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Effects of Aqueous Extract of Allium sativum (Garlic) on Semen Parameters in Wistar Rats
Abstract
Garlic has been in use worldwide since ages, especially as food and for its health benefits. However, concern has been raised on its untoward effects on male reproductive functions. The present study examined the effects of aqueous garlic extract on some semen parameters and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase in Wistar rats. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were grouped into 3, and aqueous extract of garlic was administered orally at different doses (Group B: 500 mg/kg/d; Group C: 1000 mg/kg/d) to the 2 treated groups, and distilled water given to the control group (Group A), for 28 days. Sperm concentration, motility and morphology were studied, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured. The results of the semen analysis revealed reduction in all the parameters, which was dose-dependent. The percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa was significantly reduced, as well as sperm concentration, compared with findings in the control animals. Garlic also caused a significant reduction in SOD activity in the blood, and this was dose-dependent, as the least activity was recorded among the high dose group. As people desire to enjoy the maximum beneficial health effects of garlic, its potential to adversely affect the reproductive functions, especially at higher doses, should be borne in mind.
... The observed significant increase in left testes sperm reserves with increase in the level of garlic corroborates the report of Ekuma et al. (2017) that garlic has positive influence on sperm output in rabbit bucks. However, this contradicts the findings of Hammami et al. (2008) and Omotoso et al. (2009), which showed a decreased testicular sperm concentration in Wistar rats administered garlic. ...
... Banerjee et al. (2002), who reported that chronic garlic administration in rats increased SOD concentration significantly. However, Omotoso et al. (2009), reported a decreased concentration of SOD in Wistar rats treated with aqueous garlic extract. We attributed the differences to doses. ...
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of crude Allium sativum(garlic)in diets of rabbit bucks on sperm reserves, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Twenty-one bucks were used for the study and were randomly divided into 3 groups of 7 bucks each. Bucks in Group A served as control, while bucks in groups B and C were fed diets containing 2.5% and 5.0 % garlic respectively. The study lasted for 63 days after the period of acclimatization, Blood samples were collected on the last day of the study into collecting tubes without anticoagulant for serum antioxidant enzymes assay. Six bucks from each group were sacrificed and the testes and epididymis were harvested for sperm reserves determination. There were significant (P<0.05) increase in serum superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and a decrease in MDA concentration in serum of treated animals compared to bucks in the control. There were also significant (P<0.05) increase in sperm reserve of the left testis with increase in garlic dose. Both left and right cauda sperm reserves were significantly (P< 0.05) higher than the control in a dose dependent fashion. Testicular and epididymal reserves, showed increased number of sperm cells in the left testicles and epididymis than the right. Sperm reserve correlated positively with antioxidant enzymes and negatively with malondialdehyde concentration. From the result of the study it can be concluded that adding Allium sativum at 2.5% and 5.0 % in diets of rabbit bucks enhances serum antioxidant enzymes concentration, decreases MDA levels and improves sperm reserves concentration.
... These changes may be attributed to the reduction of lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant activities against free radicals. [14][15][16] In contrast, the antioxidant activities of garlic against erythrocyte superoxide anion, as measured by superoxide dismutase activity, have been shown to reduce significantly with a decrease in epididymal sperm concentration and sperm counts, [29] as opposed to what was observed in the present study. ...
... Despite the disparity in the findings in the previous study, [29] and the present study, a significant percentage increase in sperm viability was recorded in the present study and this agreed with another study which tested the effects of garlic extract on testis structure and sperm quality in rats treated with lead acetate. [30] LH and FSH are gonadotropins secreted by basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary gland. ...
Background: Allium sativum (Garlic) is widely used as a food flavour and it has antimicrobial medicinal purposes. It has other beneficial effects such as improving the cardiovascular and immune systems. The likely effect of garlic on the testicular functions remains controversial. Objective: To investigate the effects of fresh garlic on the fertility of male Wistar rats by quantitative determination of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, as well as the sperm properties. Methods: The aqueous extracts of garlic were administered to the animals through the oral route. Thirty-five male rats were categorized into seven groups, with five rats each distributed as follows: high-dose, medium-dose, low-dose that were administered 750, 500, and 250 mg/kg body weight dosages of the aqueous extracts, respectively. Others were the control group, which received no extract, and the recovery groups received the same doses of the extract. The recovery groups were left for additional twenty-one days without receiving the extract. Results: The results showed an increase in testosterone levels at medium to high-doses of the extract including sustained high levels in recovery groups. Also, there were increases in sperm motility and sperm viability. Conclusions: These findings suggest garlic may play beneficial roles in the reproductive functions of male Wistar rats. The mechanisms for these effects may involve the interplay of many currently unknown factors.
