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Evaluation of aphrodisiac effect of vanillin in male wistar rats
Abstract
Introduction: Vanillin is one of the primary chemical components of the vanilla bean (Vanilla planifolia). An aphrodisiac is defined as any food or drug that arouses the sexual instinct, induces venereal desire and increases sexual pleasure and performance. Unpublished data claim that vanillin, taken under proper guidance, can help relieve problems of impotence, erectile dysfunction, frigidity, loss of libido and promotes arousal. Hence this study was conducted to study the potential aphrodisiac effects of vanillin in rats. Methods: Twenty four male rats were divided into four groups which received vehicle, vanillin 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day and 400 mg/kg/day orally, respectively. Female rats were brought to oestrous cycle by the sequential administration of estrogen (10 μg/100 g) and progesterone (0.5 mg/100 g) through intraperitoneal injections, 48 hours and 4 hours (respectively) prior to pairing with the male on day 1 to study the acute effects and on day10 to study the sub-chronic effects. Sexual behaviors were observed for three hours. Serum testosterone levels were estimated. The data was analyzed using one way ANOVA followed by posthoc tests. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the mount frequency and intromission frequency compared to control following both acute and chronic treatment with vanillin (200 mg/kg). The mount latency, intromission latency, ejaculation latency and post-ejaculatory interval decreased in the vanillin treated groups especially at 200 mg/kg. There was no significant difference in the serum testosterone levels among the groups. Conclusion: Vanillin in the dose of 200 mg/kg demonstrated aphrodisiac properties in male wistar rats.
... Les substances aphrodisiaques sont répertoriées en trois catégories (Maskeri et al., 2012) : Pavlov, rappelant des partenaires sexuels ou de la cuisine [l'étude ayant eu lieu aux Etats-Unis, une telle étude en France où la tarte à la citrouille est peu répandue pourrait en effet sans doute obtenir des résultats différents] ou bien encore par action directe sur le « noyau septal » (Hirsch, 1999). ...
... ). 4.2.1.4.Effet aphrodisiaque de la vanilline(Maskeri et al., 2012) Une étude a été menée sur des rats mâles albinos Wistar à l'Université de Manipal en Inde.L'évaluation est pratiquée sur 24 rats répartis en quatre groupes. Des doses de vanilline croissante : 100, 200 et 400mg/kg/jour sont administrées oralement. ...
La vanille, liane appartenant à la famille des Orchidaceae, est une épice connue et grandement utilisée. La préparation des fruits, de leur culture à leur séchage, demande beaucoup d'attention afin d'éviter les contaminations, d'obtenir de bon rendement et surtout de bonne qualité. Nos ancêtres utilisaient la vanille notamment comme digestif, aphrodisiaque, désinfectant. Des études pharmacologiques ont montré que la vanille, notamment grâce à son composant aromatique majeur, la vanilline, présentait effectivement certaines qualités comme antibactérien, antioxydant, antimitotique, et un certain pouvoir apaisant. Cette action apaisante constitue notamment pour les bébés prématurés une solution naturelle et saine à un problème de taille : l'apnée du sommeil. Cette épice était utilisée depuis les Aztèques comme aromatisant du chocolat, l'aidant ainsi à être plus digeste. Cette utilisation perdure de nos jours : elle est utilisée comme aromatisant des médicaments, des compléments alimentaires mais aussi et surtout dans l'alimentation. Comme arôme, nous observons aussi l'utilisation d'une substance synthétique dérivée, l'éthylvanilline, plus stable et moins onéreuse que l'extrait de vanille ou la vanilline naturelle. Cette molécule ne présenterait apparemment pas les mêmes propriétés pharmacologiques que la vanilline. Depuis 1960, une molécule, dérivée de la vanilline, le cyclovalone est commercialisée. Les avancées majeures en thérapeutique semblent encore à venir, avec notamment une étude en cours d'un dérivé de la vanilline, mieux assimilable dans l'organisme que celle-ci, pouvant permettre de lutter contre la drépanocytose.
