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Sustainability Indicators: A Scientific Assessment. SCOPE 67
Abstract
While the concept of sustainability has been widely embraced, it has been only vaguely defined and is exceedingly difficult to measure. Sustainability indicators are critical to making the broad concept of sustainability operational by providing specific measures by which decision makers and the public can judge progress. Sustainability Indicators defines the present state of the art in indicator development. It presents a comprehensive assessment of the science behind various indicators, while placing special emphasis on their use as communications tools. The contributors draw on their experience as academics and practitioners to describe the conceptual challenges to measuring something as complex as sustainability at local, regional, national, and global scales. The book also reviews existing indicators to assess how they could be better employed, considering which indicators are overused and which have been underutilized. Sustainability Indicators will help planners and policy makers find indicators that are ready for application and relevant to their needs, and will help researchers identify the unresolved issues where progress is most urgently needed. All readers will find advice as to the most effective ways to use indicators to support decision making.
... Para viabilizar a sustentabilidade é necessário o uso de ferramentas de avaliação (indicadores), conforme Van Bellen (2006), e para mensurar a sustentabilidade abordando questões sociais, econômicas ou ambientais (HAK et al., 2007). Esses são instrumentos essenciais para guiar ações, e subsidiar o acompanhamento e avaliação do progresso alcançado (IBGE, 2015), na qual, a utilização pelos gestores públicos é relevante para apresentar as intervenções necessárias a fim de corrigir problemas, viabilizando o desenvolvimento de forma a atingir a sustentabilidade efetiva (REZENDE E FAGUNDES, 2017). ...
... Salienta-se que indicadores e índices captam a realidade complexa (HAK et al., 2007), sendo que o indicador fornece informações sobre um determinado fenômeno (OECD, 1993), enquanto um índice apresenta o estado do sistema ou fenômeno (SHELDFS et. al, 2002 A principal contribuição científica dessa pesquisa foi desenvolver ferramenta útil aos administradores de serviços de saneamento que possibilite o monitoramento de aspectos de saúde pública, bem como possa ser útil à análise temporal dos serviços realizados em escala municipal ou regional. ...
The management of services for environmental health can be achieved through the use of indicators as a practice to improve urban infrastructure. The goal was to analyze the sanitary and environmental conditions in 14 municipalities in the Baixo Pardo/Grande watershed. The following steps were carried out: i) identification of indicators, ii) structuring of an evaluation model on a scale from 0 (zero) to 100, iii) consultation with specialists using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, iv) elaboration of the index in georeferenced maps in QGIS, version 3.22. The model generated 18 sub-indicators grouped into 7 indicators. The index ranged from 21.55 to 66.72%, with 8 municipalities deemed medium health level, 5 deemed low and 1 unhealthy. In most municipalities, solid waste indicators stood out with high condition, while vegetation cover and urban drainage reached the lowest values. It is essential to establish measures and public policies to guarantee the evolution of these indicators in the basin.
... We used GDP/Land area instead of simple GDP because it provides a rough correction for differences due to island size by describing economic output per area of land. The HDI measures the quality of life (life expectancy, level of education and standard of living) of a given population (Hak et al. 2012). EF is a measure of the degree of human demand on natural capital (Hak et al. 2012;Collins and Flynn 2015). ...
... The HDI measures the quality of life (life expectancy, level of education and standard of living) of a given population (Hak et al. 2012). EF is a measure of the degree of human demand on natural capital (Hak et al. 2012;Collins and Flynn 2015). The percentage of protected area included both terrestrial and marine areas designed by national authorities. ...
Under global environmental change, understanding the interactions between people and nature has become critical for human survival. Comparative research can identify trends within social-ecological systems providing key insights for both environmental and developmental research. Island systems, with clear land boundaries, have been proposed as ideal case studies for comparative research, but it is unclear to what extent their potential has been fulfilled. To summarize existing research and identify potential gaps and new directions, we reviewed comparative environmental and developmental research on Pacific Large Ocean States. A diversity of case study locations and research themes were addressed within the sample of reviewed studies. Within the reviewed literature climate change, energy infrastructure, trade and fisheries were key themes of environmental and developmental research compared between island systems. Research was biased towards wealthier Pacific Large Ocean States and those with a relatively higher degree of socio-economic development. Our review highlights the potential value of a stronger a priori inclusion of spatial scale and conceptual frameworks, such as spatial resilience, to facilitate generalization from case studies.
