Trauma, Recovery, and Growth. Positive Psychological Perspectives on Posttraumatic Stress
Abstract
The latest theory and research on understanding posttraumatic stressand its treatment, providing evidence-based clinical interventionsusing techniques drawn from positive psychology It is known that exposure to stressful and traumatic events can have severe and chronic psychological consequences. At the same time-mindful of the suffering often caused by trauma-there is also a growing body of evidence testifying to posttraumatic growth: the positive psychological changes that can result for survivors of trauma. Blending these two areas of research and exploring the relevance of positive psychology to trauma practice, Trauma, Recovery, and Growth: Positive Psychological Perspectives on Posttraumatic Stress provides clinicians with the resources they need to implement positive psychology interventions in their trauma treatment across a spectrum of?therapeutic perspectives, including cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, existential, and group therapies. Featuring contributions by internationally renowned researchers and practitioners and edited by experts in the field of positive psychology who have worked with survivors of trauma in the facilitation of their resilience, recovery, and growth, this timely book is divided into four parts: • Toward an Integrative Positive Psychology of Posttraumatic Experience • Growth and Distress in Social, Community, and Interpersonal Contexts • Clinical Approaches and Therapeutic Experiences of Managing Distress and Facilitating Growth • Beyond the Stress-Growth Distinction: Issues at the Cutting Edge of Theory and Practice.
... However,, besides the advantages of the new world of work, stress levels of employees have risen during COVID-19, and it has been pointed out that resilience-the ability to recover after a stressful period [7]-is needed, since higher levels of resilience amongst employees reduce the harmful effects of a crisis [8]. Strengthening resilience [9,10] can be important for crisis management. Managerial recommendations for strengthening resilience include accepting the inevitable; focusing on positive gains; drawing attention to organisational growth; measuring and attending to employee's day-to-day emotional states and well-being and improvements in employee health; taking responsibility; understanding organisational limitations; reversing negative thoughts; and knowing organisational strengths. ...
... However, in comparison to the first two subscales of SOC they do not seem to have such a high, but rather a medium-based meaningfulness with regard to their jobs and careers. Strengthening resilience [9,10] in the context of SOC development in managers is important to create mental health and well-being. The SOC is a foundation of health advancement and a good predictor of burnout, depression, and job satisfaction rates [14,15] and this might be reflected in the findings, since the managers score relatively high in overall SOC scores. ...
During COVID-19, the working world has changed inevitably, and many managers experience extreme strain and stress. This study determines how managers cope with the changes during COVID-19 from a positive psychology and salutogenic perspective. It employs a hermeneutical research design and an interpretivist paradigm by using a mixed-method research approach in which managers' sense of coherence (SOC) is investigated quantitatively through the 29-item Life-Orientation scale and qualitatively through semi-structured interviews. Purposeful and snowball sampling techniques are used. The sample consists of 17 managers. Data were collected in different organizations within South Africa and analysed through content analysis, linking quantitative and qualitative data in a holistic, integrated and complex way. In terms of the quantitative findings, the managers scored at the medium and higher end of the SOC-scale in comprehensibility, followed by manageability and finally meaningfulness. Male managers in the age group 47-57 scored highest. Female and younger managers scored lower on average. Lowest scores in comprehensibility and manageability were scored by a young female manager, while in meaningfulness the oldest male participant scored lowest. The qualitative findings show that high scoring SOC managers apply complex thoughts to the present and future workplace scenario. Individuals with lower SOC scores do not present as much knowledge, complex thinking and argumentation structures during the interview in comprehensibility scores as high scoring SOC managers, yet still acquire resources to manage the workplace (manageability). High meaningfulness scores are associated with creating meaningful workplace interaction (human-human and machine-human), knowledge distribution through technology, impactfulness, experiencing the job as meaningful, including helping others, and achievements. Managers have a complex view of the world and findings show the complex connections of a high/low SOC scores and the managers' explorations and systemic understanding regarding their managerial world. Conclusions and recommendations for theory and practice are given.
... Our results are associated with TPB, which indicates that resilience can counteract the adverse effects of stressful situations. An optimistic attitude and the ability to respond positively are essential psychological tools that can help with stress tolerance and promote coping, personal well-being and adaptation to challenging situations (Joseph & Linley, 2008). Although ER operates within the system, it is not a fixed characteristic. ...
This research examines a variety of restrictions preventing Bangladeshi youth, particularly Generation Z university students, from becoming involved in entrepreneurship. Moreover, the study examines the influence of Entrepreneurial Attitude (EA), Subjective Entrepreneurial Norms (SEN), Entrepreneurial Perceived Behavioural Control (EPBC), and Entrepreneurial Resilience (ER) on Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) of Bangladeshi Gen Z university students. A systematic literature review methodology following PRISMA procedure was performed to identify the relevant articles. A quantitative method with a positivism philosophy, cross-sectional time horizon and deductive approach was applied to the study. The data of 206 university students from the BBA department of ten universities were collected using convenience sampling and a self-administrated structured questionnaire survey. SPSS 26.0 and Smart PLS 3.0 were used to analyse the data. The output shows a positive and significant association amongst EA, SEN, EPBC, ER, and EI. Various constraints were identified from the literature and ranked based on the respondents’ feedback. This research will help entrepreneurs, scholars, policymakers and practitioners to build the entrepreneurial ecosystem and develop young people’s understanding of the entrepreneurial decision process and the importance of ER. This paper contributes through empirical investigation to an understanding of the actions that prevent Gen Z students from entrepreneurial activities; decisions are affected by socio-psychological constructions integrating ER with the Theory of Planned behaviour (TPB) model. Triple, Quadruple and Quintuple Helix models are considered supporting theories in this study to shed light on tackling the constraints. To the best knowledge of the researcher, integrating ER with TPB model’s constructs is a pioneer scholarly contribution in the context of South-East Asian, specifically Bangladeshi Gen Z students.
... To date, there is no research considering growth as a result of the adversity of PPD. However, humanistic and positive psychology have offered several conceptualizations of growth following traumatic life events such as perceived benefits (McMillen et al., 1997), positive changes (Joseph & Linley, 2008), posttraumatic growth (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996) and thriving (Abraído-Lanza et al., 1998). There are two studies of posttraumatic growth subsequent to the onset of psychosis (Dunkley et al., 2007;Mapplebeck et al., 2015) and posttraumatic growth subsequent to a traumatic childbirth (Beck C. & Watson, 2016;Berman et al., 2020;Sawyer & Ayers, 2009;Taubman-Ben-Ari et al., 2011) but no peer-reviewed studies regarding PPD and growth exist. ...
Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in as many as 1 in 7 women (Gavin et al., 2005). PPD remains underdiagnosed and largely untreated, contributing to high societal costs and increased maternal mortality. Despite the wealth of research reporting the adverse effects of PPD on childbearing women and their offspring, little is known about how women who have experienced PPD describe or interpret the meaning of the experience in later life. I conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 10 women self-identifying as having had PPD a minimum of 13 years in the past. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) I identified three themes: (a) what PPD was like, (b) PPD changed me, and (c) I am grateful for PPD. Women reported that PPD was like falling down a black hole, perceiving themselves as bad mothers. Women identified PPD as having changed them in positive ways, including new self-confidence, increased compassion, and a passion to help others impacted by PPD. Women described PPD as facilitating meaningful personal growth for which they were grateful. Understanding how women reflect on PPD in later life provides new insight into the lived experience beyond the postpartum period and highlighting the need for future research women’s experience of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders over their life span.
... Positive psychologists have argued that studies of well-being and development are important for understanding adaptive behavior and growth potential under difficult conditions (Joseph & Linley, 2008;Seligman, 2011). Well-being is defined as "the optimal dynamic state of psychosocial functioning resulting from good functioning in multiple psychosocial domains" (Butler & Kern, 2016, p. 2). ...
This chapter explores academic well-being and engagement among emerging adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic forced educational institutions to move all teaching activities to online platforms. College educators and students were not prepared to make this transition. Moving from a traditional model of education to completely online education, from a teacher-centered system to a mode of self-driven learning, lack of resources, absence of supportive learning environment, lack of social connection with peers and teachers, prolonged screen time, technology, and non-engaging instructional designs were some of the significant challenges and concerns for educational institutions and adult learners. While young children received supervision and guidance from parents and teachers, the needs of emerging adults were largely neglected. Emerging adults were expected to take up self-learning and be self-motivated to continue learning. Absence of academic belongingness could negatively affect students’ mental health and well-being, putting them at risk of feeling disengaged, depressed, lonely, and stressed. Working on the strengths of emerging adults and their relevant protective factors could be an excellent opportunity to make them connected and engaged in the academic context. The chapter calls the attention of psychologists and educationists to design interventions for well-being, healthy academic engagement, joy, passion, motivation, and purpose in the learning process.KeywordsEmerging adultsAcademic well-beingCOVID-19 pandemic
... Development of the process in this way can be a protective psychological factor against the trauma experienced [7]. From a review of literature, it can be seen that 58-83% of trauma survivors retrospectively reported PTG following problems [8]. ...
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare traumatic and mental effects and PTG by comparing a patient group in hematological-oncological cancer remission with a healthy control group. Materials and methods: Children and adolescents aged 8-18 years, who were in remission with a diagnosis of childhood cancer, and presented at the Paediatric Hematology Department of PAUTF between 1 September 2021 and 30 April 2022 were included as the study group and a control group was formed of healthy children and adolescents with no history of cancer diagnosis. The Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Child Revised Impact of Events Scale (CRIES-13) and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS-CV) were applied to all the children in both groups. A sociodemographic information form prepared by the researchers, and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale- Parent Version (RCADS-PV) were applied to parents. Results: Evaluation was made of 27 patients aged 8-18 years with a diagnosis of childhood cancer who were in remission, and a control group of 25 healthy children. No statistically significant difference was determined between the groups in respect of parental ages, family structure, parental educational levels, and mean monthly family income (p>0.05).In the comparisons of the raw scores of the RCADS-PV between the two groups, RCADS-PV Panic Disorder, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Depression subscale scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in the control group than in the remission group (p=0.048; p=0.045; p=0.047). When the CRIES-13 scores of the two groups were compared, no statistically significant difference was found (p=0.659).When the PTGI scales and subscales of the two groups were compared; while no statistically significant difference was found in the total PTGI score (p=0.066), the change in life philosophy subscale and the change in relationships with others subscale was found to be statistically significantly higher in the remission group than in the control group (p=0.038; p=0.05).Considering the relationship between CRIES-13 and PTGI scale scores, no statistically significant relationship was found in the remission group. Conclusion: Cancer survivors grow from this negative experience, become stronger and survive with positive gains; they can adjust their expectations from themselves, the world and their future. Considering the current prevalence of cancer and increasing survival rates with treatments, new multicenter studies with larger samples are needed on this subject.
... Because purposeful activities that increase happiness create positive thoughts and experiences by producing positive emotions (Lyubomirsky, 2008), this orientation can contribute to an individual's positive evaluation of difficult conditions, which strengthens the will to overcome the event (Joseph & Linley, 2008). Therefore, the stressful event is reevaluated through coping methods, and the individual then opens the path to growth by reviewing themselves, their relationships, and their priorities (Folkman & Moskowitz, 2000;Helgeson et al., 2006). ...
This study focuses on the mediating effects of problem-focused coping and happiness-increasing strategies on the relationship between psychological hardiness and posttraumatic growth in a sample of individuals (N = 1069) exposed to various traumatic events. The data in the study were analysed with the structural equation model. The nested models strategy and bootstrapping were used to test the mediation effects in the model. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the relationship between psychological hardiness and posttraumatic growth is mediated by happiness-increasing strategies and problem-focused coping. It was further observed that problem-focused coping has a mediating effect on the relationship between happiness-increasing strategies and posttraumatic growth and those happiness-increasing strategies have a mediating effect on the relationship between psychological hardiness and problem-focused coping. Thus, problem-solving and emotion-regulating skills may have an effect on the relationship between psychological hardiness and posttraumatic growth.
... Para evaluar el CPT se ha utilizado principalmente el "Inventario de crecimiento postraumático" (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, PTGI; Tedeschi y Calhoun, 1996), el cual se ha convertido en el más utilizado en la investigación sobre los efectos positivos de la adversidad (Joseph y Linley, 2008). El PTGI es un cuestionario de 21 ítems que posee buenos indicadores de consistencia interna (α= 0,90) y estabilidad temporal (r= 0,71) y una estructura factorial compuesta por cinco factores en su versión original: (1) relaciones interpersonales, (2) apreciación de la vida, (3) fortaleza personal, (4) nuevas posibilidades y (5) filosofía de la vida (Tedeschi y Calhoun, 1996). ...