... The major phytochemicals of vanilla pod are vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, vanillic acid, p-hydroxbenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzylalcohol etc. (Cicchetti and Chaintreau 2009), which possess several pharmacological actions such as antimicrobial, sedative, antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and aphrodisiac properties. It also provides anti-aging skin benefits, acts against microbial infections, and mutations in cells (Maskeri et al. 2012;Rastogi and Bhatia 2019). ...
An advanced micropropagation protocol has been developed for the global spice crop Vanilla planifolia using meta-topolin [mT, 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino) purine] for the first time. Among the two types of cytokinins [mT and BAP (6-benzylaminopurine)] experimented, healthy shoot development and growth in terms of shoot numbers (5.0 ± 0.20/explant) with shoot length (4.3 ± 0.17 cm) were noted on agar-gelled Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 mT. The regenerated shoots were multiplied in liquid medium using the continuous shake-flask culture method in an incubator shaker. The liquid MS medium containing 0.5 mg L−1 mT + 0.25 mg L−1 α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) agitated at 60 rpm resulted in the production of 62.0 ± 0.31 shoots (3.8 ± 0.11 cm length) per explants per culture vessel after 3rd subculture, and this is the best rate of shoot proliferation among the prevailing reports on V. planifolia. Further, the transverse sections of the leaves revealed that the mT medium derived leaves were physically sturdy and physiologically more active with developed anatomical parameters, such as higher proportions of palisade and spongy parenchyma tissue, xylem and phloem elements, and abundant chloroplasts than the shoots raised on BAP. The leaves collected from the shoots of mT containing medium possessed the higher amount of chlorophylls (380.0 μg g−1 fresh weight) and carotenoids (52.0 μg g−1 fresh weight) under in vitro conditions. The concurrent ex vitro rooting and acclimatization method has been adopted to reduce the cost and time in large scale cloning of V. planifolia. All the shoots (100%) were rooted in soilrite™, when pulse treated with 100 mg L−1 NAA for 4 min. The ex vitro rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized in a greenhouse. The regenerated clones’ genetic uniformity and stability with the donor plant were tested using Start codon targeted polymorphism and detected no somaclonal variation. All the plantlets were survived in the soil transplantation, confirming the production of genetically, physically, and physiologically stable plantlets of V. planifolia.
... La vainillina presenta potencial afrodisiaco, es decir, como estimulante sexual. Informa acerca de este efecto afrodisiaco demostrado mediante la experimentación in vitro de una raza de ratas, en la que las dosis de 100, 200 y 400 mg/kg presentaron un incremento en los niveles de testosterona, así como se observa una disminución en la latencia de eyaculación y la eyaculación post acto [34][35][36]. ...
En el presente articulo tenemos una revisión bibliográfica enfocada a las especies de la vainillina y glucovainillina, así como su formas de obtención naturales y sintéticas, sus propiedades fisicoquímicas y sus usos en las grandes industrias.
... Vanilla Aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, anti carcinogenic Maskeri et al. (2012) A. Ranjita Devi et al. ...
Spices have fascinating and bewildering range of properties that makes our food tasty, colourful, flavourful, attractive and palatable too. It is never claimed to be nutritious while being an inseparable ingredient of our food. What are, then, so magical and apparently mysterious about spices that make them inseparable from human being throughout the ages? The flavour of spices is due to the presence of some essential oils and the major compounds present in them contribute plethora of unique qualities like imparting colour and taste as well as enhancing preservative powers and storability of foods. The industrial and cosmetic uses of almost all spices make them praiseworthy. Most importantly they have got countless references of having medicinal and therapeutic potentials too. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018.