... Garlic is considered to be the best disease preventive plant among the Alliums because of its potent and widespread effect (Harunabu et al., 2001;Banerjee et al., 2002). It was reported that consumption of garlic compromised some male reproductive functions, such as spermatogenesis and testosterone levels (Dixit and Joshi, 1982;Hammami et al., 2008Hammami et al., , 2009Omotoso et al., 2009). On the other hand, garlic was reported to increase sperm concentrations and improve male reproductive functions (Al-Bekairi et al., 1990;Yuriko et al., 2001;Salah et al., 2014). ...
... However, this contradicts the findings of Hammami et al. (2008), who found out that after the administration of crude garlic at inclusion rate of 5.0%, 10%, 15% and 30% to wistar rats for 30 days, observed a reduction in sperm concentration at 10%, 15% and 30% doses. Omotoso et al. (2009) reported a decreased sperm concentration in wistar rat treated with 500 mg/kg/day and 1000 mg/kg/day of aqueous garlic extract for 30 days in a dose dependent manner. Saponin which is one of the constituents of garlic was reported to have some positive effects on libido and spermatogenesis (Francis et al., 2002) this probably may have had an effect on the sperm concentration in the treated groups. ...
... Garlic is reported to cause a dosedependent increase in the percentage of empty seminiferous tubules, thereby altering spermatogenesis and reducing testosterone secretion (Benerjee et al., 2001). It is also associated with the inhibition of Leydig steroidogenic enzyme expression and Sertoli cell markers, which are capable of inducing apoptosis in testicular germ cells that is the spermatocytes and spermatids (Omotoso et al., 2009). This contradicts Matthew, (2009) that garlic increased sperm output. ...
Twenty-five mature male crossbred (Chinchilla × California× New Zealand White × Dutch) bucks (aged between six and seven months) of average weight (1915±125 g) were used. The bucks were fed either of five diets with Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) as a complement and mixtures of either garlic, ginger or black pepper (spices) as supplements; diet one having no MOLM or spices; diet two having 6% MOLM; diet three having 6% MOLM with mixtures of 3.5 g garlic (GR) and 3.5g ginger (GG) per kg diet; diet four having 6% MOLM with mixtures of 3.5 g garlic (GR) and 3.5 g black pepper (BP) per kg diet; diet five having 6% MOLM with mixtures of 3.5 g ginger (GG) and 3.5 g black pepper (BP) per kg diet in a CRD for three months. Data was analyzed using the GLM procedure while mean separation was done using pairwise difference method of SAS. Significantly (p < 0.05) lowest testes weight was obtained for MOLM + GR + BP fed bucks. Total testes volume was significantly (p < 0.05) lowest for MOLM + GR + GG fed bucks. Total caudal epididymidis sperm reserves were significantly (p < 0.01) highest for MOLM fed bucks. Daily sperm production and daily sperm production per gramme parenchyma were not (p > 0.05) affected by MOLM or addition of the spices to the diets. It is concluded that testes volume was increased by 6% MOLM + 3.5 g GR + 3.5 g BP. Also, MOLM fed at 6% dietary level increased caudal epididymides sperm reserves.
... At higher doses, aqueous extract A. sativum reduced superoxide dismutase activity and the morphological structure of sperm cells. 54 A study conducted in 2013 backs up the use of A. ascalonicum for treating male infertility. After 14 days of treatment with oral doses of 0.5 and 10 g/100g body weight, streptozotocininduced diabetic mice showed an increase in gonadal index and sperm quality (Ampa et al., 2013). ...
According to the literature, approximately 32% of adult males in developing countries suffer from infertility,
however, majority of them use herbal remedies with reported benefits such as improved sperm quality,
sexual functions, libido and testosterone levels. Recently, the World Health Organization emphasized the
importance of documenting active medicinal plants used in various continents. Therefore, this present
review focused on the phytochemistry of medicinal plants reported for the treatment of low sperm
count in Oluponna area of Osun state, documented in an ancestral local record. Thirteen medicinal plants
were documented to be used for management of low sperm count among men in this community. The
plants listed in the document belong to ten families and 12 genera. The most cited family in this record
is Apocynaceae with three species of plants namely, Alstonia boonei, Laidolphia dulcis, and Rauwolfia
vomitoria respectively. Since this is the first review on the documentation of an ancestral knowledge
and application of medicinal plants as means of passing the knowledge from a generation to another
in Oluponna, additional toxicological and pharmacological studies are hereby recommended in order to
provide scientific rationale for the long-term knowledge and use of these plants.