El crecimiento postraumático es la capacidad psicológica para percibir cambios positivos ante eventos altamente estresantes o potencialmente traumáticos y puede ser especialmente útil para amortiguar sus efectos en la vida de los adolescentes. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación peruana del “Inventario de crecimiento postraumático” (PTGI). Participaron 2103 adolescentes (50,7% hombres) de entre 13 y 19 años, quienes estuvieron expuestos a algún evento altamente estresante en los últimos cinco años. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, invarianza factorial, análisis de red y se correlacionó el PTGI con una medida de bienestar. Se observó el mejor ajuste parsimonioso en un modelo unidimensional de 21 ítems, el PTGI mostró ser invariante según el sexo, el análisis de red determinó mayor medida de centralidad de fuerza en el ítem 2 (apreciación de la vida). Estos resultados indican que el PTGI es una prueba con validez de constructo, invariante, fiable y adecuado para evaluar el nivel de crecimiento psicológico en adolescentes peruanos que sufrieron algún evento estresante durante los últimos cinco años.
... Importantly, positive psychology increasingly informs clinical work emphasizing psychological well-being rather than subjective well-being (Joseph & Linley, 2008;Seligman et al., 2005). In fact, the cognitive struggle associated with psychological distress as a result of exposure to potentially traumatic events can precipitate purposeful ruminative activity, resulting in positive change or posttraumatic growth (Stockton et al., 2011). ...
... Although most of the studies in the literature focus on the effects of chronic negative emotions on the immune system, many studies also draws attention to the immune enhancing benefits of positive emotions (D'Acquisto, 2017;Pressman & Black, 2012). Fuelled by the emergence of positive psychology (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000), the field of posttraumatic growth has now become a major topic of research (Calhoun & Tedeschi, 2006;Joseph & Linley, 2008). Existing literature suggests that Positive psychology interventions (PPIs) significantly impact recovery in a variety of medical populations (Chida & Steptoe, 2008;Huffman et al., 2015) and may be effective in enhancing posttraumatic growth and positive mental health (Joseph et al., 2012). ...
There is an increasing body of evidence proving that transplanted patients’ perceptions of their disease and their emotional state may have an influence on their physical recovery, but there are relatively few psychological interventions specifically developed to support their healing process. The aim of our study was to explore the effectiveness of a positive psychology intervention programme on the pre- and postoperative psychological state of kidney transplant patients. Clinical trial registration number: NEP-PSZICH-001, 13.15.2014. A total of 40 kidney transplant patients were assessed using the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, Beck’s Depression Inventory, Transplanted Organ Questionnaire, Brief Illness Questionnaire and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory during a 1-year follow-up. Medical parameters were collected throughout the 1-year period after transplantation. Compared to the control group, patients in the intervention group had lower anxiety and depression, and higher Posttraumatic Growth scores, and they had shown more positive attitude toward the transplant and their illness. We consider it as our most outstanding result that the estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum creatinine levels were significantly better among patients receiving positive psychology intervention, both after 6 months and after one year following their kidney transplantation. The findings show that mental functioning and general well-being of kidney transplant patients improved after our positive psychology intervention programme, and these improvements were also associated with better kidney functions in the long run.
... Additionally, each pillar of PERMA has been shown to be positively associated with physical health, optimal well-being, and life satisfaction and negatively correlated with depression, fatigue, anxiety, perceived stress, loneliness, and negative emotion (Butler & Kern, 2016). At a time of significant stress, promoting the highest human performance and adaptation not only helps with well-being in the midst of the challenge but also can provide a foundation for future potential for optimal well-being (Joseph & Linley, 2008). ...
This study examined the relationships between psychological capital (PsyCap), coping strategies, and well-being among 609 university students using self-report measures. Results revealed that well-being was significantly lower during COVID-19 compared to before the onset of the pandemic. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that PsyCap predicted well-being, and structural equation modeling demonstrated the mediating role of coping strategies between PsyCap and well-being. Prior to COVID-19, the PsyCap dimensions of optimism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of well-being. During the pandemic, optimism, hope, and resiliency have been significant predictors of well-being. Adaptive coping strategies were also conducive to well-being. Implications and recommendations for psychoeducation and counseling interventions to promote PsyCap and adaptive coping strategies in university students are presented.
... After experiencing traumatic events, individuals tend to engage in (mostly unconscious) defensive strategies to decrease the sense of threat and uncertainty, and to regain "mental equilibrium". Such strategies can vary between positive and negative accommodations, which may also induce violence and aggression (Joseph & Linley, 2008). ...
Using data from the Profiles of Individual Radicalization in the United States (PIRUS) database (N = 884), this study shows that lack of identification with the American belief and social value system, and group grievance, are both significant predictors in explaining why individuals reach out to ideological, extremist groups, prior of showing violent behavior. This means that low levels of identification with socially shared norms, values, narratives and beliefs and the attachment to a group that is believed to be under threat, increase the chance that individuals question the established systems in the United States and search for alternative, even extremist, worldviews.
... Their paper suggests that therapists go through a process of meaning making as these experiences challenge their existing global beliefs and as such a cognitive shift is experienced. These authors reflected on how positive and negative changes to the helper's belief system can occur and drew on the work of Joseph and Linley (2008) in making sense of this, i.e. that the self is multi-faceted and can thus integrate both positive and negative aspects. Adding to this understanding, Linley et al. (2005) proposed that as new beliefs are infused with old beliefs, the therapist can experience growth and development because their understanding of the world is enriched. ...
Background
Hearing about trauma can leave a mark on an individual, leading to a significant change in worldview that shatters their existing beliefs and is pervasive across view of self, other and the world. Individuals present with a range of symptoms that mimic post-traumatic stress disorder although the symptoms are less severe. Despite this, some individuals can experience growth through an enriched understanding of self and other. This altered perspective enables individuals to respond in ways that promote growth and positivity in their own lives.
Aims
The aim of this review was to synthesise existing qualitative literature exploring how therapists experience working with trauma survivors.
Method
A systematic literature search found 16 studies which were selected for review following the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality appraisal. Noblit and Hare’s (1988) approach to meta-ethnography was followed.
