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Hair loss and herbs for treatment
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology
Abstract
Baldness:
or androgenetic alopecia directly distresses self-confidence affecting the individual's quality of life. Hair loss is therefore a significant psychosocial manifestation that worth much expense on treatment. Androgenetic alopecia is noticed as a slow transformation of large scalp terminal hair follicles to shorter, thinner, and less deep vellus hair with a much shorter anagen. Although minoxidil, finasteride, and dutasteride including other synthetic therapeutic agents are mostly used for alopecia treatment, their adverse effects encourage sorting of alternative efficient treatment agent with a limited side effect particularly herbs. Thus, this review briefly summarized causes of hair loss and emphasized on active ingredients for treatment in particular currently used herbs and the potential candidates. Treatment choices will be further wider and conclusively select herbs that fitting the consumers' preference.
... Its androgenic effect can be reduced by blocking the conversion of testosterone to DHT. Therefore, anti-androgenic substances, which inhibit the 5α-reductase enzyme or bind between the androgen receptor and DHT, may be useful for preventing AGA [3,4]. With respect to the treatment of AGA, minoxidil (as a topical medication) and finasteride have been used. ...
... These synthetic medications, however, have a number of limitations. Their safety and effectiveness are questionable, and the amount of time needed to achieve their effect is long [2][3][4]. Therefore, there is an interest in finding an alternative or new compound against hair loss, especially from natural plants and/or their active ingredients. ...
... The ideal treatment for hair loss is a combination of 5α-reductase inhibitors with hair growth-promoting substances [3]. Currently, natural extracts from several plants have been used for hair growth-promoting treatment in terms of 5α-reductase inhibitors, e.g., Carthamus tinctorius, Clitoria ternatea, Citrus hystrix, Ipomoea aquatica, Cassia siamea, and Rhinacanthus nasutus, and in terms of hair growth-promoting substances, such as Ginkgo biloba and Lawsonai inermis [4,5]. Moreover, naturally derived compounds have been reported to impact hair growth improvement, including fatty acid or linolenic acid, phytoestrogens, and proanthocyanidins [4]. ...
The hair growth-promoting activities of Thai native red (Sang-Yod-SY and Mun-Poo-MP) and black (Black glutinous-BG and Hom-Nil-HN) pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) extracts, including in vitro 5α-reductase inhibition, hair growth-promoting activity on human hair germinal matrix cells, and in vivo hair-cycle-converting activity in C3H/HeMlac mice, were investigated. Moreover, these extracts were determined to be safe via cytotoxicity (HaCaT cell) and in vivo irritation tests. The results showed that SY red rice extract with high contents of proanthocyanidin (1.50 ± 0.16 mgECE/g extract) exhibited significantly higher 5α-reductase inhibitory activity (18.5 ± 9.0 mgFEA/g extract) (p < 0.05). The maximum growth-promoting activity for human matrix cells treated with SY extract reached about 216.2 ± 0.7% (1 mg/mL) relative to control (100%) after 3 days culture (p < 0.05). Moreover, topical application of 1 mg/mL SY red pericarp rice extracts on shaven C3H skin in telogen phase led to significant hair regeneration (97.2 ±1.3%) based on the shaven area, while vehicle application only tended to yield a regeneration of 50.9 ± 11.7%. Red rice extracts were found to be safe, without signs of cytotoxicity and irritation. This research demonstrates the health benefits and safety of SY red pericarp extract when used for hair growing activity and its potential for use as a natural hair growth promoter and 5α-reductase inhibitor.
... There are also surgical procedures including hair transplantation which involves taking healthy hair follicles from one area of the scalp (typically the back or sides) and transplanting them to areas with thinning or no hair (Shapiro, 2007). However, these medications are associated with high costs and various undesirable side effects, including erectile dysfunction, abnormal ejaculation, reduced ejaculatory volume, sexual dysfunction, breast enlargement (gynecomastia), testicular pain, impaired muscle growth and severe myopathy (Lourith and Kanlayavattanakul, 2013;Rice, 1999). On such occasions, botanicals-derived hair-care products can offer long-term effective solutions with less or no irritation (Abelan et al., 2022). ...
... Some antioxidants have been shown to inhibit the production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone that can contribute to hair loss in individuals with androgenetic alopecia (male and female pattern baldness). By reducing DHT levels, antioxidants can help preserve hair follicles and promote hair growth in susceptible individuals (Baek et al., 2017;Lourith and Kanlayavattanakul, 2013). ...
Hair loss in adult men albeit common, can cause emotional distress. Many people with hair fall issues try chemical-based treatments that may lead to health complications and allergic reactions. Cosmetics using natural ingredients derived from plants have fewer side effects compared to synthetic alternatives. The study aimed to formulate herbal hair oil using various ingredients like castor oil, sunflower oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, pumpkin oil, etc. and evaluate its effectiveness in promoting hair growth and prevention of hair fall (HG-HF). Besides, the oil was supposed to provide a range of benefits for hair health, including preventing dandruff, improving scalp health, providing antioxidant properties, and thereby protecting against oxidative damage. The DPPH radical scavenging test was done to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the oils. Varying IC50 values were found such as olive oil and sunflower oil showed IC50 values of 3.79 μg/ml and 4.44 μg/ml respectively. Hence, these oils have significant antioxidant activity with a strong ability to scavenge or neutralize free radicals. A study was conducted on sixteen volunteers with hair loss, dandruff, and other hair problems to check the performance of the oil. 56.25% of the participants experienced increased hair growth and 50% reported a decrease in hair fall after using the oil for 3 months, with no remarkable side effects. Data demonstrated effectiveness and overall acceptable perception of the HG-HF oil by the participants. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(1): 9-18, 2024 (January)
... Aloe vera is a plant with succulents in the Liliaceae family, which includes tulips, lilies, onions, garlic, and asparagus. It is an extremely diverse family with respect to of appearances and scents, yet when it blooms, it unmistakably reveals its identity [82]. According to aloenin, which encourages hair development without causing irritation, Aloe vera gel has long been used to treat hair loss and was even said to increase hair growth after alopecia. ...
... Additionally, it is present in the regions of former Yugoslavia, Morocco, Tunisia, Spain, France, Italy, and the United States of America, as well as other countries in southern and northern Europe [85]. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant impact of Rosmarinus officinalis and its compounds that are bioactive on the human skin while also providing strong scientific support for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, and anticancer actions in dermatological practice with particular emphasis on newly discovered molecular processes at play [82]. Anagen, a temporary regressive phase, catagen, and telogen, the last resting period, are the three phases that make up the process of hair development. ...
Concern over hair loss is frequent among individuals of different ages and genders. While various treatments are available for hair loss, therapeutic plants have gained attention in recent years. Green therapy, is successful in boosting hair development and reducing hair loss, as is the usage of therapeutic plants for hair loss treatment. This review explores the causes of hair loss and the different therapeutic plants that are beneficial for hair loss treatment, such as Aloe vera, rosemary, ginseng and saw palmetto, among others. These plants contain natural compounds that can stimulate hair growth, improve scalp health, and reduce inflammation. The use of green therapy for hair loss treatment offers a natural and safe alternative to conventional treatments, and it is becoming increasingly popular among individuals who seek to improve their hair health without harsh chemicals. Furthermore, this review highlights the importance of further research on therapeutic plants for hair loss treatment and encourages the use of natural remedies for hair health.
... There are also surgical procedures including hair transplantation which involves taking healthy hair follicles from one area of the scalp (typically the back or sides) and transplanting them to areas with thinning or no hair (Shapiro, 2007). However, these medications are associated with high costs and various undesirable side effects, including erectile dysfunction, abnormal ejaculation, reduced ejaculatory volume, sexual dysfunction, breast enlargement (gynecomastia), testicular pain, impaired muscle growth and severe myopathy (Lourith and Kanlayavattanakul, 2013;Rice, 1999). On such occasions, botanicals-derived hair-care products can offer long-term effective solutions with less or no irritation (Abelan et al., 2022). ...
... Some antioxidants have been shown to inhibit the production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone that can contribute to hair loss in individuals with androgenetic alopecia (male and female pattern baldness). By reducing DHT levels, antioxidants can help preserve hair follicles and promote hair growth in susceptible individuals (Baek et al., 2017;Lourith and Kanlayavattanakul, 2013). ...
... In this kind of alopecia, genetic factors and age-related causes affect the androgen mechanism, which is the one allowing vellus hair to turn into longer, thicker, and darker terminal hair: the defect in this mechanism makes it function differently by stimulating the regression of hair follicles to turn into vellus hairs. Androgenetic alopecia is a dynamic and continuous hair loss problem, in which mast cells and lymphocytes are defined around the miniaturized follicle, rich in stem cells [18][19][20]. Although androgens play an important role in androgenetic alopecia, genetic predisposition is also important: genetic background plays an important role, with a rate of 0.81 in twin studies, thus showing familial clustering. ...
... In addition, it has been reported that epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the main component of tea polyphenols, can reduce the risk of androgenetic alopecia by inhibiting 5α-reductase, which increases hair growth in humans [96]. Essential fatty acids (linolenic, linoleic, oleic, myristoleic, palmitoleic, and stearic acids) found in olive oil, which has an important place in the MD, have inhibitory effects on 5α-reductase (5AR) that provide hair regrowth [4,18,97]. It has been reported that hair loss and depigmentation are seen in hair and eyebrows in people affected by linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid deficiency [83]. ...
Hair loss is a widespread concern in dermatology clinics, affecting both men’s and women’s quality of life. Hair loss can have many different causes, which are critical to identify in order to provide appropriate treatment. Hair loss can happen due to many variables, such as genetic factors or predisposition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, skin problems, hair growth disorders, poor diet, hormonal problems, certain internal diseases, drug use, stress and depression, cosmetic factors, childbirth, and the chemotherapy process. Treatment for hair loss varies depending on the type of alopecia, deficiency, or excess of structures such as vitamins and minerals, and also on hair and skin structure.
The Mediterranean diet is characterized by low amounts of saturated fat, animal protein, and high amounts of unsaturated fat, fiber, polyphenols, and antioxidants. The main nutrients found in the Mediterranean Diet are rich in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory components. It also has an important place in hair loss treatment, since recently treatment strategies have included polyphenols and unsaturated oils more and more frequently. The goal of this work was to review published articles examining alopecia and its types, the many micronutrients that affect alopecia, and the role of the Mediterranean diet in alopecia. The literature shows that little is known about hair loss, nutritional factors, and diet, and that the data collected are conflicting. Given these differences, research into the function of diet and nutrition in the treatment of baldness is a dynamic and growing topic.
... In this kind of alopecia, genetic factors and age-related causes affect the androgen mechanism, which is the one allowing vellus hair to turn into longer, thicker, and darker terminal hair: the defect in this mechanism makes it function differently by stimulating the regression of hair follicles to turn into vellus hairs. Androgenetic alopecia is a dynamic and continuous hair loss problem, in which mast cells and lymphocytes are defined around the miniaturized follicle, rich in stem cells [18][19][20]. Although androgens play an important role in androgenetic alopecia, genetic predisposition is also important: genetic background plays an important role, with a rate of 0.81 in twin studies, thus showing familial clustering. ...
... In addition, it has been reported that epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the main component of tea polyphenols, can reduce the risk of androgenetic alopecia by inhibiting 5α-reductase, which increases hair growth in humans [96]. Essential fatty acids (linolenic, linoleic, oleic, myristoleic, palmitoleic, and stearic acids) found in olive oil, which has an important place in the MD, have inhibitory effects on 5α-reductase (5AR) that provide hair regrowth [4,18,97]. It has been reported that hair loss and depigmentation are seen in hair and eyebrows in people affected by linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid deficiency [83]. ...
Hair loss is a widespread concern in dermatology clinics, affecting both men's and women's quality of life. Hair loss can have many different causes, which are critical to identify in order to provide appropriate treatment. Hair loss can happen due to many variables, such as genetic factors or predisposition, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, skin problems, hair growth disorders, poor diet, hormonal problems, certain internal diseases, drug use, stress and depression, cosmetic factors, childbirth, and the che-motherapy process. Treatment for hair loss varies depending on the type of alopecia, deficiency, or excess of structures such as vitamins and minerals, and also on hair and skin structure. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by low amounts of saturated fat, animal protein, and high amounts of unsatu-rated fat, fiber, polyphenols, and antioxidants. The main nutrients found in the Mediterranean Diet are rich in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory components. It also has an important place in hair loss treatment, since recently treatment strategies have included polyphenols and unsaturated oils more and more frequently. The goal of this work was to review published articles examining alopecia and its types, the many micronutrients that affect alopecia, and the role of the Mediterranean diet in alo-pecia. The literature shows that little is known about hair loss, nutritional factors, and diet, and that the data collected are conflicting. Given these differences, research into the function of diet and nutrition in the treatment of baldness is a dynamic and growing topic.
