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Exotic ant records from Italy (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

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Abstract

We report records of several exotic ant species in Italy, including the major tramp species Tapinoma melanocephalum (F.), Technomyrmex pallipes (F. Smith), Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nyl.) and Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger).
Boll. Zool. agr. Bachic.
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
Exotic ant records from Italy (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) (*)
Abstract  
Tapinoma melanocephalumTechnomyrmex pallipes (F.
Tetramorium bicarinatumWasmannia auropunctata
Riassunto - Segnalazioni di formiche esotiche per l’Italia (Hymenoptera, Formi-
cidae).

Tapinoma melanocephalumTechnomyrmex pallipesTetramorium
bicarinatumWasmannia auropunctata
Key words
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Linepithema humile
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




 
 Cardiocondyla wroughtoniiParatrechina bourbonicaPheidole
megacephalaTapinoma melanocephalum Technomyrmex albipes (F.
CrematogasterDolichoderus thoracicus (F.
NesomyrmexPheidologeton afnisPheidologeton diversus
Technomyrmex elatior

Camponotus atricepsDracaena
fragrans
Lasius neglectuset al
   

Tapinoma melanocephalum 

Technomyrmex pallipes

Tetramorium bicarinatum

Tetramorium lucayanum

Wasmannia auropunctata 

Species Accounts (+ = 
+Cardiocondyla wroughtonii (Forel)
   Cardiocondyla


+Camponotus atriceps (F. Smith)

+Dolichoderus thoracicus (F. Smith)

Lasius neglectus Van Loon et al. 
   Lasius
neglectus  
et al.


Lasius.
+Paratrechina bourbonica (Forel)
Paratrechina bourbonica
   -

Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)
Pheidole megacephala
                 




+Pheidologeton afnis (Jerdon)
+Pheidologeton diversus (Jerdon)

+Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius) 

T. melanocephalum
et al.
et al.

    
et alet al
et al
et al  
et alet
al
+Technomyrmex albipes (F. Smith) 
+Technomyrmex elatior Forel
et al. 


Lasius neglectusPheidole megacephala
Pheidole megacephalaTapi-
noma melanocephalum
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3
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4

Technomyrmex albipesTetramorium bicarinatum
Wasmannia auropunctata
5 6
7
et al. 


+Technomyrmex pallipes (F. Smith)
T. albipesT. elatior
T. albipes


T. pallipesT. albipes
T. pallipes
Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander)
Tetramorium bicarinatum
T. bicarinatum-


T. guineense

T. guineense
T. bicarinatum
et al
T. caldariumT. lanuginosum

+Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) 









  

Lasius neglectus









Technomyrmex
-
      


BAroni urBAni

BoLtonTetramorium


BoLton B. CardiocondylaLeptothorax
MelissotarsusMessorCataulacus

BoLtonTechnomyrmex

ceBALLoS-

DeKonincK W., WeGnez P., eSPADALer x., GrootAert P 
Tapinoma melanocephalum -


DoniSthorPe j.K

Dorn K., LAnDAu i., cherix DAu i., cherix DTapinoma melanocephalum-


eSPADALer x., eSPejo f., 2002 - Tapinoma melanocephalum

GeDerAASSALVeSenViKen-

.
GóMez K., eSPADALer x
hAGStröM t., jonSSon c., norDAnDer t.

hArriS r., ABBott K., BArton K., Berry j., Don W., GunAWArDAnA D., LeSter P., reeS j.,
StAnLey M., SutherLAnD A., toft r.,
   
.
hoLWAy D.A., LAch L., SuArez A.V., tSutSui n.D., cASe t.j., 

huGeL S., cALLot h., DeLecoLLe j.c



et al. 


jeSPerSenchriStenSen 
   
KLotz j.h., MAnGoLD j.r., VAiL K.M., DAViS L.r., PAtterSon r.S.,


KunASheV M.V., niyAzoVA M.VTapinoma melanocephalum-
   

LiMontA L., coLoMBo M., 2003 - Pheidole megacephalaPheidole nodus
Tetramorium bicarinatum
   
PASSerA L-


PiSArSKy 

rADchenKo A

reyeS j. & eSPADALer x
       
Scheurer S.,Tapinoma melanocephalum-

Seifert BLasius neglectus


ShAh V., PinniGer DTapinoma melano-
cephalum    

SorVAri jTapinoma melanocephalum
-
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Steiner f.M., SchLicK-Steiner B.c., ShöDL S., zetteL h

Stitz  
          

VAn Loon A.j., BooMSMA j.j., AnDrASfALVy A.Lasius 

VierBerGen Technomyrmex albipes -
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Wetterer j.K., Porter S.D.,    Wasmannia auropunctata
 
WiLLiAMS G.cTapinoma melanocephalum F.

