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Can you connect with me now? How the presence of mobile communication technology influences face-to-face conversation quality
Abstract
Recent advancements in communication technology have enabled billions of people to connect over great distances using mobile phones, yet little is known about how the frequent presence of these devices in social settings influences face-to-face interactions. In two experiments, we evaluated the extent to which the mere presence of mobile communication devices shape relationship quality in dyadic settings. In both, we found evidence they can have negative effects on closeness, connection, and conversation quality. These results demonstrate that the presence of mobile phones can interfere with human relationships, an effect that is most clear when individuals are discussing personally meaningful topics.
... Texting immersion can be harmful to the individual, predicting higher levels of depression and stress (Harwood et al., 2014), thus impacting relationships due to potential isolation and disconnection from the world around them. Current research supports that texting immersion can be problematic by decreasing in-person engagement (Turkle, 2011) and negatively impacting interpersonal connection, specifically feelings of closeness between partners can be inhibited (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013). In relationships, about half of people report their partners being distracted by their cellphones during times of attempted connection among partners (Pew Research Center, 2020). ...
... The findings from this study suggest that particular attention should be paid to the remaining nonjudgmental facet of mindfulness when attempting to mitigate the potentially harmful effects of elevated texting immersion. Current research suggests that decreasing one's tendency to be immersed in their texting behaviors will generally lead to positive outcomes such as increased interpersonal connection (e.g., McDaniel et al., 2018;Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013), decreased dangerous texting behaviors (such as distracted driving or walking; e.g., Feldman et al., 2011;Panek et al., 2015), and decreased stress as a result of excessive texting (Harwood et al., 2014). This study has expanded on that idea by exploring the role of mindfulness on the relationship between texting frequency and texting immersion. ...
... Given that previous research has indicated that texting immersion is linked to negative relational outcomes (e.g., McDaniel et al., 2018;Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013), clinicians who wish to promote positive relational outcomes may also benefit from utilizing interventions designed to improve mindfulness. Although some research has been done on how both trait mindfulness and relationship mindfulness are related to relational wellbeing (Bowlin & Baer, 2012;Kimmes et al., 2020), the results of the current study suggest there could be benefits from introducing mindfulness as a solution to relational distress as it relates to texting immersion. ...
As technology use becomes more and more popular, there is growing concern about how digital media use may be impacting relationships in a negative way. For example, when individuals become so engrossed in their phone use that they ignore those around them (known in this study as texting immersion). This can be damaging to relationships overall. However, mindfulness may be one solution to mitigating some of the negative implications of texting immersion. Using the Couple and Family Technology Framework, the aim of this study was to determine if mindfulness modifies the relationship between texting frequency and texting immersion. Additionally, this study looked to determine if particular components of mindfulness modified this relationship differently.
... La tecnodependencia se ha intensificado con el uso del celular, dado que su uso excesivo, junto con la falta de control, desemboca en un comportamiento compulsivo (13). Se estima que cerca del 70 % de los usuarios perciben que el teléfono está vibrando cuando realmente no es así (14); que corren el riesgo de volverse invisibles frente a sus contactos si no se envían mensajes (15), o que su uso debe darse incluso al conducir, lo que aumenta el riesgo de accidentes de tránsito (16). ...
... En este orden de ideas, el uso compulsivo de los dispositivos móviles puede generar dificultades sociales para los usuarios, quienes prefieren mantener interacciones por medio de plataformas digitales (13). Investigaciones previas (35)(36)(37) refieren que los adolescentes presentan una con- ducta problemática en el uso de las redes sociales. ...
Resumen Introducción: La tecnodependencia es un fenómeno en aumento que podría intensificar riesgos psicosociales como el tecnoestrés y la tecnoadicción, los cuales están asociados al deterioro de la salud y a consecuencias negativas para las organizaciones. Objetivo: Analizar el papel de la tecnodependencia en el tecnoestrés y la tecnoadicción en trabajadores de Colombia y México. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio con una estrategia asociativa, predic-tiva, que contó con 1137 participantes (nacionalidad colombiana = 46 % y nacionalidad mexicana = 54 %). Se utilizó una ficha de datos sociodemográficos y laborales, las escalas de medición de tecnodependencia, tecnoestrés y tecnoadicción. Para el análisis de los datos se realizó un modelo de senderos. Resultados: La generación muda (r = 151), el uso compulsivo del celular (r = 384), el phub-bing (r = 312) y el uso del celular al conducir (r =-0.21) presentaron una relación positiva con el uso excesivo de las tecnologías y una influencia directa en su uso compulsivo. Se concluye que la tecnodependencia cumple un papel predictor del tecnoestrés, y especialmente de la tecnoadicción, en trabajadores colombianos y mexicanos. Es fundamental monitorear el com-portamiento de estos riesgos psicosociales emergentes asociados a la tecnología, dadas las implicaciones que tiene en la salud de las personas, sobre todo en el contexto de pandemia. AbstRAct Introduction: Tech dependence is a growing phenomenon that could intensify psychoso-cial risks such as technostress and tech addiction, which are associated with health deterioration and negative consequences for organizations.
... Digital literacy skills enable individuals to navigate technology effectively and safely (UNESCO 2016). Media literacy is essential in distinguishing reliable sources from misinformation and disinformation (Nasery et al. 2023) Organizational level Organizational performance Investments in information technology increase profitability (Mithas et al. 2012) Cybersecurity threats are increasing (Chertoff 2023) E-learning tools or creativity software enhances employees' skills (Massetti 1996) Technologies, like videoconferencing, may inhibit idea generation (Brucks and Levav 2022) and lead to rising levels of fatigue (Fauville et al. 2021) Online labor platforms provide more autonomy to workers (Möhlmann et al. 2021) and enable efficient matching of demand and supply (De Reuver et al. 2018) Online labor platform workers might experience tensions associated with work execution, compensation, and belonging (Möhlmann et al. 2021) Individual level Social connectedness Social media give access to social capital and enable one to find social support (e.g., Liu et al. 2018) The mere presence of devices can negatively impact social relationships (Przybylski and Weinstein 2013) Finding support groups, e.g., for medical conditions, can be facilitated through social networks (Oh et al. 2013) Social media may cause social overload, leading to technology fatigue and discontinued use (Maier et al. 2015) Smartphones help users to feel close despite being physically separated (Diaz Andrade 2014) Social media use has been linked to mental health declines, such as increased loneliness (Zhang et al. 2022a) despite being physically separated (Diaz Andrade 2014). As a result, we are now interwoven more than ever, with digital tools fostering social relationships with colleagues, friends, family, acquaintances, and even strangers. ...
... Also, while technological advances seem to bring us closer to those, who are not physically near us, several studies outline that the same does not appear valid for those within our proximity. For example, the mere presence of smartphones in a social setup hinders connecting with others well (Przybylski and Weinstein 2013) and, therefore, may disconnect us from people. Since the persuasiveness and ubiquity of technological devices draw our attention away from those who are physically with us, such devices might also hinder casual social interactions and therefore reap us from increased emotional benefits we might gain from such (random) offline encounters (Kushlev et al. 2019). ...
... As technology has evolved, youth use technological devices to a greater degree to connect than ever before (7)(8)(9). For example, hours of TV viewing during adolescent leisure time decreased slightly but was more than offset by a sharp increase in leisure time computer use (10). ...
... Increased screen time among youth is associated with adverse mental health outcomes, including loneliness and feelings of social isolation (17), low self-esteem (18), decreased happiness and life satisfaction (19), and reduced mindfulness (9,20,21). Missing important social cues and reduced depth of connection (i.e., relationship quality, trust, and empathy) associated with decreased face-to-face contact may contribute to the adverse impact of screen time on mental health outcomes (8,9). Interestingly, adolescents with higher levels of coping behaviors and social support engaged in less screen time (14). ...
Introduction
Increased screen time coupled with public safety restrictions may pose a serious challenge to adequate social-emotional development in youth during the pandemic. Social-emotional competence (resilience, self-esteem, and self-compassion) are essential for youth to adapt to the “new normal” in the prolonged pandemic timeline. The current study investigated the efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention on youth social-emotional capacity while accounting for screen time.
Methods
One hundred and seventeen youth participated in a 12-week, online mindfulness-based program and completed pre-, post- and follow-up surveys across five cohorts during the COVID-19 pandemic (spring 2021 to spring 2022). Changes in youths’ resilience (RS), self-esteem (SE), and self-compassion (SC) between the three-time points were examined using linear regression analyses (unadjusted, partially adjusted for screen time, and fully adjusted for demographic and screen time variables). The regression models accounted for demographic (age, sex), baseline mental health status, and screen time (passive, social media, video games, and educational types of screen-based behaviours) factors.