... El tratamiento más aceptado y eficaz para la alopecia androgenética se basa en la combinación de minoxidil tópico y algún inhibidor oral de la 5 alfa reductasa, que reduzca la conversión de testosterona a DHT, como los mencionados finasterida y dutasterida. Para obviar los potenciales efectos adversos de ambas medicaciones ha surgido un creciente interés en tratamientos que resulten eficaces para la alopecia androgenética [5][6][7][8]. Según Rondanelli et al [9], ese interés por los tratamientos botánicos y la fitoterapia para la caída del cabello y la alopecia existe y es cada vez mayor como demostraron en un interesante estudio bibliométrico. ...
... Los ácidos grasos láurico, oleico y mirístico, así como el beta-sitosterol serían los responsables de la inhibición de la 5 alfa reductasa. El mecanismo de acción de S. repens sobre el cabello sería, por tanto, similar al de finasterida [7]. Los fitosteroles y flavonoides ejercen su acción antiandrogénica a través de 2 mecanismos simultáneos; de SERENOA REPENS EN EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA ALOPECIA ANDROGENÉTICA. ...
"Introducción. Serenoa repens es una planta cuyos frutos se han utilizado para tratar diferentes patologías, como la hiperplasia de próstata y otros problemas urológicos. Recientemente, se ha propuesto para el tratamiento de la alopecia androgenética. El objetivo es revisar la evidencia científica actual disponible sobre el tratamiento de la alopecia androgenética con extracto de S. repens. Material y método. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura científica sobre S. repens para el tratamiento de la alopecia androgenética, teniendo en cuenta el mecanismo de acción, eficacia, y posibles limitaciones de su empleo. Resultados. Existen pocos estudios de calidad sobre S. repens para el tratamiento de la alopecia androgenética y los que hay incluyen pocos pacientes. S. repens tiene diferentes mecanismos de acción, entre ellos es importante la inhibición de los andrógenos en el folículo piloso; aunque no se ha encontrado una estandarización de las dosis para el tratamiento de la alopecia con S. repens. Conclusión. La evidencia científica sugiere que S. repens es eficaz para el tratamiento de la alopecia androgenética, aunque su potencia es menor que finasterida. Se precisan nuevos estudios, bien diseñados, que permitan confirmar la utilidad de este producto."
... The bean of coffee contains 10-12% oil, which is composed of fatty acids important for skin and hair esthetic conditions [4][5][6], i.e., linoleic (44%), palmitic (34), oleic (9) and stearic (7%) acids. The unprocessed and processed coffee beans are mostly identical in coffee oil quality and are substantively supplied for certain industries [7]. ...
... Natural extracts with high UFA contents are more beneficial for health [31]. Linoleic and oleic acids are important UFAs for cosmetics [4][5][6]. Of these, the potency of linoleic acid against melanogenesis is superior to that of oleic acid. ...
Background
Coffee beans contain oil with health benefits from fatty acids. The unprocessed and processed coffee beans are mostly identical in coffee oil quality and are substantively supplied for certain industries. However, the cost-effective valorization of specialty ingredients from spent coffee grounds for cosmetics is sparely presented. Linoleic acid-rich spent coffee oil, as a specialty material for skin lightening and antiaging cosmetics, is objectively to be presented.
Results
Spent coffee oils were prepared by different methods. The most cost-effective material with a high extraction yield, linoleic acid content and unsaturated/saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) ratio (13.21 ± 0.25, 32.09% and 0.97) was modified. The modified oil was boosted in linoleic acid (77.20% or 140.57% improvement) and the UFA/SFA ratio (33.12). The physicochemical properties of the oil were applicable for cosmetics as per its safety profiles in B16F10 melanoma and normal human skin fibroblast cells. The oil significantly better inhibited cellular melanogenesis than kojic and linoleic acids ( p < 0.01), with prominent tyrosinase and TRP-2 inhibitions. The cellular antioxidant activity of the oil was comparable to those of ascorbic and linoleic acids. The collagen stimulating efficacy of the oil was significantly better than that of ascorbic but comparable to that of linoleic acid as indicated by the MMP-2 inhibitory activities ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively).
Conclusions
The oil is a specialty material for skin brightening and skin wrinkle reduction/skin elasticity improvement products. A successive circular bioeconomy of spent coffee ground waste in a more profitable cosmetic industry is indicated.
Graphic abstract
... The telogen phase is characterized by lack pigment-producing melanocytes, the hair shaft transformed to club hair and at the end shed off. The follicles will remain in telogen phase until the hair germ receive and responsive to the signal for initiating anagen phase from the dermal papilla (Lourith and Kanlayavattanakul, 2013). A solid, dry and has white material at the root of the hair will revel when the hair is pulled that in this telogen phase. ...
... Therefore in the present study, these plants have been used to study its promoting effect of hair growth. This plant was found potently inhibit 5αreductase that said help in treating or prevent hair loss due to the androgenic effect (Kumar et al., 2012;Lourith and Kanlayavattanakul, 2013). T. orientalis leaves are used as part of the plant that contains the promoting effect of hair growth. ...
Hair loss or alopecia is a common dermatological issue that can affect millions of human population of all ages and both gender, male and female. Frequently, alopecia has been found to be associated with significant adverse effects or reduction of psychological and self-esteem. Consequently, this may lead to psychological problems such as depression and anxiety, thus it may negatively impact the quality of life as well. There are several types of hair loss including androgenetic alopecia (AGA), alopecia areata (AA), alopecia totalis (AT), Alopecia Universalis (AU), cicatricial alopecia (CA), senescent alopecia (SA), traction alopecia (TA) and telogen effluvium. However, this review will focus on the androgenic alopecia only. Androgenic alopecia (AGA) also known as male pattern baldness is referred to as hair loss that often occurs in men after puberty caused by the androgen. In addition, this review will discuss on the hair growth cycles and their mechanism on the androgenic alopecia and lastly the management of androgenic alopecia using plant derivatives and methods used in order to prolong the efficacy of androgenetic alopecia treatment.
... [11][12][13][14] Alternate to the pharmacological approaches are the Ayurvedic treatments which utilize a variety of herbs to promote hair health and growth while balancing the body's doshas. 15 Key herbs include Bhringraj, known for its ability to strengthen hair follicles and improve circulation; Amla (Phyllanthus emblica L.), rich in vitamin C and antioxidants that nourish the scalp; Guduchi or Kari Patta (Azadirachta indica), which has antimicrobial properties to combat scalp infections; Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), which helps reduce stress and hormonal imbalances; fenugreek, often used for its ability to strengthen hair and reduce dandruff, which can enhance hair shine and promote growth. 16,17 Additionally, Coconut oil and Sesame oil are commonly used for scalp massages, while Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi), Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna), Tagara (Valeriana wallichii) are valued for their calming effects and ability to promote healthy hair. ...
Background: Male androgenetic alopecia (MAA) is the most common form of hair loss in men, influenced by genetics, hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, and stress. While treatments like minoxidil address symptoms, they do not target underlying causes. This study compares the effectiveness of a customized regimen versus minoxidil in treating male pattern hair loss (MPHL) in men with MAA stages 2-4. Methods: A 6-month, single-blinded, randomized, controlled study with 135 adult males (stages 2-4 MAA) was conducted. Participants were assigned to group A (holistic hair treatment regimen), group B (minoxidil), or group C (placebo). Baseline and follow-up assessments (2, 4, and 6 months) included dermatological and Trichoscan® assessments, imaging, and self-assessment questionnaires. Results: 6 months of TrichoScan® assessment showed a 3.16-fold increase in hair density for group A compared to group B and 5.82-fold compared to group C. Groups A and B showed significant improvements over group C. Conclusions: The holistic hair treatment regimen proved to be more effective than minoxidil for treating MAA stages 2-4, offering a promising alternative to traditional treatments.
... It is a source of minerals which are also necessary for hair growth. [18 ...
This project conclude that the guidelines provided on the use of herbal hair oil having minimal or no side effects. All the parameters showed that they are within the limits and since all the ingredients added have many advantages, this oil will help in maintaining good growth of hair, turning grey hair to black, protects from dandruff and results in lustrous looking hair. Herbal hair oil is one of the most well recognized hair treatments. Herbal hair oil not only moisturizes scalp but also reverses dry scalp and dry hair condition. It provides numerous essential nutrients required to maintain normal function of sebaceous glands and promotes natural hair growth. Overall, the formulated herbal oil provides many nourishing value to hair such as vitamins, minerals, and essential oils. The product is within the limits. In conclusion, oil is beneficial to prevent hair from damage and loss caused by pollution and dull hair. And provide an alternative source from hazardous chemicals.
... The causes of hair loss are not yet fully understood, and its full medical treatment has not been satisfactorily developed. One of the main causes of hair loss is iron deficiency i.e., anaemia 9 . There are various hair loss treatments, but none of them is 100% effective. ...
Hair plays a crucial role in the human body and it is imperative to uphold a healthy scalp. Various factors, including hormonal influences, age, gender, pollution, and food habits impact the hair. Herbal ingredients such as amla, hibiscus, brahmi, neem, saw palmetto etc are widely used to treat hair disorders such as premature hair loss, dandruff, and canities. Herbal ingredients may be used in hair shampoos, oils, tonics, serums, gels, conditioners etc. This article offers a detailed examination of the utilisation of natural components in hair care products, emphasising their importance and advantages in supporting scalp health, encouraging hair growth, and improving overall hair condition. It also reviews the sensory aspect and potential aromatherapy of herbal hair treatments. The article addresses the challenges and considerations related to herbal formulations, such as individual sensitivities, shelf life, and the need for transparency in labelling.
... Do đó, mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là xây dựng công thức nhũ tương tạo bọt chứa tinh dầu vỏ bưởi. Dạng bào chế được lựa chọn là vi nhũ tương nhằm kết hợp pha dầu là tinh dầu vỏ bưởi với pha nước với mục đích cải thiện khả năng phân tán của tinh dầu, có thể dễ dàng kết hợp với các thành phần dược liệu khác để phát triển các sản kích thích mọc tóc (Lourith et al., 2013) hoặc sát khuẩn, làm sạch (Parekh et al., 2005)... Đồng thời khảo sát lựa chọn các chất tạo bọt có nguồn gốc thiên nhiên để xây dựng công thức nhũ tương tạo bọt an toàn, khắc phục được các nhược điểm của các dạng bào chế khác và tiện sử dụng. Trong nghiên cứu này, nhũ tương tạo bọt chứa tinh dầu vỏ bưởi sau khi xây dựng sẽ được đánh giá tác dụng kháng khuẩn và kháng nấm. ...
Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu là xây dựng một công thức nhũ tương tạo bọt chứa tinh dầu vỏ bưởi (Citrus grandis) và đánh giá hoạt tính kháng khuẩn của nó. Nghiên cứu đã khảo sát các thông số: tỷ lệ chất tạo bọt, loại chất nhũ hóa, tỷ lệ chất nhũ hóa và ethanol trong Smix, tỷ lệ Smix và tinh dầu cần thiết để đạt được sự hình thành nhũ tương. Kết quả cho thấy tỷ lệ giữa chất tạo bọt cocamidopropyl betaine và decyl glucoside là 1:1 (kl/kl); tỷ lệ tinh dầu vỏ Bưởi sử dụng là 5% với chất nhũ hóa cremophor RH 40 và ethanol lần lượt là 7,59% và 5,10%. Công thức nhũ tương tạo bọt hơi đục, có mùi thơm của tinh dầu vỏ bưởi, pH 7,02, tỷ trọng 1,05 g/mL, mật độ bọt tạo ra 0,103 g/cm3. Sản phẩm nhũ tương tinh dầu vỏ bưởi có khả năng kháng lại các chủng Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus và Candida albicans với MIC lần lượt là 10%, 10%, 20% và 20%.
... Additionally, the ability of ROS to increase vascularization and blood circulation facilitates the rejuvenation of hair follicles (Gonz� alez-Minero et al. 2020). Moreover, it was discovered that the ROS attain antioxidant, antidandruff, sebum reducing abilities, and the ability to increase hair density and the proportion of anagen hair to total hair (Bureau et al. 2003;Lourith and Kanlayavattanakul 2013). Thus, the developed OPT-ROSMS gel shows great promise in enhancing the topical delivery of ROS, effectively overcoming its volatility and low permeability to promote hair growth. ...
