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Prevalence of Hantavirus antibodies in natural populations of deer mice in north-central Kansas
... The relationship between body size and seroprevalence ( Figure 2) implies that collected samples with predominantly larger (older) animals are more likely to have infected in-dividuals than samples that represent predominantly smaller (younger) animals. 3,10,18 The somewhat higher seroprevalence observed in the smallest body size class is thought to reflect the presence of maternal IgG antibody in offspring that is catabolized, resulting in a decreasing seroprevalence from the smallest to the larger juvenile mass classes, until infection at a later age produces increased seroprevalence. 16,[19][20][21] The decrease in seroprevalence among S. hispidus from 9% to 2% in the two subadult size classes mirrors the patterns noted for SNV in P. maniculatus in which prevalence decreased from 14% to 1% in the smallest mass classes before increasing among adult mice. ...
... Earlier studies of P. maniculatus sampled during the HPS outbreak investigation of 1993 also indicated some sites had no captures of seropositive mice, 3 an observation supported by smaller surveys in Kansas. 18 A large serosurvey throughout the southwestern United States also found no seropositive deer mice at 20 of 41 sampling sites where the species was collected, although positive mice occurred throughout the geographic region. 10 Various hypotheses can be evaluated to explain sites without seropositive S. hispidus. ...
A total of 1,500 small mammals were collected and tested for antibodies cross-reactive to Sin Nombre virus (Hantavirus: Bunyaviridae) at 89 sites in a 1,600 km2 study area of southern Florida. More than 95% of the 123 seropositive animals were cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), suggesting infection by Black Creek Canal Virus, although seroreactive Rattus rattus (5 of 294) and Peromyscus gossypinus (1 of 39) also were captured. Crude seroprevalence in S. hispidus was 11%. Seroprevalence increased with body size and was more common in male (18%; n=451) than in female (6%; n=593) cotton rats. Infection within S. hispidus populations was widespread throughout the study area. Prevalence ranged from 0% to 60% at sites where more than five cotton rats were sampled but was not only a function of sample size. Sites with seropositive cotton rats were geographically clustered compared with sites with no seropositive cotton rats. Clustering was not due to the spatial distribution of sites with few animals, season of collection, or sex bias of animals captured at these sites. However, sites with no seropositive animals had an excess of animals in the intermediate size class (60-99 g) and a deficit of the largest and smallest animals. These data suggest that population structure within the habitat mosaic may play a significant role in the spatial distribution of hantavirus infection in local populations of reservoir species.
... 14, T9S, R11W, Osborne Co., Kansas). This bog lemming was an incidental capture recorded during an intensive field effort to capture deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) to test for the presence of Sin Nombre hantavirus (Kaufman et al. 1994). To facilitate the capture of deer mice, we set live traps [both small (5.1 × 6.4 × 16.5 cm) and large (7.6 × 8.9 × 22.9 cm) Sherman live traps baited with a mixture of rolled oats and peanut butter] in cattle-grazed upland and slope sites of native mixed grass prairie. ...
... Although most hantavirus studies cited above summarized longitudinal projects, the results of our preliminary survey do confirm many aspects of sigmodontine ecology as related to the natural history of SNV-associated hanta-viruses. The seroprevalence among Oklahoma peromyscines was 8.4%, which is similar to studies in the western United States, and to that reported for Kansas (41). Nevertheless, the presence of SNV-related hantaviruses as well as a Whitewater Arroyo-related arenavirus in Oklahoma needs to be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. ...