Results
In an unadjusted regression model, resilience [ β = 3.68, 95%CI = 1.78–5.50, p < 0.001], self-compassion [ β = 0.50, 95%CI = 0.34–0.66, p < 0.001], and self-esteem [ β = 2.16, 95%CI = 0.98–3.34, p < 0.001] significantly increased after the mindfulness program, and the effects were maintained in the follow-up. The efficacy of the mindfulness program persisted after controlling for five types of screen time [RS: β = 2.73, 95%CI = 0.89–4.57, p < 0.01; SC: β = 0.50, 95%CI = 0.32–0.67, p < 0.001; SE: β = 1.46, 95%CI = 0.34–2.59, p < 0.01] and in a fully adjusted model which additionally accounted for the baseline mental health status and demographic factors [RS: β = 3.01, 95%CI = 1.20, p < 0.01; SC: β = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.33–0.68, p < 0.001; SE: β = 1.64, 95%CI = 0.51–2.77, p < 0.01] and maintained its impact in the follow-up.
Discussion
Our findings reinforce the evidence base on the efficacy of mindfulness and support the use of online mindfulness programs in building social–emotional competencies (i.e., self-compassion, self-esteem, and resilience) among youth exposed to screens during the pandemic.
... Ancak bu durum, bazı insanlarda FoMO'yu tetikleyebilir. FoMO, insanların başkalarının ne yaptıklarını kaçırma korkusudur ve sosyal medya ve diğer çevrimiçi platformlar üzerinden diğer insanların yaptıklarını sürekli olarak takip etme ihtiyacı yaratabilir (Przybylski ve Weinstein, 2013). ...
... Diğer taraftan, olumsuz duygu durumlarının sosyotelizm davranışını artırdığı ortaya konulmuştur. Örneğin, Przybylski ve Weinstein (2013) tarafından yapılan bir araştırmada, FoMO duygusunun sosyal medya kullanımını artırdığı ve aynı zamanda sosyotelizm davranışını da tetiklediği bulunmuştur. Araştırmaya katılanların çoğunluğu, diğer insanların paylaşımlarını kaçırmama korkusu nedeniyle sürekli olarak sosyal medyayı kontrol ettiklerini ve telefonlarını ellerinden düşürmediklerini belirtmiştir. ...
Gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu (FoMO) ve sosyotelizm davranışı bireyin sosyal ilişkilerini, iş performansını ve genel yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkileyen psikolojik unsurlardan bazılarıdır. Alan yazınında, olumsuz bir duygu durumu olan FoMO’nun sosyotelizm davranışıyla ilişkili olabileceğine dair bulgular yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amaçlarından ilki FoMO, problemli sosyal medya kullanımı ve sosyotelizm davranışı arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Çalışmanın ikinci amacı ise FoMO ve sosyotelizm davranışı arasındaki ilişkide problemli sosyal medya kullanımının aracılık rolünü incelemektir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın örneklemi, İsveç’in Göteborg Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören toplam 451 (217 (%48.1) kadın, 234 (%51.9) erkek) üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamına dahil olan öğrencilere yüz yüze anket uygulanmıştır. Gelişmeleri Kaçırma Korkusu (FoMO) Ölçeği, Problemli Sosyal Medya Kullanım Ölçeği ve Sosyotelizm Davranışı Ölçeği veri toplama araçları olarak kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, FoMO’nun ve problemli sosyal medya kullanımının sosyotelizm davranışını anlamlı olarak yordadığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, FoMO’nun sosyotelizm davranışının alt boyutu olan telefon tutkusuna olan etkisinde problemli sosyal medya kullanımının aracı rolüne sahip olduğu bulunurken FoMO’nun sosyotelizm davranışının bir diğer alt boyutu olan iletişim bozukluğuna olan etkisinde problemli sosyal medya kullanımının aracı rolü bulunmamıştır. Bu kapsamda, elde edilen bulguların hem alan yazınına hem de pratiğe önemli katkılar sunacağı düşünülmektedir.
... Phone use in a social interaction symbolises one's social network which exists outside the immediate social context, which therefore leads to ostracising the interaction partner. Przybylski and Weinstein (2012) added that phubbing crowds out the face-to-face conversation, as it implicitly represents an external social network that reveals itself through the act of engagement with the mobile device. In a phubbing situation the ostracised partner then becomes a phubbee, while the snubbing agent is labelled phubber (Toker & Tuncay, 2020). ...
... The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference in implications of whether it is ourselves snubbing on our partner, or whether it is the partner snubbing on us. Combined with theoretical assumptions of phubbing (Fortunati, 2002;Przybylski & Weinstein, 2012), it could be argued that habitual acts of ostracising one's romantic partner in an interaction may serve as a demonstration of one's dissatisfaction with a relationship. This, hence, provides the interaction partner with the information on the other's unavailability when emotional support is required (Coan et al., 1997;Gottman & Notarius, 2000). ...
This research investigated phubbing, snubbing someone in favour of a mobile phone, in romantic relationships. The study employed an experimental interaction design to address limitations found in previous studies. The study posited three hypotheses to investigate (H1) links between phubbing, mental health, and relationship items; (H2) emotionality trends before and after the experiment; and (H3) real-time emotional processes during the experiment. 35 couples (N = 70) were recruited to participate. The measures investigated correlations between phubbing and relationship items, pre- and post-interaction states, and real-time processes. Statistical analyses were run to produce empirical evidence. The study found that association between phubbing, relationship items, and mental health differed across gender, and that discrepancy in emotions during and after the experiment was based on the assigned role in the experiment. The research adds to existing evidence by extending theoretical and practical understanding of the link between emotions and phubbing behaviours in couples.
[Submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Science]
... Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs): (47) this scale consists of 10 items, where statements related to the fears and concerns that the individual may experience concerning being out of touch with the experiences of their extended social environment through Social Networks are applied. (48) Some of the statements used to measure this scale in our sample are "Sometimes I wonder if I spend too much time paying attention to what is going on," "When I miss a meeting with friends, it bothers me," and "When I go on vacation, I keep an eye on what my friends are doing." ...
... (a) (47) (b) (48) Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología. 2023; 3:328 4 ...
Introduction: Social networks can harm university students' mental health; therefore, it is urgent to have valid instruments to measure new phenomena such as FoMO. Objective: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs) in a sample of Chilean university students. Methods: Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were carried out and estimated using the Weighted Leasts Square Means and Variance (WLSMV). Results: The FoMOs evaluation had an internal consistency of 0.863 (Cronbach's Alpha). The con-firmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed two factors and good indicators: CFI = 0.991, TLI = 0.987, and an RMSEA of 0.054. Conclusion: The FoMOs is a good instrument for measuring the fear of missing out in the Chilean University population.
... However, the interaction with the smart device requires the user to shift the (visual) attention to the device and, thus, away from the conversation and other tasks. This cognitive focus switching between conversation and smart device can hamper the flow of the conversation: Users can lose the connection to the conversation [Przybylski and Weinstein, 2013], or even favor the interaction with the smart device over the actual conversation, a phenomenon known as phubbing [Coehoorn, 2014]. This can decrease mutual awareness of user's activities or otherwise hamper the joint experience. ...
... The perseverative interaction with mobile devices can lead to encapsulation in a mobile bubble, a phenomenon defined as phubbing [Coehoorn, 2014]. Emphasizing the influence on the quality of conversations, Przybylski and Weinstein [2013] found that the interaction with mobile devices reduces closeness and trust as well as interpersonal understanding and empathy between the participants. Regarding family meal situations, Moser, Schoenebeck, and Reinecke [2016] found that "attitudes about mobile phone use at meals differ depending on the particular phone activity and on who at the meal is engaged in that activity, children versus adults." ...
Recent technological advances have made head-mounted displays (HMDs) smaller and untethered, fostering the vision of ubiquitous interaction with information in a digitally augmented physical world. For interacting with such devices, three main types of input - besides not very intuitive finger gestures - have emerged so far: 1) Touch input on the frame of the devices or 2) on accessories (controller) as well as 3) voice input. While these techniques have both advantages and disadvantages depending on the current situation of the user, they largely ignore the skills and dexterity that we show when interacting with the real world: Throughout our lives, we have trained extensively to use our limbs to interact with and manipulate the physical world around us. This thesis explores how the skills and dexterity of our upper and lower limbs, acquired and trained in interacting with the real world, can be transferred to the interaction with HMDs. Thus, this thesis develops the vision of around-body interaction, in which we use the space around our body, defined by the reach of our limbs, for fast, accurate, and enjoyable interaction with such devices. This work contributes four interaction techniques, two for the upper limbs and two for the lower limbs: The first contribution shows how the proximity between our head and hand can be used to interact with HMDs. The second contribution extends the interaction with the upper limbs to multiple users and illustrates how the registration of augmented information in the real world can support cooperative use cases. The third contribution shifts the focus to the lower limbs and discusses how foot taps can be leveraged as an input modality for HMDs. The fourth contribution presents how lateral shifts of the walking path can be exploited for mobile and hands-free interaction with HMDs while walking.