Individuals experiencing hair loss, irrespective of gender, confront significant psychological challenges. This study explores the untapped potential of rosemary oil (ROS) to stimulate hair growth, addressing its limited permeability. The focus is on innovating ROS-loaded microsponges (MS) for enhanced topical application. Utilizing Box-Behnken design (33), the study optimizes ROS-MS compositions by varying solvent volume, polymer mix, and drug concentration. The optimized ROS-MS formulation exhibits noteworthy attributes: a 94% ± 0.04 production yield, 99.6% ± 0.5 encapsulation efficiency, and 96.4% ± 1.6 cumulative ROS release within 24 hours. These microsponges exhibit uniformity with a particle size of 14.1 µm ± 4.5. The OPT-ROSMS-gel showcases favorable characteristics in appearance, spreadability, pH, drug content, and extrudability. Ex-vivo skin deposition tests highlight heightened permeability of OPT-ROSMS-gel compared to pure ROS-gel, resulting in three-fold increased follicular retention. In-vivo studies underscore the superior efficacy of OPT-ROSMS-gel, revealing enhanced hair development in length, thickness, and bulb diameter, surpassing ROS-gel and minoxidil by approximately 1.2 and 1.5 times, respectively, along with nearly two-fold increase in β-catenin levels. In conclusion, microsponges emerge as a promising ROS delivery method, effectively addressing hair loss. This research advances hair loss treatments and underscores the significance of this innovative paradigm in fostering hair growth.
... Linoleic and α-linolenic acids are the cosmetic active ingredients with skin, hair and nail nourishing efficacies. They are applicable to be used for inflammatory, dandruff and hair loss treatments with the potency for hair growth stimulation 9 . Their anti-inflammatory activities efficiently versatile their used in acne care products 6 . ...
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) oil is constituted with macronutrients and the health benefit fatty acids. In this context, the efficient of Sacha inchi oil for anti-aging product is presented. The light-clear yellowish seed oil of Sacha inchi was revealed on its physicochemical properties that are in the same range of the commercializing plant-oil supplied for topical products. The oil was GC/MS exhibited to be constituted with α-linolenic (51.72%) and linoleic (24.3%) acids, with unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio of 21.26. The oil was noted onto its potent in vitro antioxidant activity assessed by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays. In addition, the oil (1-3%) was proved to be safe in normal human fibroblast cells. Furthermore, the oil exhibited cellular antioxidant with inhibitory effect against MMP-2. Sacha inchi oil is therefore highlighted as a potential source of nutraceutical especially for anti-aging product. The oil is specified for the product development in terms of physicochemical, chemical and biological profiles. Innovative processing of Sacha inchi is therefore encouraged as the promising plant for anti-aging product.
graphical abstract Fullsize Image
... However, a hair implant from an undamaged donor area can be used [7]. Non-scarring alopecia: it is the result of a dysfunction of the hair follicle, the follicle remains alive, so recovery is possible, so in this classification there are several types, among which are: alopecia areata or the different "Efluvios", which are temporary hair loss [8] , and Androgenetic Alopecia. ...
... The number of publications describing the discovery, development, and research on the mechanisms of the anti-hair loss and pro-hair growth effects of natural herbal/marine phytoextracts, or of their isolated substances has been growing exponentially. The dedicated comprehensive reviews of analytical, preclinical, and clinical data are many [13,20,21], even if the balance of phytochemical and preclinical in vitro/in vivo publications is in great advantage as compared to clinical works. Many herbal-derived actives and their combinations have been used in folk complementary and alternative medicine (Korean, Chinese, Indian, East Asian, etc.) for centuries [10,13,21]; however, the information about the mechanisms of their hair loss preventive and curative effects was lacking until recently. ...
Plant-derived secondary metabolites (polyphenols/terpenes/alkaloids) and microbial exometabolites/membrane components of fermented tropical fruits are known as highly bioavailable biomolecules causing skin and hair improvement effects (wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiacne, skin/hair microbiota balancing, hair growth-promoting, and hair loss-inhibiting). Caffein is considered as a hair growth promoter. A randomized placebo- and caffein-controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of fermented papaya (FP) plus fermented mangosteen (FM) towards human hair quality and loss was conducted. Shampoo and lotion hair care products containing FP, FM, and caffein as active agents were developed and applied to 154 subjects of both sexes with clinically confirmed androgenic or diffuse alopecia for 3 months. Their clinical efficacy was assessed subjectively by questionnaires filled in by dermatologists/trichologists, and by the objective trichomicroscopical calculations. Hair and scalp skin quality was determined by microbiota pattern and ATP, SH-groups, protein, and malonyl dialdehyde quantification. Comparative clinical data showed that the experimental hair care cosmetics significantly inhibited hair loss, increased hair density/thickness, and improved hair follicle structure versus placebo and caffein controls. The cosmetics with FP and FM substantially normalized the microbiota pattern and increased ATP content in hair follicle, while inhibiting lipid peroxidation in the scalp skin, and SH-group formation in the hair shaft.
... The treatment of alopecia is sometimes impossible due to genetic predisposition, advanced age and the current lack of knowledge concerning the molecular pathways that control normal hair follicle growth and cycling [4,5]. However, food supplementation by minerals, vitamins and antioxidants is often applied to slow down hair loss by correcting dietary inefficiencies which lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [6]. ROS promote a state of inflammation and oxidative stress which harms hair growth, so the consumption of natural chemical compounds with free radical scavenging activity, such as polyphenols, phytosterols, phytoestrogens, fatty acids and terpenoids, helps to prevent alopecia by blocking the harmful effects of ROS and of some hormones such as androgen [4,7]. ...
Food supplements based on antioxidants and vitamins are often prescribed to correct inefficiencies in the human diet and delay diseases such as premature aging and alopecia (temporary or permanent hair loss), given the free radical scavenging activity of these biomolecules. By reducing the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote abnormal hair follicle cycling and morphology, follicle inflammation and oxidative stress are reduced, minimising the effects of these health issues. Gallic acid (GA), which is significantly present in gallnuts and in pomegranate root bark, and ferulic acid (FA), commonly found in brown rice and coffee seeds, are very important antioxidants for the preservation of hair colour, strength and growth. In this work, these two secondary phenolic metabolites were successfully extracted in the Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS) {ethyl lactate (1) + trisodium citrate (2) + water (3)} and {ethyl lactate (1) + tripotassium citrate (2) + water (3)} at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa, moving towards the application of these ternary systems in extracting antioxidants from biowaste and their a posteriori processing as food supplements for hair fortification. The studied ATPS provided biocompatible and sustainable media for the extraction of gallic acid and ferulic acid, yielding low mass losses (<3%) and contributing to an eco-friendlier production of therapeutics. The most promising results were obtained for ferulic acid, which attained maximum partition coefficients (K) of 15 ± 5 and (3 ± 2) · 10¹ and maximum extraction efficiencies (E) of (92.7 ± 0.4)% and (96.7 ± 0.4)% for the longest tie-lines (TLL = 69.68 and 77.66 m%) in {ethyl lactate (1) + trisodium citrate (2) + water (3)} and {ethyl lactate (1) + tripotassium citrate (2) + water (3)}, respectively. Moreover, the effect of pH on the UV-Vis absorbance spectra was studied for all the biomolecules to minimise errors in solute quantification. Both GA and FA were found to be stable at the used extractive conditions.
... racemosafruits showed a correlation of higher crude fiber content; regarded as beneficial for human health, especially to improve the gastrointestinal system, regulate blood sugar levels and prevent colon cancer. [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] ...
Pimentaracemosavar.racemosa(Myrtaceae) is a Caribbean arboreal plant known as Bay rum, with a special interest for the cosmetics industry, due to its essential oil. In present study, proximate composition and mineral content of Bay rum fruits was analyzed and results compared to the USDA (2012),1 through the nutrient database for Pimentadioicafruits. The results of bromatologic test of Bay rum revealed a high content of crude fiber (39.46%) and ashes (18.58%). Furthermore, minerals such as potassium (K) and zinc (Zn), found in ashes by using ICP-AES, revealed a higher content of these (6.6 and 1.1 times, respectively), comparing to P. dioica. Bay rum fruits might be considered as possible source of Zn and K for human and animal consumption. Additionally, the high crude fiber content might contribute to blood sugar levels regulation and also to reduce developing gastrointestinal diseases such as colon cancer. Keywords: Pimentaracemosa, fruits, proximate analysis, minerals, potassium, zinc
... Chanchanok and others evaluated green tea hair tonic for the oily scalp in 20 volunteers. They concluded that this tonic reduces sebum secretion, hair loss, and dandruff [121]. The acetone extract of Camellia sinensis is active against candida species, having antifungal activity [122]. ...
Polymer, lipid, and natural protein-based hair care nanocarriers are in preclinical testing. Nanomedicine has enhanced therapeutic efficacy and decreased side effects. This review examines herbal nanomedicine for hair care. We also reviewed the hair cycle, its morphology, and the mechanisms of herbal-based medicine that regulate the hair cycle to treat hair loss. Nano-formulations have better solubility, permeability, therapeutic efficacy, and prolonged distribution than standard herbal medicines. This review also discussed the nanotechnology barrier and nano formulations for hair loss and growth and includes a recent herbal nanomedicine study. Researchers interested in using herbs to treat hair problems and clinically translating hair care products may find the results presented significant.
... Hair loss or alopecia is a common condition that poses a psychological, social, and economic burden, thereby hindering the quality of life [5]. Therefore, several studies are being conducted to treat and prevent hair loss, including the development of drugs and cosmetics [6][7][8][9]. Owing to the increased medical and cosmetic demands in hair care, several studies are being conducted to screen for candidate therapies to promote hair growth or prevent hair loss [10]. However, the 2D-cultured cells traditionally used for cell-based screening assays are physiologically different from in vivo cells [11]. ...
We aimed to establish screening and efficacy test techniques for use in the development of hair-promoting agents. To this end, we used the dermal papilla cell (DPc)-derived immortalized cell line (SV40T-hTERT DPc) and neonatal foreskin-derived keratinocyte cell line (Ker-CT) to form an immortalized cell-based hair follicle-like structure. The SV40T-hTERT DPc spheroids exhibited a higher cell ratio in the spheroids than primary DPc spheroids, and SV40T-hTERT DPc aggregated with spheroids larger in diameter than primary DPc when the same cell number was seeded into the low-adhesion plate. Microscopic imaging and fluorescence staining results indicated that both primary and immortalized cell combinations form a hair follicle-like structure with a long-stretched keratinocyte layer under the condition that the spheroids have the same diameter as that of in vivo dermal papillary tissue in the hair follicle. The hair follicle-like structure elongation was increased upon treatment with three known hair follicle growth-promoting compounds (minoxidil, tofacitinib, and ascorbic acid) compared with that in the control group. Therefore, using immortalized cells to generate a coherent follicle-like structure, we have developed models for screening and evaluating hair-care materials commonly used in the industry.
... Promoting anagen elongation and the telogen-to-anagen transition is crucial for maintaining healthy hair. In turn, the hair cycle transition is controlled by various growth stimulatory or inhibitory factors [6][7][8][9], many of which are expressed in the hair follicles. Ki67, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), Gprotein coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (Gprc5d), and keratin 27 (Krt27) act as hair growth stimulators, whereas transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) is a hair growth suppressor [10]. ...
Fish-derived collagen has recently emerged as an alternative collagen source with bioactive properties, including the enhancement of hair and skin health. It is also cost-effective and has high bioavailability, in addition to having fewer side-effects compared to collagen from porcine skin or bovine skin. Collagen peptides (CPs) extracted from the scales of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) reportedly promote hair and skin health. This study sought to evaluate the effects of CPs on hair growth using in vitro and in vivo models. CP significantly enhanced hair regrowth and the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro. CP was orally administered to C57BL/6 mice for 6 weeks to confirm the hair-growth-promoting effects. The mice were divided into four groups: negative control (distilled water), positive control (1 mg/kg of finasteride), CP500 (500 mg/kg of CP), and CP1000 (1000 mg/kg of CP). CP treatment significantly enhanced the proliferation of hDPCs compared to 0.2 μM finasteride, in addition to enhancing hair regrowth. Particularly, CP1000 treatment achieved a hair-growth index similar to that of the PC. In H&E staining, the CP groups exhibited a high A/T ratio. Furthermore, CP increased the expression of hair growth factors (IGF-1, VEGF, krt27, Gprc5d, and Ki67) and decreased the growth inhibitory factor (TGF-β1). Furthermore, CP significantly upregulated the Wnt/β-catenin pathways and downregulated the BMP pathways. Therefore, these results indicate that CP could be used as food supplements and nutraceuticals for hair loss prevention as well as hair regrowth during alopecia.
... Thus, androgenic baldness, or common hair loss, is a natural phenomenon related to aging and occurs in both sexes [2,8]. Studies have revealed that mammalian hair follicles have three growth phases: the anagen (growth), catagen (transfer), and telogen (rest) [9,10]. The duration of each phase varies depending on the person's anatomy, nutritional and hormonal status, and age. ...
Background: Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a common hair loss disorder seen in both males and females and continues by presenting thinning and miniaturization because of androgens, genetics, extracellular matrix (ECM) protein destruction, and micro-inflammation. The most common treatments for AGA used in males are minoxidil and finasteride. These drugs have an effective role in the recovery and retardation of hair loss; however, there are different side effects and limitations to their efficacy. Materials and Methods: In this research, we compared the effectiveness of the Trust tonic’s active complex, Capixyl, Procapil, and rosemary extract (CPR), and 2% minoxidil solution in reducing hair loss and stimulating hair growth. The study was conducted on two groups of male subjects with an average of 45 years for twenty-four weeks using 1 ml of each solution everyday in the morning and evening.