We conducted a statewide survey of Oklahoma small mammals to test for antibod- ies against rodent-borne viral diseases. Four rodent species had antibody to Sin Nombre virus (SNV), the primary causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syn- drome (HPS), and two species had antibody to Whitewater Arroyo virus, an arenavirus associated with human fatalities. The rodent reservoirs for other HPS- causing North American hantaviruses also occur within the state. This 13-month seroepidemiologic survey assayed 26 species of small mammals belonging to 14 genera collected from 14 locales in 8 of the 9 major physiognomic regions of Okla- homa. Of 686 captures, 5.25% were SNV-seropositive. The SNV-seropositive spe- cies were Peromyscus maniculatus, P. gossypinus, P. leucopus, and Sigmodon hispidus. Of the peromyscines, 8.4% of captures were SNV-seropositive. Four lo- calities exhibited two or more seropositive species. We found high capture and SNV-seropositive rates for the white-footed mouse, P. leucopus: 25% of all cap- tures, 67.7% of all peromyscine captures, and 44.4% of all seropositive individuals. P. leucopus has been associated with HPS cases caused by New York hantavirus and by Monongahela hantavirus in Pennsylvania. Health professionals and those at risk for occupational exposure should be aware that pathogenic rodent-borne viruses occur within the state. © 2001 Oklahoma Academy of Science1
Sin Nombre virus (SNV), a hantavirus, can cause severe respiratory illness and death in humans. The primary carrier is the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, but other species of rodents may be infected with the virus. We screened four species of woodrats (Neotoma) for hantavirus using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Woodrats were collected from a variety of habitats in Arizona and Utah. Only Neotoma lepida tested serologically positive in an ELISA assay for hantavirus and also contained SNV RNA. Moreover, across three distinct populations of N. lepida, individuals that tested serum positive were restricted to one population near Jericho, Utah. The prevalence of hantavirus in this population was 27% (4 of 15).
At least 10 rodent-borne viruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever disease in humans. Agricultural workers are particularly at risk due to increased likelihood of exposure to rodents in rural environments. The family Arenaviridae includes Lassa virus, which causes Lassa fever in West Africa, and four South American hemorrhagic fever viruses, Junín, Machupo, Guanarito, and Sabiá. Junín, Machupo, and Guanarito viruses affect rural populations in agricultural districts of Argentina, Bolivia, and Venezuela, respectively, and cause up to 30% mortality. The only known naturally acquired case of Sabiá virus infection resulted in a fatality in Brazil. At least three members of the genus Hantavirus (Hantaan, Seoul, and Puumala viruses), family Bunyaviridae, cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Europe and Asia, and result in more than 200,000 cases annually with
Live-trapping was conducted to determine the influence of trap disinfection on trapping success. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) on most (83.3%, n = 6) grids were equally likely to be caught in traps recently (≤8 h) or previously (≥5 d) disinfected. Traps were as likely to recapture mice previously captured in the other treatment as mice previously captured in the same treatment.
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Hantavirus activity in 39 National Parks in the eastern and central United States was surveyed by testing 1,815 small mammals of 38 species for antibody reactive to Sin Nombre virus. Antibody-positive rodents were found throughout the area sampled, and in most biotic communities. Antibody was detected in 7% of 647 deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), 2% of 590 white-footed mice (P. leucopus), 17% of 12 rice rats (Oryzomys palustris), 3% of 31 cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), and 33% of 18 western harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis). Antibody was also found in three of six species of voles, and in one of 33 chipmunks (Tamias minimus). Prevalence among Peromyscus was highest in the northeast. Although few cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome have been identified from the eastern and central regions, widespread infection in reservoir populations indicates that potential exists for human infection throughout much of the United States.
We determined the prevalence of Sin Nombre virus antibodies in small mammals in southeastern Arizona. Of 1,234 rodents (from 13 species) captured each month from May through December 1995, only mice in the genus Peromyscus were seropositive. Antibody prevalence was 14.3% in 21 white-footed mice (P. leucopus), 13.3% in 98 brush mice (P. boylii), 0.8% in 118 cactus mice (P. eremicus), and 0% in 2 deer mice (P. maniculatus). Most antibody-positive mice were adult male Peromyscus captured close to one another early in the study. Population dynamics of brush mice suggest a correlation between population size and hantavirus-antibody prevalence.
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