Architectural concepts evolving from the general architectural principals adopted by the ISO OSI reference-modeling effort are applied to C
3 (command control, and communication) systems. The resulting C
3 reference model describes a framework for the evolution of a coordinated and detailed definition of C
3 discipline addressing complete C
3 systems, their
... [Show full abstract] resources, and inherent interactions. It includes generic and analog extensions to the ISO OSI reference model (RM). As such, it requires reinterpretations and generalizations that go far beyond the scope of the ISO OSI RM. The C3 RM includes the ISO OSI RM by adapting it for the communications types of interactions. In parallel, layers of three other complementary types of isomorphic interactions also provide services to the application layer