WiLLiAMS D.f.    

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WiLSon e.o., tAyLor
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Dr coStAnzA jucKer, renAto reGALin 
  
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Dr fABrizio riGAto


et al. 
... The existing published studies which contain data on exotic ant species in these areas were the main source of data for this study, particularly those which published the first records of certain taxa for a geographic area (Nylander, 1856;Emery, 1869;Korlević, 1886;Mantero, 1908;Forel, 1911;Emery, 1916;Marchal, 1917;Bondroit, 1918;Paoli, 1920;Santschi, 1925;Zimmerman, 1934;Frisque, 1935;Donisthorpe, 1950;Schmitz, 1950;Ceballos, 1956;Bernard, 1968;Espadaler, 1979;Süss, 1979;Acosta & Martinez, 1983;Agosti & Collingwood, 1987;Bolton, 1987;Ortiz & Tinaut, 1987;Kugler, 1988;Poldi et al., 1995;Collingwood & Prince, 1998;Espadaler, 1999;Bračko, 2000;Espadaler & Collingwood, 2000;Seifert, 2000;Espadaler & Espejo, 2002;Seifert, 2003;Reyes & Espadaler, 2005;Aktaç & Kiran, 2006;Galkowski, 2008;Jucker et al., 2008;Ugelviv et al., 2008;Boieiro et al., 2009;Casevitz-Weulersse & Galkowski, 2009;Legakis, 2011;Borowiec & Salata, 2012;Obregón Romero & Reyes López, 2012;Sanchez-Garcia & Espadaler, 2015;Espadaler & Pradera, 2016;Salata et al., 2017;Blatrix et al., 2018;Espadaler et al., 2018;Schifani & Alicata, 2018). Exotic ant species that quickly vanish from the areas where they are introduced are unlikely to have any significant impact on native ecosystems. ...
... Finally, species only recorded at their very first arrival sites (e.g. most of those recorded by Jucker et al., 2008) were not counted, as these introductions are mostly extremely temporary. Antmaps (Janicki et al., 2016) was also often consulted. ...
Article
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Exotic ants have emerged as a relevant topic worldwide because of their remarkable impacts on native ecosystems and human activities. A first regional overview is given on the dozens of exotic ant species recorded in Mediterranean Europe since the end of the 19th century. About 40 exotic ant species, belonging to 17 genera and originating from 5 different biogeographical realms, are currently believed to be established in this region. The genera Nylanderia and Tetramorium are those hosting the larger proportion of species, while the Afrotropical realm is the prevalent source of taxa. According to the available data, France, Greece, Italy and Spain all host a high number of exotic species, which has increased at a dramatic rate during the last decades. On the other hand, Mediterranean countries on the Eastern part of the Adriatic Sea appear to be almost empty of exotic ants, perhaps due to both a lesser number of introductions and a lack of targeted investigations. Neighboring countries of the region do not necessarily have more species in common than those geographically distant. Very little is known on the intra-Mediterranean or intraPalearctic introduction processes which probably occurred prior to the 19th century and on their influence on the current species distribution. The vast majority of the species that are currently established in the region are either restricted to indoor habitats or outdoor anthropogenic habitats, fewer of them were able to colonize semi-natural or natural habitats and very few are recognized as serious pests.
... In Sicily, at least two species were known to be present. These were only known from male specimens, which did not match any known male of the genus and were thus provisionally named as bourbonica (FOREL, 1886) was the only species of the genus known to be present in Italy, where it has only been detected indoors (JUCKER et al. 2008). No species of Nylanderia has been recorded in Sicily before. ...
... 13°18'07''E, 30 m, garden, 12 Aug 2016 Global distribution: T. bicarinatum is a well-known worldwide tramp ant native to the Indo-Pacific region (WETTERER 2009). Its presence was already known in mainland Italy (LIMONTA & COLOMBO 2003, JUCKER et al. 2008, BOROWIEC & SALATA 2015 and recently in Malta (GÓMEZ 2017). ...
Article
Full-text available
As a result of recent collecting efforts and older unpublished data of one of us (AA), 32 ant species (including 2 morphospecies) new to the island of Sicily (Italy) were discovered. Seven of these taxa represent unequivocally exotic entities, whose discovery marks a decisive increase of this component in the local fauna. Among these, two forms of Nylanderia Emery, 1906 are treated as morphospecies because of the problematic taxonomy of the genus. Six taxa among the discovered species are entirely new to the myrmecofauna of Italy. Finally, Tetramorium indocile Santschi, 1927 is reported for the first time as a host for the social parasite Strongylognathus testaceus (Schenck, 1852). The state of the art of the Sicilian myrmecofauna, now counting about 150 species, is commented on.