... One contributor could be social media use, which has been shown to subsequently heighten stress (Rus & Tiemensma, 2017) reduce life satisfaction (Kross et al., 2013;Leung & Lee, 2005) and hinder relationship quality (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013;Sbarra, Briskin, & Slatcher, 2019;Spencer, Lambertsen, Hubler, & Burr, 2017). As such, it is possible that heightened social media use is one external factor by which individuals with insecure attachment may experience heightened internal stress; indeed, attachment insecurity has been consistently linked with maladaptive internet and social media use, which is defined as four or more hours per day on social media sites (Tutgun-Ünal, 2020). ...
... Social media, which is utilized by approximately 77% of the population in the United States and 4.65 billion people globally (Kepios, 2022;Smith & Anderson, 2018) significantly undermines romantic relationship quality (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013;Sbarra et al., 2019;Spencer et al., 2017). Specifically, increased social media use is known to predict heightened technostress, stress and/or psychosomatic impairments that have stem from excessive exposure to technology (McDaniel & Coyne, 2016) and can lead to decreased levels of happiness (Brooks, 2015). ...
Because attachment insecurity is associated with higher reports of social media (SM) use, and SM use has been shown to reduce the quality of interpersonal interactions, it is possible that SM use may mediate the association between attachment insecurity and experiences of internal stress (i.e., stress within a relationship). The present study uses daily diary data from 154 participants currently in a romantic relationship. Both concurrent (same day) and lagged (next day) effects were examined. Attachment anxiety was positively associated with experiences of internal stress on day 2 (concurrent effect) and day 3 (lagged effect). Partial support was found for associations with attachment avoidance; those reporting higher attachment avoidance reported higher internal stress on day 3 (lagged effect), but not on day 2 (concurrent effect). SM use did not mediate the association between insecure attachment and internal stress, as hypothesized. Implications and future directions are presented.
... In couple relationships, undivided attention is expected during formal interactions; phone use during these times is thus less acceptable (Miller-Ott & Kelly, 2015). When two people were randomly assigned in an experiment to have a conversation, the presence of a phone reduced relationship quality, partner trust, and perceived partner empathy during a discussion of personally meaningful topics (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013). Similarly, in the scenarios where their friend used a phone during a serious conversation, people reported decreased basic needs satisfaction, increased pain, enhanced feelings of ostracism (Hales et al., 2018), and poorer friendship quality due to stronger negative perceptions of the friend's phone use (Yang & Christofferson, 2020). ...
... In contrast, among the adolescents who rated their face-to-face interactions as generally less serious, connection overload was a mediator for poor friendship quality but not depressive symptoms. Phone use or presence during a conversation is deemed particularly disruptive and inappropriate when the conversation is serious in nature (Baron, 2008;Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013). In romantic couple relationships, phone use during formal interactions violates expectations as it suggests to the communication partner one's lack of interest (Miller-Ott & Kelly, 2015), and the same expectations and norms may exist in adolescents' friendships. ...
Phone use during face-to-face interactions has become increasingly common in adolescents’ social lives, but the mechanisms through which the behavior is associated with adolescents’ socioemotional wellbeing remain understudied. Drawing on the frameworks of digital social multitasking (DSMT) and digital stress, this study examined whether and how three types of digital stress (availability stress, connection overload, and fear of missing out) mediated the association between phone use in friendships and socioemotional wellbeing (depressive symptoms and friendship quality) among adolescents. A sample of 517 adolescents (Mage = 14.83, SD = 1.93) completed an online survey. Results showed that phone use during face-to-face interactions with a friend (i.e., DSMT) had an indirect relationship with greater depressive symptoms through all three types of digital stress. It also had an indirect relationship with better friendship quality via fear of missing out. The paths involving connection overload was moderated by the seriousness of the face-to-face interactions—in more serious interactions, DSMT had an indirect relationship with depressive symptoms, but not friendship quality; in less serious interactions, DSMT had an indirect relationship with friendship quality, but not depressive symptoms. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
... The pervasiveness of smartphones is such that the mere presence of these objects, even if switched off, can negatively affect the quality of relationships between people, as proved by a study conducted in 2012 by a team of psychologists (Przybylski et al., 2012). Through smartphones, it is also possible to connect to the applications of social networks, among which the most popular in Italy are Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, and WhatsApp. ...
In recent decades, computer-mediated communication has become increasingly intense and frequent due to the fast growing, widespread of social media platforms. In particular, WhatsApp could be now considered one of our daily channels of private conversations: we deepen relationships, flirt, make appointments, gossip. Originally created as a channel to replace the traditional paid SMS, it has now become, along with other social networks, an extension of our offline lives. However, many studies (Ko, et al., 2007; Brand et al., 2016; 2019) show that excessive use of social media can lead to pathological attitudes. Problems arise when face-to-face communication is completely replaced by mediated communication, or when mediated communication gets in the way of other activities in our daily lives. Our contribution discusses the preliminary results of a study aimed at developing and subsequently starting to validate an index to detect WhatsApp addiction. This exploratory study is based on the implementation of an online survey using both a WhatsApp addiction index developed by us and some validated scales: Internet Addiction Assessment (Young, 1998), Smartphone Addiction Scale (Yang, et al., 2013), and Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) Scale (Przybylski, 2013).
... Most of the existing studies have examined interpersonal relationships as a negative effect of mobile phone addiction (Chen et al., 2016;Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013), and there are more articles that use mobile phone addiction as a simple mediating variable to explore the mechanisms between the two, but there are fewer articles that use self-control as a mediating variable to explore the potential pathways by which physical activity affects interpersonal relationships. There is abundant evidence that addictive behaviors are strongly related to self-control (Kim et al., 2008;Song & Park, 2019), and existing studies suggest that self-control negatively predicts mobile phone addiction (Kim & Sohn, 2014;Van et al. 2015). ...
Objective of the study:
Interpersonal relationships, as an important variable affecting the physical and mental health and future development of individuals, were used to construct a structural equation model between physical activity and interpersonal relationships in order to help college students better adapt to society and achieve a high level of mental health.
Methods:
SPSS 27.0 software was used to statistically analyze the data, and Amos 28.0 software was used to construct the model between variables. The results showed that physical activity directly predicted the interpersonal relationship status of college students (β = - 0.108, 95% CI [- 0.210, - 0.005]), and the chain mediating effect of physical activity → self-control → mobile phone addiction tendency → interpersonal relationship distress was significant (β = - 0.012, 95% CI [- 0.033, - 0.003]). The results of this study suggest that physical activity may be viewed as an effective intervention strategy to mitigate the interpersonal challenges that college students may face in the future.
... This dual nature of social media has driven popular interest in the concept of Fear of Missing Outpopularly referred to as FoMO (McGinnis, P. J., 2020). Defined as a pervasive apprehension that others might be having rewarding experiences from which one is absent, FoMO is characterized by the desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing (Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N. 2013). FoMO can be understood within the framework of several theoretical perspectives that provide insights into its underlying mechanisms and implications. ...
The Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) has gained significant attention in recent years due to the widespread use of social media and digital technologies. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze the existing literature on FoMO, examining its implications and the factors that influence its development and manifestation. By synthesizing and critically evaluating a diverse range of studies, this paper provides insights into the psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of FoMO, highlighting its effects on individuals and society. Additionally, it identifies key influencing factors that contribute to the experience of FoMO, including individual characteristics, social media use, and cultural contexts. The findings of this review offer a comprehensive understanding of FoMO and its broader implications, providing a foundation for future research and the development of strategies to mitigate its negative effects. Index Terms-Fear of missing out, FoMO, social media, digital technologies, psychological, social, and behavioral implications, influencing factors. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
... These related works on the method are important to provide a good foundation for our research. In our experimental design, we borrow similar context, tasks, and procedures as studies described in (Kemp and Rutter 1986;Przybylski and Weinstein 2013). In our study, all the participants were paired. ...
... Online technology and social media are a novel way for young adults to meet prospective romantic partners, form romantic relationships, maintain relationships, and even facilitate romantic relationship dissolution (Smith & Duggan, 2013;Vaterlaus et al., 2018). These large advancements in technology use are also accompanied by drawbacks; technology has introduced new contexts for young adults to experience jealousy and distrust, which may lead young adults to invade their romantic partner's privacy through cyber monitoring and perpetrating cyber dating abuse (DA; Borrajo et al., 2015;Burke et al., 2011;Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013). Still, little is known regarding what forms of cyber behavior are considered problematic by young adults, which is evident by significant variations in current conceptualizations of cyber DA. ...