... In addition, it has been reported that trifasciatine, steroidal saponins, pyranoisoflavones, palmitic acid, quinolones, campesterol, pyridine, phytol, cyclocarya, and tocopherols can interact with androgen receptors. 12,13 The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the thyroid-steroid receptor superfamily that regulates transcription factors. 14 Testosterone (T) and Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) activate AR, which governs and reduces androgen sensitivity in dermal papillae cells, causing hair loss. ...
Alopecia is a condition characterized by excessive hair loss. This condition can be caused by various factors, such as heredity, aging, drugs, or lifestyle. This study aims to determine the affinity, stability, and pharmacokinetic profiles of several bioactive compounds from the Sansevieria trifasciata plant as anti-alopecia by applying the In-Silico method. Molecular simulation of forty-nine bioactive compounds was successfully docked to the active site of the androgen receptor (AR). The best compounds 1,2-(dipalmitoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosylglycerol, Sansevierigenin, and Spirosta-5,25(27)dien-1b,3b-diol-1-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1,2)-a-L-arabinopyranoside showed stable results after 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation based on the root mean square deviation (RMSD) and the root mean squared fluctuation (RMSF). The binding free energy calculation using the MM-PBSA method and pharmacokinetic profiles of these three compounds showed satisfactory results compared to the minoxidil.
... Androgen regulates the change of vellus hairs to terminal hairs which are longer, thicker, and darken in color [5]. Androgenetic alopecia is noticed as a slow transformation of terminal hair follicles to shorter, thinner, and shallower vellus hair with a much shorter anagen phase [6]. Testosterone is a major male androgen associated with hair loss. ...
Pumpkin seed oil (PSO)-loaded niosomes were prepared from Tween 20 and cholesterol by ethanol injection. Confocal microscopy showed better skin permeation and hair follicle accumulation of the niosomes compared to the PSO solution. The PSO-loaded niosomes inhibited 5α-reductase activity in DU-145 cells and hindered IL-6 activity in RAW 264.7 cells. These effects indicated the great potential of PSO-loaded niosomes to reduce hair loss. The hair scalp serum with PSO-loaded niosomes did not show irritation to reconstructed human skin. This formulation presented a significant decrease in the percentage of fallen hairs by 44.42% in the in vivo 60-second hair count experiment and a significant increase in the anagen to telogen (A/T) ratio (1.4-fold) in the TrichoScan® evaluation after 8 weeks of treatment compared to the initial conditions, indicating the promising efficacy of PSO-loaded niosomes as a natural alternative for anti-hair loss therapy.
... The product is reported to remarkably enhance hair growth activity (Schmidt, 2013). Nettle is a biologically active to minimize the action of 5-α-reductase on head skin and inducing hair growth (Lourith & Kanlayavattanakul, 2013). A group of researchers discussed medicinal plants of Iran and explained the species of Urtica to arrest hair fall. ...
The primary aim of this study is to access the salient herbal plants with the active constituent of potentially anti-hair fall activities. It also presents the various reasons behind hair loss ailments. As part of this study, a focus is placed on active phytochemicals within these medicinal plants or natural products in terms of various hair fall disease treatments. As natural products have a beneficial effect to minimize hair loss and have promoted the potential for new hair growth, it presents the medicinal values of natural plants in reference to safety and effectiveness for health.
... UDR contains about 1 % of phytosterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, ergosterol, stigmasterol, etc.), fatty acids, lectins, lignans, polysaccharides, amino acids, trace elements, etc. [12,13]. Due to the content of phytosterols, UDR extracts have antiandrogenic action (inhibit 5-α-reductase, block androgen receptors), so their effectiveness in the treatment of androgenic alopecia in cutaneous use has been confirmed [14][15][16][17][18]. ...
Due to the content of phytosterols, extractive preparations of Urtica dioica roots are able to show antiandrogenic effect in the case of external therapy of men and women with androgenic alopecia. Oil extracts (OE) are characterized by several advantages when applied to the skin of the scalp compared to water-alcohol extracts. For the development of OE technology from Urtica dioica roots, it is important to choose the optimal extraction parameters, which are based on the quantitative determination of phytosterols in the extractant and the studied samples of extracts.
The aim of the work is to choose the optimal parameters for obtaining OE from Urtica dioica roots based on quantitative determination of phytosterols content in experimental samples of OE by gas capillary chromatography.
Materials and methods. Objects of the research – Urtica dioica root, refined corn oil, refined sunflower oil, samples of oil extracts. Determination of phytosterol content in experimental samples was carried out by gas capillary chromatography (chromatograph “Crystal 2000”, manufacturer – research and production company “Analytics”).
Results. 5 different compounds of steroid structure (stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, etc.) were identified in sunflower oil by gas liquid chromatography, and 10 (campesterol, 2-α stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, Δ5-avenosterol, etc.) were identified in sunflower oil. The quantitative content of β-sitosterol in the sum of sterols of corn oil was significantly higher compared to the content of this substance in sunflower oil and amounted to 59.33 %. Optimal technological parameters were established considering the peculiarities of extraction with oil extractant and quantitative determination of the amount of phytosterols and β-sitosterol in experimental samples of OE. The total content of plant sterols in OE, including considering their amount in the extractant, was in the range of 7880 mg/kg; the amount of β-sitosterol was 4638 mg/kg.
Conclusion. The choice of optimal parameters for obtaining OE from UDR based on determination of phytosterol yield by gas capillary chromatography was experimentally substantiated, namely: extractant – corn oil, raw material-extract ratio – 1: 5, extraction time – 6 h, extraction method – maceration
... Plantderived products, such as extracts and essential oils, have been traditionally used to treat alopecia, and recent human studies have observed that hair growth is promoted and hair loss is reduced in men with AGA after the topical use of plant extracts and essential oils [7,8]. Although none of the isolated chemical constituents of plants have been studied for their activity, the constituents of plant extracts and essential oils possessing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, or 5α-reductase inhibitory effects are known to have beneficial effects on alopecia [9]. A systematic review of cell culture and animal studies has suggested that the active constituents of plant extracts and essential oils may promote hair growth and inhibit hair loss through physiological changes in hair follicles and scalp skin, including the reduction of DHT formation by inhibition of 5α-reductase activity and modulation of hair growth stimulating and inhibiting factor expression, such as insulin-like growth factor-1, fibroblast growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) [10]. ...
Objectives: Plant extracts possessing specific constituents with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, or 5α-reductase inhibitory properties are known to provide benefits against androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men. A solid shampoo was formulated, and it contained a mixture of six different plant extracts that possess these beneficial properties against AGA. The improvement in AGA and changes in steroid concentrations were assessed after 4 months of formulated shampoo use. Methods: This study was conducted based on a randomized, placebo-controlled, and single-blind design. Hair-related variables and hair and saliva samples were collected bi-monthly in the treatment (n=48) and placebo (n=52) groups and at a single time point in the hairy controls (n=50). Results: The formulated shampoo was more effective on AGA than the placebo based on the hair shaft thickness and hair density in the receding hairline. The baseline hair cortisol and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations were significantly higher in the treatment and placebo groups than in the hairy controls. After 4 months, the hair steroid concentrations in the treatment group were reduced to those observed in the hairy controls, although the main effect of time on hair steroid concentrations was negligible in the placebo group. Salivary cortisol and DHT levels during the post-awakening period were comparable among the groups or assessment time points. Conclusion: The constituents of plant extracts included in the formulated shampoo would prevent hair loss, increase hair growth effects, and reduce hair cortisol and DHT concentrations without changes in the post-awakening salivary steroid levels in men with AGA.
... Treatment of Hair problems Mustard seed oil is an excellent source of vitamins, proteins and fattyacids which is required for healthy hair growth and reduces hair fall [13] Interventions Obes Diabetes 9 Treatment of Cold/fever Relieve congestion and aids in removal of toxins from the body [15] 10 Develops Cardiovascular Health Alleviates chest pain, cardiac arrhythmia rate, risk of thrombosis, arterial blockages, high cholesterol level and ventricular enlargement due to the presence of omega fatty acids in mustard seeds [16][17][18] 11 ...
Mustard seeds commonly called as Rai, Sarso etc is scientifically known by the name of Brassica Juncea. Different varieties of mustard seeds have
been cultivated in countries like Asia, India, United States, Eastern Meditarrian, Hungary, Britain, Europe, Greece, Rome, Canada and in the Middle East.
Besides being used in culinary it was once considered as an important natural remedy for gastric discomforts. With the passage of time numerous health
benefits of mustard seeds have been explored which will be valuable for the development of novel drugs.
... Hair loss is associated with significant consequences affecting body image, self-esteem, emotional well-being, and QOL [35], possibly even leading to psychiatric morbidity such as anxiety and depression [36,37]. While minoxidil and finasteride remain the only United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and most widely used therapies for pattern hair loss [38], un-Skin Appendage Disord 2020;6:329-337 DOI: 10.1159/000509905 desired side effects have prompted the search for alternative therapies [39]. SP is a key ingredient in many overthe-counter supplements marketed for hair regrowth; however, limited data exist to support its efficacy in various alopecias or to better delineate its side-effect profile. ...
Saw palmetto (SP), a botanical extract with antiandrogenic properties, has gained commercial popularity for its purported benefits on hair regrowth. To summarize published evidence on the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of supplements containing SP in the treatment of alopecia, we conducted a PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane database search using the following terms: (saw palmetto and hair loss), (saw palmetto and androgenetic alopecia), and (saw palmetto and natural supplement and alopecia). Five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 2 prospective cohort studies demonstrated positive effects of topical and oral supplements containing SP (100–320 mg) among patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and telogen effluvium. Sixty percent improvement in overall hair quality, 27% improvement in total haircount, increased hair density in 83.3% of patients, and stabilized disease progression among 52% were noted with use of various topical and oral SP-containing supplements. SP was well tolerated and not associated with serious adverse events in alopecia patients. Although robust high-quality data are lacking, supplements containing SP may be a treatment option for patients with AGA, telogen effluvium, and self-perceived hair thinning. Further large-scale RCTs focusing on the sole contribution of SP to hair growth outcomes are needed to confirm efficacy and determine long-term adverse events.
... Some herbs have been used to either prevent or treat hair loss. 11,31 In the present study, we developed a natural hair tonic, which was a mixture of P. orientalis leaf extract and α-terpineol, and investigated the effects of PEaT on hair growth in mouse dorsal skin. C57/ BL6 mice showed that the growth speed of hair was fastest in the PEaT group compared with that of the control group. ...
In this study, we investigated the effect of a mixture of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco leaf extract and α-terpineol, a natural monoterpene alcohol (PEaT), on hair growth and its mechanisms. C57/BL6 mice (total n = 14) in the telogen phase of hair growth were used. Either distilled water as vehicle or PEaT was topically applied to the dorsal skin for 17 days. Chronological hair growth change was examined by hair growth-promoting scores. In addition, to find out mechanisms of PEaT on hair growth, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Ki-67, wnt3, and β-catenin expressions were investigated by using immunohistochemistry. We found that PEaT remarkably promoted hair growth by inducing early anagen transition compared with the control group. In addition, treatment with PEaT significantly increased numbers of Ki-67-positive cells and expressions of IGF-1, VEGF, wnt3, and β-catenin in the outer root sheath. These results indicate that PEaT used in this study might be a good hair growth promoter, showing that PEaT treatment increased growth factors and cell proliferation through upregulation of wnt3 and β-catenin expressions.
... The product is reported to remarkably enhance hair growth activity (Schmidt, 2013). Nettle is a biologically active to minimize the action of 5-α-reductase on head skin and inducing hair growth (Lourith & Kanlayavattanakul, 2013). A group of researchers discussed medicinal plants of Iran and explained the species of Urtica to arrest hair fall. ...
A vast majority of the world’s population lacks access to essential medicines
and the provision of safe healthcare services. Medicinal plants and herbal
medicines can be applied for pharmacognosy, or the discovery of new drugs, or as an aid for plant physiology studies. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the search for new chemical entities and the expression of resistance of many drugs available in the market has led to a shift in paradigm towards medicinal research. Herbal treatments, the most popular form of folk medicine, may become an important way of increasing access to healthcare services.
Advanced Pharmacological Uses of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of drug discovery from natural sources that allow for the effective treatment of human health problems without any side effects, toxicity, or drug resistance.
Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as ethnobotany, therapeutic applications, and bioactive compounds, this book is ideally designed for pharmacologists, scientists, ethnobotanists, botanists, health researchers, professors, industry professionals, and health students in fields that include pharmaceutical drug development and discovery.
... The product is reported to remarkably enhance hair growth activity (Schmidt, 2013). Nettle is a biologically active to minimize the action of 5-α-reductase on head skin and inducing hair growth (Lourith & Kanlayavattanakul, 2013). A group of researchers discussed medicinal plants of Iran and explained the species of Urtica to arrest hair fall. ...