... Among them, the hymenopterans have been only poorly studied despite their ecological importance, e.g., for the pollination of wild plants and crops as well as for the biological control of many groups of Arthropods. Data on the Hymenoptera from these islands are scanty and scattered in a wide literature, which includes monographs, collection's and taxonomic reviews (Santschi, 1927(Santschi, , 1934Baroni Urbani, 1964, 1971Warncke, 1981;Pagliano, 1987;Gayubo et al., 1988;Matteini Palmerini, 1992;Pagliano & Nobile, 1993;Ebmer, 1995;Olmi, 1999;Sanetra et al., 1999;Czösz & Schulz, 2010;Vicidomini et al., 2005;Boni Bartalucci, 2012;Pavesi & Rosa, 2013;Borowiec et al., 2015;Turrisi et al., 2015;Seifert, 2016;Korenko, 2017;Scupola, 2019), the "Checklist of Italian fauna" (Comba & Comba, 2005;Generani et al., 2005;Olmi, 2005;Strumia, 2005), papers related to apicolture and/or biological control (Monastero & Genduso, 1964a, 1964bMonastero, 1965;Monastero & Delaonoue, 1965, 1966a, 1966b, Genduso & Mineo, 1974Dall'Olio et al., 2008;Daane & Johnson, 2010;Bouga et al., 2011;Tenore et al., 2012;Muñoz et al., 2014;Utzeri et al., 2018) and faunal papers concerning Italian peninsular and insular areas or other islands (Kutter, 1927;Baccetti, 1967;Focarile, 1972;Nobile & Turrisi, 1996;Lo Cascio et al., 1998;Mei, 1998Mei, , 2008Turrisi, 1999;Lo Cascio & Navarra, 2003;Borsato & Turrisi, 2004;Lo Cascio & Romano, 2004;Lo Cascio et al., 2006;Jucker et al., 2008;Ceccolini & Barbagli, 2014;Queiroz & Alves, 2016;Turrisi & Altadonna, 2017;Korenko & Di Giovanni, 2019), while just few papers are specifically referred to the fauna of the Aeolian Archipelago, although not exclusively dedicated to Hymenoptera (Costantino, 1937;. ...
Article
Full-text available
This study provides the first contribution to the knowledge of the Order Hymenoptera, emphasizing Aculeata, for the Aeolian archipelago, based on recent field investigations and examination of several collections. A total of 169 species belonging to 19 families are recorded: Evaniidae (1 species), Aulacidae (2 species), Gasteruptiidae (3 species), Ichneumonidae (1 species), Leucospidae (1 species), Chrysididae (8 species), Tiphiidae (3 species), Scoliidae (6 species), Mutillidae (13 species), Pompilidae (6 species), Vespidae (14 species), Sphecidae (6 species), Crabronidae (24 species), Formicidae (14 species), Colletidae (4 species), Andrenidae (8 species), Halictidae (29 species), Megachilidae (12 species), Apidae (14 species). Most part of species are newly recorded for the Aeolian Archipelago, the following being new records for Sicily: Dryudella esterinae Pagliano, 2001, Nysson quadriguttatus Spinola, 1808, Miscophus aetoni Saunders, 1903, Miscophus lusitanicus Andrade, 1952, Cerceris circularis dacica Schletterer, 1887 (Crabronidae), and Lasioglossum (Dialictus) semilucens (Alfken, 1914) (Halictidae); Miscophus lusitanicus is also newly recorded for Italy. Combining the available data, a total of 218 species of Hymenoptera are currently known for the Aeolian Archipelago. The Hymenoptera fauna of these islands is dominated by widespread Mediterranean or West Palaearctic species, and most of them are also found in the Western Mediterranean Basin. The study briefly highlights some key points regarding biogeographical and conservation of this group and its significant role in the management of ecosystems in the Aeolian Archipelago.
... Nylanderia bourbonica is a relatively old invader of Florida, with specimens dating back to as early as 1924 in the state (Deyrup 2016). This species has also been reported in Italy (Jucker et al. 2008), the Netherlands (Boer and Vierbergen 2008), and the United Kingdom (Borowiec 2014) in Europe, Quebec in Canada (Francoeur 2010), Missouri and Illinois (Guénard et al. 2017) in the United States, and in New Zealand ). However, no established populations are known from any of these places, probably because of their colder climates. ...
Article
Full-text available