Results
The themes identified outline a cognitive model of vicarious trauma whereby therapists presented with cognitive, emotional, physiological and behavioural ‘symptoms’ due to marked changes in schemata following repeated exposure to trauma. The literature suggests that therapists experience growth and development alongside vicarious trauma through witnessing clients’ resilience and growth.
Conclusion
This meta-ethnographic review suggests that the impact of working with trauma is profound and complex for therapists bearing witness to their client’s pain and concurrently, their growth.
... The arts provide symbolic nonverbal ways to work with unspeakable trauma, natural and manmade disasters, dislocation and caregiver burnout. Building on creativity, they facilitate posttraumatic growth (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996;Serlin & Cannon 2004), growth through adversity (Joseph & Linley, 2008), hardiness (Maddi & Hightower, 1999), optimism and resilience (Antonovsky, 1979;Epel et al, 1998) and self-efficacy. Used to build resiliency in a Whole Person context (Serlin, 2007a, they bring together body, speech, mind and spirit. ...
This paper explores the use of dance/movement therapy, as a Whole Person approach to working with trauma and building resilience, to effect individual and community change around the world. The arts are a particularly effective way for people who cannot express themselves verbally to find symbolic and embodied expression of their suffering and hopes for the future. Dance/movement therapy can draw on folk dance and specific cultural forms to address universal themes. The content of this paper was presented as a workshop at the American Dance Therapy Association convention in San Diego, 2015.
... The co-occurrence of distress and psychological growth was commonly reported by the participants and is consistent with studies on post-traumatic growth (Joseph & Linley, 2008;Hussain & Bhushan, 2013). Many of the participants reflected that because of the distance between them and their families back in Tibet, they deeply valued relationships and did not take them for granted. ...
The current study is a qualitative investigation aimed at exploring the lived experiences of Tibetan youth who had escaped to India as unaccompanied minors and since then have been living as refugees in India without their parents. The study attempts to explore the challenges, struggles and coping of this unique population of youth refugees growing up in exile in India without the support of parents. Ten Tibetan refugee youth now studying at university level were interviewed in depth. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse their narratives. Major findings included the unique sociocultural, political and emotional challenges they faced related to acclimatisation, status of their own political identity, difficulties pertaining to retaining their Tibetan culture in a host country, and loneliness. Their adaptation in the host country was perceived to be facilitated by their unique Buddhist spiritual and cultural beliefs, strong faith in the Dalai Lama, community bonding and peer support and the use of social media to communicate with family in Tibet. The Tibetan refugee youth derived a sense of growth from their adversities related to appreciating the value of family, personal growth in the form of self-reliance, and finding meaning in life by feeling part of a larger purpose related to the Tibetan cause. Implications for practice: The study highlights the unique psychosocial issues of Tibetan refugee youth in exile in India. Culturally sensitive psychosocial support and an understanding of traditional spiritual and religious coping mechanisms may be integrated into health services for the Tibetan refugees who lack family support and may not be familiar with the Western constructs of mental health.
... Furthermore, in a study by Palgi [59], it was demonstrated that higher levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were both linearly and curvilinearly associated with a possibility of higher AGING post-traumatic growth (PTG). PTG is defined as the positive changes that occur after trauma [60,61]. Subjective age and perceived distance-to-death mediated this association in a linear way. ...
Aging is a multifactorial process, which affects the human body on every level and results in both biological and psychological changes. Multiple studies have demonstrated that a lower subjective age is associated with better mental and physical health, cognitive functions, well-being and satisfaction with life. In this work we propose a list of non-modifiable and modifiable factors that may possibly be influenced by subjective age and its changes across an individual's lifespan. These factors can be used for a future development of individual psychological aging clocks, which may be utilized as a sensitive measure for health status and overall life satisfaction. Furthermore, recent progress in artificial intelligence and biomarkers of biological aging have enabled scientists to discover and evaluate the efficacy of potential aging- and disease-modifying drugs and interventions. We propose that biomarkers of psychological age, which are just as important as those for biological age, may likewise be used for these purposes. Indeed, these two types of markers complement one another. We foresee the development of a broad range of parametric and deep psychological and biopsychological aging clocks, which may have implications for drug development and therapeutic interventions, and thus healthcare and other industries.
The teaching profession is characterized by high demands and teachers who thrive are better able to navigate their demanding context than teachers who survive. Based on theories on strengths use we propose that strengths interventions which help teachers to identify, use, and develop their strengths can enhance their thriving (vitality and learning) which enables them to perform better. In addition, based on the socioemotional selective theory we propose that strengths interventions are especially beneficial for older teachers because it fits their goals and skills. We conducted a quasi-experimental study, in which 152 teachers and their team leaders participated in a strengths intervention. Longitudinal survey data indicated that the strengths intervention contributed to older teachers’ (≥ 46 years old) vitality, which in turn, contributed to their performance. No significant effects were found for younger teachers. We discuss the implications of our study for older teachers.
Prior research has mainly examined non-adaptive responses to divorce, with less attention being paid to positive changes following the adversity of marital dissolution, especially posttraumatic growth and its consequences. The aim of this paper was to analyse the relationship between posttraumatic growth and subjective well-being, as well as the mediating and moderating role of self-esteem in this relationship among divorced men and women. The sample consisted of 209 divorcees (143 females, 66 males) aged 23–80 (M = 41.97, SD = 10.72). The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES) were used in the study. Positive associations between overall posttraumatic growth, specific growth dimensions, subjective well-being and self-esteem were found. Self-esteem was confirmed as a mediator in the relationships between changes in perception of self and subjective well-being (SWB), between changes in relating to others and SWB and between appreciation for life and SWB. Self-esteem moderated the association between spiritual changes and subjective well-being; namely, changes in spirituality were positively related to happiness in individuals with lower and average self-esteem but not with high self-esteem. We found no differences between women and men in the obtained results. Self-esteem might be considered a possible psychological (mediating rather than moderating) mechanism in the transmission of PTG onto SWB in divorcees, regardless of their gender.
The unprecedented COVID-19 global pandemic has created many challenges across the educational domains experienced by many cultures around the world. The present study elucidates a cross-cultural comparison of college students' self-efficacy, self-regulation, and resilience between college students in the United States and China during these challenging times. A total of 479 college students from the United States and China were recruited to participate in the present study. Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) were conducted, and results indicated that U.S. college students demonstrated significantly higher self-efficacy and resilience and significantly lower self-regulation than Chinese college students. Further, the implications of the present study provide suggestions for effective teaching and learning strategies that can be used to establish supportive learning environments for students from different cultural backgrounds.