The primary aim of this study is to access the salient herbal plants with the active constituent of potentially anti-hair fall activities. It also presents the various reasons behind hair loss ailments. As part of this study, a focus is placed on active phytochemicals within these medicinal plants or natural products in terms of various hair fall disease treatments. As natural products have a beneficial effect to minimize hair loss and have promoted the potential for new hair growth, it presents the medicinal values of natural plants in reference to safety and effectiveness for health.
... Natural hair care products are of increasing interest among the consumers and researchers [8] as alternatives to synthetic products. Hair dyeing or hair coloring products generate enormous revenues for industries, among which professional salon and home use demands are increasing year by year [9]. ...
Background
Black bean is one of the important beans as the second most consumed bean globally after soybean. It has been reported as a sustainable source of anthocyanins, important natural colorants used in food and consumer products. However, industrial uses of black bean anthocyanins in pharmaceutics and cosmetics have rarely been explored. Thus, here, a black bean anthocyanin extract was prepared, quality controlled and developed into an efficient hair coloring product.
Results
Black bean was macerated in hydrochloric ethanol to produce a dark-reddish 1.85 ± 0.04% dry extract with total anthocyanin content (TAC) of 1.24 ± 0.48 µg/ml cyanidin-3-glucoside. The extract was readily dissolved in propylene glycol (25%), giving a reddish to red-brownish solution at pH of 4.00–7.00. The addition of antioxidant significantly (p = 0.000) enhanced the stability of the extract in an accelerated stability test (90.34 ± 5.32 from 67.83 ± 3.45% TAC remaining). Three base hair gels containing different thickeners were developed to yield clear gels with a viscosity of 101,666.67–447,333.33 cps and a pH of 4.80–4.97. The gel base with the best hair application properties was chosen to mix with 8, 10 and 12% black bean extract to produce similar visually assessed red-brown gels (L* = 33.25–33.76, a* = 0.06–0.09, b* = − 0.45–0.38 and h* = 277.54–283.31) at 73,733.33–99,666.67 cps and a pH of 5.00–5.01. All of the black bean hair coloring gels were stable under the accelerated test. The 10% hair gel was tested for its hair staining efficacy. The black bean hair coloring gel was found to efficiently color hair, and the color was maintained through four washings.
Conclusions
An alternative application approach of using black bean as a natural colorant is presented here, including its basic requirements for preparation and quality control from an industrial aspect. The efficient semi-permanent hair coloring product containing black bean is an innovative natural product and is considered as one progress towards a sustainable bio-based economy using a readily available industrial crop, black bean.
... Androgen antagonism, angiogenesis modulation, vasodilation through potassium channel opening, as well as 5-R inhibition, are the major nonsurgical pharmacological strategies employed until today [17,18]. On the other hand, the broad availability and lower costs of unconventional remedies based on the use of natural compounds has encouraged deeper investigation of their features [118,119]. ...
Hair loss is a disorder in which the hair falls out from skin areas such as the scalp and the body. Several studies suggest the use of herbal medicine to treat related disorders, including alopecia. Dermal microcirculation is essential for hair maintenance, and an insufficient blood supply can lead to hair follicles (HF) diseases. This work aims to provide an insight into the ethnohistorical records of some nutritional compounds containing flavonoids for their potential beneficial features in repairing or recovering from hair follicle disruption. We started from a query for “alopecia” OR “hair loss” AND “Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.“ (or other six botanicals) terms included in Pubmed and Web of Sciences articles. The activities of seven common botanicals introduced with diet (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., Malus pumila Mill cultivar Annurca, Coffea arabica, Allium sativum L., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Rosmarinum officinalis L., Capsicum annum L.) are discussed, which are believed to reduce the rate of hair loss or stimulate new hair growth. In this review, we pay our attention on the molecular mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of the aforementioned nutritional compounds in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies. There is a need for systematic evaluation of the most commonly used plants to confirm their anti-hair loss power, identify possible mechanisms of action, and recommend their best adoption.
Millions of men and women suffer from alopecia, especially androgenic alopecia (AGA), which is considered the most common form of hair loss. The available treatments for hair loss include multiple approaches, with the most popular being synthetic drugs including minoxidil and finasteride, in addition to natural products. However, synthetic drugs have shown many undesirable side effects, on the contrary, the specifications of the commonly used natural drugs have not been reported in most of the previous studies, despite the high market preference for them. One of these natural drugs is soybean (Glycine max), an economically important bean that has been reported in several studies to effectively prevent hair loss in humans and is widely used in many products treating alopecia. However, no reports were traced on the specification and standardization of the used soybean extract, which may lead to unreproducible results. Thus, in this study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations; 1%, 3%, and 5% (v/v) of a specified soybean extract (SSE) in coconut oil, using a testosterone-induced model of alopecia in adult male Wistar rats in comparison with a 2% finasteride solution. Visual and microscopical evaluations of follicular diameter, length, and density were performed. The data showed that 5% of SSE exhibited the highest activity with results comparable to standard 2% finasteride for hair diameter, length, and density, which could be attributed to the extract's isoflavone content. Genistin and diadzin isoflavones were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the SSE. The total extract was standardized using high-performance liquid chromatography using genistin as a marker and showed a content of 6.2 µg/mL. Accordingly, the formulated 3% and 5% SSEs (containing 0.186 and 0.31 µg/mL of genistin, respectively) could be considered as a promising natural treatment for AGA.
Alopecia refers to the scientific word for diminished hair growth or balding. It describes a disease in which hairs falls off from one or more parts of your body, most commonly the scalp. Losing your hair might be triggered by a variety of factors, including hereditary traits, external factors, chemical exposure, medication, dietary insufficiency, chronic tension, or prolonged sickness, among others. Alopecia is categorized into different types depending upon its pattern of diminished hair growth and its genesis. The pursuit of effective treatments has led to the exploration of both synthetic and herbal medications. This study examines the performance, mechanisms of action, tolerability profiles, and limits of synthetic and herbal remedies for alopecia. Synthetic medications such as minoxidil and finasteride are commonly prescribed and have demonstrated varying degrees of success in clinical trials. However, concerns regarding adverse effects and long-term efficacy persist. Conversely, herbal medications, including saw palmetto, ginseng, and pumpkin seed oil, have gained popularity due to their perceived natural origin and potentially fewer side effects. Nevertheless, the scientific evidence supporting their efficacy remains limited and often inconclusive. Additionally, challenges in standardization and regulation pose significant barriers to the widespread adoption of herbal treatments. This study aims to provide healthcare professionals and patients with a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of synthetic and herbal medications for alopecia, highlighting the need for further research to elucidate their therapeutic potential and optimize patient outcomes.
Rejuvenation is a medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the aging process.
These Biblical verses deal with the rejuvenation: "His flesh shall be fresher than a child's : he shall return to the days of his youth" (Job 33:25); "Who satisfied the mouth of with good things; so that the youth is renewed like the eagles" (Psalms 103:5); and "To bring back his soul from the pit, to be enlightened with the light of the living" (Job 33:30).
Thus, the present Research presents the rejuvenation, evaluating historical and cultural background, the types, and the various strategies to promote the rejuvenation techniques.
Rejuvenation deals with various human organs such as hair, dental, eyebrow, eyelid, cardiac tissue, brain, face, periorbital, lips, neck, hand, skin, reproduction system such as genitals, including ovarian, vaginal, penile, scrotal, and postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction.
In the recent years, the diagnostic possibilities have been validated through scientific research and have shown medicinal value in the diagnostics and the management of various conditions related to the rejuvenation.
Thus, the awareness of rejuvenation has accompanied human during the long years of our existence.
A alopecia é uma condição caracterizada pela diminuição de pelos ou cabelos que apresenta implicações físicas e psicológicas ao indivíduo. Essa revisão integrativa de literatura investiga os estudos clínicos disponíveis sobre o uso de plantas medicinais, fitoterápicos e/ou suplementos alimentares no tratamento da alopecia. Como bases de dados foram utilizadas: Pubmed, Medline, Web of Science e SciELO. Como estratégia de busca por artigos originais, utilizou-se os descritores: [(alopecia OR baldness OR "hair loss") AND ("Medicinal Plants" OR "Pharmaceutical Plants" OR "Dietary Supplements" OR Nutraceuticals OR "Herbal Supplements") AND (Placebo OR "Effect placebo") AND (hair)]. Os critérios de inclusão utilizados foram estudos clínicos randomizados, duplo-cegos e controlados por placebo, sem limitação de data ou idioma, disponibilizados na íntegra, que incluíssem como intervenção plantas medicinais, ervas medicinais e suplementos alimentares. Os critérios de exclusão foram estudos duplicados, não disponíveis na íntegra e que incluíssem como intervenção suplementos alimentares não vegetais. Verificou-se que os estudos abordaram a alopecia em ambos os sexos, sendo as intervenções aplicadas na forma de uso tópico e oral. Dentre as espécies utilizadas foram verificadas: Allium sativum, Curcuma aeruginosa, Oryza sativa L. variedade japonica, Rosmarinus officinalis, dentre outras. Ressalta-se que estudos adicionais na área ainda são necessários. Cita-se como limitação a carência na abordagem dos aspectos químico-farmacêuticos das espécies utilizadas (análises quali-quantitativas), visto que são fundamentais para o controle da qualidade dos extratos vegetais e consequentemente, para as propriedades terapêuticas reprodutíveis.
Background: Hair loss or alopecia is a common dermatological condition affecting up to 2% of the world population. It is often caused by hereditary factors, such as male or female pattern baldness, but it can also result from various environmental factors, an unbalanced diet, or chronic illness. While hair loss is not life-threatening, it can cause significant anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems, ultimately impacting an individual's quality of life.
Objective: Various treatments for hair loss, including both synthetic drugs, such as minoxidil and finasteride, or medicinal herbs, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Despite synthetic drugs' effectiveness, they may come with potential side effects. Natural remedies have been proposed as a viable option for treating hair loss because many chronic disorders can cause alopecia. As such, this review focuses on identifying alternative, efficient treatment agents with limited side effects. Specifically, it looks into medicinal plants as potential healing agents for treating hair loss.
Methods: To gather relevant information for the study, multiple databases were searched, including Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. A comprehensive search was conducted using a range of search terms, such as "hair loss," "alopecia," "natural remedies for hair loss," "herbal treatments for hair loss," and others to extract relevant scientific articles.
Results: Many medicinal plants and natural compounds have shown potential in reducing hair loss, thanks to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and the ability to improve local metabolism when applied externally. According to existing literature, herbal extracts and formulations derived from plants, such as Urtica dioica, Humulus lupulus, Serenoa repens, Vitis vinifera, Pygeum africanum, Cucurbita pepo, etc., as well as certain individual herbal compounds, micronutrients, bee products, and keratin, may be effective in reducing hair loss directly or indirectly.
Conclusion: Research suggests that medicinal plants and a variety of natural compounds hold promise in promoting hair growth and preventing alopecia.
Background: Finasteride and minoxidil are two commonly used drugs for the treatment of hair loss. However, these two drugs have certain side effects. Thus, the further elucidation of treatments for hair loss, including those using Chinese herbal medicine, remains important clinically. Shi-Bi-Man (SBM) is a hair health supplement that darkens hair and contains ginseng radix, tea polyphenols, polygonum multiflorum, radix angelicae sinensis, aloe, linseed, and green tea extract.
Purpose: This study aimed to find potential effective monomer components to promote hair regeneration from SBM and to explore the mechanism of SBM to promote hair regeneration.
Methods: Supplementation with the intragastric administration or smear administration of SBM in artificially shaved C57BL/6 mice, observe its hair growth. UPLC/MS and UPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS detect the main components in SBM and the main monomers contained in the skin after smearing, respectively. A network pharmacology study on the main components of SBM and single-cell RNA sequencing was performed to explore the role of SBM for hair regeneration.
Results: SBM significantly induced hair growth compared with a control treatment. TSG and EGCG were the main monomers in the skin after SBM smearing. The results of single-cell sequencing revealed that after SBM treatment, the number of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs) increased significantly. Cell interactions and volcano dots show that the interaction of the FGF signaling pathway was significantly enhanced, in which Fgf7 expression was especially upregulated in DPCs. In addition, the Wnt signaling pathway also had a partially enhanced effect on the interactions between various cells in the skin. The network pharmacology study showed that the promotion of the FGF and Wnt pathways by SBM was also enriched in alopecia diseases.
Conclusion: We report that SBM has a potential effect on the promotion of hair growth by mainly activating the FGF signaling pathway. The use of SBM may be a novel therapeutic option for hair loss.
Background
Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is an annual climber plant and its seeds have considerable amount of oil with nutritional and medicinal importance.
Aim
The present study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of pumkin seed oil (PSO) in the treatment of female pattern hair loss (FPHL) and compare its effects with minoxidil 5% foam.