... Nevertheless, the general consensus is that excessive use of these devices is detrimental to our cognition [1][2][3]. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that exposure to environments where cell phones are present (even when not in use) can be detrimental to cognitive activities, such as visual search [4], cognitive capacity [5], and memory [6-8], thereby directly impairing the outcomes of cognitive activities [9][10][11]. ...
Background
Although cell phones can provide great convenience to our lives, research has shown that they can also affect our behavior, even when not in use. It seems that having a cell phone nearby may not be ideal when the user needs to concentrate on work. However, little is known about whether cell phone presence specifically impairs attentional control.
Methods
This study investigated whether cell phone presence can influence attentional control in the Navon task, which involves spatial switching of attention between global and local levels.
Results
It was found that the reaction time for all types of trials decreased when the participants had a cell phone nearby compared to when they had a mobile battery nearby. It was also found that phone dependency led to more incorrect responses among participants, but this effect was independent of the influence of phone presence on the Navon task performance.
Conclusions
These findings indicated that cell phone presence may have a positive influence on the perceptual process of the Navon letter, suggesting that the effects of phone presence are not always negative.
... A distracting effect of smartphone presence/availability could also be shown in social interactions. It was shown that the presence/availability of the smartphone forms an interference with the formation of relationships in people by inhibiting the development of interpersonal closeness and familiarity 14 . ...
The smartphone has become an indispensable part of everyday life. It enables endless possibilities and offers persistent access to a multiplicity of entertainment, information, and social contacts. The development towards a greater use and a persistent presence of the smartphone does not only lead to advantages, but also raises potential for negative consequences and a negative influence on attention. In this research, the hypothesis of the mere smartphone presence leading to cognitive costs and a lower attention is being tested. The smartphone may use limited cognitive resources and consequently lead to a lower cognitive performance. To investigate this hypothesis, participants aged 20–34 perform a concentration and attention test in the presence and absence of a smartphone. The results of the conducted experiment imply that the mere presence of a smartphone results in lower cognitive performance, which supports the hypothesis of the smartphone presence using limited cognitive resources. The study as well as the subsequent results and the resulting practical implications are presented and discussed in this paper.
... Kedua, dampak negatif pphubbing pada kepuasan hubungan juga dijelaskan melalui Attentional Conflict Theory oleh Vanden Abeele (2020). Penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Przybylski & Weinstein (2012) menjelaskan bahwa penggunaan telepon genggam saat dua orang sedang berinteraksi menyebabkan rendahnya kedekatan, koneksi, dan kualitas percakapan. Misra et al. (2016) juga menjelaskan bahwa apabila dalam sebuah interaksi tidak ada yang menggunakan telepon genggam, maka tingkat empati percakapan pasangan dan kualitas percakapan akan meningkat. ...
Kepuasan merupakan hal penting saat menjalin hubungan romantis, sedangkan komunikasi menjadi faktor penting dalam kepuasan hubungan romantis yang sayangnya seringkali terganggu oleh adanya telepon pintar yang berkembang semakin pesat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara partner phubbing(pphubbing) dan kepuasan hubungan romantis dating couple pada dewasa muda. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain korelasional. Teknik sampling yang digunakan, yaitu convenience sampling. Jumlah responden yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini adalah 124 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua instrumen, yaitu Relationship Assessment Scale dan Generic Scale of Being Phubbed. Analisis data mengggunakan uji korelasi dengan rumus Pearson’s product momen. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pphubbing dan kepuasan hubungan romantis dating couple pada dewasa muda. Selain itu, hubungan kedua variabel rendah dan memiliki hubungan negatif atau bersifat tidak searah sehingga apabila skor pphubbing tinggi, maka skor kepuasan hubungan romantis rendah, dan sebaliknya. Rendahnya hubungan kedua variabel dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain, seperti penggunaan telepon genggam yang semakin tinggi menyebabkan pphubbing dianggap sesuatu yang lumrah dan diterima oleh masyarakat luas.
... Dass diese Wegnahme von Zeit und Aufmerksamkeit auch nachteilige Wirkungen hat, konnte bspw. schon mit Bezug auf Schlaf (Hale & Guan, 2015), kognitiver Leistungen (Jeong & Hwang, 2016), oder bezüglich zwischenmenschlichen Interaktionen (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2012) nachgewiesen werden. In allen genannten drei Bereichen können Jugendliche in der Phase ihrer Verselbstständigung immer autonomer handeln und über Nutzung, Nicht-Nutzung und Art der Nutzung entscheiden. ...
Die Digitalisierung der Medienwelt hat neue Erfahrungs- und Handlungsräume geschaffen. Vor allem Jugendliche wenden sich diesen mit großer Begeisterung und hohem zeitlichen Aufwand zu. Sie pflegen virtuell ihre Beziehungen oder knüpfen neue, ohne dass diese an räumliche Grenzen gebunden sind. Sie agieren – über Soziale Medien – in digitalen Gemeinschaften oder demonstrieren ihre Zugehörigkeit zu diesen. Sie präsentieren, inszenieren und erproben ihre Gedanken-, Gefühls- und Wunschwelten in mehr oder weniger begrenzten digitalen Sozialräumen. In dieses Medienhandeln integrieren sie Identitätsfacetten, bereits stabile Bestandteile ihrer Persönlichkeit oder solche, die sie austesten wollen. In den virtuellen Räumen erleben sie soziale Einbettung, erhalten Aufmerksamkeit, soziale Unterstützung und Anerkennung und können sich als kompetente und teilhabende Subjekte erfahren. Sie können aber auch Erfahrungen machen, die negative Konsequenzen für das Selbstbild und den Selbstwert haben. Ausgrenzungserfahrungen oder das Erleiden von Angriffen im Kontext von Cybermobbing werden nicht selten berichtet (Knop, Hefner, Vorderer & Schmitt, 2015). Die digital basierte Identitätsarbeit ergänzt die außermediale und kann sie bereichern oder engführen, je nachdem, welche Modi bspw. im Bereich der sozialen Vergleichsprozesse von den Jugendlichen gewählt werden bzw. sich diesen aufdrängen (Theunert, 2009).
Digitale Medien bieten Möglichkeiten zum Lernen, zur Orientierung, zur Information und zur Alltagsorganisation. Neben Interaktivität und Multioptionalität als relevante Charakteristika sind die vielfältigen Möglichkeiten zu Eigenaktivität und kreativem Selbstausdruck, zu sozialer Vernetzung sowie die Allgegenwärtigkeit zu nennen, aber eben auch die Unüberschaubarkeit dessen, was Heranwachsenden heute medial zur Verfügung steht, und die mit den Möglichkeiten einhergehenden Herausforderungen (Hajok, 2018; Valkenburg & Peter, 2011). Dass diese mediatisierten Kommunikations- und Handlungsoptionen chancen- und risikoreich zugleich sind, soll exemplarisch aufgezeigt werden.
Wie rasant sich mit der Digitalisierung die Produktion, Vermittlung und Rezeption medialer Inhalte beschleunigt haben (Rosa, 2005), wurde vielfältig diskutiert. Den Heranwachsenden, die sich die neuen Möglichkeiten schnell und unbefangen aneignen, bieten sich dadurch neue und durchaus attraktive Optionen zur Ausgestaltung des eigenen Alltags. Diese Optionen, Informationen und Kommunikationsakte kompetent im Leben zu integrieren ist für Jugendliche aber nicht immer einfach. Um dem potenziell entstehenden digitalen Stress durch permanente digitale Verfügbarkeit, kognitives wie emotionales Verarbeiten von Inhalten und Nachrichten anderer, konstante Selbstpräsentation (Hefner & Vorderer, 2016) und anderen Herausforderungen zu begegnen, müssen spezifische Kompetenzen ausgebildet werden.
Eine aktuelle Jugenddiagnose kann und soll hier nicht geleistet werden. Vielmehr werden Nutzung und Funktionen von digitalen Medien im Leben und bei der Entwicklung Jugendlicher beleuchtet (► Kap. 11.1.1), Potentiale und Herausforderungen digitaler Mediennutzung (► Kap. 11.1.2), die Rolle der individuellen Persönlichkeitsstruktur, der soziale Kontext von Peers und Partner*innen sowie die Familie (► Kap. 11.1.3) fokussiert. Abschließend werden Kompetenzen dargestellt, die für die Mediensozialisation und für ein gelingendes Aufwachsen in digitalisierten Welten bedeutsam sind (► Kap. 11.1.4).