From the secretly organized chocolate-flavoring condiment of the Aztec emperor, Montezuma, to the ice cream-flavoring aspect of today, Vanilla has excursion centuries been an essential object withinside the spice alternate of the world. Originally Mexican, approximately 90% of the world's 1,000 annual metric heaps of vanilla "beans" come from Madagascar, almost 50% of that are ate up withinside the United States. It can also additionally marvel you to analyse that Vanilla bean pods come from an orchid (which already sounds expensive). In fact, the vanilla orchid (Vanilla planifolia) is the best orchid that produces a suitable for eating fruit, the biggest own circle of relatives of flowering plant life withinside the world. It's a tropical orchid, and there is extra than one hundred fifty types of Vanilla, alevin though best types, Bourbon and Tahitian are used commercially. Vanilla is possibly the world's maximum famous flavor, however much less than 1% of it comes from a completely herbal source, the Vanilla Orchid. To make certain pollination and the pleasant Vanilla bean flavor, every flower on each Orchid is Hand Pollinated. The farmers circulate speedy thru snaking vines, looking for the pale, waxy plant life that bloom simply one morning every year. They use thin, pointed sticks to boost the sensitive membrane that separates the male and woman components of the flower. With thumb and forefinger, they push the segments into every different to make certain pollination. Vanilla grows withinside the 20-diploma band both facet of the Equator and is local to the Americas. The vanilla you already know pleasant, Vanilla planifolia (additionally referred to as fragrans), historically grew wild at the Atlantic Gulf facet of Mexico from Tampico round to the northeast tip of South America, and from Colima, Mexico to Ecuador at the Pacific facet. It additionally grew at some stage in the Caribbean.
Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is a known natural aromatic flavoring agent and the major component of vanilla extracted from cured vanilla pods. Vanillin has several applications in foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, perfumes and cosmetics. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) have recommended vanillin as safe and pose minimum detrimental consequences. Additionally, several studies have reported the pharmacological activities of vanillin including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antisickling, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, aphrodisiac, cardio-protective, diuretic, amongst others. In spite of these interesting reports, the general perception of vanillin has been restricted to its role as a food additive. Therefore, we reviewed the pharmacological activities of vanillin to demonstrate its therapeutic potentials, especially as a component of functional foods. We further highlighted the biosynthesis, toxicity, bioavailability and other applications of the compound. Our review revealed that vanillin holds promising potentials in the prevention and cure of diverse human (metabolic and non-metabolic) diseases and is relatively bioavailable in the systemic circulation that could warrant a clinical trial.
Background
This paper reports a study undertaken in three remote communities (Mahaboboka, Amboronabo, Mikoboka), located in Sakaraha, Southwestern Madagascar. Not only villages are far away from sanitary infrastructures and doctors but drugs and consulting fees are unaffordable to villagers. They rely essentially on natural resources for health care as for most of rural areas in Madagascar. This paper aims to document medicinal plants used by communities in Sakaraha and to present the most important plant species used in traditional medicine. Methods
Semi – structured interview was conducted within 214 informants in 34 villages of the study area. Different ailments encountered in the site study were classified in various categories. For data analysis, frequency of citation (Fq), Informant Consensus Factor (Fic), Fidelity Level (FL) and Use Value (UV) were assessed to find agreement among informants about the use of plants as remedies. Mann-Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests were performed to determine use of medicinal plants following social status of informants. ResultsA total of 235 medicinal plant species belonging to 198 genera and 75 families were inventoried. The richest families in species used for medicinal purposes were: Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, and Poaceae. Plant species cited by informants were used to treat 76 various ailments classified in 13 categories. Leaves and leafy twigs were the most used plant parts and decoction was the mostly cited way of preparation of these medicinal plants species. In average, local people cited 6.7 ± 6.03 medicinal taxa among them, Cedrelopsis grevei is the most cited medicinal plants (Fq. 0.28). With Cedrelopsis grevei (UV = 0.48), Henonia scoparia (UV = 0.43) are mostly used species. Leonotis nepetifolia (FL = 96%) and Strychnos henningsii (FL = 92%) are plant species claimed by high percentage of informants to treat the Digestive System Disorder. Conclusions
This study highlighted that medicinal plants used by people from three communities in the Southwestern Madagascar are diverse. These plants species ensure care to all family members including babies, children, mothers and adult people. Through this study, newly reported medicinal plants were identified for further work.