Background:
Professionals working with refugees are vicariously exposed to complex traumatic experiences lived by forced migrants, which can lead to the risk of developing secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and a poor compassion satisfaction. The current study aimed to explore the effects of secondary traumatic stress on burnout and compassion satisfaction in 264 Italian professionals working with refugees and forced migrants. Moreover, it examined the mediating role of emotion regulation between secondary traumatic stress and both burnout and compassion satisfaction.
Methods:
A structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to test the hypothesis.
Results:
The results showed that increased levels of secondary traumatic stress were associated with an increase of burnout both directly and indirectly through the mediation of emotion regulation. Emotion regulation also totally mediated the relationship between secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction.
Conclusions:
The results suggested that prevention or interventions programs targeting emotion regulation might be important to improve the professional quality of life of operators working with refugees and forced migrants.
India has been frequently fraught with a substantial degree of severity of both natural and man-made disasters, which have taken a heavy toll on the lives and property of millions of people rendering them homeless and jobless and leaving them with deeply ingrained reflections and memories of pain and trauma which may even take generations to be healed completely. For thousands of years, the arts and crafts have been widely recognized as a medium of interaction, self-expression, empowerment, and resolving conflict by binding together various elements of the society, culture, heritage, environment, and ecology of a region. Thus, there is a dire need to understand the existence of arts and crafts not only within their cultural context but also in terms of their therapeutic usefulness and empowerment aspects in strengthening the voices, sustaining identities, and building capabilities of the disaster-affected victims by exploring various aspects of artistry and creativity associated with a particular craft. In this context, the present study attempts to (i) present a historical narrative of the role of visual arts in mitigating the after-effects of some of the prominent disasters in India by promoting a speedy process of recovery and normalcy of the affected victims over a period of time and (ii) eventually propose resilience-building policy recommendations by the inclusion and promotion of Indian arts and crafts as an important tool in the post-disaster recovery and redevelopment process in mitigating disaster-related aftermaths in India. The study is conducted by holding a series of discussions with some of the well-known NGOs and individuals working in the field of visual arts through telephonic and virtual conversations. Data is analyzed by applying the thematic analysis method.
Authentic leaders display an exceptional level of integrity and honesty, a high level of awareness and responsibility as well as a commitment to achieving their goals; as a result, they develop more trusting relationships with their employees, which could be translated into many positive outcomes, such as enhancing the ability to thrive at work. The present study aims to determine the role of authentic leadership´s (AL’s) four dimensions (self-awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing, and internalized moral perspective) in fostering an environment that offers workers the opportunity to do well, including in terms of two related elements (vitality and learning).
An online questionnaire was conducted to collect data from a sample of 402 participants from the information technology (IT) industry in Australia. The study used WarpPLS software to analyze the collected data by the structural equation model. According to the results, balanced processing of AL has a positive and significant effect on two aspects of thriving at work, namely vitality and learning, Moreover, the internalized moral perspective inherent in the aforementioned phenomenon affects
learning. The current study is novel as it is among examples of pioneering research that employ the path model, and it uses multi-dimensional structures to examine authentic leadership and thriving at work in the workplace. The research also discusses theoretical contributions, managerial implications, and limitations along with future study directions.
This work is a summary of the 4-5 months research work that was the resource for the presentation content delivered to the Iceland Positive Psychology Conference and loaded in parallel to this document. As the Coronavirus pandemic took hold and developed, we followed events as observers and researchers seeking to understand its impact, and to ask what positive psychology (PP) might contribute during and afterwards. As we all now know those questions have become harder and more complex with parallel developments and complexities in 2022 with dramatic increases in fuel and food costs, and an invasion and war in the Ukraine. These notes seeks to summarise: • Themes of Covid impact seen in the UK (which we suspect are likely to be replicated elsewhere). It's notable that this includes themes detected during the pandemic and those seen as enduring after-effects as the pandemic may move to become endemic. • The tour de force work of Waters et al (2020?) which offers a detailed review of research and potential contributions of PP. • How we suggest their work can be summarised and a focusing and contributory model. • A proposal from us on how we move beyond the theory and research summarised in Waters et al (2020) towards a model of applied research aimed at specific impacts of the pandemic, how PP might touch and support the daily lives of individuals, helping themselves, and in turn resourcing them to help others. The title of this document presupposes we are looking beyond the pandemic. We suggest that all 'seeds' of the post-pandemic state are present now. First author contact details: piers.worth@bnu.ac.uk
How do people maintain their humanity during wars? Despite its importance, this question receives scant scholarly attention, perhaps because war is overwhelming. The generally accepted belief is that wars bring out the worst in us, pitting one against another. 'War is hell', William Tecumseh Sherman famously noted, and even 'just' wars are massively destructive and inhumane. Since ethics is concerned with discovering what takes us to a morally superior place, one conducive to betterment and happiness - studying what helps people survive wartime trauma thus becomes an extremely valuable enterprise. A Darkling Plain fills an important scholarly void, analyzing wartime stories that reveal much about our capacity to process trauma, heal wounds, reclaim lost spirits, and derive meaning and purpose from the most horrific of personal events.
In this study, the impacts of service learning (SL) on the spiritual well-being and psychological health of Chinese university students in Hong Kong are determined. The SL programme is a six-month, credit-bearing programme (not less than 80 working hours). The study adopted a pre-test–post-test quasi-experimental design, wherein students enrolled in SL comprised the experimental group (n = 132; 59 male, 73 female), and those who were not enrolled in SL comprised the control group (n = 128; 55 male, 73 female). The students completed the spiritual well-being questionnaire (SWBQ) to evaluate the status of their spiritual well-being (including the personal and communal, environmental, and transcendental domains), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to assess their emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress before and after the SL programme. At pre-test, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in SWBQ and DASS-21 scores. Findings indicated that students in the experimental group had greater increases in spiritual well-being in personal and communal, environmental and transcendental domains and decreases in stress, anxiety and depression than those in the control group at the end of the SL programme.