... Garlic is reported to cause a dosedependent increase in the percentage of empty seminiferous tubules, thereby altering spermatogenesis and reducing testosterone secretion (Benerjee et al., 2001). It is also associated with the inhibition of Leydig steroidogenic enzyme expression and Sertoli cell markers, which are capable of inducing apoptosis in testicular germ cells that is the spermatocytes and spermatids (Omotoso et al., 2009). This contradicts Matthew, (2009) that garlic increased sperm output. ...
This study was carried out to evaluate testicular and epididymal weights, morphometry, sperm reserves and sperm production of rabbit bucks fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM), MOLM supplemented with garlic (GR), ginger (GG) or black pepper (BP). The diet was formulated to contain 6% MOLM and supplemented with GR, GG or BP at 700g/100kg diet. The study used 25 mature (age between 6 and 7 months and average weight of 2196±204 g) cross bred (mixture of crosses from California, Chinchilla, New Zealand White and Dutch rabbit bucks and lasted for three months. Parameters monitored was total testis volume, testes density, complete testis sperm reserve, complete caudal epididymides sperm reserve, daily sperm production (DSP) and daily sperm production per gram parenchyma (DSP/gP). A completely randomized design was used and the data obtained was analyzed using the general linear model procedure of SAS while means separation was done using pairwise difference (Pdiff) method. Total testis volume and testes density were significantly (P< 0.01) lower and higher respectively from the MOLM fed bucks than the supplemented groups. Complete testis sperm reserve was significantly (P<0.05) lowest in bucks fed MOLM + GG diet than the other groups. Complete caudal epididymides sperm reserve was also significantly (P<0.01) higher from MOLM fed bucks than the supplemented groups. DSP was significantly (P<0.05) lowest from MOLM + GR fed bucks. DSP/gP was significantly (P<0.01) highest from MOLM + BP fed bucks. It is recommended that to improve caudal epididymides, epididimydis sperm reserve and DSP/gP, rabbit bucks should be fed MOLM, MOLM + GG or MOLM + BP diets.
... Another work was done on mice to check the effect of aqueous extract of Choerospondias axillaris fruit commonly used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Mongolia [35]. In a study, aqueous extract of cloves of Allium sativum (Amaryl lidaceae) at the concentration of 500 and 1000mg/kg/day caused a significant reduction in percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa and sperm concentration in male rats, a significant decrease in SOD activity, decline in testosterone concentration and alteration in normal spermatogenesis [36]. ...
Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the antifertility potential of Asplenium dalhousiae Hook. and Mentha longifolia L. methanolic leaf extract using in vitro techniques in adult albino male mice.
Main method: Mice were dissected, testicular tissues collected and sliced into nine parts. Four different concentrations (1, 10, 100 and 1000μg/mL) of A. dalhousiae Hook. and M. longifolia L. were tested for 2 hours in 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C. Sample with distilled water served as a control.
Results: No significant alteration in testosterone was seen among treatment groups as compared to control. However, a significant reduction in antioxidant enzymes was observed in treated groups, leading to physiological changes on mice testes. These effects are thought to be mediated by oxidative stress induced by both extracts.
Conclusion: the study concluded that Asplenium dalhousiae Hook. is found to have more profound antifertility effects as compared to Mentha longifolia L. on male reproduction by targeting process of steroidogenesis.
Keywords: Asplenium Dalhousiae; Mentha Longifolia; In Vitro Studies;
Contraception
... Garlic (Allium sativum) as a phytomedicine is a specie in the onion genus and allium is one of the most researched plants, with a long history of medicinal uses (15). According to El Demerdash et al. (16), garlic contains sulphur, phosphorus, potassium, zinc ions, moderate amounts of selenium, vitamin A, vitamin C and small amounts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, vitamin B complex and allicin. ...
Background
Nicotine form the major constituent of consumed tobacco and cigarettes throughout the World resulting in oxidative stress while garlic and honey have been shown to contain numerous natural antioxidants. We investigated the role of combined effects of garlic and honey on nicotine induced Cerebellar and behavioral toxicity in Wistar rats.
