ArticlePDF Available

Harmful effects of pesticides on human health

Authors:
Naveen Kumar at Amity University
Naveen Kumar
Ashok Kumar Pathera at Amity University
Ashok Kumar Pathera
Parveen Saini
Parveen Saini
Parveen Saini
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Manish Kumar at Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology
Manish Kumar
Download full-text PDFDownload full-text PDF
Read full-text
Download citation

Abstract

Pesticides are widely used, now-a-days, during production of food. Farmers use pesticides to control the growth of weeds and prevent crop damage by insects, rodents and molds. After harvest, they are used to increase the storage life and prevent spoilage. Pesticides may also be used on animal farms to control insect-pests. Sometimes, small amount of pesticides used in these ways, remains in or on foods which is known as pesticide residues. Pesticide residues are a public health concern and have been linked to a range of diseases and disorders. To avoid the contamination of food with pesticides, farmers should use alternative methods like integrated pest management (IPM), crop rotation or organic farming. Consumers should also consume organic food products to escape from the harmful effects of pesticides.
harmful effects of pesticides on human heal
th.pdf
Content uploaded by Naveen Kumar
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Naveen Kumar on Jan 07, 2016
Content may be subject to copyright.
Harmful effects of pesticides on human heal
th.pdf
Content uploaded by Ashok Kumar Pathera
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Ashok Kumar Pathera on Apr 06, 2014
Content may be subject to copyright.
... While the use of these plant protection compounds cannot be halted because they are required for agricultural output, a sensible strategy must be taken to reduce the hazards of such agrochemicals to bees [37] Notwithstanding all measures, if an area where the crop or weeds were in blossom was mistakenly sprayed, the farmer should tell the affected beekeepers so that they may take necessary action. This should keep managed bees out of the sprayed area for the time being [38,39]. ...
View
... A typical management approach against pests is the use of synthetic insecticides (Roy et al., 2014;Khan, 2017). However, intensive use of these chemicals has a negative impact on the environment (Sanchez-Bayo, 2012), human health (Kumar et al., 2012) and the activity and abundance of the natural enemies (Abdel-Raheem, 2021); these chemicals can also trigger insecticide resistance to the pest (Chand et al., 2019). ...
Sustainable Management for Spiralling Whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Infesting Guava and Its Effects on the Natural Enemies' Complex
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2023
The spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most notorious insect pests among tropical fruits and vegetables. A common pest management technique is the application of chemical insecticides. However, this has led to environmental degradation, natural enemy reduction, development of pesticide resistance and increased cost of production. This study, therefore, evaluated the efficacy of a sustainable and eco-friendly management strategy against the spiralling whitefly infesting guava (Psidium guajava L). The experiment was carried out with seven treatments replicated five times following the randomized complete block design. The treatments were negative control (T1), 0.8% soybean oil (T2), 1.6% liquid dishwashing (T3), 1.6% neem oil (T4), 0.4% soybean oil + 0.8% liquid dishwashing (T5), 0.8% neem oil + 0.8% liquid dishwashing (T6) and chemical control (Thiamethoxam 25 WG at 2g/L-1) (T7). Results showed that 1.6% liquid dishwashing was superior among treatments against the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd nymphal instars with an average mortality of 84.28, 85.22 and 81.81%, respectively. Application of 0.8% soybean oil showed the highest efficacy against the eggs, 4 th instar and adult population with an average mortality of 75.50, 81.36 and 93.50%, respectively. Application of these treatments showed no adverse effects on the natural enemies' complex associated with guava. Integration of other eco-friendly pest management strategies against the invasive spiralling whitefly is recommended for future research.
View
... While the use of these plant protection compounds cannot be halted because they are required for agricultural output, a sensible strategy must be taken to reduce the hazards of such agrochemicals to bees [37] Notwithstanding all measures, if an area where the crop or weeds were in blossom was mistakenly sprayed, the farmer should tell the affected beekeepers so that they may take necessary action. This should keep managed bees out of the sprayed area for the time being [38,39]. ...