... The paradigm shift in communication was especially evident during the COVID-19 lockdown, when most communication processes were digital. Recent studies claim that the proliferation of digital oral communication is reshaping the quality and quantity of face-to-face communication, revolutionising communication in informal situations and formal contexts such as public speaking (Bobkina & Domínguez Romero, 2017;Drago, 2015;Jenkins, 2013;Misra et al., 2014;Przybylski & Weinstein, 2012). Some researchers point to the way technological wonders affect how we communicate orally: "from long-winded, flowery oratory to slickly produced speeches that can be tweeted or live-streamed" (Graveline, 2013, p. 22). ...
The present study draws from the need to face twenty-first-century Engineering students’ lack of oral communication skills in digital environments. The existing deficiencies became evident during the months of COVID-19 lockdown in 2020, when most communication processes, both in academic and professional settings, involved the use of digital means. On this basis, the study aims at identifying ESP university students’ self-reported strengths and weaknesses to build persuasive digital oral speeches using a self-assessment rubric that was specifically designed to evaluate their communication skills in digital environments. The rubric comprised 22 items distributed between five significant areas of knowledge: building communication skills (content/cognition and linguistic area), performing communication skills (physical and socio-emotional areas) and creating digital content skills (technical area). The results reveal that about 40% of the students considered their level of digital communication skills deficient, being the linguistic, socio-emotional and physical areas of communication the most affected ones. The ultimate intention of the study is to help students become aware of their command of oral skills in digital environments –their specific strengths and weaknesses– to help them thrive in both traditional and digital communication.KeywordsOral skillsPersuasive speechESPDigital communicationEngineering students
... These changes in communication rules undermine interpersonal communication's emotional and empathetic aspects. Therefore, some researchers express severe doubts about the possibility of authentic communication without a social presence, also showing concern about the loss of competence in face-to-face communication for the benefit of digital communication (Drago, 2015;Przybylski & Weinstein, 2012;Venter, 2019). Despite the substantial increase in the use of digital communication modalities, there still needs to be a greater understanding of the differences between digital and traditional face-to-face communication concerning non-verbal communication. ...
... According to Kushlev and Leitao's (2020) interference hypothesis, smartphone-checking behaviours (i.e. checking for new and missed smartphone notifications) consume cognitive resources and distract from concurrent activities (Kushlev, Dwyer, and Dunn 2019), and thus hamper daily activities such as conversing with others and completing work assignments (Montag and Diefenbach 2018;Przybylski and Weinstein 2012). For instance, frequent checking tendencies have been found to disrupt in-person interactions (Dwyer, Kushlev, and Dunn 2018; McDaniel and Drouin 2019) and work productivity (Duke and Montag 2017;Montag and Diefenbach 2018;Winkler et al. 2020). ...
Recent theoretical and empirical accounts maintain that different indices of smartphone use—including problematic smartphone use, phone-checking, and screen time—tap distinct facets of smartphone use. This highlights the importance of disentangling potentially unique associations between facets of smartphone use and psychological distress outcomes. The present study examined fine-grained relationships between several smartphone-use indices and facets of psychological distress. Further, we probed whether sex modulated the relationships between smartphone-mediated behaviours and distress outcomes. Using structural equation modelling, we analysed data from young adults (N = 364) and evaluated the associations of smartphone-related behaviours—problematic use, phone checking, and overall screen time—with depression, anxiety, and stress. We found that phone-checking frequency predicted greater depression, anxiety, and stress levels, while problematic smartphone use predicted anxiety levels above and beyond the effects of other indices. Further, smartphone screen time predicted depression, but not other distress-related outcomes. We also found an interaction effect such that the positive relation between problematic smartphone use and stress was more pronounced for females than males. Our results held true when key covariates (age, sex, socioeconomic status, negative affect, and neuroticism) were accounted for. These findings underscore the importance of distinguishing indices of smartphone use in relation to psychological distress.
... Several factors may contribute to the increased risk of smartphone addiction among international students. Smartphone features (e.g., notifications and alerts) that trigger the habits of checking one's phone (Oulasvirta et al., 2012), the need to seek social reassurance (Billieux et al., 2015), and fear of missing out (FOMO), the need to stay persistently connected online due to fear of missing events in the social network (Elhai et al., 2021;Przybylski et al., 2013), could pave the way to smartphone overuse. Moreover, impulsivity, lack of self-control, and failure to manage smartphone use (e.g., Jeong et al., 2016;Khang et al., 2013;Soror et al., 2015) could increase the tendency to overuse smartphones. ...
With the advent of smartphone technologies, connections to other people, information, and services have transcended everyday norms. However, together with the evolving technologies, unprecedented changes in the behaviors of individuals are emerging. Among these changes is phubbing, the practice of ignoring those in the immediate surroundings during real conversations in favor of smartphones. In light of this, the aim of the present study was to determine if there is a relationship between smartphone addiction and phubbing in international students and if mindfulness is a moderator of this relationship. A cross-sectional survey with snowball sampling was adopted, and a total of 294 international students volunteered to complete self-report measures. In this study, while there was a significant positive relationship between smartphone addiction and phubbing, no such significant association was determined for mindfulness in its relationship with smartphone addiction and phubbing. The moderation analysis revealed that mindfulness significantly moderated the relationship between smartphone addiction and phubbing; however, high mindfulness did not serve as a protective factor against the effects of smartphone addiction on phubbing.
... Being phubbed violates participants' expectations of their partner's behavior in an intimate setting (Vanden Abeele et al., 2016), as it may abuse symmetrical patterns of dyadic interactions (Sullaway & Christensen, 1983). Phubbing by a partner has been found to produce negative relationship outcomes, such as lower relationship satisfaction (McDaniel et al., 2020;Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013), lower trust (Roberts & David, 2016), and lower intimacy (Halpern & Katz, 2017). Cunningham et al. (1997) proposed that negative emotional reactions may arise during repetitive events occurring in daily interactions, especially when the behavior is viewed as intentional and personally directed (Roberts & David, 2022). ...
Interactions between romantic partners may be disturbed by a co-present mobile phone use when a partner ignores their interaction partner in favor of a smartphone. This common practice, called phubbing, promotes social rejection and exclusion, hence the partner who gets phubbed may report negative emotional experiences. However, these experiences may be buffered by a cognitive perception mechanism, when the partner’s behavior is still perceived as responsive (i.e., understanding or validating). Thus, we hypothesize that feeling understood or validated moderate the link between phubbing intensity and negative emotions. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a daily diary study over seven days, using a sample of N = 133 participants living with their partner. Multilevel modeling was applied, to examine between- and within-person processes. The findings indicate that perception of the partner as understanding and validating, despite the co-present mobile phone use, reduces the negative emotional experiences during phubbing, and the interaction effects indicate nuances between phubbing and understanding and validation by partner, which extend our theoretical comprehension and distinguish between the two as separate relationship-related constructs. Our research provides a unique insight into how mechanisms related to couple interactions may reduce negative experiences, a finding that may be useful in future interventions and couples' therapy.
... A study showed that participants unlock their phone more than 47 times a day [65] and check their smartphone every 18 min [66], a habit that appears to happen even without conscious thinking [47]. Problematic or addictive smartphone use can negatively influence productivity in the workplace and at home [67,68], sleep quality [69] and the emotional connection of individuals having a conversation [70]. ...
Smartphones are a constant companion in everyday life. Interacting with a smartphone calls for a multimodal input and often leads to a multisensory output. Combining research in human-computer interaction (HCI) and psychology, the present research explored the idea that a smartphone is more than a smart object but represents an object to which people feel emotionally attached to and which is even perceived as a part or an extension of a person’s self. To this end, we used an established rubber hand illusion paradigm to experimentally induce body ownership experiences in young adults (n = 76) in a 4-level mixed-design study. Our results revealed that in contrast to a neutral control object participants indeed felt attached to a smartphone, perceived it as a part of themselves and felt the need to interact with the device. This was specifically pronounced when hedonic characteristics were evaluated as high and when its usage for social communication was highlighted during the experiment. Psychological mechanisms of the incorporation of technologies are discussed and connected to positive and negative effects of smartphone usage on human behavior, its implications for technology design and marketing.
... We argued that one of the key psychological functions of cell phones or smartphones is its social function in the sense of fulfilling needs of belongingness regardless of physical place and building up social networks and connection to the world outside (Srivastava, 2005). Similarly, fear of missing out and social connectedness have been found to be related to phone use in general (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013). The concept of belongingness and social needs are considered a driving force for individuals seeking social 2 connection via physical or virtual interactions with their social groups (Verduyn et al., 2017). ...