The plant Vanilla planifolia is a popular orchid species. The main constituent is vanillin which has been used as a flavoring agent in most of the pharmaceutical preparations. In the present study an attempt has been made to illustrate and to provide an insight to the cultivation, phytochemistry, phytochemical analysis, pharmacological actions and commercial uses of this plant.
To study the effect of acute and repeated dose administration of lyophilized aqueous extract of the dried fruits of Tribulus terrestris (LAET) on sexual function in sexually sluggish male albino rats.
Aphrodisiac activity of the test drug was evaluated in terms of exhibited sexual behavior. In order to assess the effect of chronic T. terrestris exposure on the hypothalamus--pituitary--gonadal axis, testosterone level estimation and sperm count were carried out. Twenty-eight-day oral toxicity studies were carried out to evaluate the long-term effects of the LAET administration on different body systems.
A dose-dependent improvement in sexual behavior was observed with the LAET treatment as characterized by an increase in mount frequency, intromission frequency, and penile erection index, as well as a decrease in mount latency, intromission latency, and ejaculatory latency. The enhancement of sexual behavior was more prominent on chronic administration of LAET. Chronic administration of LAET produced a significant increase in serum testosterone levels with no significant effect on the sperm count. No overt body system dysfunctions were observed in 28-day oral toxicity study.
Findings of the present study validate the traditional use of T. terrestris as a sexual enhancer in the management of sexual dysfunction in males.
The morphology, anatomy and histology of mature green vanilla beans were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. Beans have a triangular cross-section with a central cavity containing seeds. Each angle is lined with tubular cells, or papillae, while the cavity sides consist of placental laminae. The epicarp and endocarp are formed by one or two layers of very small cells, while the mesocarp contains large, highly vacuolarized cells, the cytoplasm being restricted to a thin layer along the cell walls. The radial distributions of glucovanillin and beta-glucosidase activity, measured on p-nitrophenyl-beta-glucopyranoside and glucovanillin, are superimposable and show how beta-glucosidase activity increases from the epicarp towards the placental zone, whereas glucovanillin is exclusively located in the placentae and papillae. Subcellular localization of beta-glucosidase activity was achieved by incubating sections of vanilla beans in a buffer containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside as a substrate. Activity was observed in the cytoplasm (and/or the periplasm) of mesocarp and endocarp cells, with a more diffuse pattern observed in the papillae. A possible mechanism for the hydrolysis of glucovanillin and release of the aromatic aglycon vanillin involves the decompartmentation of cytoplasmic (and/or periplasmic) beta-glucosidase and vacuolar glucovanillin.
Editado originalmente bajo el título: The extra pharmacopoeia Incluye índice
Vanillin has been reported to exhibit anti-invasive and antimetastatic activities by suppressing the enzymatic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). However, the underlying mechanism of anti-invasive activity remains unclear so far. Herein we demonstrate that vanillin reduced 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced MMP-9 gelatinolytic activity and suppressed cell invasion through the down-regulation of MMP-9 gene transcription in HepG2 cells. Vanillin significantly reduced the 6.6-fold invasive capacity of HepG2 cells in noncytotoxic concentrations, and this anti-invasive effect was concentration-dependent in the Matrigel invasion assay. Moreover, vanillin significantly suppressed the TPA-induced enzymatic activity of MMP-9 and decreased the induced mRNA level of MMP-9. Analysis of the transcriptional regulation indicated that vanillin suppressed MMP-9 transcription by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity. Western blot further confirmed that vanillin inhibited NF-kappaB activity through the inhibition of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and degradation. In conclusion, vanillin might be a potent antiinvasive agent that suppresses the MMP-9 enzymatic activity via NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
The search for an effective aphrodisiac has been a perennial pursuit of most societies throughout history. In the past decade, attention has focused increasingly on the prosexual effects of oral pharmacological agents with central neurotransmitter actions. The role of various dopaminergic, adrenergic, and serotonergic agents, in particular, has been intensively investigated in both human and animal studies. Some of these drugs have been considered for their potential role in the treatment of sexual dysfunction, while others have contributed to our understanding of basic neurophysiological processes in sexual arousal. This review provides a critical evaluation of current laboratory and clinical research on the "new aphrodisiacs," including studies in both patient populations and normal volunteers. Several conceptual and methodological problems are addressed, such as the definition and measurement of sexual response, the need to separate specific and nonspecific drug effects on sexual response, and the lack of studies in women. Although no single drug has proven to be clinically safe and reliably effective for human use, several promising candidates have been identified. Overall, research on prosexual drugs has contributed significantly to our understanding of basic mechanisms in sexual response, as well as providing new treatment options for common sexual disorders.