Impact of Pesticides on Beneficial Insects in Various Agroecosystem: A Review
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2023
Beneficial insects play a vital role in natural pest control and pollination of agricultural crops. The use of synthetic pesticides in agricultural areas is harmful to both natural enemies and pollinators. Pesticides impair the survival of a variety of life cycle stages, limit reproductive capability, and alter host Review Article Samanta et al., Int. 1929, fitness for parasitising or predation, reduce parasitoids' emergence from sprayed host eggs, and cause direct death. When natural enemies are decreased, pest population dynamics, such as resurgence and secondary pest eruption, may suffer even more devastating repercussions. Pollinator decline decreases agricultural yield. This study intends to investigate the side effects of synthetic and botanical pesticides on beneficial insects in order to provide a foundation for future research into the detrimental effects of synthetic and botanical pesticides on these insects. This information will aid in optimising pesticide use in integrated pest management programs by implementing more sustainable and environment-friendly methods such as the use of correct doses and selective insecticides in agricultural areas.
View
... Nearly 3175 thousand kilograms of chemical pesticides are used annually by the top ten pesticide-using nations [13]. Chemical pesticides have hazardous effects on people, animals, and the environment [14,15]. Substantial concerns have arisen about the health risks associated with occupational exposure to pesticides as well as from residues in food and drinking water, despite the fact that pesticides are developed through very strict regulatory processes to function with reasonable certainty and minimal impact on human health and the environment [16]. ...
Challenges faced by plant growth-promoting bacteria in field-level applications and suggestions to overcome the barriers
Article
Zero hunger is a significant sustainable development goal to ensure food access by all people in vulnerable situations by 2030. However, climate change-mediated possible threats (drought, salinity, and submergence) are adversely impacting our crop yield, which would eventually jeopardize our ability to feed ourselves. Pathogenic attacks caused by nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses are examples of biotic stresses that also result in lower food yields for human consumption. Despite the immense potential for plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) to reduce biotic and abiotic stressors, very few PGPB have been effectively registered as biofertilizers in the commercial sector. The biofertilizer market share includes a tiny fraction of the synthetic agrochemical market share. Specific obstacles hamper field-level applications of PGPB that were effective in laboratories. The preparation of formulations faces numerous difficulties, including issues with shelf life, viability upkeep, biofilm formation, and risks to human health. Different regions have different weather patterns and soil compositions. The full image of microbial interactions is still largely unknown. This review aims to explore the recent advancements in biofertilizer formulations and their in vivomonitoring techniques to correlate with the mitigation of the obstacles. At the same time, possible ways for creating effective, reliable, and affordable PGPB formulations are also discussed.
View
... Pesticides are applied to food crops and vegetables to remove the infestation of different insect pests. As a result, not only do they reduce the pest population but also leave chemical residues that may cause serious health consequences (Kumar et al., 2012, Sookhtanlou et al., 2022. Some of the pollutants like Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) persist in nature and contaminate the natural bodies and thus have very long-term impacts (Al-Mamun, 2017).In Nepal most of the farmers are completely unaware that pesticides leave residue behind and specific waiting period is required for each pesticides (Khanal et al., 2022). ...
Insecticide residue analysis on vegetable crops through Rapid Bioassay of Pesticide Residue (RBPR) technique in Nepal
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2023
Insecticides applied on food crops and vegetables reduce the pest population and leave chemical residues that may result in serious health consequences. In Nepalese context, farmers use pesticides repeatedly to get rid of pests and also don’t consider the waiting period. The study was conducted to evaluate the amount of pesticide residue after application of different organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in vegetable crops. Five insecticides were used in seven different combinations (Dimethoate, Malathion, dichlorvos, Chlorpyriphos, Dimethoate + dichlorvos, Malathion + Chlorpyriphos and Carbofuran) and applied in mustard and broccoli. The residues were assessed using the “Rapid Bioassay of Pesticide Residue technique”. Results exhibited that Chlorpyriphos treated mustard leaves were edible in 3 DAA (Days after application) and in 6 DAA when sticker was applied with treatment. With or without sticker Dimethoate followed by Malathion applied mustard leaves were edible in 6 DAA. With or without sticker Dichlorvos took longest (12 DAA) to reach the safe limits for mustard leaves. In contrary the Dichlorvos treated broccoli was edible in 3 DAA but took 6 DAA when sticker was applied. Malathion treated broccoli, with and without sticker, was edible in 6 DAA. For both crops Carbofuran exhibited anomalous nature showing lower residue level in the beginning and higher later. When both vegetables were applied treatments with stickers, they showed significantly higher residue and longer time to reach edible limit. The applied insecticides took relatively longer to reach safe level in mustard leaf as compared to broccoli. The study suggests use of Chlorpyriphos for mustard leaves and Malathion for broccoli with at least 6 days of waiting period, with or without use of sticker.
