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Alteraciones Dentarias de Número y Forma, en niños sin malformaciones ni síndromes.
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... 1 Con respecto a la hipodoncia, se ha reportado una prevalencia que oscila entre el 0,27 y 13,3% en dentición permanente, en estudios que generalmente excluyen a los terceros molares. 8,10 Se presenta con mayor frecuencia en la dentición permanente y en el sexo femenino, 8,11 así como en la región anterior. 8,10 El mencionado rango de prevalencia presenta variaciones según el origen étnico de la población estudiada. ...
... Es más común en el maxilar, siendo el mesiodens el supernumerario más prevalente. 2,11 Diversos estudios realizados internacionalmente han reportado que la prevalencia de dientes supernumerarios varía entre el 0,1% y 5,3%, lo cual va a depender de las características específicas de la población estudiada y de la metodología de las investigaciones. 13,14 de la Fundación Proyecto Mayū, grupo de extensión de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, en la comunidad de Kavanayén -Estado Bolívar, Venezuela en abril de 2023, por parte de 12 observadores, entre los cuales se encuentran estudiantes voluntarios y especialistas. ...
... Si bien Sanz et al. 11 , Iglesias et al. 2 ...
Introduction: Dental anomalies result from alterations in odontogenesis, generating variations in size, shape, structure or number of teeth, being more prevalent in the permanent dentition. Objective: To describe the alterations in shape, number and eruption observed clinically in children and adolescents of the Pemón-Arekuna indigenous population of Kavanayén, Bolivar State, Venezuela. Material and methods: A descriptive field research, cross-sectional design was carried out. The data were collected in an epidemiological study during the medical-dental care activities of Fundación Proyecto Mayū in Kavanayén, Bolívar State, Venezuela, in April 2023. A total of 179 patients, 102 girls and 77 boys, aged between 7 months and 17 years, were clinically evaluated, recording the anomalies of shape, number and eruption detected. Results: Alterations in shape, number and eruption were identified in 8 patients, resulting in a prevalence of 4.47%. The prevalence of shape abnormalities was 1.12%. Likewise, the prevalence of alterations in number was 1.12% for supernumeraries and 1.12% for agenesis, as each alteration affected 2 patients. On the other hand, the prevalence of eruption alterations was 3.35%, being present in 6 of the patients. Conclusions:The clinically evaluated dental shape, number and eruption alterations presented moderate prevalence in the Pemón-Arekuna indigenous population of Kavanayén. The present study did not have radiographic information, so the results underline the importance of future research to clarify and enrich the understanding of these dental anomalies in specific contexts.
... Asimismo, la concresencia se refiere a una condición en la que dos dientes adyacentes, por lo general dos dientes molares, están unidos o fusionados por sus raíces a nivel de la dentina o cemento dental. A diferencia de la fusión dental, donde dos dientes se unen durante su desarrollo, la concrescencia ocurre después de que los dientes hayan completado su formación y erupcionado en la boca (Sanz, Pérez, & Barbería, 2014). ...
... The teeth of both dental arches are uniformly smaller than normal, which occurs in rare disorders such as hypophyseal dwarfism, where this dental pathology is called true generalized microdontia (Fig. 2) to differentiate it from relative generalized microdontia, where the maxilla are larger than normal, giving a false impression of small teeth. Other syndromes that can present microdontia are: Down syndrome, hemifacial microsomia and hereditary anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Sanz Coarasa et al., 2012). ...
There are 76 dentistry terms used in the Terminologia Anatomica, which is a very small number for the existing nomenclature, which uses many terms with Greek roots and eponyms. The aim of this study was to propose terms in Latin and their respective translations into English and Spanish for macrodontia, microdontia and their classifications. We conducted a review of the Terminologia Anatomica and the literature in articles and texts. Then, we translated both terms etymologically from the Greek to obtain our proposal in Latin, Nanismus dentarius for microdontia and Gigantismus dentarius for macrodontia and their subsequent translations into English and Spanish. We consider it necessary to eliminate relative generalized size anomalies as they are an alteration in the size of the dental arches and not the dental structure itself. We can conclude that there are still many terms that are incorrectly named according to etymology and language, which is why further analysis is needed to make changes and with them a real contribution to morphological sciences.