Methods
Patients with FPHL were randomly assigned to pumkin seed oil (n=30; group A) or minoxidil 5% foam (n=30; group B) for a period of 3 months. Patients were evaluated clinically and dermoscoplically at baseline, at one and half months and at the end of the 3 months study.
Results
Among Group A (pumpkin seed oil) candidates, a significant decrease was observed in hair shaft diversity before and after treatment (30.5 ± 6.2 %, 24.0 ± 4.02, p<0.001 respectively) as well as in the vellus hairs (22.5 ± 4.9, 15.8 ± 2.2, P<0.001 respectively). Upright regrowing hairs significantly increased from (0.13 ± 0.5) before treatment to (0.9 ± 1.0) after treatment (p<0.001). In Group B (minoxidil applying) candidates, a significant decrease was observed in hair shaft diversity before and after treatment (31.5 ± 6.3%, 21.3 ± 2.2, p<0.001 respectively) as well as in the vellus hairs (24.7 ± 6.4, 19.5 ± 5.4, P=0.02 respectively). Conclusion Findings of the present trial provide evidence of a promising potential role of PSO in treating FPHL
Objectives
Para rubber (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.)) is the important crop of the word. It has been vastly used in biomedical products. However, its pharmacologically application besides the latex is sparely to be explored especially the seed. Cellular biological activities of the standardized para rubber seed oil for hair loss treatment were therefore assessed.
Methods
Para rubber seed oil was prepared and standardized using GC/MS on the basis of its pharmacologically active fatty acids. The oil was safety assessed in human dermal papilla and DU‐145 human prostate carcinoma. Cellular antioxidant activity was determined as well as proliferation stimulating efficacy and inhibitory effect against 5α‐reductase.
Results
Oleic acid, fatty acid of cutaneous benefits, was majorly detected in the oil and followed by linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids. The standardized para rubber seed oil was proved to be safe on human follicle dermal papilla and DU‐145 human prostate carcinoma at the concentration of 0.1‐50 and 0.1‐100 µg/mL, respectively. The standardized para rubber seed oil stimulated the cell proliferation and posed cellular antioxidant activity in human dermal papilla at a comparable potency to minoxidil, dutasteride and vitamin C at the same tested concentration. In addition, the standardized para rubber seed oil inhibited 5α‐reductase as examined in DU‐145 human prostate carcinoma, although at a lesser degree than the standards at the same tested concentration.
Conclusions
The standardized para rubber seed oil is evidenced as the safe and efficient bio‐oil to be used for hair growth stimulating or reduce/suppress hair loss treatment.
Oxidative stress has been related to osteoporosis and other pathologies at the bone. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a lipid-soluble antioxidant present in cell membranes, has been suggested in vitro to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at the same time to prevent or reduce osteoclastogenesis. Also, it promotes osteoblast differentiation and proliferation and matrix mineralization. Thus it has been suggested that this effect on osteoclastogenesis could be a consequence of the reduction of intracellular ROS. The protective effect of CoQ10 against bone loss has been also demonstrated in rodents. Age-associated changes in systemic markers of oxidative damage in animals treated with CoQ10 suggest that this antioxidant can reduce not only intracellular ROS alleviating oxidative damage but also osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption triggered by different signals. Additionally, it has been suggested that oxidative stress is the main mechanism explaining bone alterations both in aged rodents and in those with acute sex steroid deficiency.
Human prostate was used as a source of 5α reductase. Compounds were incubated with an enzyme preparation and [3H]testosterone. [3H]-dihydrotestosterone production was measured to calculate 5ã reductase activity. IC50 values (ng/ml) were finasteride = 1; Permixon = 5,600; Talso = 7,000; Strogen Forte = 31,000; Prostagutt = 40,000; and Tadenan = 63,000. Bazoton and Harzol had no activity at concentrations up to 500,000 ng/ml. In castrate rats stimulated with testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT), finasteride, but not Permixon or Bazoton, inhibited T stimulated prostate growth, while none of the three compounds inhibited DHT stimulated growth. These results demonstrate that finasteride inhibits 5α reductase, while Permixon and Bazoton have neither anti-androgen nor 5α reductase inhibitory activity. In addition, in a 7 day human clinical trial, finasteride, but not Permixon or placebo, decreased serum DHT in men, further confirming the lack of 5α reductase inhibition by Permixon. Finasteride and the plant extracts listed above do not inhibit the binding of DHT to the rat prostatic androgen receptor (concentrations to 100 μg/ml). Based on these results, it is unlikely that these plant extracts would shrink the prostate by inhibiting androgen action or 5α reductase. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia is linked to the accumulation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the active form
of testosterone (T), in prostatic tissue. We have defined characteristics of 5α-reductase enzyme which catalyzes the conversion
of T into DHT in prostatic microsomes of growing pigs. Peaks for the 5α-reductase activity were found at pH 5.5 and 8.0, which
indicates the presence of both type 1 and type 2 isozymes. Kinetic parameters of porcine 5α-reductase in the presence of Serenoa repens extracts revealed uncompetitive, noncompetitive, and mixed types of inhibitions. Our results show the inhibitory action of
S. repens on prostate porcine microsomal 5α-reductase activity.
The inhibitory effects of 17 samples prepared from Thailand plants on 5α-reductase activity were examined. The acetone extract of leaves ofArtocarpus altilis showed potent 5α-reductase inhibitory activity. Fractionation guided by 5α-reductase inhibition led to the isolation of 2-geranyl-2′,3,4,4′-tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone from the acetone extract of
leaves ofA. altilis. This compound showed more potent inhibitory effect (IC50=38ΜM) thanα-linolenic acid known as a naturally occurring potent inhibitor.
Objective To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of the pure antiandrogen flutamide and the steroidal derivative spironolactone in the treatment of hirsutism in women. Design Fifty-three premenopausal women suffering from moderate to severe hirsutism were randomized into two groups and received either flutamide or spironolactone in association with a triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) pill. Hirsutism, acne, seborrhea, alopecia, and side effects were monitored monthly for a treatment period of 9 months and a follow-up after treatment period of 6 months. Blood samples were taken at each visit for assessment of endocrine, biochemical, and hematologic parameters. Results After only 6 months of therapy, flutamide caused a maximal reduction in the hirsutism score to a value within almost normal range; during the same period, spironolactone caused only a 30% reduction of the hirsutism score. Whereas flutamide caused a dramatic (80%) decrease in total acne, seborrhea, and hair loss score after only 3 months of therapy, spironolactone caused only a 50% reduction in acne and seborrhea, with no significant effect on the hair loss score. Four patients in the spironolactone group but only one in the flutamide group stopped the medication because of adverse side effects. Conclusion The present data obtained in a randomized prospective study clearly demonstrate that the pure antiandrogen flutamide is superior to spironolactone in the treatment of female hirsutism and its related androgen-dependent symptoms and signs in women.
Cyclosporine (cyclosporin A) is an immunosuppressant that selectively acts on the CD4+ subset of T lymphocytes. Recent results of experimental in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as evidence obtained through the clinical use of cyclosporine in humans, strongly suggest that cyclosporine may exert a direct effect on the growth of several epithelial cell types. Thus, cyclosporine, while stimulating the growth of hair follicle keratinocytes with a resulting hypertrichosis, appears to exert a cytostatic effect on several epithelial cell types of human and animal origin. This antiproliferative effect is shared by some minimally immunosuppressive or nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporine analogues, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms that modulate epithelial cell growth differ from those responsible for immunosuppression. This newly discovered pharmacologic property of cyclosporine may hopefully lead to the wider use of nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporines in the treatment of hyperproliferative epidermal diseases.
• Decrease in hair density in the central (vertex, mid and frontal) scalp, bitemporal and parietal regions in women. • Miniaturization of affected hairs. • Two ages of onset: early (post-puberty to third decade) and late (age 40+ years). • Signs of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, irregular periods) or hyperandrogenemia occur in a subset of women with female pattern hair loss (FPHL) but most women with FPHL have neither. • Many, but not all, affected women respond to antiandrogens or 5α-reductase inhibitors with increased hair growth indicating an androgen etiology in at least some cases of FPHL.
For the purpose of discovering natural products which possess hair growing activity, we examined about 1000 kinds of plant extracts concerning growth-promoting activity with respect to hair follicle cells. After an extensive search, we discovered that proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds promote proliferation of hair follicle cells isolated from mice by about 230% relative to controls (100%); and that proanthocyanidins possess remarkable hair-cycle-converting activity from the telogen phase to the anagen phase in C3H mice in vivo test systems. The pro¢le of the active fraction of the proanthocyanidins was elucidated by thiolytic degradation and tannase hydrolysis.We found that the constitutive monomers were epicatechin and catechin; and that the degree of polymerization was 3.5. We demonstrated the possibility of using the proanthocyanidins extracted from grape seeds as agents inducing hair growth. Key words: cell culture; condensed tannin; hair growth.
The appearance of hair plays an important role in people's overall physical appearance and self-perception. With today's increasing life expectation, the desire to look youthful plays a bigger role than ever. The hair care industry has become aware of this and also more capable to deliver active products that are directed toward meeting this consumer demand. The discovery of pharmacological targets and the development of safe and effective drugs also indicate strategies of the drug industry for maintenance of healthy and beautiful hair. Hair aging comprises weathering of the hair shaft and aging of the hair follicle. The latter manifests as decrease of melanocyte function or graying, and decrease in hair production in androgenetic and senescent alopecia. The scalp is also subject to intrinsic or physiologic aging and extrinsic aging caused by external factors. Intrinsic factors are related to individual genetic and epigenetic mechanisms with interindividual variation. Prototypes are familial premature graying and androgenetic alopecia. Extrinsic factors include ultraviolet radiation and smoking. Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a role in skin and hair aging. Topical anti-aging compounds for hair include humefactants, hair conditioners, photoprotectors, and antioxidants. Current available treatment modalities with proven efficacy for treatment of androgenetic alopecia are topical minoxidil, oral finasteride, and autologous hair transplantation. In the absence of another way to reverse hair graying, hair colorants are the mainstays of recovering lost hair color. Topical liposome targeting for melanins, genes, and proteins selectively to hair follicles are under current investigation.
D-004, a lipid extract of the fruit of the Cuban royal palm (Roystonea regia), has been found to reduce prostatic hyperplasia (PH) induced with testosterone (T), but not PH induced with dihydrotestosterone (DHT), in rodents, suggesting the inhibition of prostate 5α-reductase activity.
The aims of this study were to assess whether D-004 inhibits prostate 5α-reductase activity in vitro and to examine the effects of D-004 on enzyme kinetics.
This experimental study was conducted at the Pharmacology Department, Center of Natural Products, National Center for Scientific Research, Havana, Cuba. Soluble rat prostate preparations were used as the source of 5α-reductase, and ((3)H)-DHT production was measured to determine prostate 5α-reductase activity. Cell-free rat prostate homogenates were pre-incubated with carboxymethyl cellulose 2% alone (control tubes) or D-004 (0.24-125 μg/mL) suspended in the vehicle (treated tubes) for 10 minutes prior to adding the labeled substrate ((3)H)-T Once the reaction was stopped, sterols were extracted with chloroform and aliquots were applied on silica gel plates developed in benzene-acetone (4:1, v/v). Areas containing DHT were scraped and radioactivity was counted. The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined by measuring the conversion of T to DHT The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and Vmax values before and after adding D-004 were determined in kinetic studies using labeled T (0.5-25 μmol/L).
Compared with controls, D-004 significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the enzymatic reaction at doses of 1.95 to 125.0 μg/mL) (all, P < 0.05). The IC50 of D-004 required to inhibit 5a-reductase activity was 2.25 μg/mL. Enzyme inhibition was noncompetitive, since D-004 lowered the Vmax from 15.3 to 10.0 nmol DHT/min · mg(-1) protein, while the Km (4.54 μmol/L) was almost unaffected.
D-004 dose-dependently and noncompetitively inhibited in vitro 5α-reductase activity in soluble fractions of rat prostate. Although the extent of the maximal inhibition was high and the value of IC50 was low, the relevance of such inhibition requires further study in vivo.
Objectives
Prostate cancers and many thereof derived cell lines, as the LNCaP cells, grow androgen-dependent. In vivo testosterone is locally converted by 5α-reductase to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) which is the major androgenic principle in prostates and seminal vesicles. The occurrence of prostate cancer and growth of LNCaP cells can be effectively inhibited by finasteride, a synthetic 5α-reductase inhibitor and by a black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa, CR) extract. In the present contribution we tested whether the aqueous/ethanolic C. racemosa extract BNO 1055 contains 5α-reductase inhibitors.Methods
Immature 24-day-old male rats were fed with testosterone (T)-containing food and injected with 30 mg CR BNO 1055 or 0.5 mg finasteride for 5 days. Average daily T-uptake was 39 mg/animal. Other animals remained untreated or received vehicle injections only.ResultsIn comparison to totally untreated rats the testosterone treatment increased weight of prostates and seminal vesicles 3–5-fold and this proliferation was largely and equipotently inhibited by finasteride and CR BNO 1055. 5α-Dihydrotestosterone concentrations in prostate tissue extracts were also reduced by both compounds and the testosterone-upregulated androgen receptor and insulin like growth factor I gene expression inhibited in the seminals vesicles.Conclusion
Taken together, these results indicate that the CR extract BNO 1055 contains one or more potent 5α-reductase inhibitors which may make this extract suitable for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer and possibly of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).