This study investigated the effects of emotion regulation activities on phubbing and family relationships among adolescents in Islamabad, Pakistan. The age range of population for the purpose of data collection was 10-19 years. The method was pretest, post-test interventional research. The population were 50 participants who were selected with purposive sampling technique. The intervention of emotion regulation activities were given to the targeted group in 5 sessions (each 25 minutes). At last the targeted groups had post-test. The scales used to assess the study variables were the General Scale of Phubbing (GSP) Chotpitayasunondh and Douglas (2018), containing 15 items, The Brief Family Relationship Scale (BFRS) Fok, James Allen & Henry (2011) containing 16 items. The descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and paired sample t-test were used for data analysis. It was hypothesized that there were a significant effect of emotion regulation activities on phubbing and family relationship among adolescents because Emotion regulation is the potential to regulate emotional reactions, especially in situations that may provoke emotions such as anxiety, stress, and frustration (Gross, 2014). The findings concluded that there was a significant impact of emotion regulation activities on phubbing and family relationship among adolescents and there is a positive relation between phubbing and family relationship.
The process of developing times makes the development of technology and the internet also become more sophisticated. This is in line with the many conveniences offered for everyday life, such as the growing development of communication tools such as Smartphones. But even so, the existing developments also have more or less negative impacts. One of the negative impacts is the emergence of phubbing behavior in the community. This study describes the background behind the emergence of phubbing behavior in adolescence, especially in family relationships. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques using semi-structured interviews and participant observation as a whole. The study results show that the cause of phubbing behavior in adolescents during family events is due to an obsession with smartphones and FoMO (Fear of Missing Out). The obsession with smartphones found in the participants indicated that they felt left behind in all forms of information when not using smartphones, which was done because the participants had been used to playing smartphones since childhood and were not involved in conversations when gathering with family. AbstrakProses berkembangnya zaman membuat perkembangan teknologi dan internet juga menjadi semakin canggih. Hal ini sejalan dengan banyaknya kemudahan yang ditawarkan untuk kehidupan sehari-hari, seperti semakin berkembangnya alat komunikasi seperti smartphone. Namun meskipun begitu, perkembangan yang ada juga sedikit banyak memiliki dampak negatif. Salah satu dampak negatif tersebut adalah munculnya perilaku phubbing pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan latar belakang di balik munculnya perilaku phubbing pada masa remaja, terutama dalam hubungan keluarga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara semi-terstruktur dan observasi partisipan secara menyeluruh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab perilaku phubbing yang terjadi pada remaja saat acara keluarga adalah karena obsesi terhadap smartphone dan FoMO (Fear of Missing Out). Obsesi terhadap smartphone yang ditemukan dalam partisipan menunjukkan bahwa mereka merasa tertinggal akan segala bentuk informasi bila tidak menggunakan smartphone, yang mana hal tersebut dilakukan karena partisipan sudah dibiasakan bermain smartphone sejak kecil dan tidak dilibatkan dalam obrolan saat berkumpul dengan keluarga.
The topic of media psychology is multidisciplinary, and people's interactions with media in many spheres of their lives from work to education to entertainment to social engagement are ever-evolving. By fusing a comprehension of human behaviour, cognition, and emotion with a comparable comprehension of media technology, media psychologists seek to provide answers to these problems. As the globe gets more linked, media is now present in practically every aspect of life and is becoming a more essential field of study. Media psychology, in contrast to some media studies, is not merely about the content. Media psychology takes the entire system into account. Understanding the effects of technology depends heavily on psychology. By merging their knowledge of human behaviour, cognition, and emotion, media psychologists seek out answers and solutions.
Why do people fall in love? Does passion fade with time? What makes for a happy, healthy relationship? This introduction to relationship science follows the lifecycle of a relationship – from attraction and initiation, to the hard work of relationship maintenance, to dissolution and ways to strengthen a relationship. Designed for advanced undergraduates studying psychology, communication or family studies, this textbook presents a fresh, diversity-infused approach to relationship science. It includes real-world examples and critical-thinking questions, callout boxes that challenge students to make connections, and researcher interviews that showcase the many career paths of relationship scientists. Article Spotlights reveal cutting-edge methods, while Diversity and Inclusion boxes celebrate the variety found in human love and connection. Throughout the book, students see the application of theory and come to recognize universal themes in relationships as well as the nuances of many findings. Instructors can access lecture slides, an instructor manual, and test banks.
Presently, technological innovations have altered every facet of our everyday life, particularly those associated with the humanities. The development of new communication devices has transformed the nature of contact from interpersonal to computer-mediated. This study aims to contribute to the debate about the different effects of digital tools on in-person interaction. This study investigates the effects of modern digital communication technology outlets on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ face-to-face interaction. The researchers opted for a questionnaire and field observation to collect the necessary data to be analyzed. One hundred (100) participants answered the questionnaire. The study found that the abusive use of digital tools has a critical impact on face-to-face interactions and that it affected the human ties between EFL learners, and also their relationships with their families and friends. The outcomes of this investigation allow us to conclude that the constant use of digital outlets can negatively affect face-to-face interactions. Keywords: Digital tools; EFL learners; interactions; technology.
Modern dünyanda adeta bir ‘’hastalık’’ haline gelen telefon bağımlılığı, phubbing kavramının doğmasına yol açmıştır. Kişinin dikkatini ve algısını kişilerarası iletişimden uzaklaştırması ve diğer kişilerle iletişim halindeyken, akıllı telefonla ilgilenmesi anlamına gelen phubbing, giderek ilişkilerin kalitesinde bozulmaya yol açmaktadır. Phubbingin, insan ilişkileri üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri ve iletişim kalitesinde bozulmalara yol açtığı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, konuyu akademik anlamda ele almak gerekliliği doğmuştur. Bu amaçla çalışmada; phubbing kavramı detaylı bir şekilde açıklanmış olup, iş ve sosyal yaşama olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. Aynı zamanda çalışmada phubbingin teknolojik mi yoksa davranışsal bir "bağımlılık" türü olduğu, teorik kuramlar çerçevesinden ele alınmıştır.
This study aims to describe the gadget phenomenon in early childhood social development. Technological developments, especially gadgets, have penetrated and even made early childhood consumers of gadgets. Despite the fact that gadgets are electronic tools for adult conversation, not toddlers. However, parents give gadgets in early childhood as a way to calm children. To see the social development of early childhood while using gadgets, the researchers used the case studies research method. Data collection was carried out by observation and interviews. The results of the study show that parents should consider what image they convey to their children and how they communicate responsible smartphone consumption. So that gadgets as technological advances can still be used, but the social development of early childhood as social beings is not disturbed by the preoccupation with using gadgets.
Digital communication between people is fundamentally changing the nature of communication. Recent technological advances have dramatically impacted the way people communicate. Technology has become an integral part of how people communicate with each other, increasingly replacing face-to-face communication. With the rapid development of technology, many people fear that people are getting too immersed in this digital world and not fully integrated into the real world. This chapter aims to provide an overview of media psychology theories and approaches in digitalization and human communication.
Kualitas persahabatan merupakan sebuah ikatan hubungan yang terbentuk dan memiliki berbagai aspek dukungan, konflik, dan aspek kualitatif pertemanan yang dapat menentukan bagaimana sebuah hubungan persahabatan dapat berjalan dengan baik serta mampu menyelesaikan berbagai konflik yang dihadapi. Tinggi rendahnya kualitas persahabatan salah satunya dapat dipengaruhi oleh perilaku phubbing. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara perilaku phubbing dengan kualitas persahabatan di Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan analisis pearson product moment. Total sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 348 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik quota sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif antara perilaku phubbing dengan kualitas persahabatan remaja di Kota Pekanbaru dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,115 dan koefisien kolerasi -0,463, artinya semakin tinggi perilaku phubbing, maka semakin rendah kualitas persahabatan, sedangkan sebaliknya semakin rendah kualitas persahabatan. maka semakin tinggi perilaku phubbing pada remaja di Pekanbaru, Dengan demikian, perilaku phubbing yang dilakukan oleh remaja kota Pekanbaru memiliki hubungan dengan kualitas persahabatan.
This study aims at exploring communication practices between students and supervisors in thesis projects. The study conducted a comparison between face-to-face and mediated communication through the use of emails. The researcher used the autobiographical reflection to document examples of information communicated during the two interactions. Furthermore, it utilized semi-structured interviews with three students who were conducting their thesis in the Information Studies Department at Kuwait University. Then, the researcher conducted interviews with four students’ from other masters’ programs. The study used a qualitative method to analyze the results. The findings showed that students used face-to-face meetings and mediated communication to seek different types of information. The topics discussed varied between the face-to-face and mediated interaction. Face-to-face communication was perceived as more effective and productive, while mediated communication was easier and faster. Students used e-mails to set appointments with their supervisors, ask questions and get feedback on assignments. Students faced some communication barriers such as difficulty of sense-making and experiencing the “black-hole” phenomenon. The study suggested applying an electronic supervision system to facilitate students’ communication with their supervisors. This study has practical significance as it helps students and supervisors interact successfully during different thesis writing stages.