Introducción: Los dientes supernumerarios, son reconocidos como una patología derivada de una desviación embriológica del órgano dentario, su etiología se debe a la hiperactividad de la lámina dental, y la hiperplasia de otras organizaciones epiteliales, produciendo una evaginación y proliferación de la capa externa de la vaina epitelial, formando un órgano paradentario supernumerario normal o minúsculo. Objetivo: analizar detalladamente la etiología, tratamiento y características de los dientes supernumerarios. Metodología: en esta revisión bibliográfica se analiza tanto, su ubicación e identificación que llegan a ser muy complejas, en especial en las denticiones mixtas, donde es esencial su diferenciación con los elementos erupcionados y los gérmenes dentarios en desarrollo de erupción, razón por la cual la presente investigación se enfocara en analizar causas y tratamientos en la alteración del desarrollo de dientes supernumerarios, anomalía que afecta a su funcionalidad y estética, presentándose con una frecuencia del 90% en el maxilar superior. Conclusión: los dientes supernumerarios son una anomalía cuya etiología es incierta pero vinculado a la alteración de la odontogénesis e hiperactividad de la lámina dental, su diagnóstico requiere varias evaluaciones clínicas, radiográfica y tomográfica, depende mucho de su clasificación que incluye, ubicación, erupción, número y morfología siendo su tratamiento más común la extracción. Área de estudio general: Odontología. Área de estudio específica: Anomalías dentarias. Tipo de estudio: revisión bibliográfica.
Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y distribución de las anomalías de forma y de número en dentición temporal. Material y Métodos: Estudio retro-prolectivo, transversal y descriptivo. Muestreo probabilístico por conveniencia estratificado por género. Se revisaron 1568 expedientes de pacientes que acudieron a la Clínica de Estomatología Pediátrica de la FEBUAP, durante el periodo 2012 a 2014, se incluyeron 720 expedientes (321 niñas y 399 niños) de 1 a 10 años, que presentaron estudios radiográficos completos, nítidos, con presencia de anomalías de forma o número, el estudio fue dividido en pacientes activos e inactivos. Para los inactivos se tomaron fotografías de las radiografías con presencia de anomalías de forma y/o número. En el caso de los activos, se realizó una entrevista con alguno de los padres , se solicitó autorización bajo consentimiento informado, asentimiento por parte del niño para realizar la exploración clínica y la toma de Anomalías de forma y número en dentición temporal en una población Mexicana fotografías intraorales. Resultados: En total 63 niños tuvieron anomalías (17 niñas y 46 niños). La prevalencia total de las anomalías dentarias fue de 9%, de los cuales el 3,1% fueron (dientes fusionados y geminados), 1,1% (agenesias) y 1,9% (supernumerarios), 1,3% (raíces supernumerarias), 0,27% (macrodoncia), 0,11% (microdoncia) y finalmente el 0,27% correspondió a (talón cuspídeo). Conclusiones: A pesar de que la prevalencia de estas anomalías no es alta, es importante el examen radiográfico de rutina para realizar un diagnóstico temprano y así aplicar las medidas preventivas correctas, para establecer el mejor plan de tratamiento. Palabras clave: Dentición temporal, anomalías dentarias.
Introduction: Supernumerary anterior teeth are a frequent cause of alterations in the erup- tion of permanent teeth. These alterationes can be minimized if the removal of the supernumerary is done at the right moment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate alterations in permanent teeth and the influence of the age of the patient on the evolution. Material and methods: 125 pedia- tric patients who presented unerupted supernumerary anterior teeth were studied during the period 1994 - 2000. The factors analized were the patients age, characteristics of the supernumerary teeth and alterations in the eruption of permanent teeth, as well as post-surgical evolution. Results: The mean age was 9,9 years. 77% of the study population were male. In 69,6% of the cases, eruptive alte- rations in permanent teeth were seen. Of this group, after surgery, 41,4% erupted spontaneously, 11,5% erupted ectopically and 47,1% did not erupt at all. When relating the age of the patient to the failure of eruption, there was a statistically significant relationship. The patients treated before age 9, had favourable results. Conclusions: The presence of unerupted anterior supernumerary teeth is asso- ciated with eruptive alterations on permanent teeth. The age of the patient at the time of treatment influences the evolution of the permanent teeth.
Dens in dente, also known as dens invaginatus and dilated compound odontoma, is a malformation that can occur on primary, permanent, or supernumerary teeth that is characterized by a deep invagination of the surface of a crown or root covered with enamel. This abnormality in tooth morphology generally affect the maxillary lateral incisors but several cases of multiple dens invaginatus have been reported in the literature. A 15 year-old female patient is reported here presenting five dens invaginatus: four in the permanent mandibular incisors and one in the permanent, maxillary left central incisor, additionally the following dental findings were observed: a permanent mandibular left mulberry molar, molarization of some premolars, several microdontic conoid teeth, retention of five primary teeth, absence of several permanent teeth germs, a macrodontic molar with abnormal roots and several periapical radiolucencies associated to the dens invaginatus. There was no family history of similar dental findings to those observed in the patient. There are several genes that participate in the development of teeth, of those, the following five genes could be implicated as responsible or co-participators for some of the dental anomalies present in this patient: MSX1 (Muscle segment homeobox 1), DLX1 & DLX2 (Distal-less homeobox 1 & 2 genes), PAX9 (Paired box gene) and PITX2 (Pituitary homeobox transciption factor 2).
