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Theorizing Change: The Role of Professional Associations in the Transformation of Institutionalized Fields
Abstract
This study examines the role of professional associations in a changing, highly institutionalized organizational field and suggests that they play a significant role in legitimating change. A model of institutional change is outlined, of which a key stage is "theorization," the process whereby organizational failings are conceptualized and linked to potential solutions. Regulatory agencies, such as professional associations, play an important role in theorizing change, endorsing local innovations and shaping their diffusion.
... Professional identity is constructed continuously throughout people's careers [15]. This process is influenced by individual and institutional factors [11,16], changes in work [16,17], prevailing societal discourses about professional roles [18], alignment between personal values and work [12], interactions with fellow professionals [11,12,19], involvement in professional organizations [20,21], and past experiences [13]. Professional identity is therefore a fluid, evolving, and socially constructed phenomenon [10]. ...
... It is crucial to acknowledge how discourse may shape students' comprehension and the enactment of professional roles, thus influencing the formation of their professional identities [18]. Furthermore, students' prior experiences and future socialization with pharmacists may aid in the construction and reframing of their own professional identities and influence how these identities are projected to others [20]. ...
Elements of professional identity are closely intertwined with professional roles, and individuals perceive themselves in relation to their roles. How pharmacists perceive their professional identity influences how they enact their roles in practice. For pharmacy students, understanding the pharmacist role and envisioning themselves in that role supports the formation of their professional identity. This study explores students’ perceptions of the pharmacist role. First-year pharmacy students enrolled in the Doctor of Pharmacy program at the University of Alberta were invited to participate in this study. Using an adapted version of the draw-and-write technique, participants were asked to express their understanding of the pharmacist role visually. An analysis of the results was guided by established discourses related to pharmacist identity derived from pharmacy education literature. In total, 100 pharmacy students participated in this study. The findings indicate that pharmacy students have a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacist role, especially the dispenser and health care provider aspects of a pharmacist’s professional identity. Additionally, students acknowledged the involvement of pharmacists in health care teams, in public health, and primary health care services. A discourse related to professional identity, the multi-faceted professional, emerged to describe the coexistence of multiple roles in modern pharmacy practice. An arts-based activity successfully facilitated the exploration of pharmacy students’ perceptions of the professional role of pharmacists. This approach has potential in supporting instruction regarding professional identity formation within the curriculum.
Cette étude s’intéresse aux conditions de passage d’une expérimentation organisationnelle à une expérimentation institutionnelle dans le champ du dialogue social sectoriel des soins de santé. Plus précisément, nous souhaitons analyser les conditions d’émergence d’une nouvelle forme d’action collective dans un contexte social très structuré et sa capacité à se muer en expérimentation institutionnelle. Afin de répondre à cette question de recherche, nous proposons un cadre d’analyse original destiné à mettre en perspective le processus d’institutionnalisation en cours ainsi que les trajectoires que ce type d’expérimentation peut suivre dans la durée.
The objective of this paper is to examine the role of institutional context on different types of entrepreneurial typologies and environmental uncertainty as well as a potential key moderator role of these relationships. The debate concerning discovery (Kirznerian) and creative (Schumpeterian) entrepreneurial typologies has been ongoing since the 2000s, and the number of researchers involved in the debate has been increasing (i.e., Alvarez and Barney, Strateg Entrepreneurship J 1:11–26, 2007; de Jong and Marsili, Small Bus Econ 44:19–35, 2015; Foss and Klein, Acad Manag Perspect 34:366–377, 2020; Shane and Venkataraman, Acad Manag Rev 25:217–226, 2000; Smith et al., J Small Bus Manag 47:38–57, 2009). However, empirical studies have not considered the differences in perceptions of the institutional contexts of countries and its effect on entrepreneurial action types. As such, empirical understanding regarding how the normative, regulatory, and cognitive perceptions of institutional contexts influence creative and discovery actions of entrepreneurs will contribute meaningfully to the opportunity recognition debate in this field. A survey was conducted of 805 companies operating in Turkey. The findings show a positive effect of institutional context on both discovery and creative entrepreneurial actions, while environmental uncertainty does not moderate these relationships.
This study has the purpose to analyze the implications between institutional change and institutionalization. It departs from the assumption that some institutional change theories provide through different framework perspectives to explain and analyze the different strengths and challenges of the institutionalization processes. The methods used are the meta-cognitive analytical descriptive based on the conceptual, theoretical, and analytical literature review. As it had been assumed, the study concludes in that institutional change theoretical frameworks lead to provide the intellectual tools to describe, explain, and analyze the strengths and challenges posed by the institutionalization processes.