Invasive species have devastating economic and ecological impacts worldwide, but proactive monitoring programs are rare on the global stage. By definition, tramp ants are associated with disturbance and human-mediated dispersal, making them especially concerning invasive threats. A proactive—rather than reactive—approach to monitoring for, preventing, and managing invasive species depends on taxonomic preparedness, which enables rapid and accurate identification. Emerging tools and technologies, including genomic barcoding and interactive online keys, can aid in species delimitation and diagnosis. However, resolving tramp species’ identities remains the fundamental first step in invasive species management because diagnostic tools cannot be developed and disseminated until species names are stable. Diagnosis of morphologically difficult species requires basic knowledge of species boundaries, biogeography, and phylogenetic relationships. This review comprehensively synthesizes information available for 15 known and five potential tramp ant species in Nylanderia (Emery) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a globally distributed genus of over 130 described species, many of which are only diagnosable by subtle morphological characters. Nylanderia records were drawn from published literature, specimen databases, and museum collections to compile known distributions, biology, natural history, and taxonomy for each species. We review existing resources for visualizing known geographic ranges and high-resolution images of ants globally and encourage the use of these types of tools in support of invasive species diagnosis and distribution tracking. Finally, we discuss how taxonomic and life history information can be used synergistically with genomic and digital technology to develop tools for identification of these, and other emerging invasive insect species.
... So far, the ant fauna of the Aeolian archipelago has been relatively rarely studied. Existing records are mostly from Lipari (Kutter 1927), although a number of other contributions to the knowledge of the archipelago were published (Baroni Urbani 1964;Jucker et al. 2008;Lo Cascio et al. 2006;Lo Cascio and Navarra 2003;Mei 1998;Sanetra et al. 1999;Santschi 1934;Seifert 2016;Scupola 2019). In total, these studies reported 20 ant taxa. ...
Article
Islands are fascinating study systems for biogeography, allowing researchers to investigate patterns across organisms on a comparable geographical scale. They are also often important for conservation. Here, we present the first bio-inventory of the ant fauna of the Aeolian Islands, a Sicilian volcanic archipelago formed within the last million years. We documented a total of 40 species, including one first record for Italy (Lasius casevitzi). Mitochondrial DNA barcodes were obtained for all 40 taxa sampled on the islands, 13 of which were studied genetically for the first time. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of island specimens were compared with those of conspecific samples from other Aeolian Islands, Sicily and mainland Italy. Standardized photographical documentation of all sequenced specimens is provided. All but one currently recognized species (97.5%) were recovered as monophyletic. Genetic divergence within species ranged up to 12.4% in Pheidole pallidula, although most species had much lower levels of intraspecific divergence. At the scale of the Aeolian Islands, intraspecific genetic divergence varied significantly between subfamilies, with species of the subfamily Myrmicinae showing higher intraspecific divergences than the Formicinae. Comparison of specimens from the Aeolian Islands with conspecific ones from the putative source populations (Sicily and mainland Italy) suggested that the island of Panarea has the genetically most derived myrmeco-fauna among the seven focal Islands. Overall, DNA barcoding is a useful-albeit not perfect-method for classifying poorly studied groups of organisms and ants in particular.
... His results were partly repeated by Karaman et al. (2011) and Tăuşan & Markó (2011). It is worth mentioning that Legakis' paper was preceded by few other publications providing some valuable data on Cretan biodiversity (Csősz & Schulz 2010, Ionescu-Hirsch 2009, Jucker et al. 2008, Seifert 2003, Wetterer et al. 2009). In 2010 the junior homonymy of Monomorium creticus was finally resolved (Özdikmen 2010). ...
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We present the first critical review of all Formicidae species found on Crete. Samples were collected from 302 localities, dispersed on the whole island (Prefectures of Chania-75, Heraklion-86, Lasithi-74 and Rethymnon-67). As a result, we present a detailed catalogue of 100 Cretan ant species, representatives of 6 subfamilies and 28 genera, with keys to their determination. The most diverse genera are Temnothorax (17 species), Camponotus (11) and Tetramorium (9). Additionally, we provide the very first documentation of Tapinoma festae male genitalia. All species and keys to their determination are illustrated, short notes on their biology, as well as maps on their distribution on the island, are also given. Among 18 known endemic species 89% belong to the Myrmicinae subfamily. With 8 endemic species the Temnothorax genus is the most diverse in this group. Among all species recorded from Crete we could distinguish 14 chorotypes. The dominant groups are chorotypes of species more or less widely spread in the Mediterranean countries. They represent 59% of known ant fauna of Crete. Among them the dominant are Mediterranean (23%), Aegaean (13%) and NE-Mediterranean (9%). Nevertheless, alarming is also a high percentage of invasive taxa recorded from the island (10%).