Method
: Forty rats were divided into eight groups of five rats each. Group 1 received water only, Group 2 and 3 received 50 mg/kg of nicotine with garlic and honey at (300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) and (600 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg) respectively. Group 4 received 50 mg/kg of nicotine only, Group 5 received garlic 300 mg/kg and honey 1000 mg/kg before 50 mg/kg nicotine, Group 6 received garlic 600 mg/kg and honey 2000 mg/kg before 50 mg/kg nicotine. Group 7 and 8 received 50 mg/kg nicotine + 450 mg/kg garlic only and 1500 mg/kg honey only respectively. The administration was through oral route and lasted for 21 days respectively. Limb impairment and grip were conducted. After the administration, blood and cerebellum were harvested for lactate dehydrogenase assay, oxidative stress and histopathological analyses.
Result
There was significant decrease in body weight, grip strength and limb impairment in Group 4 with increase in Group 2 compared to the Control (p < 0.001). There was significant increase in LDH in Groups 2, 4, 7 and 8 with significant decrease in Group 3 compared to Group 1. The result showed significant decrease in SOD and CAT activities in all the groups compared to Group 1 (p < 0.001). Groups 1, 7 and 8 showed normal histology of the cerebellum while Group 4 showed areas of neuronal degeneration with distortions in histology and Groups 3, 5 and 6 showed few neural changes.
Conclusion
The study showed that garlic and honey may be useful in ameliorating nicotine toxicity dose-dependently which may be due to their antioxidant activity.
... Some of the most commonly plants used as male contraceptives include Abrus precatorius (Bajaj et al., 1981;Dixit et al., 1987;Sinha, 1990;Sinha and Mathur, 1990;Ratnasooriya et al., 1991;Jahan et al., 2009), Achyranthus aspera (Sandhyakumary et al., 2002), Albizia lebbek Linn. (Gupta et al., 2004;Gupta et al., 2005;Gupta et al., 2006), Allium sativum (Dixit and Joshi, 1982;Hammami et al., 2009;Omotoso et al., 2010), Azadirachta indica (Sinha et al., 1984;Sharma et al., 1987;Kasturi et al., 2002;Meymand et al., 2002;Mishra and Singh, 2005;Dehghan et al., 2009;Princewill Ogbuewu et al., 2009;Shaikh et al., 2009;, Balanites roxburghii (Dixit et al., 1981), Calotropis procera (Gupta et al., 1990), Carica papaya Linn (Das, 1980), Curcuma longa Linn. (Bhagat and Purohit, 2001), Embelia ribes Burm. ...
... Crushed galic (mixed with standard feed) Induction of apoptosis in testicular germ cells, antispermatogenic and antiandrogenic activities, Wistar rat [9] Bulb Aqueous extract Reduced sperm count, reduced sperm motility, reduction in morphologically normal spermatozoa Wistar rat [10] Bulb methanol Antifertility effect (no pregnancy after mating with fertile female mice) ...
Malaria, caused mainly by Plasmodium falciparum among other Plasmodium species, is one of the main causes of death from parasitic diseases. Malaria is still a health problem mainly because of the cost of effective antimalarial drugs and the growing parasite resistance to conventional antimalarial drugs, making a great proportion of the people in malaria endemic countries dependent on plants for its treatment. Corollary, a large number of the rural populations consume antimalarial herbal preparations in large or excessive quantities despite the fact that it has been reported that some of them could cause male-factor infertility, a growing global health concern. Few studies have compiled information on the scientifically validated male-factor antifertility effects of these antimalarial plant remedies. The aim of this review therefore is to compile information on commonly used antimalarial plant remedies that have been experimentally validated as having male-factor antifertility effects. Thus, antimalarial plant remedies with experimentally confirmed male-factor antifertility potentials and compounds isolated from them are identified and discussed. The male-factor antifertility effects of these plants include reduction of sperm quality, regulation of reproductive hormone levels and induction of lipid peroxidation. Indiscriminate use of such antimalarial plants is discouraged when male contraception is not desired.
... Other plants with androgenic properties affect the hypothalamus-pituitary axis and increase sex hormones (24). Garlic with its antioxidant properties, have been shown to increase the weight of the epididymis, seminal vesicles and increases the number of sperms (25). Garlic is one of the most potent and most prominent species of plants, which is a part of the onion family (7). ...