Cette thèse a pour objectif d’explorer les possibilités d’apprenance qui émergent des situations de crise en terrain hospitalier. En voulant investir cet objet de recherche, l’auteur part de la question suivante : les situations de crise peuvent-elles être génératrices d’opportunités d’apprenance pour les professionnels de santé ? Si la réponse est oui, alors quels processus d’apprenance(s) peut-on observer ? S’agit-il d’apprenance(s) exclusivement d’ordre professionnel ? A partir d’un recueil de récits d’expériences, l’auteur a cherché à faire émerger l’évidence empirique d’apprenance dans la gestion des situations de crise. Le recueil d’expérience des professionnels de santé sur le terrain s’appuie sur une approche dite de la théorie enracinée, qui consiste à faire ressortir, à partir d’une analyse inductive, des récits des professionnels, de nouvelles connaissances et enseignements. L’analyse des récits recueillis en terrain hospitalier permet de mettre en évidence trois axes de recherche majeurs : un axe de compréhension des dynamiques d’agression, protection et repli générées par les situations de crise (émergence du stress aigu, les effets du stress aigu, un processus de compréhension du vécu, des stratégies protectives, défensives et adaptatives), un axe d’émergence d’apprenances multiples (apprenance expérientielle, apprenance émotionnelle, apprenance sur soi) et un axe sur les répercussions sur la formation des apprenants professionnels.
This study look at how the description of posttraumatic growth in women with cancer survivors. Researchers used qualitative research with a case study approach. Methods of data collection using observation techniques, structured interviews and related documentation data. Data analysis techniques in this study are data reduction, data presentation and verification (drawing conclusions). The results obtained show a picture of posttraumatic growth in cancer survivor women where the four subjects are women who show positive changes in life and are able to develop themselves compared to before as a result of struggling with cancer experiences and have successfully passed the traumatic event. Struggles and changes are marked by an appreciation of life, relationships with other people, personal strength, spiritual change and new possibilities that are depicted in each subject. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana gambaran posttraumatic growth pada wanita survivor kanker. Peneliti menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian ini adalah empat wanita survivor kanker. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara semi terstruktur. Teknik analisa data dalam penelitian ini yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data serta verifikasi (penarikan kesimpulan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran posttraumatic growth pada wanita survivor kanker dimana keempat subjek merupakan wanita yang menunjukkan perubahan positif dalam hidup dan mampu mengembangkan diri dibandingkan sebelumnya sebagai hasil perjuangan atas pengalaman kanker serta telah berhasil melewati peristiwa traumatis tersebut. Perjuangan dan perubahan ditandai dengan adanya apresiasi kehidupan, hubungan dengan orang lain, kekuatan pribadi, perubahan spiritual dan kemungkinan baru yang tergambar pada masing-masing diri subjek.
Introduction:
Forced migration, in general, comprises a series of traumatic events in a prolonged multiphase period; however, women refugees typically endure gender-specific traumatic events through their migration journey. Despite the typical reported negative impacts of traumatic events, the literature also identifies positive posttraumatic changes as posttrauma psychological wellbeing.
Objective:
To systematically identify the gender-based traumatic events throughout the migration journey and the impact of these events on the refugee women's posttrauma psychological wellbeing
Methods:
The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (Tricco et al. 2018) and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis (Peters et al. 2020) will guide this scoping review. Therefore, it will systematically review academic and grey literature extracted from PsycInfo, PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, CINAHL, as well as Open Grey and Google Scholar. The search strategy will consist of synonyms for the three basic constructs: gender-specific traumatic events, psychological wellbeing, and women refugees. Two reviewers will review and extract results from qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies. The results will be coded and presented thematically using NVivo version 11.
Results:
The identified gender-based traumatic events throughout the migration journey and the impact of these events on the refugee women's posttrauma psychological wellbeing will be comprehensively presented in the full report.
Conclusion:
The findings will identify key concepts, the research gaps, and types and sources of evidence to understand refugee women’s psychological wellbeing post-resettlement.
This volume offers a collection of essays focused upon the representation of one of the most traumatic events in the history of India - the 1947 Partition - in literature and cinematographic adaptations. The focus here is placed on various strategies of representation and different types of memory at work in the process of remembering/re-membering Partition. All these avoid the traditional Hindu vs. Muslim perspective, and analyse other sides of the same story, seen from the perspective of marginal people belonging to other religious minorities, whose stories have generally been ignored and silenced by the official historical discourse.
Repeated exposure to traumatogenic material as part of work with traumatised individuals can have detrimental effects on professionals’ well-being. Growing research has explored this phenomenon, known as ‘vicarious traumatisation’. Nevertheless, little research has focused on the positive effects of this work on professionals, namely, ‘vicarious post-traumatic growth’. This literature review aims to identify existing research demonstrating mental health professionals’ experiences of growth, along with environmental and personal factors that facilitate this growth. Eight qualitative and seven quantitative articles were identified following a systematic search of six electronic databases and assessed for their quality using standardised checklists. Qualitative studies were assessed using the Quality Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Studies (NICE, 2012), and quantitative studies were assessed using the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (Downes et al., 2016). Professionals described changes in the way they view themselves, the value they place on their relationships and their appreciation for life. Important organisational factors and personal traits were identified as significant predictors for professionals’ growth. Our findings have the potential to inform practical recommendations and directions for future research.
Background
Distress after major incidents is widespread among survivors. The great majority do not meet the criteria for mental health disorders and rely on psychosocial care provided by their informal networks and official response services. There is a need to better understand their experiences of distress and psychosocial care needs.
Aims
The aims of our study were to enhance understanding of the experience of distress among people present at the Manchester Arena bombing in 2017, identify their experiences of psychosocial care after the incident and learn how to better deliver and target effective psychosocial care following major incidents.
Method
We conducted a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 18 physically non-injured survivors of the Manchester Arena attack, who registered with the NHS Manchester Resilience Hub.
Results
Distress was ubiquitous, with long-lasting health and social consequences. Initial reluctance to seek help from services was also common. Early and open access to authoritative sources of information and emotional support, and organised events for survivors, were viewed as helpful interventions. Inappropriate forms of psychosocial and mental healthcare were common and potent stressors that affected coping and recovery.
Conclusions
This paper extends our understanding of how people react to major events. Provision for the large group of people who are distressed and require psychosocial care may be inadequate after many incidents. There is a substantial agenda for developing awareness of people's needs for psychosocial interventions, and training practitioners to deliver them. The findings have substantial implications for policy and service design.