This study examined the effects of mobile device use, and its mere presence, on in-person conversations. The study utilized an experimental design to replicate and advance existing scholarship on the impact of co-present device use and mere device presence on a conversation. This study examined how the presence of an unused device may hinder conversation, and the results did not replicate the mere presence effect. The study found participants reacted negatively to a confederate’s phone use, regardless of whether it was self- or externally initiated.
As families increase their use of mobile touch screen devices (smartphones and tablet computers), there is potential for this use to influence parent-child interactions required to form a secure attachment during infancy, and thus future child developmental outcomes. Thirty families of infants (aged 9-15 months) were interviewed to explore how parents and infants use these devices, and how device use influenced parents' thoughts, feelings and behaviours towards their infant and other family interactions. Two-thirds of infants were routinely involved in family video calls and one-third used devices for other purposes. Parent and/or child device use served to both enhance connection and increase distraction between parents and infants and between other family members. Mechanisms for these influences are discussed. The findings highlight a new opportunity for how hardware and software should be designed and used to maximise benefits and reduce detriments of device use to optimise parent-infant attachment and child development.
Phubbing—i.e. excluding and ignoring others through smartphone use—is a pervasive phenomenon. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of its consequences is still lacking. This systematic meta-analytic review aimed to (1) synthesize the associations between being phubbed and emotional and cognitive, social, and behavioural well-being, (2) test the strength of these associations, and (3) investigate moderating influences. Literature searches according to PRISMA-guidelines yielded k = 83 included studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for 24 of 72 extracted consequences. Subgroup analyses were performed for phubbees’ relationship to interlocutors, age group, and study design. The overall sample was N = 53,916 with a mean age of 19.68 years. Being phubbed was moderately to strongly (e.g. ρ = .23–.75) associated with various adverse consequences (e.g. depression, relationship dissatisfaction, derogation of interlocutors, smartphone addiction). Effects were larger for adolescents than for adults. The findings are in line with existing theoretical assumptions (e.g. the temporal need-threat model of ostracism) corroborating that phubbing is a detrimental experience. Thus, phubbing appears to be a public health issue which should be addressed through suitable interventions in order to enhance healthy human-human and human-technology interactions.
Introduction. Smartphones have changed the way people interact with each other in modern society. However, while they are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in human life, there is growing concern that they are often used at inappropriate times during social interactions. The article presents the results of a study of the phenomenon of «phubbing» as a dismissive attitude towards someone in a social environment, when the partner focuses on their mobile phone. Phubbing also significantly reduces the perceived quality of communication and satisfaction with relationships in a dyadic conversation. The article examines an attractive, although still limited, field of research that studies the phenomenon of phubbing in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The purpose of the study was to determine the gender characteristics of the manifestation of phubbing in cadets of educational institutions of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Methodology, methods and techniques. A complex of empirical and mathematicalstatistical methods was used to analyze the manifestation of phubbing. Empirical data were obtained using the following methods: Phubbing Scale, consisting of 10 questions (Phubbing Scale, E. Karadağ, et al, 2015); four-factor Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP), consisting of 15 questions, aimed at assessing the experience of exposure to phubbing. The following factors were identified as important: nomophobia, interpersonal conflict, self-isolation, recognition of the problem; Internet Addiction Test by Kimberly Young (Internet Addiction Test, IAT), translated and modified by V.A. Loskutova (Burova). Statistical processing of the research materials was performed using standard statistical procedures. Specialized application software packages «Excel» and «IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0» were used, providing the calculation of univariate statistics and comparative analysis. The study was conducted at the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in 2023, among the 1st – 4th year cadets. The sample consisted of 1,054 respondents aged from 17 to 26, the average age was 19.99 ± 1,495, of which 561 were male (53.2%) and 493 were female (46.8%). The results of the study. A comparative analysis of the manifestation of phubbing in male and female cadets showed significant gender differences in the factors «nomophobia» and «recognition of the problem». Based on the negative averages, it can be concluded that there is no phubbing among cadets, which is confirmed by the results of the empirical study. It was also found that male cadets are less prone to phone addiction and recognition of the problem of addiction than female cadets. When studying the gender characteristics of Internet addiction, no significant differences between the sexes were found. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a study of gender features of the manifestations of phubbing in students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia was conducted. As a result of the study, the socio-psychological symptoms of phubbing in the educational environment were clarified. Practical significance. The obtained research results can be used in the process of training and psychological support of cadets of educational institutions of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
In today’s digital age, where smartphones are ubiquitous among the younger generation, they can add to the cognitive load on the brain, even when not in use. This can affect students’ learning outcomes and creativity, leading to negative emotions or creativity blocks during the learning process. Thus, this study investigates the relationship between differences in students’ cognitive styles and their learning motivation, learning outcomes, creativity, and learning satisfaction. The primary objective is to use the STEAM-6E instructional model in virtual reality (VR) courses to understand how students with different cognitive styles can be stimulated to unleash their diverse and vibrant creativity based on their learning preferences during hands-on experiences. The study also aims to explore whether there are disparities in their learning motivation and learning outcomes, and whether there are differences in their overall learning satisfaction. The findings of the study indicate that for the two cognitive styles of holistic and sequential, the subjects showed significant differences in their learning motivation regarding intrinsic goals, extrinsic goals, task value, control beliefs, self-efficacy, and test anxiety. Significant differences were also observed in their learning preferences, learning outcomes, and creative performance. However, the two groups had no significant differences in the effectiveness, efficiency, and overall satisfaction of the learning activities.
Millennials were very familiar with the use of smartphones. Excessive use of smartphones could trigger the problem of phubbing behavior that ignores the interlocutor by focusing more on accessing the applications on his smartphone rather than interacting directly with the individual in front of him. The anxiety of being left behind or unable to receive or update information, called Fear of missing out (FoMO) related to phubbing behavior. Low self-control was a factor in problematic smartphone use, including phubbing behavior. This study aimed to see whether there was a relationship between Fear of missing out (FoMO) and self-control in phubbing behavior in the millennial generation. This
research used a quantitative survey with accidental sampling techniques. The number of samples in this study was 400 millennial generations in Indonesia. Data collection techniques are carried out online using Google Forms. The results of data collection were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The result showed that there was a relationship between Fear of missing out (FoMO) and self-control with phubbing behavior (R = 0.584, R2 = 0.341, F = 102.542, p = 0.000, p <0.05). The partial t-test found that the self-control variable affected phubbing behavior, and the partial t-test found that FoMO also affected phubbing behavior. Self-control contributed more to phubbing behavior than FoMO.
In India, smartphone sales have increased in recent years, and Kerala, a South Indian state that accounts for 2.76% of the Indian population according to the 2011 Census of India 1 , has seen an increase in smartphone use since the pandemic-induced lockdowns and quarantines. The rampant use of smartphone technology is believed to have a substantial impact on interactions among individuals. The current study aims to analyse the impact of smartphone use among various categories of people in Kerala, India, on their social interactions and the formation of social attitudes using primary data. The focus is on the time duration put aside for face-to-face interactions and for smartphone communications, and the results show that there is no drastic reduction in face-to-face interactions among Keralites due to phone use, despite evidence for widespread ownership and use of smartphones among all categories of individuals, especially for communication purposes. Strong associations among smartphone use, age, and employment status are also observed. Smartphone use is most prevalent among students and workers belonging to the age groups 15-29 years and 45-59 years, and no clear gender divide is visible.
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the association of parental recreational screen media practices, including time use and level of smartphone addiction, with behavioral difficulties in 7-year-old children.
Methods
The study was based on cross-sectional data from The Odense Child Cohort, a community-based birth-cohort study. A total of 1,152 parent-child dyads with complete data were included based on data from the 7-year examination conducted in 2018-2021. Parental recreational screen use was self-reported as hours/day using the SCREENS-questionnaire, and their smartphone addiction was self-reported using the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version. Child behavioral difficulties was assessed by the parent-reported version of The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).
Results
Parental recreational screen time was not consistently associated with behavioral difficulty SDQ subscales and total difficulty score when adjusted for other determinants of child mental well-being such as sociodemographic factors, parental well-being, and number of siblings. Children had higher total behavioral difficulty score (adjusted mean difference 2.12 (95% CI 1.19 to 3.05)) when comparing fourth quartile vs first quartile of maternal smartphone addiction score. Also, higher maternal smartphone addiction score was associated with more externalizing and internalizing behavioral problems of their child (adjusted mean difference 1.61 points (95% CI 0.95 to 2.27), and 0.81 points (95% CI 0.19 to 1.43)) for fourth quartile vs first quartile, respectively.