View
View
View
View
View
View
Levels of organochlorine pesticides residues in meat
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2007
Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (Lindane, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan, DDT and DDE) residues in beef samples from the Kumasi and Buoho abattoirs in Ghana were determined using gas chromatography. Organochlorine residues were found in all the samples. The average concentration of lindane in beef fat samples from Kumasi was 4.03 µg/kg and 1.79 µg/kg in beef fat from Buoho. The average levels of lindane were 2.07 µg/kg for lean meat samples from Kumasi abattoir and 0.60 µg/kg in lean meat samples from Buoho. Endosulfan concentration in meat samples from Buoho was 2.28 µg/kg in the fat and 0.59 µg/kg in the lean beef. 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-dichlorodiphenyl)ethylene (DDE) recorded mean concentrations of 118.45 µg/kg in beef fat and 42.93 µg/kg in lean beef samples from Kumasi abattoir. Beef samples from Buoho had DDE concentration of 31.89 µg/kg in the fat and 5.86 µg/kg in the lean beef. 1, 1, 1-trichloro-2, 2-bis-(4'-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) recorded an average concentration of 545.22 µg/kg in beef fat and 18.85 µg/kg in lean beef samples from Kumasi abattoir. The average concentration of DDT in beef fat from Buoho was 403.82 µg/kg but lean meat samples from the same sampling site recorded mean concentration of 10.82 µg/kg for DDT. Although, most of the organochlorine residues detected were below the maximum limits set by the FAO/WHO, bioaccumulation of these residues is likely to pose health problems in higher organisms like human beings.
View
Pesticides and Health in Highland Ecuadorian Potato Production: Assessing Impacts and Developing Responses
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2002
Pesticide use in highland Ecuador is concentrated in the high-risk, commercial production of potatoes. Small farm families experience considerable exposure and adverse health consequences. The authors describe a three-pronged strategy to reduce health impacts: 1) a community-based process of education and provision of personal protective equipment to reduce exposure; 2) farmer field schools to increase agro-ecosystem understanding and to reduce pesticide use; and 3) policy interventions to restructure incentives and to reduce availability of highly toxic insecticides. They discuss the challenges faced by each and the ongoing need for integrated interventions both to reduce adverse pesticide health impacts in the developing world and to promote sustainability of agricultural production in highland ecosystems.
View
View
Effect of agricultural methods on nutritional quality: A comparison of organic with conventional crops
Article
The increasing use of alternative therapies that rely on organically grown foods has renewed interest in the relationship between agricultural methods and food quality. The purpose of this article is to review the literature produced over the last 50 years comparing the nutritional quality of organic with conventional crops. Whereas few studies have been conducted, there is a trend in the data indicating higher nutrient content in organically grown crops. This phenomenon is possibly due to a higher water content in conventional crops, which causes nutrient dilution. For individual nutrients, existing studies show that organic fertilization practices produce crops with higher levels of ascorbic acid, lower levels of nitrate, and improved protein quality compared with conventionally grown crops. Although a theoretical rationale exists for possible effects of herbicides on nutrient content, few studies have examined the effects of these or other pesticides. Animal studies showed better growth and reproduction in animals fed organically grown feed compared with those fed conventionally grown feed. Further research is required to confirm the trends seen in the existing data and to clarify the exact relationships between agricultural management and nutritional quality.
View