Concomitant presence of a supernumerary tooth in the primary dentition and another supernumerary tooth associated with permanent tooth in the same location is an uncommon condition. Presence of supernumerary tooth in the primary dentition itself is a rare phenomenon. Presented here, is the first such case of simultaneous presence of supernumerary tooth in primary and permanent maxillary lateral incisor region.
Most reported cases of talon cusps in the primary dentition have been on the maxillary central incisors and the permanent successors have remained unaffected. Four of the five reported cases on a maxillary lateral incisor, however, have been associated with a supernumerary permanent successor.
This paper describes the relationship between the presence of talon cusps on a primary maxillary incisor, and the morphology and number of the permanent successors in a population of Chinese children.
The dental records of children diagnosed with a talon cusp on a primary incisor were retrieved for review. The diagnoses took place in a regional school dental clinic in Hong Kong between April 2002 and August 2005.
Fifty-eight primary maxillary incisors with talon cusps were found. When the central incisors were involved, 32 of the 35 (91.4%) underlying permanent successors were not found to be associated with any odontogenic abnormalities. When the lateral incisors were involved, however, 18 of the 23 cases (78.3%) showed odontogenic abnormalities, 14 of which were associated with supernumerary teeth.
The present study shows that, when there is a talon cusp on a primary maxillary lateral incisor, a high proportion of the underlying permanent successors can be expected to exhibit odontogenic abnormalities.
La fusión dental es una anomalía dentaria que consiste en la unión embriológica o en fases pre-eruptivas de dos o más gérmenes dentarios adyacentes por medio de dentina con el resultado de un diente único. Se presentan siete casos clínicos de fusiones dentarias, y se revisa el diagnóstico diferencial, las formas clínicas y el plan de tratamiento.
To investigate the relationship between morphology and position of double teeth, and the occurrence of other dental anomalies in the same subjects and in their siblings. SAMPLE OF CHILDREN AND METHODS: Fifty-three double teeth in a group of 50 Spanish children were included in the study. All of these children were examined clinically and had radiographs and photographs taken at the time of examination. Twenty-two of the children had a total of 30 siblings who were also examined for the presence of anomalies.
Of the 50 subjects, 47 had one and three subjects had two double teeth. Statistically there were no significant differences in occurrence between boys and girls, left and right sides or between maxilla and mandible. Four morphological types were identified: type I, bifid crown-single root; type II, large crown-large root; type III, two fused crowns-single root; type IV, two fused crowns-two fused roots. Type I was seen only in the maxilla and types II and III only in the mandible. Type IV was seen mostly in the maxilla. More than half of the cases showed associated anomalies in the permanent dentition and anomalies of number or shape were also present in six of the siblings.
It is suggested that both double teeth and other anomalies in the same children or in their siblings may be manifestations of a primary abnormality in the distribution of dental material.
To establish the prevalence of numerical and morphological variations of permanent teeth in Swedish 7-year-olds and to accept or reject the hypothesis of a higher prevalence for these conditions in northern Sweden compared to other areas.
Cross-sectional.
Department of Odontology/Pedodontics, Umeå University, Sweden.
A total of 739 healthy Caucasian 7-year-olds residing in the city of Umeå, northern Sweden in 1976. The children were examined clinically and radiographically.
The prevalence of hypodontia (excluding third molars) in girls was 8.4%, in boys 6.5%, and in both sexes combined 7.4%. Of the children with hypodontia, the majority (90.9%) lacked one or two teeth. Lower second premolars were the teeth most frequently missing. The prevalence of hyperdontia was 1.9%; 11 girls and three boys were affected; 78% of the supernumerary teeth were mesiodenses. Of the morphological variations, peg-shaped upper lateral incisors were found in 0.8% of the children, double-formation (gemination) in 0.3%, taurodontism in 0.3% and dens invaginatus in 6.8%. One diagnosis was found in 18% of the children, and in almost 8% of them more than one diagnosis was found.
The results agree with those obtained in similar populations and are considered representative of this ethnic group. The hypothesis of a genetically determined higher prevalence of numerical and morphological variations in the study population was not verified.
Differential growth of the epithelial diaphragm is needed for the formation of multiple roots in the primary and permanent dentitions. In most instances, the mandibular premolars possess a single root. It is a very unusual event to find a case of bilateral multi-rooted first and second mandibular premolars. This paper presents such a case.