguides forming a closed ring. A theory is given of steady-state single-frequency lasing in such a system, which represents a characteristic spontaneous oscillator with a delayed optical feedback. The condition for self-excitation and steady-state lasing are found and the frequency and amplitude of steady-state spontaneous oscillations are deduced. It is shown that a high stability of the lasing frequency is possible in a self-oscillatory system with heterodyning of optical oscillations in a reference laser. It is suggested that such a lasing interferometer can be used as a highly sensitive interferometric sensor of external perturbations of a fiber waveguide distinguished by a higher precision of manifestation of such perturbations in the frequency of spontaneous oscillations, i.e., in the quantity which at present can be measured more accurately than any other physical parameter.
An experimental investigation was made of the operation of a laser oscillating Mach-Zehnder interferometer representing an optoelectronic self-oscillatory system with a delayed feedback loop. Single-sustained steady-state lasing was selected out of many possible ways of operating this interferometer. This type of operation is of practical importance, for example, when the interferometer is used as a sensor with a frequency output. Bibtex entry for this abstract Preferred format for this abstract (see Preferences) Find Similar Abstracts: Use: Authors Title Abstract Text Return: Query Results Return items starting with number Query Form Database: Astronomy Physics arXiv e-prints
The development of optical reflectometers with a spatial
resolution in the submillimeter range is reviewed. Optical time-domain
reflectometers (OTDRs) and optical low-coherence reflectometers (OLCRs)
for nondestructive diagnostics of waveguide devices are discussed.
Techniques, system performances, and experimental results are discussed
for OTDRs and for OLCRs. Fields of applications for these techniques are
indicated, and some preliminary conclusions are presented. A dynamic
range of ~100 dB and a spatial resolution in the range of 10-60 μm
were achieved with both types of reflectometers. Nondestructive
diagnostics on waveguide components and integrated optics circuits are
feasible at these performance levels