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Abstract

A new species of Psilocybe from Georgia is described as P. atlantis. The new species belongs to section Mexicana. Species in this section are typically hallucinogenic. This is the second species of Psilocybe reported from Georgia, only P. weilii (section Cordispora) was known previously from the state.
... Sclerotia atlantis se corresponde con la especie Psilocybe atlantis Guzmán, Hanlin & C. White, encontrada por primera vez en Georgia (USA). En la descripción original de la especie no se indica la presencia de esclerocio (GUZMÁN & al., 2003). ...
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ILLANA-ESTEBAN, C. (2011). Hallucinogenic truffles. Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 35: 187-190. The marketing of the sclerotia of some species of the genus Psilocybe, which are called hallucinogenic truffles is commented. Its cultivation and production began in Holland a few years ago after authorities banned the marketing of fresh mushrooms of the genus Psilocybe.
... Un dernier élément semblera étonnant pour les non mycologues : des espèces nouvelles sont régulièrement découvertes par les chercheurs. Pour la seule année 2003, par exemple, au moins trois espèces de Psilocybe hallucinogènes ont été décrites pour la première fois : Psilocybe moravica (55) en République tchèque, Psilocybe galleciae (56) en Espagne, et Psilocybe atlantis (57) aux États-Unis. Ces découvertes incessantes contribuent à rendre plus floues les limites d'une éventuelle liste des espèces hallucinogènes. ...
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L'usage recreatif des champignons hallucinogenes est maintenant bien etabli, en Europe et en Amerique du Nord. En Amerique Centrale, ils sont egalement utilises dans un but spirituel et religieux. Les principes actifs a noyau indolique sont la psilocine et la psilocybine. Le syndrome hallucinogene cause par quelques milligrammes de psilocybine est tres classique, avec depersonnalisation, euphorie et dysphorie. Le traitement est symptomatique. La liste des especes concernees et leur repartition sur les deux continents sont constamment revisees de maniere critique par les mycologues, et nous en presentons l'etat actuel. Le genre Psilocybe est le plus important, suivi par le genre Panaeolus. Le nombre d'especes potentiellement hallucinogenes avoisine 150 et nous en presentons une liste extensive s'appuyant sur 280 references bibliographiques. Les cas prouves d'intoxication chez l'homme restent cependant tres rares et le diagnostic est essentiellement clinique. La mise en evidence et le dosage de la psilocine dans le sang et l'urine sont maintenant parfaitement realisables par des methodes de chromatographie liquide et de chromatographie gazeuse couplee a un detecteur de masse. Les quelques cas decrits dans la litterature indiquent, pour la psilocine, des limites de quantification de l'ordre de 5 ng/mL dans l'urine. La detection dans l'urine peut se faire pendant les 2 ou 3 jours suivants une ingestion de champignons, et les prelevements biologiques doivent etre absolument proteges de l'oxydation.
Chapter
A substance having a profound or significant effect on mental processes is known as psychoactive (Appleton 1967). A psychoactive drug is also known as psychotropic drug (Appleton 1971). Some people refer psychoactive medicinal plants as mind alerting herbal drugs (Crocq 2007).
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A revision of 40 types from ten herbaria is presented to contribute to the taxonomic understanding of Psilocybe and Deconica. In all cases, descriptions of the types were completed, with characters not previously included such as the presence of pileocystidia, subhymenium type, and arrangement of the hyphae from pileus trama. We found that P. chiapanensis and P. subyungensis are synonyms of P. yungensis, P. bipleurocystidiata of P. subtropicalis, P. subacutipilea of P. mexicana, P. ochreata of D. montana, and P. overeemii is a synonym of D. neocaledonica. Also, five species that were formerly considered to be bluing actually correspond to the nonhallucinogenic genus Deconica: Psilocybe aureicystidiata, P. goniospora, P. neocaledonica, P. ochreata, and P. overeemii. Thus, the new combinations Deconica aureicystidiata, comb, nov., and Deconica neocaledonica, comb, nov., are proposed.
Article
A revision of 40 types from ten herbaria is presented to contribute to the taxonomic understanding of Psilocybe and Deconica. In all cases, descriptions of the types were completed, with characters not previously included such as the presence of pileocystidia, subhymenium type, and arrangement of the hyphae from pileus trama. We found that P. chiapanensis and P. subyungensis are synonyms of P. yungensis, P. bipleurocystidiata of P. subtropicalis, P. subacutipilea of P. mexicana, P. ochreata of D. montana, and P. overeemii is a synonym of D. neocaledonica. Also, five species that were formerly considered to be bluing actually correspond to the nonhallucinogenic genus Deconica: Psilocybe aureicystidiata, P. goniospora, P. neocaledonica, P. ochreata, and P. overeemii. Thus, the new combinations Deconica aureicystidiata, comb. nov., and Deconica neocaledonica, comb. nov., are proposed.
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Psilocybe hopii is described as a new species for science from the San Francisco Peaks Mountains, just north of Flagstaff, in north central Arizona, USA, in a Populus tremuloides forest with Pseudotsuga and Pinus. It is a bluing mushroom that belongs to the P. cyanescens-complex, but with special polymorphous cheilocystidia. The present article discusses its possible traditional uses as well as the relationship of the new species to the Hopi tribe of the region.
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An exhaustive world revision of all names considered in the genus Psilocybe s.l. is presented, of which the hallucinogenic species were treated with special emphasis. Seven hundred eighteen names related to Psilocybe were found reported in the bibliography, of which only 227 are accepted taxa in Psilocybe. The concept of the genus followed here is that of Guzmán 1983; therefore Hypholoma, Melanotus, and Stropharia were excluded. Moreover, 53 species of Psathyrella, many times related with Psilocybe, were also excluded. The hallucinogenic species are 144, which are distributed in all the continents, of which Latin America (including the Caribbae), has the top, with more than 50 species. There are only 22 species in Canada and the US, while Mexico is the country with the higest number in the world, with 53 species. Europe has only 16 species, Asia 15, Africa 4, and Australia and eastern islands 19. Some Psilocybe species are common in several countries or regions, as are P. cubensis and P. subcubensis in all the tropics; P. coprophila in many temperate and tropical regions; P. argentina in several high mountains or in the Austral and Boreal regions; and P. fimetaria and P. semilanceata in Europe, Canada, and the US, but unknown in Mexico.
Article
Psilocybe weilii from Georgia, U.S.A. (Section Cordisporae) is described as a new species. It grows on red clay soil under Liquidambar and Pinus trees. It is related to P. heliconiae, which is known only from a tropical rain forest at Colombia, but differs in the pleurocystidia and cheilocystidia, and in the smaller size of the basidiomata and in the weaker bluing reaction in that species.