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Antioxidant activity of combination of Grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) on free radical scavenging in vitro models
Abstract
The present study was aimed at investigating the dose dependent free radical scavenging activity of combination of Grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) using different in vitro models. In vitro antioxidant activity was measured by two methods, 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and [2,2-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] (ABTS) radical scavenging assay. Various concentrations of combination of Grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) dissolved in methanol (1.56-250µg/ml) were used. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard drug. Methanol and water were served as blank. In DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, the IC50 values were 74.70μg/ml and 23.66μg/ml respectively. In both the methods a significant correlation existed between concentrations of combination of Grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) and percentage inhibition of free radicals. The results obtained in this study indicate that the combination of Grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) is a potential source of natural antioxidant.
... One of the studies suggests that flavonoids possess antioxidant properties and have been shown to be potent inhibitors of LDL oxidation in vitro [9]. We had reported combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets for its strong in vitro, in vivo antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-cataractogenic potential [10][11][12][13][14]. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (Nutritional food supplement) on lipid profile in normal and diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. ...
... Thus, the combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) can be a better add-on/substitute drug for statins in hyperlipidemic conditions. Earlier, we had reported combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets for its strong in vitro, in vivo antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-cataractogenic potential [10][11][12][13][14]. A recent study has shown that a combination of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and niacin-bound chromium can decrease total cholesterol, LDL and oxidized LDL level in hypercholesterolemic human subjects [9]. ...
... There is increased evidence for the participation of free radicals in the etiology of various diseases like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, hepatic, neuro-degenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, aging etc [1]. Oxidation processes are one of the most important routes for producing free radicals in food, drugs and even living systems [2]. ...
... Magnesium inhibits Malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in endothelial cells and low Magnesium oxide induced lipid peroxidation [13]. In previous studies, we found the strong in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of the combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets [1,14]. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate effects of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (Nutritional food supplement) on enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidant biochemical parameters and liver architecture against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. ...
... One of the studies suggests that flavonoids possess antioxidant properties and have been shown to be potent inhibitors of LDL oxidation in vitro [9]. We had reported combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets for its strong in vitro, in vivo antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-cataractogenic potential [10][11][12][13][14]. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (Nutritional food supplement) on lipid profile in normal and diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. ...
... Thus, the combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) can be a better add-on/substitute drug for statins in hyperlipidemic conditions. Earlier, we had reported combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets for its strong in vitro, in vivo antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-cataractogenic potential [10][11][12][13][14]. A recent study has shown that a combination of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract and niacin-bound chromium can decrease total cholesterol, LDL and oxidized LDL level in hypercholesterolemic human subjects [9]. ...
Zincovit tablet is combination of grape seed extract and zinc containing multivitamin-mineral nutritional food supplement.
To investigate the influence of single combined formulation of grape seed extract and zinc containing multivitamin-mineral nutritional food supplement tablets (Zincovit) on lipid profile in normal and diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats.
Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets doses ranged from 40 to 160 mg/kg, p.o. was evaluated in normal and diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats.
Hypercholesterolemic animals treated with combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) at 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg exhibited drastic decrease in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C and rise of HDL-C in comparison to hypercholesterolemic control group animals. The anti-hyperlipidemic effect of single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablet was comparable with the standard drug atorvastatin treated animals and the variations were statistically non-significant. There was no significant impact of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets on lipid profile among normal animals in comparison with normal control group.
The present study demonstrated that the single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablet is the potential functional nutritional food supplements that could offer a novel therapeutic opportunity against diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in Wistar rats.
... There is increased evidence for the participation of free radicals in the etiology of various diseases like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, hepatic, neuro-degenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, aging etc [1]. Oxidation processes are one of the most important routes for producing free radicals in food, drugs and even living systems [2]. ...
... Magnesium inhibits Malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in endothelial cells and low Magnesium oxide induced lipid peroxidation [13]. In previous studies, we found the strong in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of the combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets [1,14]. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate effects of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (Nutritional food supplement) on enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidant biochemical parameters and liver architecture against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. ...