Dalam kehidupan nyata, proses berpacaran tidak selalu semulus ekspektasi setiap individu, tindak kekerasan dalam suatu hubungan bisa membuat seorang wanita mengalami trauma. Wanita yang mengalami kekerasan dapat bangkit, berubah lebih positif, dan mengalami pertumbuhan pasca trauma. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat bagaimana gambaran perkembangan pasca trauma pada korban kekerasan dalam pacaran dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan pasca trauma. Peneliti menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah empat perempuan korban kekerasan dalam pacaran yang telah teridentifikasi pertumbuhan pasca trauma dengan menggunakan timbangan Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) oleh Tedeschi dan Calhoun. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan informan. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah pengolahan data, pengkodean, penyajian data, serta interpretasi data (penarikan kesimpulan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gambaran perkembangan pasca trauma pada korban kekerasan dalam pacaran dimana keempat subjek penelitian adalah wanita dewasa awal yang menunjukkan perubahan positif dalam hidup, mampu menghadapi peristiwa traumatis, membangun kembali kehidupan yang lebih baik dan terarah serta dapat merefleksikan dirinya. kehidupan baru. Perjuangan dan perubahan dicirikan oleh penghargaan terhadap kehidupan, hubungan dengan orang lain, kekuatan pribadi, perubahan spiritual, dan kemungkinan baru yang ditembakkan pada setiap subjek itu sendiri. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keseluruhan faktor penghargaan terhadap kehidupan, hubungan dengan orang lain, kekuatan batin, kemungkinan baru, dan perkembangan spiritual yang membantu subjek bangkit untuk menemukan kehidupan yang lebih baik dari sebelumnya.
Although forced displacement may lead to many adverse psychological problems, this experience may also result in positive psychological consequences. Given the increasing
disturbance in countries, many people are forcibly displaced, a comprehensive understanding of the posttraumatic growth (PTG) experiences of refugees is warranted.
In this study, we examined 12 primary studies exploring PTG among refugees using the qualitative metasynthesis method. Our analysis of the primary studies consisting of
319 adults revealed four themes: (a) improved psychologic functioning; (b) enhanced interpersonal relationships; (c) reconstruction of the meaning of life; and (d) positive future direction. These findings indicate that no matter how traumatic experiences are painful, people can hold on to life, build a new life, and grow from adversity.
Processes of post-war reconstruction, peacebuilding and reconciliation are partly about fostering stability and adaptive capacity across different social systems. Nevertheless, these processes have seldom been expressly discussed within a resilience framework. Similarly, although the goals of transitional justice – among them (re)establishing the rule of law, delivering justice and aiding reconciliation – implicitly encompass a resilience element, transitional justice has not been explicitly theorised as a process for building resilience in communities and societies that have suffered large-scale violence and human rights violations. The chapters in this unique volume theoretically and empirically explore the concept of resilience in diverse societies that have experienced mass violence and human rights abuses. They analyse the extent to which transitional justice processes have – and can – contribute to resilience and how, in so doing, they can foster adaptive peacebuilding. This book is available as Open Access.
In the process of globalization, the spread of terrorism has brought risks and uncertainties to multinational enterprises. In order to find out the influence of terrorism, this research use the Chinese multinational enterprises’(MNEs) 2089 investments in 125 countries to studies the impact of terrorist events on their investment decisions. The research find that the the more people affected by the terrorism in one country, the less subsidiaries set up in the countries. Terrorist events have brought severe challenges to investment. Governments of countries should improve their own security protection systems, while enterprises should also strengthen the risk management system.
The worldwide frequency of sexual assault and the associated psychosocial difficulties have led to sexual violence being deemed a serious public health issue. There is a growing understanding in the field that survivors’ outcomes following sexual assault follow unique trajectories and professionals need to conduct thorough, unbiased assessment to adequately capture survivors’ presenting problems and their person-specific contributing factors. Although survivors are increasingly disclosing their victimization, they still experience obstacles to reporting victimization and receiving services. For example, many survivors report that formal sources of support are unhelpful or even potentially harmful. With the goal of increasing access to affirming and supportive services, the remaining chapters of this book highlight many of the common issues that emerge when working with sexual assault survivors and cover best practices for receiving disclosures of sexual assault.
Background
Recent studies have indicated that grieving after suicide loss can be particularly complex and traumatic. However, studies have recognized the opportunity for personal growth among suicide-loss survivors. This study signifies an effort to develop a comprehensive understanding of the underlying interpersonal facilitators of posttraumatic growth (PTG) among suicide-loss survivors in a longitudinal design.
Method
Participants included 189 suicide-loss survivors (155 females), aged 21–73, who completed questionnaires of thwarted belongingness (TB), perceived burdensomeness (PB), and self-disclosure at T1. Moreover, participants were assessed on PTG levels at T1, 18 months (T2), and 42 months (T3).
Results
The integrated mediation model indicated that both TB and PB contributed to the PTG trajectory. PB and self-disclosure contributed to PTG at T3 beyond the PTG trajectory across time. We also found self-disclosure to mediate the association of TB and PTG at T2 and T3.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that interpersonal factors play critical roles in contributing to PTG over time among suicide-loss survivors. Basic psychoeducational interventions designed to foster interpersonal behaviors may facilitate achieving PTG among survivors in the aftermath of suicide loss.
Researchhas shown that posttraumatic reactions can co‐occur in trauma‐exposed individuals. Many studies have assessed the co‐occurring patterns of two types of reactions, but few have assessed the patterns of multiple reactions. To build on existing knowledge, the present study examined co‐occurring patterns of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants (N = 683) were adolescents selected from an area in China severely affected by COVID‐19 who completed the PTSD Checklist, a measure of depression, a PTG inventory, and a cognitive emotional regulation questionnaire. Latent profile analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used for the data analyses. The results showed three heterogeneous patterns characterized by growth (n = 248, 36.3%), distress (n = 101, 14.8%), and struggle (n = 334, 48.9%). Positive refocusing and reappraisal were associated with membership in the growth group compared with distress group, OR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.75, 0.93] and OR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.68, 0.90], whereas rumination, catastrophizing, and “putting into perspective” were associated with membership in the distress group compared with growth group, ORs = 1.15–1.44. These findings suggest that posttraumatic reactions show heterogeneous characteristics: struggle, rather than growth or distress, is common among adolescents during COVID‐19; and distinct cognitive emotional regulation strategies have distinguishing roles in the three patterns of posttraumatic reactions.
