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Two attractive new species of Sobralia from Panama
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... After the works on systematics and taxonomy of Sobralia in Panama, mainly by Dressler (2002Dressler ( , 2005Dressler ( , 2011 and Dressler & Bogarín (2007, 2009, the genus has not been studied recently. After the most updated checklist of Orchidaceae of Panama (Bogarín et al. 2014), only one new species of Sobralia was described for the country (Kolanowska 2014). ...
... We photographed plants and flowers with a Nikon® D7100 digital camera with an AF-S VR Micro-NIKKOR 105mm f / 2.8G IF-ED lens in the field and the photography laboratory at UCH. In addition, descriptions were prepared of living specimens following Dressler (2002Dressler ( , 2005Dressler ( , 2011, Dressler & Bogarín (2007, 2009 and Dressler et al. (2016). Locality data was obtained with a Garmin GPS 64S and visualized in Google Earth 6.1.0 ...
In Panama, the Orchidaceae comprise 187 genera, of which one of the most conspicuous is Sobralia. The flowers of Sobralia are mostly ephemeral but colorful, often fragrant, and of variable sizes. Despite being a prominent group, its taxonomy is still underdeveloped in most neotropical countries. To continue with taxonomic studies in the Orchidaceae of Panama, we investigated a species of Sobralia, which differs from any recorded species of the genus. We documented the species with digital images and compared it with morphologically similar taxa. This paper describes and illustrates a new Sobralia from the Bosque Protector Palo Seco in the Fortuna area, Panama. Sobralia rinconiana differs from all other species recorded in Panama by the combination of a large plant size that reaches up to 120 cm high and the larger and broader, elliptical-lanceolate leaves (30–35 × 14–16 cm). Sobralia rinconiana is most similar to S. carazoi but differs in the spreading flowers with reflexed petals and the infundibuliform, cream-yellow lip, the wider, longer sepals and petals, and the longer, suberect column. The accurate estimate of the number of Sobralia species in Panama is still uncertain. Its diversity may increase as new areas are explored or species complexes are resolved.
... Collecting Sobralia specimens for dried preservation is difficult because the flowers of many species are fragile and tend to deteriorate quickly (Fig. 4), probably as a result of their ephemeral flowers and anatomy; even in spirit preservation, some material decays depending on the curation process (Dressler & Bogarín 2007). Dressler (2002) suggests studying Sobralia using photographs and drawings based on living material from collections or field studies to achieve better documentation and understanding of the species, considering that the genus has been studied mainly on dried material (Baranow et al. 2017). ...
We present a range extension for Sobralia amabilis, previously recorded from the southeastern border of Guatemala to Panama and Ecuador. Here, we detail its taxonomic history, description, and geographical distribution, along with photographs of the plants in vivo, habitat notes and recommendations for collecting and preparing herbarium specimens. Key words: cloud forest, Northern Central America, occurrence, orchid, Sobralieae
The Orchidaceae is one of the most diverse vascular plant families in the Neotropics and the most diverse in Panama. The number of species is triple that of other well-represented families of angiosperms such as Rubiaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Despite its importance in terms of diversity, the latest checklist was published ten years ago and the latest in-depth taxonomic treatments were published in 1949 and 1993. The accumulation of information over the years and the need to update the nomenclature and to clarify taxonomic concepts made necessary the publication of an up-dated checklist of the Orchidaceae of Panama. This checklist was completed by studying specimens strictly collected in Panama and vouchered in herbaria. Species are presented alphabetically with their synonyms and herbarium vouchers. The data were analyzed to explain the patterns of geographic distribution, most diverse taxa, endemism, exotic species and relationships with other nearby floras. The checklist contains 1365 species (including two natural hybrids and three subspecies) in four subfamilies, 16 tribes, 27 sub tribes and 187 genera. Four exotic species were recorded. A total of 296 (21.7%) species are endemic. Epidendroideae is the most diverse group housing more than 90% of species. The most diverse subtribes are Pleurothallidinae (30 genera, 405 spp.), Laeliinae (16 genera, 292 spp.), Oncidiinae (29 genera, 157 spp.) and Maxillariinae (18 genera, 132 spp.). The most diverse genera are: Epidendrum (206 spp.), Stelis (88 spp.), Lepanthes (66 spp.) and Pleurothallis (54 spp.). Nomenclatural changes are proposed in Maxillariella, Pleurothallis, Specklinia, Stelis and Trichocentrum. Many areas remain unexplored for orchids, and we estimate that much work remains to complete a floristic treatment that reveals more realistic data on the orchid flora that Panama harbors. This checklist is an important initial step toward the development of an illustrated treatment of the Orchidaceae of Panama.
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