... As myriad perspectives on ESD implementation emerged, the academic community called for systematic and comprehensive studies on ESD implementation in formal education and beyond (cf. Sollart 2005;Reid et al. 2006;Paden & Chhokar 2007;Hak et al. 2007;Tilbury 2007;McKeown 2007;Wals 2009;Cruz López 2011). ...
... Endeavors targeting the construction of (new) indicators followed up previous work (cf. OECD 2003;Reid et al. 2006;Hak et al. 2007;UNESCO 2009) and aimed for indicators that were able to both diagnose the functionality of systems and offer insights into hidden and invisible processes and structures inherent to them (cf. UNECE 2005a(cf. ...
Die Entwicklung von Indikatoren zur Messung der BNE-Implementierung in die formelle Bildung prägt spätestens seit der UN-Dekade BNE die Debatte um die Erfolge politischer Vorhaben. Dieser Beitrag wendet die vier Indikatoren von Bagoly-Simó (2013a, 2013b, 2014a) auf den 2017 in Kraft getretenen Bayerischen Realschullehrplan, um die Tiefe und Breite der BNE-Implementierung im Zuge der Lehrplanreform zu messen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen neben einer oberflächlichen Implementierung auch eine fortschreitende Spezialisierung auf wenige Fächer. Neben der Geographie und Biologie leisten die technischen Fächer den stärksten Beitrag zu einer BNE. Zwar müssen BNE-Themen einer kontinuierlichen Überpürfung unterzogen werden, dennoch bilden sie einen geeigneten Indokator zur Messung der Verknüpfung von BNE und Fachwissen.
... There was a healthier approach to the kind of modern regionalism mentioned above, in which an attempt was made to discover the basic lessons of the local tradition, and to mix them with a modern language that had already evolved [8]. Thus, regionalism represents the end result of the modernization process and can no longer be considered a reactionary attitude (Thorsten Botz-Bornstein,2015: [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. ...
... Sustainability measurement [3] is a term that refers to the measurements used as a quantitative basis for conscious management of sustainability [17]. Criteria used to measure sustainability (including the sustainability of environmental, social, and economic domains, either individually or in different combinations) are still evolving which include indicators, benchmarks, audits, indexes and accounting, as well as assessment, appraisal [18] and other reporting systems, and are applied in wide range of spatial and temporal scales [19,20]. ...
Today, hospital buildings have gotten a lot of attention. Given the complicated architecture of treatment facilities, the problem of sustainability in this building is being studied more in order to maximize efficiency and minimize energy loss. Many variables lead to the occurrence of such a problem. When it comes to regionalism, of the factors whose presences are very important are the environment and ecosystem, and in the meantime, it can be referred to as the regionalism and ecosystem that are intertwined and complement each other. The balance of the man-made artificial environment with the natural environment is one of the important goals of the green viewpoint and sustainability issue in relation to the construction debate. Creating a path for man-made structures to align with nature and the surroundings, which can lead to improved stability in both the artificial and natural environments. The stronger the stability, the more this balance moves toward interaction. By researching regionalism, ecosystem, and their aspects, the current paper intends to investigate the impact rate of these components on hospitals, highlighting the necessity to link these two concerns by analyzing expert opinion. This is a qualitative, analytical-interpretive paper, and the findings suggest that discussions of regionalism and ecosystems in hospitals, as well as adaptation of these buildings to the climate can have a key role in aligning it with the region and the cultural environment.
