Content uploaded by Gorazd Mesko
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Gorazd Mesko
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Občutek ogroženosti in vloga policije pri zagotavljanju varnosti na lokalni ravni
Supplementary resource (1)
... Based on the interviews with police chiefs, community policing officers and mayors it was found that cooperation between police and municipality administration exists mainly on informal bases, depending on the willingness of individual mayor, police chief, community policing officer and others. Mayors rate community policing very high, while police chiefs and community policing officers stress that community policing should be the priority of all police officers not only community policing officers (Meško et al., 2012). ...
... In the survey from 2011 (Meško et al., 2012) respondents were asked to express their attitudes toward community policing ("Community policing is waste of time and is useless"). Results of t-test, presented in Table 1 indicate that there are statistically significant differences between police officers' perceptions in 2006 (Nalla, Meško, Lobnikar, Dobovšek, Pagon, Umek & Dvoršek, 2007) and 2012 (Meško, Sotlar, Lobnikar, Jere & Tominc, 2012) regarding community policing (t = -5.85, ...
... In the survey from 2011 (Meško et al., 2012) respondents were asked to express their attitudes toward community policing ("Community policing is waste of time and is useless"). Results of t-test, presented in Table 1 indicate that there are statistically significant differences between police officers' perceptions in 2006 (Nalla, Meško, Lobnikar, Dobovšek, Pagon, Umek & Dvoršek, 2007) and 2012 (Meško, Sotlar, Lobnikar, Jere & Tominc, 2012) regarding community policing (t = -5.85, p = .000). ...
... 50.628 52.483 52.364 50.725 39.908 32.404 30.774 30.209 30.296 Skupaj (podeželske občine) 39.256 38.666 40.099 41.989 37.127 29.669 29.279 27.509 26.352 24.730 Skupaj 90.004 89.294 92.582 94.353 87.852 69.577 61.683 58.283 56.561 55.026 vir: Generalna policijska uprava, 2020.R.Hacin in K. Eman: Kriminaliteta in zaznava varnostnih groženj pri policistih v urbanih in ruralnih skupnostih 121.5 MetodologijaV študiji, ki temelji na rezultatih anketiranja, izvedenega v okviru študije o zagotavljanju varnosti na lokalni ravni(Meško, Sotlar, Lobnikar, Jere in Tominc, 2012), se osredotočamo na zaznavanje varnostnih groženj med policisti v različnih kulturnih okoljih. Sodelovanje policistov v študiji je bilo prostovoljno in anonimno.Anketiranje je potekalo od novembra 2011 do januarja 2012 in spomladi leta 2017. ...
Monografija predstavlja osem tematsko zaokroženih poglavij, katerih glavna tema je varnost v lokalnih skupnostih ter ločnica med varnostjo v ruralnih in urbanih okoljih. Monografija predstavlja rezultat znanstvenoraziskovalnega dela članov programske skupine Varnost v lokalnih skupnostih – primerjava ruralnih in urbanih okolij, ki se izvaja na Inštitutu za varstvoslovje Fakultete za varnostne vede Univerze v Mariboru. Avtorji prihajajo iz raznih področij na varstvoslovnem spektrumu, zato k obširni tematiki v svojih poglavjih pristopijo z različnih zornih kotov. Nekatera poglavja so bolj teoretske narave in preučujejo različne vidike varnosti, medtem ko so nekatera poglavja tudi produkt empiričnega raziskovanja varnostne problematike v ruralnih in urbanih lokalnih skupnostih.
... pomoč v neinterventnih primerih, kriminalnopreventivno svetovanje in sočutno odzivanje pri družinskih sporih (Beck, Boni in Packer, 1999). Tudi rezultati slovenske študije, izvedene v letu 2011, kažejo, da se anketiranci zelo strinjajo s tem, da je nudenje pomoči državljanom enako pomembna naloga policistov kot izvajanje zakonov ter da bi policisti morali reševati tudi probleme, ki niso neposredno povezani s kriminaliteto (Meško et al., 2012). Takšne ugotovitve jasno potrjujejo potrebo po izvajanju preventivnih nalog in v odnose usmerjene aktivnosti, ki vplivajo na občutke prebivalcev in njihovo ozaveščenost glede dejanske ogroženosti v lokalnem okolju. ...