The death of a 23-year-old man resulting from digoxin-like toxicity and heart failure was attributed to ingestion of a West Indian aphrodisiac known as "Love Stone." GC/MS analyses identified bufotenine, a controlled substance under both US and New York State statutes. In addition, a series of bufadienolides, namely resibufogenin, bufalin, and cinobufagin, were also identified. Bufadienolides, which are derived from toad venom or secretions, are cardiotonic steroids that cause symptoms similar to digoxin. GC/MS analyses of the Chinese medication "Chan Su," a product derived from toads, produced a highly similar elution profile and contained the same compounds as "Love Stone." The data demonstrate that the aphrodisiac was also derived from toads.
Vanillin, a food flavoring agent, has been reported to show anti-mutagenic activity and to inhibit chemical carcinogenesis. In this study, we examined the effect of vanillin on the growth and metastasis of 4T1 mammary adenocarcinoma cells in BALB/c mice. Mice orally administered with vanillin showed significantly reduced numbers of lung metastasized colonies compared to controls. In vitro studies revealed that vanillin, at concentrations that were not cytotoxic, inhibited invasion and migration of cancer cells and inhibited enzymatic activity of MMP-9 secreted by the cancer cells. Vanillin also showed growth inhibitory effect towards cancer cells in vitro. However, vanillic acid, a major metabolic product of vanillin in human and rat, was not active in these in vitro activity assays. Our findings suggest that vanillin has anti-metastatic potential by decreasing invasiveness of cancer cells. Since vanillin is generally regarded as safe, it may be of value in the development of anti-metastatic drugs for cancer treatment.
Vanillin (VAN) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN) are dietary flavorings that exhibit antimutagenic activity against mutagen-induced and spontaneous mutations in bacteria. Although these compounds were antimutagenic against chromosomal mutations in mammalian cells, they have not been studied for antimutagenesis against spontaneous gene mutations in mammalian cells. Thus, we initiated studies with VAN and CIN in human mismatch repair-deficient (hMLH1(-)) HCT116 colon cancer cells, which exhibit high spontaneous mutation rates (mutations/cell/generation) at the HPRT locus, permitting analysis of antimutagenic effects of agents against spontaneous mutation. Long-term (1-3 weeks) treatment of HCT116 cells with VAN at minimally toxic concentrations (0.5-2.5mM) reduced the spontaneous HPRT mutant fraction (MF, mutants/10(6) survivors) in a concentration-related manner by 19-73%. A similar treatment with CIN at 2.5-7.5microM yielded a 13-56% reduction of the spontaneous MF. Short-term (4-h) treatments also reduced the spontaneous MF by 64% (VAN) and 31% (CIN). To investigate the mechanisms of antimutagenesis, we evaluated the ability of VAN and CIN to induce DNA damage (comet assay) and to alter global gene expression (Affymetrix GeneChip) after 4-h treatments. Both VAN and CIN induced DNA damage in both mismatch repair-proficient (HCT116+chr3) and deficient (HCT116) cells at concentrations that were antimutagenic in HCT116 cells. There were 64 genes whose expression was changed similarly by both VAN and CIN; these included genes related to DNA damage, stress responses, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and cell growth. RT-PCR results paralleled the Affymetrix results for four selected genes (HMOX1, DDIT4, GCLM, and CLK4). Our results show for the first time that VAN and CIN are antimutagenic against spontaneous mutations in mammalian (human) cells. These and other data lead us to propose that VAN and CIN may induce DNA damage that elicits recombinational DNA repair, which reduces spontaneous mutations.
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