... It seems likely that the four remaining exotic pest species may occur in houses in both Algeria and Tunisia, but this has yet to be demonstrated. The proportion of transferred ants from Maghreb represents roughly 5.3 % of the myrmecofauna, a percentage rather similar to the 5 % of exotic ant species in the Iberian Peninsula (Espadaler and Collingwood, 2001 updated) and 4.65 % in Italy ( Jucker et al., 2008). However, these are relatively small numbers in comparison to the much higher exotic ant component of several Atlantic archipelagos: 33 % from the Canary Islands (Espadaler and Collingwood (2001) updated 57 % for the Azores (Wetterer et al., 2004); 64 % for Madeira (Wetterer et al., 2007). ...
... Along the destruction of native habitat, the impact of exotic species is considered one of the two major ongoing causes leading to the decline and extinction of species (Wilson, 1992). Several ant species are known to have major ecological impacts in exotic locales (Hölldobler and Wilson, 1990;Williams, 1994). When these species invade, they commonly undergo enormous population explosions and come to dominate widespread areas. ...
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We compiled 16 exotic ant species found in the Maghreb in wild ecosystems, gardens and urban areas. Five of these introduced species are considered major ecological and agricultural household pest species that have become established above all in Morocco. During our investigation in a citrus orchard of ITMAS Heuraoua, Algiers, we detected two exotic ants, Nylanderia jaegerskioeldi (Mayr, 1904) and Strumigenys membranifera Emery, 1869, plus nine native ant species. The Formicinae ant N. jaegerskioeldi is recorded for the frst time in Algeria, taking the number of exotic ants in the country to 11. This is the fourth known record in North Africa. A brief comparison between the exotic ant fauna of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and neighboring countries highlights the need to improve the limited knowledge of ants in North Africa.
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Corresponding author: Jean-Yves Rasplus (rasplus@supagro.inra.fr)
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The invasion and spread of four native South American ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Linepithema humile, Solenopsis invicta, Wasmannia auropunctata and Paratrechina (Nylanderia) fulva all over the world, their environmental and economic impact, and intended control tactics are documented. Displacement of these invasive species is triggered by human international movement of goods, and in one case, P. fulva, a deliberately introduction as a candidate for biological control of Atta spp. and snakes. These tramp ants displace native ants, attack native birds and reptiles, protect and transport sap sucking insects, cause damage to human commodities, and are able to cause health problems to men and domestic animals. Chemical control, producing negative environmental side effects, has shown poor success and short residual effect. Current tendencies use biological control agents, the natural enemies, parasites, predators and diseases of their original range. Quarantine and eradication programs have been implemented. The success of the tramp ants involves a small size that permits hiding in all types of packing materials, their organization in societies, varied diets, and in many cases to their late detection and initial control.
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Invasions by non-native ants are an ecologically destructive phenomenon affecting both continental and island ecosystems throughout the world. Invasive ants often become highly abundant in their introduced range and can outnumber native ants. These numerical disparities underlie the competitive asymmetry between invasive ants and native ants and result from a complex interplay of behavioral, ecological, and genetic factors. Reductions in the diversity and abundance of native ants resulting from ant invasions give rise to a variety of direct and indirect effects on non-ant taxa. Invasive ants compete with and prey upon a diversity of other organisms, including some vertebrates, and may enter into or disrupt mutualistic interactions with numerous plants and other insects. Experimental studies and research focused on the native range ecology of invasive ants will be especially valuable contributions to this field of study.