Objective: Current study was designed to investigate in vitro erythrocyte membrane stabilizing activity and in vivo antioxidant potential of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Methods: Erythrocyte membrane stabilizing activity was assessed by hypotonic solution-induced rabbit erythrocyte haemolysis. All the rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride were treated with combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (40mg/kg, 80mg/kg and 160mg/kg; p.o) for 7 days except the toxic and positive control group. The extent of carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress was studied by enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidant parameters and liver histopathology in experimental rats. Results: Combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets showed 97.37%
inhibition of hemolysis at the concentration of 1mg/ml. Rats treated with this test drug had significant antioxidant potential in comparison with toxic control group. The hepatic architecture of toxic control rats was found to acquire near-normalcy in Zincovit treated rats. Conclusions: Single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets may be of great value in oxidative stress associated complications of human
subjects as nutritional food supplement.
... Earlier, we had reported the antioxidant potential of combined formulation of grape seed extract and ZVT tablets. 5,6 Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant potential of ZVT syrup against CCl 4 intoxicated Wistar rats. ...
... Zincovit drop releases a stream of anti-oxidant benefits. In previous studies, we had reported the hepatoprotective potential of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets [7,8] . Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect Zincovit drop against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in Wistar rats. ...
... Earlier we had reported combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets for its strong in vitro, in vivo antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-cataractogenic potential [9][10][11][12][13]. In one of the study, it has been reported that myocardium of rats fed proanthocyanidins was more resistant to injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion than was the myocardium of untreated control rats. ...
... Vitamin C acts in the hydrophilic milieu, scavenging reactive oxygen species, zinc located in the interphase of the bilayer prevents iron or copper binding to the membrane and alpha-tocopherol in the hydrophobic domains of the bilayer inhibits the lipid oxidation free-radical chain reaction (14). Magnesium inhibits Malondialdehyde (Mda) formation in endothelial cells and low Magnesium oxide induced lipid peroxidation (14). in previous study, we found the strong in vitro antioxidant potential of the combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (15). therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate effects of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) against sodium selenite induced cataract in Wistar rat pups. ...
... Earlier, we had reported the antioxidant potential of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets where flaxseed oil and lysine were not the ingredients. 10,11 Henceforth, the aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of Zincovit drop on oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in Wistar rats. ...
... In previous studies, we had reported combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets for its strong in vitro, in vivo antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-cataractogenic potential [16][17][18][19]. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) against carbon tetrachloride induced-hepatic injury in Wistar rats. ...
... Seed substances regulate the concentration of blood glucose and cholesterol, inhibit synthesis of histamine and correspondingly revealanti-allergic effect. In addition, they have a positive impact on blood flow, help in regenerating tissues and defending organism against oxidative damage (Satyam & Bairy, 2014); slow down the aging of skin, positively affect memory and vision, possess antiviral (Ali, 2002) and anti-inflammatory effects (Joshi et al., 2002); They have anticancer properties and impede the multiplication of tumor cells (Hemmeti et al., 2015). ...
To establish the possibility of application in cosmetology, industry of biologically active additives (BAA) or for other reasonscontent of tocopherol, total phenols, anthocyanins, proline, total proteins, soluble carbohydrates and also total antioxidant activity was studied both in unfermented and fermented seeds of two species of grape vine -Vitis vinifera L. (Georgian varieties Rkatsiteli, and Saperavi) and V. labrusca var. izabella, and in fermented and unfermented berry skin of Rkatsiteli, and Saperavi as well using spectrophotometrical methods. It was revealed that some amount of the studied substances remained in residues of wine making industry (both in seeds and berry skin).Thus there is a possibility of their further processing and application.
... Zincovit drop releases a stream of anti-oxidant benefits. In previous studies, we had reported the hepatoprotective potential of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets [7, 8] . Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect Zincovit drop against carbon tetrachloride induced liver damage in Wistar rats. ...