Purpose
The authors examine and compare accounting associations' identities in distinct segments of the accounting profession surrounding the 2014 merger of three Canadian accounting associations.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conceive of accounting associations' magazine front covers as a setting for “identity performance” (i.e. a scenery through which identity dimensions are intentionally communicated to target audiences). The authors examine pre-merger and post-merger associations' identity performances that took place between January 2011 and December 2020 and identify 21 broad themes that the authors interpret in terms of identity logics (i.e. professionalism/commercialism) and audience focus (society/association members), underscoring (dis)similarities in identity performances pre- and post-merger.
Findings
The authors' analysis reveals distinct identity performances for the different segments of the pre-merger accounting profession and for the post-merger unified accounting association. Identity logics manifest differently: a commercial logic dominated for two of the associations and a professional logic dominated for the third. Identity fluidity was evident in the merged association's shift from commercial toward professional logic when the association ceased publishing one magazine and introduced a new one. Society rather than associations' members dominated as a target audience for all associations, but this focus manifested differently. Post-merger, identity performances continued to focus on society as the audience.
Originality/value
The authors highlight the Goffmanian identity performances (Goffman, 1959) taking place via accounting associations' magazines. The authors adopt a segment perspective (Bucher and Strauss, 1961) that demonstrates that commercialism does not trump professionalism in all segments of the profession. For the first time, the authors juxtapose identity logics (professionalism/commercialism) and targeted audiences to better understand how these facets of accountants' identities compare between segments.
This chapter investigates previous research themes and trending topics related to ChatGPT through a comprehensive analysis of the literature. An automated technique (web-scraping) was deployed to retrieve and compile all existing journal papers, conference proceedings, and book chapters from major publisher databases in the related fields, and the abstracts of the selected articles were quantitatively analysed using a probabilistic topic modeling procedure – the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) approach. Based on the topics identified by the LDA model utilizing their most representative terms, 10 research themes and corresponding keywords have emerged in the results. The overall findings indicate that research efforts in this field have primarily focused on performance, user disposition, application practices, and ethical and privacy concerns. A conceptual framework that delineated the relationships between the research issues and opportunities for future research on ChatGPT is also introduced.
The International Security Studies Section (ISSS) of the International Studies Association aims to promote the study of global, international, regional, and national security—broadly conceived. Over the past decade, ISSS has also sought to improve diversity and inclusion for its membership, culminating in its Taskforce on Diversity in Security Studies. In this forum, taskforce organizers, researchers, and participants examine the ways in which ISSS has collected data and then acted to improve both experiences and outcomes for historically excluded scholars, using an intersectional approach but with a specific focus on race. By critically reflecting on the role of professional associations in combatting racism in academia, using the case study of ISSS, the forum has two aims. First, we hope that by sharing ISSS experiences and processes, we may encourage other professional associations to self-reflect on how they may contribute to racial injustice, as well as how they can reveal and counteract racial oppression. Second, rather than solely focusing on goals and outcomes, the forum also gives voice to personal perspectives of researchers and participants to highlight how it is people who ultimately make up the heart of efforts to challenge racism and discrimination.
The organizational change literature contains diverse characterizations of change processes with contradictory implications for strategic mianagers. Many inconsistencies are resolved by classifying models of organizational change according to the primary mode of change (continuous or discontinuous) and the primary level at which change occurs (organization or industry) to yield four basic types of change: adaptation, metamorphosis, evolution, and revolution. These types influence organizations' adaptive responses, shape industries' competitive structures, and constrain researchers' methods of inquiry. This paper identifies a gap in the literature: theory and research focusing on discontinuous changes occurring at the industry level of analysis. A perspective on this type of change is developed, and applied in a historical analysis of the hospital induistry. Data from a longitudinal field study are used to illustrate various organizational responses to discontinuities. The history of life contains long periods of
This article synthesizes the large but diverse literature on organizational legitimacy, highlighting similarities and disparities among the leading strategic and institutional approaches. The analysis identifies three primary forms of legitimacy: pragmatic, based on audience self-interest; moral, based on normative approval: and cognitive, based on comprehensibility and taken-for-grantedness. The article then examines strategies for gaining, maintaining, and repairing legitimacy of each type, suggesting both the promises and the pitfalls of such instrumental manipulations.