Validation of Anema tumidulum (Lichinaceae, Lichenized Ascomycota), A Widespread Cyanophilic Lichen

Abstract

Anema tumidulum Henssen nom. nud. is validated by a formal description. The species is shown to be widespread in Europe. Most records come from Central Europe and Norway, but the species might still be under-collected in other regions. It is confined to calcareous habitats, sporadically moistened, sunny, open calcareous rock faces in thermophilous, mountainous situations. A list of selected examined specimens is presented. A first finding for Kazakhstan is published, whereas a published report from eastern Siberia (Russia) is shown to be based on a misidentification.

Full text

Herzogia 26 (1), 2013: 1–7 1
Validation of Anema tumidulum (Lichinaceae, lichenized
Ascomycota), a widespread cyanophilic lichen
Per Magnus Jørgensen, Matthias Schultz & Anna Guttová
Abstract: Jørgensen, P. M., Schultz, M. & Guttová, A. 2013: Validation of Anema tumidulum (Lichinaceae,
lichenized Ascomycota), a widespread cyanophilic lichen. – Herzogia 26: 1–7.
Anema tumidulum Henssen nom. nud. is validated by a formal description. The species is shown to be widespread in
Europe. Most records come from Central Europe and Norway, but the species might still be under-collected in other
regions. It is confined to calcareous habitats, sporadically moistened, sunny, open calcareous rock faces in thermo-
philous, mountainous situations. A list of selected examined specimens is presented. A first finding for Kazakhstan
is published, whereas a published report from eastern Siberia (Russia) is shown to be based on a misidentification.
Zusammenfassung: Jørgensen, P. M., Schultz, M. & Guttová, A. 2013: Validierung von Anema tumidulum
(Lichinaceae, lichenisierte Ascomycota), einer weit verbreiteten Cyanobakterien-Flechte. – Herzogia 26: 1–7.
Anema tumidulum Henssen nom. nud. wird validiert und formal beschrieben. Die Art ist weit verbreitet in Europa.
Die meisten Funde stammen aus Zentral-Europa und Norwegen, doch dürfte die Art in anderen Regionen teilweise
auch übersehen worden sein. Sie besiedelt sporadisch befeuchtete, sonnige Kalkfelsen in thermophilen Berglagen. Ein
erster Fund aus Kasachstan wird mitgeteilt, wohingegen eine publizierte Angabe aus Ostsibirien (Russland) auf einer
Fehlbestimmung beruhte.
Key words: Cyanolichens, nomenclature.
Introduction
Whilst working on the Lichinaceae for the volume of cyanolichens for the Nordic lichen flora
(Jørgensen 2007), the first author came across some unusually crustose and shiny specimens,
which appeared to belong to the genus Anema. As he was unable to find a name for it, he ap-
proached the great expert in the field Aino Henssen, who immediately answered that this was
a species which she preliminary had named Anema tumidulum, but had hoped to find an older
name for as it appeared to be quite widespread and locally common. The search for an older
name revealed only one possible such name, Thyrea cernohorskyi Servít, the type of which
could not be found in PR. Preparing a paper mainly confined to nomenclatural matters in the
Lichinaceae (Henssen & Jørgensen 1990), we decided to transfer that name to Anema, since
there was nothing in the original description and in the illustrations that contradicted such a
placement, and we did not know of any other lichen to which this name would be applicable.
Then, the third author located the type of T. cernohorskyi Servít and showed that it belonged
to Peccania (Czeika et al. 2004). This was shortly before the manuscript to the Nordic lichen
flora was submitted and Henssen (pers. comm.) agreed that it was best to use her original name
for it there. She promised to publish the name, hopefully before we had managed to publish
the book or shortly afterwards. Unfortunately she was struck by bad health and unforeseen