The present study was aimed to investigate hepatoprotective activity of Zincovit drop on the CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering CCl4 (1 ml/kg body weight; 1:1 CCl4 and olive oil). Zincovit drop at three different doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, orally) were administered to the respective group of Wistar rats. Reference drug silymarin (50 mg/kg/day, orally) was given to one group of rats. The treatment duration was seven days. Biochemical parameters like serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin were estimated to assess the liver function. Histopathological examination of liver sections was also investigated. Oral treatment with Zincovit drop reversed CCl4-induced alterations in serum aspartate transaminase (p<0.01) compared to untreated hepatotoxic control animals. In comparison with carbon tetrachloride induced
hepatotoxic control group serum total bilirubin level was significantly decreased among Zincovit drop treated animals at all the three doses 25 mg/kg (p<0.05), 50 mg/kg (p<0.01) and 100 mg/kg (p<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in aspartate transaminase (AST) level in hepatotoxic rats treated with 50 mg/kg of Zincovit drop when compared with silymarin 50 mg/kg/day) treated hepatotoxic rats (p<0.05). Profound fatty degeneration, fibrosis, and necrosis observed in the hepatic architecture of CCl4 intoxicated control animals were found to be normal in the animals treated with Zincovit drop. The present findings support a hepatoprotective potential of Zincovit drop against CCl4 induced liver injury in rats.
... Earlier, we had reported the antioxidant potential of combined formulation of grape seed extract and ZVT tablets. 5,6 Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant potential of ZVT syrup against CCl 4 intoxicated Wistar rats. ...
Background: Zincovit (ZVT) syrup is a combined formulation of vitamins, minerals and lysine. The present study was aimed to investigate the in vivo antioxidant potential of ZVT syrup in carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) intoxicated Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 36 Wistar rats were divided into six groups of six rats each. Antioxidant potential of ZVT syrup at the dose of 15 mg/kg/day, 30 mg/kg/day and 60 mg/kg/day was evaluated in CCl 4 intoxicated rats. The extent of CCl 4 induced oxidative stress was studied by estimating malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT). Results: Oral treatment with ZVT syrup, especially at the dose of 30 mg/kg/day and 60 mg/kg/day reversed CCl 4 - induced alterations in MDA (p<0.05), GST (p<0.01) and CAT (p<0.01) compared to CCl 4 intoxicated control (untreated) animals. Conclusion: The present findings revealed that ZVT syrup may be useful in oxidative stress associated tissue damage as a nutritional food supplement.
... Earlier we had reported combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets for its strong in vitro, in vivo antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-cataractogenic potential [9][10][11][12][13]. In one of the study, it has been reported that myocardium of rats fed proanthocyanidins was more resistant to injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion than was the myocardium of untreated control rats. ...
Zincovit tablets have been used as nutritional food supplement over a prolonged period of time. In previous studies, we had reported combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets for its strong in-vitro, in-vivo antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-cataractogenic potential. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the cardio-protective effect of single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets using a Langendorff model of ischemia-reperfusion in Wistar rats. Combined
formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets significantly attenuated ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac injury in terms of increased coronary flow rate, decreased creatine kinase activity in coronary effluent, decreased MDA, 4-HNE and increased protein thiol content in heart tissue homogenate. The present study revealed that the combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablet is the potential functional nutritional food supplements that could offer a novel therapeutic opportunity against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in Wistar rats.
... In previous studies, we had reported combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets for its strong in vitro, in vivo antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-cataractogenic potential [16][17][18][19]. Consequently, the aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food supplement) against carbon tetrachloride induced-hepatic injury in Wistar rats. ...
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is principally a disease of middle and old
age. In previous studies, we have reported combined formulation of grape seed extract
and Zincovit tablets for its strong in vitro, in vivo antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic and
anti-cataractogenic potential.
Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of
single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (nutritional food
supplement) against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in Wistar rats.
Methods: Hepatoprotective activity of combined formulation of grape seed extract and
Zincovit tablets doses ranged from 40 to 160 mg/kg was evaluated in carbon tetrachloride
induced hepatotoxic rats.
Results: Oral administration of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit
tablets for 7 days resulted in a significant reduction in serum alanine transaminase,
aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin and direct (conjugated) bilirubin levels when
compared with CCl4 intoxicated control rats (p <0.001). Profound fatty degeneration,
fibrosis, and necrosis observed in the hepatic architecture of CCl4 intoxicated control
animals were found to acquire near-normalcy in the animals treated with combined
formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets.
Conclusions: Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies which could improve the
clinical outcome of elderly patients prone to hepatic impairment either due to age or other
concomitant drugs therapy, a novel view likely to give rise to the performance of clinical
trials devised to demonstrate the validity of this paradigm as nutritional food supplement.
