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Wissenschaft im Exil: Die Association of Austrian Engineers, Chemists and Scientific Workers in Great Britain
Abstract
Die 1942 als Teilorganisation des Free Austrian Movement gegründete Association of Austrian Engineers, Chemists and Scientific Workers in Great Britain war die größte Exilorganisation der wissenschaftlichen Emigration. Ziel der Association war die Förderung des sozialen Lebens im Exilland, die Stärkung des politischen Ziels eines freien und unabhängigen Österreich sowie Planungen für den Wiederaufbau des wissenschaftlichen Lebens in Österreich nach der Befreiung des Landes.
Karl Przibram is one of the pioneers of early solid state physics in the field of the interdependence of coloration effects and luminescence in solids (crystals, minerals) induced by radiation. In 1921 Przibram discovered the effect of radio-photoluminescence, the light-stimulated phosphorescence in activated crystals induced by gamma rays. In 1926 Przibram was the first to use the term, Farbzentrum (color center, F-center), and in 1923 he advanced the view of atomic centers as carriers of coloration. Being a pupil of Ludwig Boltzmann and Franz S. Exner, he dedicated his early work to condensation and conductivity phenomena in gases and Brownian motion. Under the influence of Stefan Meyer, he began his lifelong interest in mineralogy, setting up his own research group at the Vienna Radium Institute, which pioneered investigations on thermoluminescence and gave a first description of glow curves. Being of Jewish descent, Przibram had to leave Austria after the Nazis took power; he found shelter in Belgium and returned to Austria in 1946 as professor for experimental physics at the University of Vienna. This paper is a first attempt to give an overview of the cultural and scientific background of Przibram’s life and science in context of the cultural and political developments from 1900 to 1950 in Austria.
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