2 Herzogia 26 (1), 2013
problems (Jørgensen 2011), so she never managed to formally describe it. We now, after her
death, find it best to formalize the name especially since it has been in use already since 1994
in the German lichenological literature (Wirth 1994, 1995a, 1995b, 1996, Schöller et al.
1996, Scholz 2000, Dürhammer 2003, Wirth 2008, Wirth et al. 2011). At the same time,
we outline the distribution and ecology of the species. As the type, we have chosen a specimen
which we know Aino Henssen placed in the species.
Methods
The study was based on the samples deposited in the herbaria BG, BM, BRA, CBFS, FH, G,
H, M, O, PRA, SAV, UPS, W and the second authorʼs herbarium (herb. M. Schultz). Herbarium
registration numbers follow the acronym of the relevant herbarium. Microscopical examina-
tions were performed on hand-cut sections mounted in water and 10 % KOH. The measure-
ments of the thallus and apothecia given in the description of the species are based on the selected
examined material. Cryotome sections were prepared for illustration of anatomical details.
Results and Discussion
Anema tumidulum Henssen ex P.M.Jørg., M.Schultz & Guttová sp. nov. [MycoBank
MB 803985] (Figs 1–5)
Anema nummularium similis, sed thallo effuso, nitido, isidioideo vel granulato.
Type: Germany, Hessen, Oberlahn, Arfurt, 30 km E of Runkel, 30.10.1964, leg. A. Henssen
17744b (Lichenes cyanophili et fungi saxicolae exsiccati 47a [as Anema cernohorskyi], H ho-
lotype!, BM isotype!) [note that 47b is a topotype collected later by Henssen & Jahns].
Anema tumidulum is quite easily recognized from all other species in the genus by its shining,
not pruinose thallus forming effuse black-brown crusts. The squamules (diameter up to 3 mm)
– shield-like rosettes, frequently clearly lobed on the edges – are densely packed and often
isidiate (Figs 1, 2). Isidia are spherical. Based on the observations and measurements of Czech,
Italian and Slovak material, the fruiting bodies (pycnoascocarps, diameter 0.5 – 0.8 mm) are
concentrated in the centre of the rosettes. The asci have (4 –)8 ascospores of 8 –13(–17) × 6 – 8
(–11) mm (Figs 3 –5). Conidiomata were not observed.
Habitat and distribution
Anema tumidulum is a species of open calcareous, vertical rock surfaces, often in seepage
tracks. It prefers warm and sunny habitats, but appears to have a broader ecological amplitude
than other members of the Lichinaceae (Jørgensen 1988). So far it is known mostly from
Europe. At least in eastern Central Europe (Fig. 6), it is the most commonly recorded species of
the genus, being locally frequent in calcareous parts of the Western Carpathians Mts, Slovakia
(Pišút 2001, 2003, Guttová & Pišút 2004, Guttová & Palice 2002, 2004, Guttová
2004, 2005, 2008), Hungary (Bükk Mts, Uppony Mts, Vondrák et al. 2009), and the adja-
cent areas in Austria. Further to the west, it grows in the karst area of the Bohemian massif,
Czech Republic (Liška & Palice 2010, Svoboda 2007, Vondrák et al. 2007), in southern
Germany (Wirth 2008, Dürhammer 2003) and in France in the basin of the river Meuse,
Ardennes (Diederich & Sérusiaux 2000). In the south, A. tumidulum was reported from
Italy in Friuli, Molise, Abruzzo and Toscana (Nimis & Martellos 2008). In Scandinavia,
A. tumidulum is as yet only known from the warm Oslofjord region, Norway and valleys in