Introduction: Fertility in men mainly depends on the number, quality, motility, and morphology of the sperms, and disruption of each of these factors leads to infertility. A large number of couples suffer from infertility problems. Among the various therapies, medicinal herbs are used in many countries to treat male infertility. Current systematic review was conducted to study the effects of garlic on male fertility. Methods: The information of this systematic review was collected by searching the key words: treatment, fertility, infertility, male, herbal medicine, garlic, Allium sativum, medicinal plant, sperm, sex hormones, testis and spermatogenesis in international databases such as: Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Scopus and Embase until March 2018. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews and meta- analysis. and the SYRCLE risk of bias tool was used for qualitative assessment. Results: A total of 18 experimental studies were included in the study. Thirteen studies evaluated garlic and 5 studies compared garlic effect with adriamycin, titanium dioxide, furan, vitamin E, N-acetylcysteine and cadmium. All studies were conducted in in vivo condition. The results of the studies indicated the potential effect of garlic on enhancing fertility and spermatogenesis, increasing the level of testosterone and improving the testicular structure. Conclusion: Garlic can increase fertility probably due to its antioxidant properties. However, more clinical trials are recommended.
... Garlic (allium sativum) as a phytomedicine is a species in the onion genus, allium. Garlic is one of the most researched plants, with long history of medicinal use (Omotoso et al., 2009). Garlic contains sulphur, phosphorus, potassium and zinc ions, moderate amounts of selenium, vitamin A, vitamin C and smaller amounts of calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, B complex vitamins and allicin, a compound to trap free radicals (El Demerdash et al., 2005). ...
... Chronic administration (Dixit and Joshi, 1982) or excessive consumption (Hammami et al., 2008, Hammami et al., 2009 of garlic have been shown to result in the inhibition of spermatogenesis, and could compromise some other functions of the male reproductive system including testosterone production. The administration of aqueous extract of garlic at different doses also caused a reduction in sperm concentration and the percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa in wistar rats (Omotoso et al., 2010). ...
... Two doses of the plantain flour were prepared: 250 mg/kg/day and 500 mg/kg/day. The flour was dissolved in2ml of double distilled water, for easy administration.[13] ...
... The effect of onion and garlic on haematological parameters have been carried out extensively in many studies (Samson et al., 2012;Ugwu and Omale, 2011;Tende et al., 2012). Differing results have been recorded depending on the duration of the study, concentration of the Alliums administered and the method of analysis (Omotoso et al., 2009;Banerjee and Maulik, 2002). Samson et al. (2012) recorded a dose dependent significant (p<0.05) ...
This study was aimed at assessing the extent to which ingestion of Allium cepa (onion) Allium sativum (garlic) and treatment with iodine affect haematological parameters of albino Wistar rats. The effect on total hemoglobin, hematocrit (PCV%), red blood cells (RBC) and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were carried out. Oral administration of onion and garlic extract led to a dose dependent decrease in the total haemoglobin level of normal rats which was not statistically significant (p<0.05). Treatment with iodine led to a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in the total hemoglobin of the positive control group (treated with iodine only). Oral administration of onion and garlic extract to the normal rats led to a decrease in the hematocrit which was not statistically significant (p<0.05). Nonetheless, treatment with iodine led to a statistically significant (p<0.05) drop in the hematocrit of the iodine treated rats administered with high dose onion when compared to the control. In the normal rats, oral administration of high dose garlic and onion extracts led to a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the RBC when compared with the control group however the iodine treated groups recorded a drop which was statistically significant (p<0.05) in the low dose onion and garlic groups. From these results, it becomes imperative not just to consider the effects of these Alliums on the haematological parameters but to consider fortification with nutrients while embarking on the various forms of fortification with iodine. This is of particular importance mainly in areas where nutritional anemia is a concern.
... The treatment lasted for a period of 28 days.1011 ...
This study aimed at determining the effects of administration of mature green fruits of Musa paradisiaca on the semen quality of adult male Wistar rats.
THE ANIMALS USED FOR THE STUDY WERE GROUPED INTO THREE: the control group, given 2 ml of double distilled water, a low dose group given 500 mg/kg/day and a high dose group given 1000 mg/kg/day of the plantain fruits, which was made into flour, and dissolved in 2 ml of double distilled water for easy oral administration.
Significant increment in the semen parameters was noticed in animals that received a lower dose of the plantain flour, but those animals who received the high dose had marked and very significant reduction in sperm cell concentration and percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa.