This double-blind randomized study vs placebo in healthy male and female volunteers demonstrates the positive biologic effect on hair loss and hair regrowth of a pulsed electromagnetic field in combination with essential oils administered according to a regular treatment schedule of 26 weeks. Mean hair count comparisons within the groups significantly favor the treatment group, which exhibited a decrease in hair loss in 83% of the volunteers and a more than 20% hair count increase over baseline in 53% of patients. The process exhibited no side effects or untoward reactions. The histologic examination correlated with the clinical study. A parallel immunohistochemical examination showed an increase in the proliferation index, and when the expression of Ki67 (a cell proliferation marker) is increased, the mitoses are barely visible in the histologic examination. The rationale of this phenomenon is considered to be due to an electrophysiologic effect on the quiescent hair follicle.
Root extracts from Urtica dioica were separated into several classes of compounds by extraction with organic solvents at different pH values. The phenolic fraction was analysed by GC-MS after trimethylsilylation. This procedure allowed the identification of 18 phenolic compounds as well as the detection of eight lignans. The occurrence of some of these substances in this plant was previously unknown.
Reishi, Ganoderma sp., has been known in Japan, China, and other countries as a food and raw material for the development of drugs. Recent studies have shown that the carcinostatic substance in Reishi is a polysaccharide, β-(l —3)-D-glucan. This polysaccharide seems to haye promise as a new type of carcinostatic agent which might be useful in immunotherapy. Unlike chemicals used in chemotherapy, it has few toxic side effects because its effect is based on immunological enhancement in the host. Reishi also seems to contain other substances which reduce blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood sugar levels; and inhibit platelet aggregation, etc. Some lanostane triterpenoids have been isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and G. applanatum, and drimane sesquiter.
For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
PNU 157706 is a novel dual inhibitor of 5α-reductase (5α-R), the enzyme responsible for the conversion of testosterone (T) to 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Tested on a crude preparation of human or rat prostatic 5α-R, PNU 157706 caused enzyme inhibition with ic50 values of 20 and 34nM, respectively, compared to the values of 32 and 58nM shown by finasteride. Furthermore, PNU 157706 was highly potent in inhibiting human recombinant 5α-R type I and II isozymes, showing ic50 values of 3.9 and 1.8nM and, therefore, it was several folds more potent than finasteride (ic50 values of 313 and 11.3nM), particularly on the type I isozyme. PNU 157706 was shown to have no binding affinity for the rat prostate androgen receptor (RBA 0.009% that of DHT). In adult male rats, a single oral dose of 10mg/kg of PNU 157706 caused a marked and longer lasting reduction of prostatic DHT than did finasteride (at 24h inhibition by 89 and 47%, respectively). In prepubertal, T- or DHT-implanted castrated rats, PNU 157706, given orally for 7days at the dose of 10mg/kg/day, markedly reduced ventral prostate weight in T- but not in DHT-implanted animals, thus showing to be devoid of any anti-androgen activity. In adult rats treated orally for 28 days, PNU 157706 resulted markedly more potent (16-fold) than finasteride in reducing prostate weight, the ed50 values being 0.12 and 1.9mg/kg/day, respectively. These results indicate that PNU 157706 is a promising, potent inhibitor of both type II and I human 5α-R with a very marked antiprostatic effect in the rat.
Objective: While the lipido-sterolic extract of Serenoarepens (LSESr)—Permixon®—has been shown to have an equivalent efficacy to finasteride in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), to date, there has been no valid comparison of phytotherapy with α-blockers. The aim of this study was to assess the equivalent efficacy of Permixon and tamsulosin.Methods: Eight hundred and eleven men with symptomatic BPH (I-PSS≥10) were recruited in 11 European countries for a 12-month, double-blind randomized trial. After a 4-week run-in period, 704 patients were randomly assigned to either tamsulosin 0.4mg/day (N=354) or Permixon 320mg/day (N=350). I-PSS, QoL and Qmax were evaluated at baseline and periodically for 1 year. Prostate volume and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were measured at selection and at endpoint. The endpoint analysis was performed on the per-protocol population of 542 patients (tamsulosin: N=273; Permixon: N=269).Results: At 12 months, I-PSS decreased by 4.4in each group and no differences were observed in either irritative or obstructive symptom improvements. The increase in Qmax was similar in both treatment groups (1.8ml/s Permixon, 1.9ml/s tamsulosin). PSA remained stable while prostate volume decreased slightly in the Permixon-treated patients. The two compounds were well tolerated, however, ejaculation disorders occurred more frequently in the tamsulosin group.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Permixon and tamsulosin are equivalent in the medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with BPH, during and up to 12 months of therapy.
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology publishes basic and clinical research in cutaneous biology and skin disease.
A geranylated chalcone was isolated from leaves of Artocarpus incisus and it showed potent 5α-reductase inhibitory activity.
Background:
Benign prostatic hypertrophy is the nonmalignant, uncontrolled growth of prostatic epithelial cells and stroma that, left untreated, may lead to difficult urination and other complications. A common treatment of BPH is lipid extract from saw palmetto fruit, and lipid extract from Cuban Royal palm (a palm of the same family) fruit is being studied for this use. One study found that the latter, D-004, at 100 to 400 mg/kg daily prevented prostatic hypertrophy (PH) induced with testosterone (T) in a rat model.
Objectives:
This study comprised 2 experiments in a rat model. The first assessed the effects of different doses of D-004 on T-induced PH; the second investigated the effects of D-004 on PH induced with dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
Methods:
In experiment 1, rats were distributed in 6 groups of 10 rats each. One group received an SC injection of soy oil and oral treatment with Tween 65/water vehicle (negative control). The other 5 groups received an SC injection of T 3 mg/kg daily and oral treatment with vehicle (positive control) or D-004 at 50, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg daily suspended in vehicle. In experiment 2, rats were distributed in 3 groups of 10 rats each. A negative control group received treatment as in experiment 1. Positive controls received an SC injection of DHT 1.5 mg/kg and vehicle orally. The third group received an SC injection of DHT and oral treatment with D-004 at 800 mg/kg suspended in vehicle. All treatments were given for 14 days. At sacrifice, prostates were removed and weighed. Mean prostatic weights and prostatic/body weight ratios were calculated.
Results:
In experiment 1, in the groups receiving D-004 at 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg daily, prostatic weight was significantly lower compared with the positive control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively); this effect was not seen in the group receiving 50 mg/kg daily. In the groups receiving D-004 at 400 and 800 mg/kg daily, prostatic/body weight ratio was significantly lower compared with positive controls (both, P < 0.05); this effect was not seen in the groups receiving 50 or 200 mg/kg daily. In experiment 2, prostatic weight and prostatic/body weight ratio in the group receiving D-004 were similar to those of positive controls. Body weight was not affected in any of the groups receiving D-004.
Conclusions:
This study of rats with T- or DHT-induced PH suggests that D-004 at 200 to 800 mg/kg daily administered orally prevents T-induced PH, and that D-004 at 800 mg/kg daily does not prevent DHT-induced PH.
Sebaceous glands were isolated by manual dissection using a stereomicroscope from skin specimens of bald scalp of men with male-pattern baldness undergoing hair transplant or scalp reduction surgery and also from specimens taken from hairy and bald areas of scalp at autopsy of adult male victims of accidental death within 3 h post mortem. Homogenates of the isolated glands exhibited activities of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and testosterone 5α-reductase by the conversion of [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) to 3H-Δ4-androstenedione (AD), [3H]testosterone, and [3H]dihydrotestosterone. Homogenates of glands from bald (B) scalp had greater 3βHSD activity than homogenates of glands from hairy (H) scalp. After differential centrifugation, 3βHSD activity was found mainly in the microsomal and 105,000 × g supernatant fractions. Specific activity of the enzyme based on protein mass was highest in the microsomal fraction; however, the total 3βHSD activity in the 105,000 × g supernatent of B glands was significantly (p < .01) greater than that of H glands. 3βHSD activity in sebaceous glands isolated from autopsy specimens did not differ from that of glands isolated from surgical specimens in apparent Km(0.13- 0.14 μM), pH optima (8.0), or coenzyme requirement for NAD. Since substantial 3βHSD activity was present in the cytosol, and cytosol of B glands showed increased 3βHSD activity, the increased conversion of DHA to AD may be a critical step for androgenic action and may be responsible for excessive androgenicity in male-pattern baldness.
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for the management of urologic disease is increasing worldwide. Meanwhile, with the aging of populations, men’s health is becoming an important issue. Numerous dietary and phytotherapeutic agents have been used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and sexual dysfunction. Despite increasing evidence, the exact mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety of CAM are currently unknown. Most CAM studies have been criticized due to flaws in methodology and small sample sizes. Considering these circumstances, it is important for urologists to become knowledgeable about the scientific evidence for CAM. This article reviews the effects of CAM on men’s health, focusing on clinical evidence. We conclude that, when performed properly, CAM is beneficial in improving men’s health and well-being.
Alopecia is a dermatological disorder with psychosocial implications on patients with hair loss. Eclipta alba Hassk ( Asteraceae), Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn (Malvaceae), Nardostachys Jatamansi ( Valerianaceae) is a well known Ayurvedic herb with purported claims of hair growth promotion. Hair formulation of Eclipta alba Hassk ( Asteraceae ) 10% w/v, Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn ( Malvaceae ) 10 % w/v, Nardostachys jatamansi ( Valerianceae ) 5 % w/v concentration in the form of herbal oil were studied and showed excellent hair growth activity with standard ( 2 % minoxidil ethanolic solution) in wister albino rats. Hair growth initiation time was significantly reduced to half on treatment with the oil, as compared to control animals. The time required for complete hair growth was also significantly reduced. Quantitative analysis of hair growth after treatment with oil exhibited greater number of hair follicles in anagenic phase ( 82 ) which were higher as compared to control ( 52 ). The result of treatment with oil were better than the positive control minoxidil 2 % treatment. It holds the promise of potent herbal alternative for minoxidil . Key-words : Herbal hair formulation, Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Valerianaceae.
This study was undertaken to evaluate a possible effect of the extracts PY102 of Pygeum africanum (Hook), and UR 102 of Urtica dioica L. as well as their combination PHL-00801 (Prostatonin®) on the enzymes 5 α-reductase (5 α-RE) and aromatase (AR): Inhibition of 5 α-RE: Pygeum africanum extract PY 102, and Urtica dioica extract UR 102, inhibited the 5 α-RE activity in a concentration dependent manner. Whereas UR102 extract was only able to influence the enzyme activity at high concentrations (≥ 12mg/ml) and its ED(50) being calculated as 14.7mg/ml, the PY102 extract showed a much higher activity starting with low concentrations (0.1 mg/ml) its ED(50) being calculated as 0.78 mg/ml. When compared with the effects of UR 102, the combination of both extracts, PHL-00801 (Prostatonin®), led to a similar inhibition of the enzyme (ED(50) 14.15 mg/ml). Inhibition of AR: The PY 102 extract showed a concentration dependent and strong activity (ED(50) = 0.98 mg/ml). The activity of the UR 102 extract was also concentration dependent (ED(50) = 3.58 mg/ml). The combination of both extracts, PHL-00801 (Prostatonin®) showed a synergistic action and significantly (p = 0.05) increased the AR-inhibitory activity in concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/ml (ED(50) 0.24 mg/ml). These observations are an explanation for the beneficial effects of PHL-00801 (Prostatonin®) observed in the clinical studies on BPH.
In addition to sitosterol and sitosterol-β-D-glucoside, six steryl derivatives have been isolated from the roots of Urtica dioica by a combination of different chromatographic methods and have been identified by spectroscopic analysis and hydrolytic reactions on tlc. The structures were determined at 7β-hydroxysitosterol, 7α-hydroxysitosterol, (6′-O-palmitoyl)-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucoside, and, so far unknown from nature, 7β-hydroxysitosterol-β-D-glucoside, 7α-hydroxysitosterol-β-D-glucoside, and 24R-ethyl-5α-cholestane-3β,6α-diol. The 1H- and 13C-nmr spectra indicated that the sterols occurred only with the 24R-ethyl substitution.