In this paper, the authors present the results of a survey conducted on the European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH), whose goal was to evaluate how sustainable development is progressing from various perspectives, i.e. environmental, social, clients’ and partners’ perspectives. The study confirms that heritage authenticity is a key resource that builds the core of such cultural tourism sites. An observation was also made that only a few facilities within the ERIH association developed a sustainability agenda and that having such a document in place impacts how a site affects its environment and how it manages other developmental issues. In general, the majority of the researched sites does not consciously tackle sustainability problems (this is reflected in the managerial approach), but at the same time, their attitude towards the local society, as well as the clients and partners, is mostly aligned with sustainability goals.
According to the Chartered Institute of Marketing, “Marketing is the management function which organises and directs all those business activities involved in assessing customer needs and converting customer purchasing power into effective demand for a specific product or service, and in moving that product or service to the final consumer or user so as to achieve the profit target or other objective set by the company or other organisation”. In other words “marketing is about anticipating demand, recognizing it, stimulating it and finally satisfying it. It is understanding what can be sold, to whom, when, where and in what quantities”. All marketing strategies need to be complaint with the Unfair Commercial Practices Regulation.
This paper presents a systematic method for calculating regional level Environmental sustainability by using the sustainable value approach. The quest for achieving sustainability has led to the development of various tools and measures for structuring and conducting sustainable development policy analyses and the metrics used for the measurement of sustainability are still evolving. Sustainable Value approach is another simple tool for measuring sustainability performance. In general, Sustainable Value integrates the three dimensions of sustainability: the economic development, environmental sustainability and social development. This paper uses the principles of the sustainable value approach to calculate the environmental sustainability of the regions of the Czech Republic.
Access to justice has been recognized as an essential component of peace, sustainable
development and conflict resolution. The international community acknowledged this
significance with the 2015 adoption of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development and, in particular, Sustainable Development Goal 16- Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions. Due to the many distinctive characteristics of post-conflict settings, attempting to measure access to justice in post-conflict environments remains challenging. In order to develop a conceptual measurement framework for use in post-conflict situations, this qualitative study reviews and analyzes the literature on access to justice, existing measurement tools designed to measure the concept, and data gathered through consultations with 10 subject matter experts in San Jose, Costa Rica. The resulting conceptual measurement framework accounts for the unique and varied ways that access to justice is experienced in post-conflict environments and suggests
feasible options for implementation in the field.
Jakarta-Bandung Mega Urban Region (JBMUR), located in the western part of Java Island, Indonesia, is experiencing rapid regional development which can be observed from its increase in population density, massive changes of land-use from agricultural land into built-up area, rapid development of infrastructure and facilities, and advances in economic activities. Unfortunately, problems related to sustainability emerge along with this rapid regional development, primarily in decrease in environmental quality and social performance, leading to unsustainable development. This study aims: (1) to develop indicators promoting sustainable development at the subdistrict level, named the local sustainability index (LSI), utilizing factor analysis; (2) to observe local-scale spatial interdependency by employing local indicator of spatial association (LISA) statistics; and (3) to identify regional clusters based on LSI scores using K-means clustering method. Our LISA results show that spatial interdependency of local sustainability performances exists between local-scale spatial units: the LSI of a subdistrict is influenced by the sustainability state of the surrounding areas. Meanwhile, the clustering results show that most subdistricts in JBMUR are categorized as members of cluster 1 with low LSI values in economic and social dimensions but moderate in environmental dimensions.
Manufacturing organizations continuously improve their energy, environmental, and economic performance at different manufacturing levels (products, processes, enterprise, etc.) using various assessment methodologies for visibility and a competitive market edge. Sustainability assessment has become the focus of the manufacturing performance measurement in the last decade and has triggered numerous methodological developments and adoption in practice. The assessment focus has broadened from process to enterprise-level, single to multiple parameters, fragmented to a holistic point of view, and local businesses to global sustainability and circularity. Increasing global environmental burden, resource scarcity, and human health challenges urge a shift towards effective assessment practices. This article critically reviews sustainability assessment practices in manufacturing from a methodological efficiency-effectiveness perspective. A clear distinction between efficiency and effectiveness practices has been discussed. The requirements and research challenges for effectiveness in the sustainability assessment practice in theory (academia) and practice (industry) is presented.
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