... Magnesium inhibits Malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in endothelial cells and low Magnesium oxide induced lipid peroxidation (14). In previous study, we found the strong in vitro antioxidant potential of the combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (15). Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate effects of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (Nutritional food supplement) against sodium selenite induced cataract in Wistar rat pups. ...
Objective
To study possible inhibition of oxidative stress and cataract formation by single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets against sodium selenite-induced age-related cataract in Wistar rat pups.
Methods
Oxidative stress and consequent cataract formation was induced by subcutaneous administration of a single dose of sodium selenite (10 μmoles/kg) to Wistar rat pups on day 7 post-natally. In experiments designed to inhibit such cataract formation, the pups were pre-treated subcutaneously with combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg), one day prior to the administration of selenite and continuing such treatment till day 20, when the experiments were terminated. The extent of tissue damage caused by the selenite was assessed biochemically by measurements of the levels of reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, protein thiol, catalase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, aldose reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphate in the isolated lenses. Cataract formation and its prevention were monitored by examining the eye with pen light illumination and subsequent photography of the isolated lenses.
Results
Injection of selenite led to a significant loss of lens clarity due to cataract formation. In the group treated with combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets, the formation of cataract was significantly prevented. In the normal and selenite induced senile cataract control group, the levels of lens oxidative stress markers, G6PD and ATP were substantially lower than in the grape seed extract with Zincovit tablets treated group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Over all, the results suggest that single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets may offer a prophylactic measure against onset and progression of age-related cataract of human subjects as nutritional food supplement.
Prevention of hyperglycemia and enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanisms remain major goals in the treatment of diabetic cataract. Earlier, we reported strong anti-hyperglycemic and in vitro antioxidant potential of the combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the effects of a combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets against streptozocin-induced diabetic cataracts in Wistar rats. Adult Wistar rats were selected and diabetes was induced by streptozocin (35 mg/kg, i.p) and divided into four groups (group II-V). The normal control (group I) and streptozocin-induced diabetic cataract control rats received only vehicle. Groups III, IV, and V animals received orally 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg of combined formulation of Zincovit tablets with grape seed extract respectively for a period of 150 days. The biochemical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cataracts such as oxidative stress, polyol pathway, and alterations in adenosine triphosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and blood glucose were investigated, to understand the possible mechanism of action of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets. Rats treated with the combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets delayed the progression of diabetic cataracts as well as it showed significant alterations in oxidative stress markers along with blood glucose, aldose reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and adenosine triphosphate level in the lens. Overall, the results suggest that a single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets may be of great value in delaying diabetic cataracts of human subjects as a nutritional food supplement.
Zincovit drop is a combined formulation of multivitamins-minerals, flax seed oil and lysine. This study has focused on the in vivo antioxidant potential of Zincovit drop against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in rats. Rats divided into six groups containing six rats in each group. Zincovit drop at the dose of 25 mg/kg/day, 50 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day was investigated in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Biochemical analysis of malondialdehyde, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase in liver tissue was performed. Oral treatment with Zincovit drop mostly at all the three doses 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg/day for 7 days reversed CCl4-induced alterations in malondialdehyde (p<0.01), glutathione-S- (p<0.001) and catalase (p<0.05) compared to carbon tetrachloride intoxicated control (untreated) animals. The present study demonstrated that Zincovit drop may be of great importance in oxidative stress associated diseases as nutritional food supplement.
Prevention of hyperglycemia and enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanisms remain major goals in the treatment of diabetic cataract. Earlier, we reported strong anti-hyperglycemic and in vitro antioxidant potential of the combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate effects of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets against streptozocin-induced diabetic cataract in Wistar rats. Adult Wistar rats were selected and diabetes was induced by streptozocin (35 mg/kg, i.p) and divided into four groups (group II-V). The normal control (group I) and streptozocin-induced diabetic cataract control rats received only vehicle. Groups III, IV and V animals received orally 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg of combined formulation of Zincovit tablets with grape seed extract respectively for a period of 150 days. The biochemical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cataract such as oxidative stress, polyol pathway and alterations in adenosine triphosphate, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and blood glucose were investigated, to understand the possible mechanism of action of combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets. Rats treated with combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets delayed the progression of diabetic cataract as well as it showed significant alterations in oxidative stress markers along with blood glucose, aldose reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphate level in lens. Over all, the results suggest that single combined formulation of grape seed extract and Zincovit tablets may be of great value in delaying diabetic cataract of human subjects as nutritional food supplement.