The historical background of Psalm 137, the traumatic event of the exile, makes it appropriate to read this psalm from the post-traumatic perspective. Most of the time, a trauma may negatively harm the mental health of its victim(s), but sometimes it may positively contribute to the mental development of the victim(s). Post-traumatic growth defines the positive psychological changes that result from a traumatic event, and the possession of belief in a just world is an indicator of post-traumatic growth. The textual evidence shows that the speaker of Psalm 137 is in the process of post-traumatic growth and that the speaker's belief in a just world, which is reflected in the text of Psalm 137:9, is at the core of this growth. The concept of post-traumatic growth and the belief in a just world work together to make sense of the language of violence in Psalm 137:9.
This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Haitian Creole version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) with a sample of 256 earthquake survivors in Haiti. The results showed the PTGI to have excellent internal consistency reliability for the total scale (α = .93) and acceptable levels of reliability for its subscales, ranging from α =.72 to α =.78. Independent t-tests revealed no statistically significant gender differences in scores on the PTGI total scale or the subscales. These findings suggest that the Haitian Creole version of the PTGI is adequate for the assessment of Haitian adults exposed to a natural disaster.
This chapter articulates suffering and other traumatic legacies of colonialism in Keris Mas's Jungle of Hope.
This study examines how the appearance of post-traumatic growth as a result of a traumatic event is affected by the extent to which the experiencing self dominates the narrating self (concepts introduced by Franz Stanzel). The experiencing self describes its feelings, needs, and desires, and reveals its own attitudes toward the situation and its circumstances. The narrating self aims to give a detailed account of the event, circumstances and its own actions, without saying much about its emotional state. Seventy-eight Polish women were asked to recount their traumatic experiences and answer questions about how the experience had affected their thinking about themselves and their world-view. The participants narratives were analyzed in terms of the dominance of either the experiencing self or the narrating self, or their possible balance. The participants also filled out questionnaires to measure post-traumatic growth and sense of purpose in life. The qualitative analysis suggested that greater post-traumatic growth was reported by women for whom the experiencing self either dominated in the narratives over the narrating self, or was balanced with the equally developed story of the narrating self. However, the quantitative analysis distinguished only between the experiencing self and narrating self positions, with the former demonstrating greater post-traumatic growth, whereas narratives that balanced both voices were intermediate in the comparison and were not distinguished from the other more pure positions. Taken as a whole, results support the inference that narration from an emotion-focused internal perspective facilitates personal growth in the face of very difficult life events.
Background and Objectives
Few studies explore both negative and positive perspectives of family members who relinquish home care of a family member with dementia for systemic aged care.
Research Design and Methods
This phenomenological study sought the ‘lived’ experience of relinquishing the role of home carer for a family member with mild to severe dementia to others within care home settings, by seeking to understand the impact of aged care on family members’ psychological well-being. Using semi-structured interviews, positive and negative subjective interpretations from 17 families (27 individuals) provided data for analysis, following the protocols of interpretative phenomenological analysis.
Results
One superordinate theme, mistrust/integrity, overarched oscillation between mistrust of the aged care system and a struggle for personal integrity in caring for these participants. Two sub-themes emerged: intrinsic trauma and extrinsic trauma. Intrinsic trauma explained feelings of helplessness and guilt, and internally directed responses that triggered a retreat into submission ultimately reducing the participant’s role in advocacy. Extrinsic trauma represented externally directed responses such as anger and frustration, where family members became more engaged and watchful and recognised a need for vigilance and advocacy. Paradoxically oscillating between these personal struggles, participants exhibited growth, a third theme that defined assertive/advocacy utilised to nurture hope, gratitude, courage and change.
Discussion and Implications
Family members experienced complex distress as they relinquished home care to others within systemic aged care for a member with dementia. By developing adaptive responses as appropriate, for example, advocating for their family member or accepting compliance with treatment, collaborative care between family and staff created better outcomes for the family member with dementia.
ساعدت البحوث في علم النفس، وخاصة في مجال علم النفس الإيجابي على إطلاعنا على الطرق التي لا تعد ولا تحصى التي يمكن للناس أن يستجيبوا من خلالها للضغوط والصدمات، ومع الإدراك المتزايد للآثار السلبية الكبيرة لهذه الأحداث، فقد أهتم الباحثون في مجال علم النفس الإيجابي بالفوائد الإيجابية التي قد يختبرها الناس نتيجة التحمل والتعلم من المواقف الحياتية الضاغطة أو الصادمة التي يمرون بها، وعلى الرغم من وجود العديد من المصطلحات لوصف بنيات مماثلة، فإن ارتقاء ما بعد الصدمة Post-traumatic growth ربما هو المصطلح الأكثر استخدامًا الآن في الدراسات النفسية والأكثر شمولاً لوصف هذه التغيرات الإيجابية في الحياة.
This feminist qualitative study investigates spousal bereavement experiences of Turkish martyr spouses within the context of gender regime, based on semi-structured interviews with 21 martyr spouses. From on the thematic analysis of these interviews, this study demonstrates that (1) the spousal bereavement process was complicated conjointly by traumatic and military context as well as martyrdom, (2) this complexity created conditions requiring struggle, and (3) coping resources were available to deal with this complexity. Further, it presents "how the Turkish gender regime affected the spousal bereavement process of martyr spouses." This study finds that martyr spouses' steps toward back to normal life, namely recovery after loss, were not supported or acknowledged by society. The authors propose the concept of "disenfranchised recovery" to explain this situation, based on concept of disenfranchised grief.
Objective:
Posttraumatic growth typically refers to enduring positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity, trauma, or highly challenging life circumstances. Critics have challenged insights from much of the prior research on this topic, pinpointing its significant methodological limitations. In response to these critiques, we propose that posttraumatic growth can be more accurately captured in terms of personality change-an approach that affords a more rigorous examination of the phenomenon.
Method:
We outline a set of conceptual and methodological questions and considerations for future work on the topic of post-traumatic growth.
Results:
We provide a series of recommendations for researchers from across the disciplines of clinical/counseling, developmental, health, personality, and social psychology and beyond, who are interested in improving the quality of research examining resilience and growth in the context of adversity.
Conclusion:
We are hopeful that these recommendations will pave the way for a more accurate understanding of the ubiquity, durability and causal processes underlying post-traumatic growth.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.