Jørgensen et al.: Validation of Anema tumidulum (Lichinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) 3
eastern Norway (Oppland, Buskerud, Telemark). These locations are known to have several
members of a continental lichen element (Ahlner 1949, Kleiven 1959), with an outlaying
site in Nord-Trøndelag (Hassel et al. 2009). Anema tumidulum is particularly common in the
Tyrifjord region, which is well-known for the occurrence of many rare calcareous, xerother-
mic lichens, with 15 known collections. There is one very eastern collection of A. tumidulum
from Kazakhstan (see the Selected specimens examined). The species was published from
eastern Siberia, Russia (Urbanovichus 2010); however, the revision of the material by the
first author showed that the specimen is difficult to place in A. tumidulum. The margins of well
developed rosettes are coarsely ‘sorediate’; we assign the specimen to Anema cf. decipiens.
Anema tumidulum was also reported from Idaho, USA (Björk 2010), but it would be neces-
sary to revise the material.
Selected specimens examined:
Austria: Niederösterreich: an sonnigen Kalkfelsen bei Gumpoldskirchen, 300 m, leg. Baumgartner 1921 (as A. moed-
lingense, UPS, W).
Czech Republic: Moravia austro-occid. Distr. Moravský Krumlov, in valle fluvii Rokytná, ad saxa conglomerata
aprica, 1992, leg. A. Vězda (as A. moedlingense, SAV); C Bohemia, Praha – Butovice, nature reserve Prokopské údolí,
loc. Hemrovy skály, on ESE-facing diabase-limestone bouldery slope, with Lichinella nigritella, Collema auriforme,
Peccania cernohorskyi, 280 m, fertile, 2011, leg. Z. Palice (PRA 14839, 14865).
France: Distr. Mosan, Ardennes, Givet, rive gauch de la Meuse a sortie de la ville, sous le fort Charlemont, P.
Diederich 15689 (herb. P. Diederich).
Germany: Bayern, Oberfranken, Pottenstein, near Teufelshöhe, 1963, leg. G. Degelius (UPS); Henssen: Lich. Cyan.
Fungi Sax. Exs. no 47 (as Anema cernohorskyi, BRA, FH, G, M, W); Baden-Württemberg, Schwäbische Alb, Seeburg
near Bad Urach, limestone, 600 m, 1998, leg. M. Schultz (herb. M. Schultz); Rhineland-Palatinate, Nordpfälzer
Bergland, Bad Münster am Stein, 24.05.1997, leg. V. Wirth 30372 (STU); Bavaria, Mittlere Frankenalb, Laabertal
zwischen Eichhofen und Zielsbrunn, Schönhofen, 20.08.1990, leg. Breuss 4628 (UPS).
Italy: Lombardia, Prealpi Bresciane e Gardesane: Gargnano, area of Lago di Valvestino (valle di torrente Toscolane),
side valley Val di Sas (ca 300 m from the junction Molino di Bollone – Turano – Vantone), south-facing slope with
relic Pinus sylvestris, on perpendicular limestone rock faces and fissures, 573 m, ! fertile, 2012, leg. A. Guttová, M.
Slovák & M. Gorylová (SAV).
Kazakhstan: Taldy-Kugan, 25 km E of Teleki, above mining community, 09.06.1993, leg. R. Moberg & A. Nordin
K5:03 (UPS).
Norway: Telemark, Bamble, Langesundtangen, 1997, leg. H. Bratli & E. Timdal 1096, 8738 (O); Telemark, Porsgrunn,
Kotøya, 1996, leg. H. Bratli & E. Timdal (O); Buskerud, Hole, Storøta nature reserve, S and W side of Storøya, 1997, H.
Bratli 1462 (O); Buskerud, Hole, the island Storøya in lake Tyrifjorden, 1981, leg. E. Timdal 3142 (O); Buskerud, Hole,
Buskerud, Hole, Lemostangen in lake Tyrifjorden, alt. 65 m, 1981, leg. E. Timdal no 3105 (O); Buskerud, Hole, cliffs S
of Stammes at the shore of lake Tyrifjorden, 1989, leg. J. Holtan-Hartwig & E. Timdal (O); Buskerud, Hole, limestone
cliffs c. 500 m SE of Bønsnes church, 1994, leg. R. Haugan & E. Timdal 7873 (O); Buskerud, Hole, Burudåsen, between
Kongelv and Kleiva, 1989, leg. J. Holtan-Hartwig & E. Timdal (O); Purkøya, the SW-side, 1997, leg. H. Bratli & E.
Timdal 8720 (O); Oppland, Vågå, Ekren, rest-area by main road, 1995, leg. R. Haugan. & E. Timdal 8101 (O); Nord-
Trøndelag, Steinkjer, Snåsavatnet, Hjartøya, 1998, leg. R. Hollås & R. Haugan 6402 (BG, O).
Slovakia: Kysucká vrchovina Mts, Kysucké Nové Mesto, Lopušné Pažitie, limestone outcrops on Prašivá Mt., 2002,
leg. A. Guttová (SAV); Strážovské vrchy Mts, ad rupes calcareas supra Súľov, 1922, leg. J. Suza (PRM, as A. deci-
piens, rev. H. & G. Czeika); Strážovské vrchy Mts, Manín, Malý Manín Mt., limestone crest Jašteričí hrebeň, fer-
tile, 2003, leg. A. Guttová, K. Kresáňová & J. Smatanová (SAV); Pieniny Mts, Červený Kláštor, National Nature
Reserve Prielom Dunajca, limestone cliffs on Poľana Mt., 2001, leg. A. Guttová (SAV); Ľubovnianska vrchovina
Mts, Jarabina, limestone cliff Čertova skala, 2001, leg. A. Guttová (SAV); Muránska planina Mts, Muráň, Cigánka
Mt., limestone outcrops on the summit, 2001, leg. A. Guttová (SAV); Muránska planina Mts, National Nature Reserve
Poludnica, Klin Mt., limestone outcrops, 2002, leg. A. Guttová, J. P. Halda & Z. Palice (SAV); Muránska planina Mts,
National Nature Reserve Javorníková, Vrbiarka Mt., fertile, 2000, leg. A. Guttová, J. P. Halda & Z. Palice (SAV).
Switzerland: Engadin, Ardez, 04.08.1927, leg. A. H. Magnusson 10906a (UPS); Wallis, Raron, top of Heidnischbiel,
limestone rock outcrops in grassy, south-facing slope, 750 m, 23.11.2012, p.p. fertile, leg. M. Schultz 08497a (herb.
M. Schultz); Wallis, Raron, limestone rock outcrops in south-facing, grassy slope near “Felsenkirche” and old fortress,
650 m, 23.11.2012, leg. M. Schultz 08460 (herb. M. Schultz).