Commonly used medicinal plant extracts with standardized content of polyphenols were investigated for their total antioxidant activity (TAA). Green tea, oligomeric procyanidins (from grape seed and pine bark), bilberry, and ginkgo exhibited TAA in the range of 5.12−2.57 mM Trolox, thereby indicating a valuable antioxidant capacity. Witch hazel, propolis EPID, artichoke, and hawthorn afforded lower TAA (1.54−0.44 mM Trolox), whereas echinacea, ginseng, passionflower, sweet clover, and eleuthero were rather uneffective (TAA < 0.32 mM Trolox). Excipients normally used to prepare the extracts did not interfere with the assay, and a good correlation between the content of polyphenols and the TAA was assessed. The measured TAA was higher than those calculated from the content and antioxidant potential of specific components, as exemplified for green tea and ginkgo extracts. This may be attributed to the presence in these extracts of other substances with antioxidant capacity. On the other hand, some components (such as ginkgolides in ginkgo extract) insensitive to the TAA assay played an important antioxidant role in vivo. These results suggest that TAA determination is of interest for a comparative evaluation of in vitro antioxidant potential, but it needs to be combined with in vivo data for adequate assessment of the antioxidant capacity of medicinal plant extracts. Keywords: Medicinal plants; polyphenols; total antioxidant activity; total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter
(10E,12Z)-9-Hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic Acid, an Aromatase Inhibitor from Roots of Urtica dioica
Aqueous-methanolic extracts from roots of Urtica dioica were fractionated and tested for aromatase-inhibition activity. After derivatization the most active fraction was separated by GC/ MS. Besides common fatty acids (10E,12Z)-9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (1) was identified as a main component and confirmed to be the active principle. Lipoxygenase from tomatoes was used for synthesis of (9S)-1, which caused also inhibition of aromatase. Stereo models of the compound showed some structural similarity to steroidal natural substrates of aromatase. For that reason (10E,12Z)-9-oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (2) was also synthesized. It showed an about tenfold higher activity compared to 1.
All eight stereoisomers (1-4 and enantiomers) of the putative anti-androgen cyoctol have been synthesized along stereochemically unambiguous routes. The biological tests of all isomers indicated that cyoctol is not an anti-androgen, contrary to the patent literature.
Keywords:chemoprotection;antimutagenesis;green tea;antioxidant catechins
Green tea is consumed as a popular beverage in Japan and throughout the world. During the past decade, epidemiological studies have shown that tea catechin intake is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease [1,2]. In vitro biochemical studies have reported that catechins, particularly epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), help to prevent oxidation of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [3–5]. LDL oxidation has been recognized to be an important step in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent cardiovascular disease [6].
Metabolic studies have shown that EGCg supplement is incorporated into human plasma at a maximum concentration of 4400 pmol/mL [7–10]. Such concentrations would be enough to exert antioxidative activity in the blood stream. The potent antioxidant property of tea catechin may be beneficial in preventing the oxidation of LDL. It is of interest to examine the effect of green tea catechin supplementation on antioxidant capacity of plasma in humans by measuring plasma phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) as a marker of oxidized lipoproteins.
In the search for nonsteroidal inhibitors of 5-reductase for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), we synthesized diisopropyl (1a—8a) and tert-butyl (1b—8b) benzamides, as well as ethyl benzoates (1c, 3c), which were substituted in 4 position via variable alkyl spacer (n = 0: 1—4, n= 1: 5, 7 and n= 3: 6, 8) with a 1-methyl-2-pyridone (1, 2, 5, 6) or a 1-methyl-2-piperidone (3, 4, 7, 8) moiety mimicking steroidal ring A. The directly connected benzamides (1a—4a, 1b—4b) and benzoates (1c, 3c) were obtained by palladium-catalysed coupling reaction of diethyl(3-pyridyl)-borane with 4-bromobenzoic acid derivatives, followed by -oxidation of the 1-methyl-pyridinium salt and subsequent separation of the regioisomers. Catalytic hydrogenation of the pyridones (1, 2) led to the piperidones (3, 4). The preparation of the benzamides with a methylene (5, 7) and a propylene spacer (6, 8), respectively, started with the reduction of the keto group of 5-benzoyl-1,2-di-hydro- 1-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone and catalytic hydrogenation of the alkene obtained by Wittig reaction of 5-formyl-1,2-dihydro-1- methyl-2(1H)-pyridone with (2-phenylethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide, respectively. The phenyl ring was functionalized by Friedel-Crafts reaction, haloform cleavage to give the acid, formation of the acid chloride, and subsequent treatment with the appropriate amines. Again, catalytic hydrogenation of the pyridones (5, 6) led to the piperidones (7, 8). The 5-reductase inhibitory properties were determined using rat ventral prostate, as well as human BPH tissue as enzyme source, 1β-2β-[3 H]testosterone as substrate and a HPLC procedure for the separation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Tested at a concentration of 100 μM, the inhibition values of 1 8 ranged from 0—79%. Significant differences were observed between rat and human enzyme. The most active compound was ethyl 4-(1-methyl-2-oxopiperid- 5-yl)benzoate 3c (68%) for the human enzyme and N,N-bis(1-methylethyl)-4-[3-(1,2-dihydro-1-methyl-2-oxopyrid-5-yl)propyl]benzamide 6a (79%) for the rat enzyme
The effects of zinc sulphate and azelaic acid on 5α-reductase activity in human skin were studied using an in vitro assay with 1,2[3H]-testosterone as substrate. When added at concentrations of 3 or 9 mmol/1, zinc was a potent inhibitor of 5α-reductase activity. At high concentrations, zinc could completely inhibit the enzyme activity. Azelaic acid was also a potent inhibitor of 5α-reductase; inhibition was detectable at concentrations as low as 0.2 mmol/l and was complete at 3 mmol/l. An additive effect of the two inhibitors was observed. Vitamin B6 potentiated the inhibitory effect of zinc, but not of azelaic acid, suggesting that two different mechanisms are involved. When the three substances were added together at very low concentrations which had been shown to be ineffective alone, 90% inhibition of 5α-reductase activity was obtained. If this inhibition is confirmed in vivo, zinc sulphate combined with azelaic acid could be an effective agent in the treatment of androgen related pathology of human skin.
Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) was originally described as synonymous with androgenetic alopecia. However, the role of androgens in FPHL has not been proven, and the etiology is not yet defined. Several patterns of hair loss in women have been described, in addition to descriptions of scarring alopecias mimicking FPHL. In this paper, we discuss FPHL as an entity other than androgenetic alopecia and suggest that de-emphasizing the physicians reliance on pattern in the diagnosis of hair loss in women, and instead utilizing other tools including dermoscopy and histopathology, would benefit clinician's efforts in treating alopecias.
The composition of the volatile oil isolated from Hippophaë rhamnoides L. fruits was analysed by GC and GC-MS, and thirty constituents were identified, representing 94.6% of the oil. The major components were ethyl dodecenoate (39.4%), ethyl octanoate (9.9%), decanol (5.6%), ethyl decanoate (5.5%) and ethyl dodecanoate (3.7%). The composition of fatty acids in the lipid extracts obtained from the mesocarps and seeds of H. rhamnoides and Myrtus communis L. fruits were also investigated by GC. Fifteen different fatty acids were determined. Palmitoleic acid (47.8%) and palmitic acid (29.3%) were the major fatty acids in the mesocarp of H. rhamnoides fruits; oleic acid (32.8%), palmitic acid (26.3%) and linoleic acid (21.7%) were the major fatty acids in the seeds. Likewise, in the mesocarps and seeds of M. communis L., oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid with proportions up to 72.1 and 64.1%, respectively. In addition, free fatty acid composition of the lipids extracted from the seeds of M. communis was analysed by GC and oleic (69.5%), palmitic (17.8%) and stearic (6.4%) acids were found as the main fatty acids. In all extracts, the quantities of unsaturated fatty acids were higher than that of saturated analogue.
Here, we sketch why significant progress in the as yet very unsatisfactory pharmacological management of hair loss demands more rational strategies for ‘hair drug’ development, which effectively target defined key events in hair follicle cycling and transformation. Chiefly, drugs need to be identified that serve as inhibitors of catagen, exogen and/or the terminal-to-vellus transformation, or that induce anagen. For this, identification of the relevant molecular controls of human hair follicle cycling is an essential prerequisite.Section editor:Mike P. Philpott – Queen Mary School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of London, UK
Ethnopharmacological relevance:
Eclipta alba is traditionally known to potentiate hair growth promotion.
Aim of the study:
The study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of methanol extract of Eclipta alba as hair growth promoter.
Materials and methods:
Pigmented C57/BL6 mice, preselected for their telogen phase of hair growth were used. In these species, the truncal epidermis lacks melanin-producing melanocytes and melanin production is strictly coupled to anagen phase of hair growth. The extract was applied topically to assess telogen to anagen transition. Immunohistochemical investigation was performed to analyze antigen specificity. Animals in anagen phase of hair growth were positive for FGF-7 and Shh and negative for BMP4, whereas the animals in telogen phase were positive only for BMP4 antigen.
Results:
The methanol extract of whole plant when tested for hair growth promoting potential, exhibited dose dependent activity in C57BL6 mice. The activity was assessed by studying the melanogenesis in resected skin, follicle count in the subcutis, skin thickness and surrogate markers in vehicle control and extract treated animals.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that methanol extract of Eclipta alba may have potential as a hair growth promoter.
The ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum showed inhibitory activity on both isozymes (types 1 and 2) of 5α-reductase and suppression effects of ventral prostate growth induced by testosterone in castrated rat, but not induced by dihydrotestosterone. Activity-guided fractionation and TLC analysis suggested that the active principles in vivo were triterpenoids. These results indicate that the triterpenoids fraction of G. lucidum might be a useful ingredient in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
ObjectivesSince decades plant extracts belong to the most popular drugs for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)/benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). Herein we review biological mechanisms, the placebo effect, results of clinical trials, the role of meta-analyses and guideline recommendations.MethodsReview of the literature with particular reference to long-term (study period ≥6 months) controlled trials and of BPH-guideline recommendations.ResultsOnly few of the large number of available studies meet the criteria defined by the WHO-BPH consensus conference. The few, placebo-controlled, long-term (study period ≥6 months) studies suggest a positive effect of some extracts (saw palmetto, ß-sitosterol, urtica, saw palmetto/urtica combination) on LUTS, an effect on uroflow, post-void residual volume, prostate volume and PSA was not consistently demonstrable. Randomised trials against active comparators (α1-blocker, 5α-reductase inhibitors) are difficult to interpret. Due to the lack of prospective studies, several meta-analyses have been published that can not replace prospective studies according to WHO-BPH recommendations. None of the BPH-guidelines currently recommends plant extracts, yet universally conclude that this is an interesting approach.ConclusionsFurther prospective studies according to WHO-standards are required to reliably determine the role of plant extracts in contemporary LUTS-management.
The evolution of near nakedness in the human species has been accounted for by a series of myths which owe more to the predilections of their creators than to the available evidence. Darwin believed it to be self-evident that the aesthetic and hygenic advantages of nudity had been achieved by two-way sexual selection. Recent theorists have claimed that the evolutionary changes were, on the one hand, adaptations for the dispersal of metabolic heat generated in the masculine pursuit of hunting or, on the other hand, the results of an aquatic phase in which the major selective pressures operated through the nursing female. More than one group of factors may be involved. The development of eccrine sweat glands, for heat disposal, is shared by the gorilla and the chimpanzee and thus appears to precede bipedalism or flesh-cating. The loss of functional hair and bipedality may both have been later adaptations which enabled evolving man to move into the savannah and perhaps protected the rapidly expanding brain from thermal stress.
To investigate changes in sebum cytokines in response to hair cosmetics. Design and setting A prospective study at a University hospital.
We used a novel method for scalp surface sebum collection (Sebutape(®)) on three visits, sequentially a week apart, to investigate changes in six cytokines in 36 healthy women before and after shampoo and compared various chemical treatments (ammonium thioglycolate, "lye" sodium hydroxide and "no-lye" guanidine hydroxide relaxers) performed by a professional hairdresser.
Significant levels detected were IL-1 alpha (IL-1α) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), which were higher in untreated scalp vs. forehead: P < 0.001. Baseline levels of scalp sebum IL-1α were 18 times higher than IL-1ra. The levels of IL-1α decreased uniformly after shampoo (visit 1) and various chemical treatments (both crown and vertex all P < 0.001 - visit 2) but increased on follow-up at visit 3. Decreases in IL-1ra mimicked IL-1α at the vertex [after shampoo (P = 0.018) and visit 3 (P = 0.014)], but not on the crown, a finding which may suggest site-specific scalp predisposition to inflammation. The ratio of IL-1ra/IL-1α increased in all groups after all chemical treatments and on follow-up (all P < 0.001) but was surprisingly not significantly different from natural hair that underwent shampoo.
A wider cytokine panel may reveal response differences in treatment groups.
Baseline inflammatory scalp cytokines are higher than expected and reduce with shampooing. Scrutiny of the influence of hair moisturizer formulations and shampoo intervals and studies investigating pro-fibrotic cytokines are required. This may elucidate the predilection of afro-textured hair to scarring alopecia.