Musa paradisiaca should be consumed in moderate quantities in order to derive its beneficial effects of enhancing male reproductive functions.
Population explosion is a main cause of poverty, health problems, pollution and illiteracy across the world especially in developing countries like India. Nature always has been a source of remedies, many plants and their products have been used in modern pharmacopeia to control and manage different kinds of diseases. A number of traditional medicinal plants extracts have been explored to evaluate effects on fertility in male and female animals and some of them have promising antifertility effects, since synthetic, hormonal and other contraceptives available for fertility control have some drawbacks and side effects in users. Survey of literature enumerates those medicinal plants which show antifertility and antimicrobial properties. In present review we aim to provide information about different medicinal plants with their botanical names, common names and name of their family those have been reported with their antifertility and antimicrobial activities.
Purpose: The study evaluated the semen, haematological and antioxidant status of rabbit bucks fed ginger, garlic and onion supplemented diets under a severely heat stressed condition. This is to evaluate the effect of heat stress and spice supplementation on seminal parameters, haematology and antioxidant capacity of rabbit buck raised in the tropics. Research method: Fifty - five bucks were allotted to 11 treatments comprising of control diet, three each of ginger, garlic and onion at 5g, 10g and 15g/kg feed plus positive control diet. Seminal, haematological and antioxidant traits of the bucks and their pen's Temperature – Humidity index (THI) were observed for 8 weeks. Findings: THI (29.30 - 31.10°C) recorded during the study indicated the prevalence of severe to very severe heat stress. Heat stress impacted negatively more on sperm morphology than on other seminal parameters. Sperm cell motility, viability and abnormality were similar within supplemented groups and the controls. Semen volume and concentration were highest in animals fed garlic at 10 and 15g/kg feed respectively. Spice supplementation had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the haematology and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the experimental animals. Originality/value: The study concluded that spice supplementation mitigated heat stress effect on sperm cell morphology and was not deleterious on haematology and TAC of the bucks.
Medicinal plants may prove useful in developing plant-based strategies for regulation of male fertility. The present review describes the antifertility potential of certain medicinal plants, viz. Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Allamanda cathartica and Bacopa monnieri in Parkes (P) male mice. The results suggested that treatment with the aqueous extracts of these plants caused reversible suppression of spermatogenesis and fertility in P mice and that there were no signs of detectable toxicity in treated mice. Further research needs to be done to develop plant-based strategies for control of male fertility.
Introduction: Male infertility is responsible for 30%-50% of infertility cases. Male fertility mainly depends on sperm morphology, quality, motility, and concentration, and abnormalities in any of these factors may result in male infertility. There are different herbal medicine with fertility and infertility characteristics in males throughout the world. The application of these plants in male fertility is of great importance, so that numerous studies have evaluated the effects of some of them. So, this study was performed with aim to evaluate herbal medicine with characteristics of fertility enhancing and infertility in males. Methods: To access the related articles, several databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Emro, WHO, IranMedex, SID, and Google Scholar were used. To collect the needed information, the studies were searched which contained the keywords of herbal medicine, male fertility, infertility, Daucus carota, Dendrophthoe falcate, either alone or in combination with other names of herbal medicine. The studies published during 2000-2015 were included. Finally, 80 papers with the most relevant topics were evaluated. Results: Based on the evaluated papers, Petroselinum crispum, Allium sativum, Matricaria chemmomilla, Crocus sativus L., Fumaria Parviflora, Origanum vulgarel L. spp. viride, and Daucus carota L. had male fertility enhancing properties. In contrast, Curcurma Longa, Piper nigrum, Achillea millefolium L., Capparis deciduas, Centella Asiatica, Allamanda cathartica, Aegle marmelos, Tinospora cordifolia, Martynia annua, Anethum graveolens, Mistletoe, Barleriaprionitis, and Abrus precatorius had male antifertility characteristics. Conclusion: The use of herbal medicine with fertility enhancing properties can be used as supplements or alternatives to fertility chemical drugs in men. On the other hand, it is recommended that plants with antifertility properties should be less used or be avoided by men with fertility abnormalities.
Besides of rapid progress and development of science in medicine field, faith in and popularity of traditional methods and natural products have not decreased. There are a huge number of studies which supports the antifertility effects of plants and their product. The present Study involves various natural plant drugs and their bioactive component which have antifertility property in male. This review may help to identify medicinal plants responsible for antifertility activity.
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