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Invasions by non-native ants are an ecologically destructive phenomenon affecting both continental and island ecosystems throughout the world. Invasive ants often become highly abundant in their introduced range and can outnumber native ants. These numerical disparities underlie the competitive asymmetry between invasive ants and native ants and result from a complex interplay of behavioral, ecological, and genetic factors. Reductions in the diversity and abundance of native ants resulting from ant invasions give rise to a variety of direct and indirect effects on non-ant taxa. Invasive ants compete with and prey upon a diversity of other organisms, including some vertebrates, and may enter into or disrupt mutualistic interactions with numerous plants and other insects. Experimental studies and research focused on the native range ecology of invasive ants will be especially valuable contributions to this field of study.
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After its first observation in Europe in 1974, Lasius neglectus Van Loon, Boomsma & Andrasfalvy 1990 has performed a rapid range expansion throughout the entire Mediterranean area and has reached Central Europe. The present range is delimited by 1° E and 75° E and by 36° N and 49° N with 38 sites known. Regarding colony structure, mating, mode of distribution, local dominance, pest status, and impact on local ant faunas, neglectus is comparable to Linepithema humile (Mayr 1868). L. neglectus, however, can establish permanent colonies in regions with mean January temperatures of -5°C. Climatic barriers ending the northern expansion of Linepithema and preventing its long-term outdoor persistence in Central Europe and S Scandinavia will not stop neglectus that has the potency to develop into a most important pest species. Morphology, genetics, and zoogeography suggest a very recent separation of neglectus from Lasius turcicus Santschi 1921 with a most probable radiation centre in Asia Minor. The behavioural change from normal aerial mating to exclusively intranidal mating is considered as deciding step leading to complete reproductive isolation from turcicus. The obvious absence of turcicus from huge parts of neglectus' range is a further argument against considering the two as expression of intraspecific polymorphism. The loss of flight behaviour in queens is still not accompanied by significant morphological changes: wing load and development of flight muscles or fat tissue are comparable to well-flying and claustrally founding Lasius species.
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A one year survey was conducted with structural pest control employees of Florida to determine the kinds of ants and types of ant problems confronted in both commercial and household pest control. Eight species of ants were identified as key pests in Florida. Of these, the most common were Solenopsis invicta Buren - 14%, Tapinoma melanocephalum (F.) - 14%, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille) - 14%, Camponotus abdominalis floridanus (Buckley) - 12%, Monomorium pharaonis (L.) - 11%, Camponotus tortuganus Emery - 8%, Pheidole megacephala (F.) - 7% and Paratrechina bourbonica (Forel) - 4%. More than twenty-five other species of ants which were occasional invaders were also collected in the survey. Customer complaints, nest locations, and treatment strategies for pest ants are also described. /// Una encuesta de un año fue llevada a cabo con empleados de control de plagas estructurales de la Florida para determinar los tipos de hormigas y de problemas causados por estas que eran confrontados por el control comercial y doméstico de plagas. Ocho especies de hormigas fueron identificadas como plagas claves en la Florida. De estas, las más comúnes fueron Solenopsis invicta Buren-14%, Tapinoma melanocephalum (F)-14%, Paratrechina longicornis (Latreille)-14%, Camponotus abdominalis floridanus (Buckey)-12%, Monomorium pharaonis (L)-11%, Camponotus tortuganus Emery-8%, Pheidole megacephala (F.)-7%, y Paratrechina bourbonica (Forel)-4%. También más de veinte y cinco especies de hormigas invasoras ocasionales fueron colectadas en la encuesta. Las quejas de los clientes, localizaciones de los nidos y estrategias de tratamiento para las hormigas plagas son también descritas.
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New data on the ants of Vienna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). - 67 outdoors ant species have been known for Vienna (Austria) so far. Here we present records of further nine species, including the first record of Plagiolepis xene STÄRCKE, 1936 and the first out-doors record of Hypoponera punctatissima (ROGER, 1859) for Austria. Additionally, seven introduced species are listed, exclusively found indoors.