To evaluate the effects of the combination of crude extract from the leaves of Aegle marmelos and seeds of Tamarindus indica on blood glucose and serum lipid level in normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of Streptozocin dissolved in 0.1 M cold sodium citrate buffer, pH 4.5, at a dose of 35 mg/kg and maintained on ice prior to use. A mixture of crude extract by oral gavage at the dose of 350mg/kg, 700mg/kg and 1400mg/kg per day for 45 days. A significant diminution of fasting blood sugar level from 7 days onwards as compared to diabetic control and glibenclamide treated rats but there was no significant difference among normal rats. Continuous supplementation of this extract for 45 days resulted significant decrease of serum triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and elevation of HDL cholesterol level in treatment group with respect to control group. Results clearly suggest that, this crude test drug combination has enormous antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic value. Moreover, it is very important to elucidate the phytochemical compounds responsible for these activities and the specific mechanism for its antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect.
Objective of the present work was to evaluate ethanolic extract of Leucas ciliataleaves for possible antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential. Antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by using Diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, Nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging, Iron chelation and Reducing power methods. Hepatoprotective activity of the extract was evaluated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage model in rats. The extract demonstrated a significant dose dependent antioxidant activity comparable with ascorbic acid. In hepatoprotective activity study, CCl4 significantly increased the levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin. Pretreatment of the rats with ethanolic extract of L. ciliata(100, 200 and 400mg/kg po) inhibited the increase in serum levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP and total bilirubin and the inhibition was comparable with silymarin (100mg/kg po). The present study revealed that L. ciliataleaves have significant radical scavenging and hepatoprotective activity.
The present study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant activities of the hydromethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera (HEPD) fruit (Arecaceae). The antioxidant activities of extract have been evaluated by using a range of in vitro assays and in vivo hepatoprotective model. In case of in vitro studies the IC 50 values were found to be 160, 1400, 1115, 1050 μg/ml in DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, respectively. In case of in vivo studies the levels of liver enzymatic, non-enzymatic systems [serum glutamate oxalo-acetate transaminases (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, total protein, catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD)] and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were restored towards the normal value in HEPD treated carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. The free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities may be attributed to the presence of phenolic (pyrocatechol and gallic acid contents are 6.2 and 2.906 μg/mg, respectively), vitamin C (ascorbic acid content is 0.66 μg/mg) and flavonoid compounds (4.79 μg/mg) present in HEPD. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the Phoenix dactylifera fruit is a potential source of natural antioxidant.
The present study was designed to assess the effect of magnesium plus zinc, vitamins C plus E, and a combination of these micronutrients on nephropathy indexes in type 2 diabetic patients.
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 69 type 2 diabetic patients were randomly divided into four groups, each group receiving one of the following daily supplement for 3 months: group M (n = 16), 200 mg Mg and 30 mg Zn; group V (n = 18), 200 mg vitamin C and 100 IU vitamin E; group MV (n = 17), minerals plus vitamins; and group P (n = 18), placebo. Urinary albumin excretion and N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase activity (NAG) in urine were determined at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Treatment effects were analyzed by general linear modeling.
Results indicate that after 3 months of supplementation, levels of urinary albumin excretion decreased in the V and MV groups (P = 0.034 and P = 0.005, respectively). Urinary NAG activity did not significantly change in any treatment groups. Levels of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure significantly decreased in the MV group (P = 0.008, P = 0.017, and P = 0.009, respectively). Also, combination of vitamin and mineral supplementation had significant effects in decreasing fasting serum glucose (P = 0.035) and malondialdehyde concentrations (P = 0.004) and in increasing HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 levels (P = 0.019). There was no significant change in the levels of these parameters in the other three groups.
In conclusion, the results of the present study provide evidence for the effects of vitamins C and E and also combination of magnesium, zinc, and vitamins C and E supplementation on improvement of glomerular but not tubular renal function in type 2 diabetic patients.