Conclusions
No cross-sectional association was found between total parental recreational screen use and behavioral difficulties in their 7-year-old children, but an association between maternal obsessive smartphone use and behavioral difficulties of their children was found.
Thesis--University of Texas at Austin. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-219).
This research examined the effects of hands-free cell phone conversations on simulated driving. The authors found that these conversations impaired driver's reactions to vehicles braking in front of them. The authors assessed whether this impairment could be attributed to a withdrawal of attention from the visual scene, yielding a form of inattention blindness. Cell phone conversations impaired explicit recognition memory for roadside billboards. Eye-tracking data indicated that this was due to reduced attention to foveal information. This interpretation was bolstered by data showing that cell phone conversations impaired implicit perceptual memory for items presented at fixation. The data suggest that the impairment of driving performance produced by cell phone conversations is mediated, at least in part, by reduced attention to visual inputs.
This study examines gratifications sought from telephones and variations in behavioral patterns of telephone use. Such research is increasingly important as telephones become a mixed mass-media, interpersonal communication channel. The results of a survey of Midwestern adults delineate social, entertainment, and instrumental dimensions of telephone use. Uses vary considerably across specific demographics.
Mobility, immediacy, and instrumentality are found the strongest instrumental motives in predicting the use of cellular phones, followed by intrinsic factors such as affection/sociability. Subscription to functionally enhanced services such as call transfers and caller ID appears to be important predictors for overall cellular phone use, especially for those who are on the go. As expected, the use of cellular phones on buses, cars, and trains or in malls and restaurants is strongly linked to mobility and immediate access gratifications. Further, young and less educated women tend to talk longer on each call. Finally, talking to co-workers and business partners via cellular phones appears to be for instrumental reasons, while talking to immediate family members is for mobility and showing affection.
A practical methodology is presented for creating closeness in an experimental context. Whether or not an individual is in a relationship, particular pairings of individuals in the relationship, and circumstances of relationship development become manipulated variables. Over a 45-min period subject pairs carry out self-disclosure and relationship-building tasks that gradually escalate in intensity. Study 1 found greater postinteraction closeness with these tasks versus comparable small-talk tasks. Studies 2 and 3 found no significant closeness effects, inspite of adequate power, for (a) whether pairs were matched for nondisagreement on important attitudes, (b) whether pairs were led to expect mutual liking, or (c) whether getting close was made an explicit goal. These studies also illustrated applications for addressing theoretical issues, yielding provocative tentative findings relating to attachment style and introversion/extraversion.
In 2 studies, the Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS) Scale, a single-item, pictorial measure of closeness, demonstrated alternate-form and test–retest reliability; convergent validity with the Relationship Closeness Inventory (E. Berscheid et al, 1989), the R. J. Sternberg (1988) Intimacy Scale, and other measures; discriminant validity; minimal social desirability correlations; and predictive validity for whether romantic relationships were intact 3 mo later. Also identified and cross-validated were (1) a 2-factor closeness model (Feeling Close and Behaving Close) and (2) longevity–closeness correlations that were small for women vs moderately positive for men. Five supplementary studies showed convergent and construct validity with marital satisfaction and commitment and with a reaction-time (RT)-based cognitive measure of closeness in married couples; and with intimacy and attraction measures in stranger dyads following laboratory closeness-generating tasks. In 3 final studies most Ss interpreted IOS Scale diagrams as depicting interconnectedness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
daily variations may be understood in terms of the degree to which three basic needs, autonomy, competence, and related-ness, are satisfied in daily activity. Hierarchical linear models were used to examine this hypothesis across 2 weeks of daily activ-ity and well-being reports controlling for trait-level individual differences. Results strongly supported the hypothesis. The authors also examined the social activities that contribute to sat-isfaction of relatedness needs. The best predictors were meaning-ful talk and feeling understood and appreciated by interaction partners. Finally, the authors found systematic day-of-the-week variations in emotional well-being and need satisfaction. These results are discussed in terms of the importance of daily activities and the need to consider both trait and day-level determinants of well-being.
Today's mobile phone is a pervasive tool. It has become such an important aspect of a user's daily life that it has moved from being a mere 'technological object' to a key 'social object'. This paper explores the societal and human implications of advances in mobile technology, and notably the increasingly personalized nature of the mobile device. It argues that human and identity and social interaction have not been untouched by the mobile phenomenon.
Obra que estudia cómo las nuevas tecnologías de comunicación y las redes sociales que a través de ellas se han generado dan soporte a una nueva forma de establecer relaciones entre las personas y, por lo tanto, de nuevas formas de soledad.
Little is known about why some people experience greater temporal fluctuations of relationship perceptions over short periods of time, or how these fluctuations within individuals are associated with relational processes that can destabilize relationships. Two studies were conducted to address these questions. In Study 1, long-term dating partners completed a 14-day diary study that assessed each partner's daily partner and relationship perceptions. Following the diary phase, each couple was videotaped trying to resolve the most important unresolved problem from the diary period. As predicted, (a) individuals who trusted their partners less reported greater variability in perceptions of relationship quality across the diary period; (b) they also perceived daily relationship-based conflict as a relatively more negative experience; and (c) greater variability in relationship perceptions predicted greater self-reported distress, more negative behavior, and less positive behavior during a postdiary conflict resolution task (rated by observers). The diary results were conceptually replicated in Study 2a, in which older cohabiting couples completed a 21-day diary. These same participants also took part in a reaction-time decision-making study (Study 2b), which revealed that individuals tend to compartmentalize positive and negative features of their partners if they (individuals) experienced greater variability in relationship quality during the 21-day diary period and were involved in higher quality relationships. These findings advance researchers' understanding of trust in intimate relationships and provide some insight into how temporal fluctuations in relationship quality may undermine relationships.
The present study was designed to assess selected psychometric properties of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) (Ryan, 1982), a multidimensional measure of subjects' experience with regard to experimental tasks. Subjects (N = 116) competed in a basketball free-throw shooting game, following which they completed the IMI. The LISREL VI computer program was employed to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis to assess the tenability of a five factor hierarchical model representing four first-order factors or dimensions and a second-order general factor representing intrinsic motivation. Indices of model acceptability tentatively suggest that the sport data adequately fit the hypothesized five factor hierarchical model. Alternative models were tested but did not result in significant improvements in the goodness-of-fit indices, suggesting the proposed model to be the most accurate of the models tested. Coefficient alphas for the four dimensions and the overall scale indicated adequate reliability. The results are discussed with regard to the importance of accurate assessment of psychological constructs and the use of linear structural equations in confirming the factor structures of measures.
Five studies on the relation between positive and negative affect are reported. In Studies 1 and 2 we found that positive feelings were remembered as being nearly independent of negative feelings in the past year, but the two types of affect were moderately negatively correlated for the past month. In Studies 3 and 5, subjects completed daily mood reports for 70 and 30 days, respectively. In Study 4, subjects completed three-week, daily, and moment mood reports and also filled out reports when they experienced strong emotions. The principal finding was that the relation between positive and negative affect differed greatly depending on the time frame. The strongest negative correlation between the two affects occurred during emotional times. The correlation decreased in a linear fashion as the time span covered increased logarithmically. It appears that positive and negative affect are independent in terms of how much people feel in their lives over longer time periods. Researchers need to focus on the processes that underlie both positive and negative affect and that are responsible for producing their relative independence.
Dual-task studies assessed the effects of cellular-phone conversations on performance of a simulated driving task. Performance was not disrupted by listening to radio broadcasts or listening to a book on tape. Nor was it disrupted by a continuous shadowing task using a handheld phone, ruling out, in this case, dual-task interpretations associated with holding the phone, listening, or speaking, However significant interference was observed in a word-generation variant of the shadowing task, and this deficit increased with the difficulty of driving. Moreover unconstrained conversations using either a handheld or a hands-free cell phone resulted in a twofold increase in the failure to detect simulated traffic signals and slower reactions to those signals that were detected. We suggest that cellular-phone use disrupts performance by diverting attention to an engaging cognitive context other than the one immediately associated with driving.
Three studies manipulate the accessibility of significant-other representations to explore how these representations may automatically influence how goals are construed and experienced. Study 1 finds that the perceived attainment expectations of a significant other automatically affect participants' own task-goal expectations and their subsequent task performance and persistence. Study 2 finds that the general perceived value that a significant other places in attaining a task goal automatically affects participants' own attainment value appraisals, their task persistence and performance, and the magnitude of their reaction to success and failure feedback. Finally, Study 3 demonstrates that the regulatory focus prescribed by a significant other may automatically affect participants' own regulatory focus with regards to a task goal, with consequences for their cheerfulness-dejection and relaxation-agitation responses to success and failure feedback. The implications for our understanding of social influence and self-regulation are discussed.
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