4 Herzogia 26 (1), 2013
Fig. 1: Anema tumidulum, habitus, squamules with granulose surface and adnate apothecia with thick margin (BM-Isotypus),
section 9.4 mm.
Fig. 2: Anema tumidulum, habitus, single rosette shaped squamule with short marginal lobules and characteristic
granulose surface in the centre (Diederich 15689, herbarium P. Diederich), section 5.5 mm.

Jørgensen et al.: Validation of Anema tumidulum (Lichinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) 5
Fig. 3: Anema tumidulum,
anatomy, ecorticate and
unlayered sterile thallus
plectenchyma with single-
celled cyanobionts and
loose reticulate hyphae,
stained in lactophenol cot-
ton blue (BM-Isotypus),
section 219 µm.
Fig. 4: Anema tumidulum,
anatomy, unstained sec-
tion of mature apothecium
with thick thalline and
thin proper margin, club
shaped, thin walled as-
cus with hyaline, simple
spores (BM-Isotypus),
section 219 µm.
Fig. 5: Anema tumidulum,
anatomy, section through
juvenile apothecium with
narrow disc and bulging
thalline margin, proper
margin of few interwoven
hyphae, stained in lacto-
phenol cotton blue (BM-
Isotypus), section 438 µm.

6 Herzogia 26 (1), 2013
Fig. 6: Occurrence of Anema tumidulum in Europe.
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the curators of the above cited herbaria for assistance and Zdeněk Palice for putting his specimens
at our disposal. Matthias Schultz would like to thank Volkmar Wirth for access to material from SW Germany. We
thank Dušan Senko for elaboration of the map. Anna Guttováʼs work was supported by the project VEGA 2/0034/13.
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Adresses of the authors
Per Magnus Jørgensen, Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, Pb.
7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway. E-mail: per.jorgensen@um.uib.no
Matthias Schultz, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden of the University of Hamburg,
Ohnhorststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany. E-mail: matthias.schultz@uni-hamburg.de
Anna Guttová, Institute of Botany, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523
Bratislava, Slovakia. E-mail: anna.guttova@savba.sk