Community policing is a relatively new concept of contemporary police work in local environments, and as such, it is a part of the Slovenian police work strategy. Experts in the field explain that the desired outcome of effective community policing results in successful crime prevention, people's satisfaction with quality of life in the community itself, successful problem solving, the legitimacy (and legality) of police work and low level of fear from victimization. This kind of approach to policing represents an alternative to traditional reactive and repressive policing, with emphasis on proactive activities in terms of tackling crime, local problems and other disturbing circumstances that worry community members. The main aim is to improve the quality of life for residents in terms of security issues. In the paper authors analyse how people in Slovenia (n = 1506) assess the quality of community policing in their local environments. For the research purposes authors developed and evaluated a questionnaire adopted from McKee (2001) recommendations for evaluating community policing programs. The questionnaire consists of four interdependent areas of measurement: (a) Quality of contact with police, (b) Perception of crime and disorder, (c) Personal fear and (d) Community cohesion. The questionnaire proved to be valid and reliable instrument, which gives good feedback to practitioners and is suitable for use in the Slovenian cultural environment, where community policing is in a need for evaluation. With the use of this measurement instrument it is possible to calculate the index of community policing implementation, in general or inside each of the evaluated local communities. As the most worrying security issue, respondents highlighted the problem of accumulation of garbage and worthless goods in their local environment, while almost third of them believe that police officers are not impartial, objective and fair in carrying out police procedures. Nevertheless, the results show that people feel generally safe in their communities and that after a decade of planning this new approach and strategy concerning community policing started to yield some positive results
Zbornik prispevkov predstavlja recenzirane prispevke, ki so bili predstavljeni na 9. Nacionalni konferenci o varnosti v lokalnih skupnostih v Kranju v novembru 2023. Glavna tema konference je varnost v lokalnih skupnostih, poudarek letošnje konference pa je na dobrih praksah, aktualnih temah in raziskovanju v zadnjem desetletju. Prispevki so rezultat raziskovanja v okviru programske skupine Fakultete za varnostne vede Univerze v Mariboru »Varnost v lokalnih skupnostih – primerjava ruralnih in urbanih okolij« ter sodelovanja z raziskovalci iz NIJZ, ZRC SAZU, Univerze v Novi Gorici in praktiki iz policije in lokalnih skupnosti. Prispevki se osredotočajo na različne vidike zagotavljanja varnosti in zaznave groženj v lokalnih skupnostih, vlogo sodobnih tehnologij pri zagotavljanju varnosti, problematiko drog in zasvojenosti, migracije in integracijo priseljencev, prestopništvo mladih, pravno ureditev zagotavljanja varnosti v lokalnih skupnostih, ekološko kriminaliteto, stališča prebivalcev do policije in legitimnost policije. Poleg predstavitve različnih vidikov zagotavljanja varnosti v lokalnih skupnostih prispevki predstavljajo tudi primere dobrih praks.
Urbanisation has led to many differences in social interactions and the nature of crime in urban and rural environments. In the paper, police officers’ perception of threats in urban and rural environments in Slovenia are analysed. The results of the survey, conducted during the winter months of 2011–2012 and spring 2017, showed that police officers in rural environments perceive neighbourhood safety more positively, while police officers in urban environments perceive public disorder and alcohol abuse as greater threats. The comparison between police officers’ perceptions of threats in both time-periods showed that both perception of security threats and socio-economic disadvantages have decreased. In addition, statistically significant differences were identified between police officers perception of neighbourhood safety, security threat of public disorder, and socio-economic disadvantages in different time-periods.
Keywords: police officers, threats, rural and urban environments, Slovenia
V prispevku se osredotočamo na raziskovanje kakovosti odnosov med policisti in prebivalci v Sloveniji. Primerjali smo zaznave vzajemnega spoštovanja, kakovosti medsebojnih odnosov, pripravljenosti za sodelovanje s policisti v osnovnih policijskih dejavnostih in pripravljenosti za sodelovanje s policisti v dejavnostih policijskega dela v skupnosti. V vzorec smo vključili 520 policistov s policijskih postaj in 1.266 prebivalcev iz 24 slovenskih občin. Rezultati t-testov in ANOVE so pokazali, da so med policisti in prebivalci razlike v zaznavi medsebojnih odnosov ter pripravljenosti za sodelovanje pri temeljnih policijskih dejavnostih in dejavnostih policijskega dela v skupnosti. Rezultati regresijskih analiz so pokazali, da se odnosi med policisti in prebivalci, pripravljenost za sodelovanje s policisti v osnovnih policijskih nalogah, spol, osebni dohodek in velikost občine prebivališča povezujejo s pripravljenostjo prebivalcev za sodelovanje pri policijskem delu v skupnosti. Pripravljenost za sodelovanje s policisti v osnovnih policijskih dejavnostih se visoko pozitivno povezuje s pripravljenostjo prebivalcev za sodelovanje pri policijskem delu v skupnosti, kar kaže na to, da prebivalci ne razlikujejo med različnimi dejavnostmi policije, ampak gre za splošno pripravljenost za sodelovanje s policijo. V sklepu razpravljamo o ugotovitvah študije, razkrivamo omejitve študije in podamo predloge za prihodnje raziskovanje.
Since 1991, policing in Slovenia has been characterized by several police reforms aimed at bringing the police closer to the western democratic style of policing. Initial reforms were symbolic, but important: they involved the renaming of the former militia (milica) to the police (policija) and the changing of insignias. Institutional reform reached its milestone in 1998 with the adoption of the new Police Act, which significantly changed police powers and introduced a civilian oversight of policing. The General Police Directorate became an autonomous body within the Ministry of the Interior. The year 2013 saw the adoption of new police legislation aimed at achieving decentralization, defining cooperation between the police and local communities by emphasizing problem-solving, community policing and intelligence-led policing. All legislative changes and efforts to improve policing in Slovenia are reflected in police training and the level of education required for entering the police increased from secondary school to a higher education qualification. Studies on efforts related to police reforms are also presented.
The conference proceedings present peer reviewed papers
presented at the third national conference on local safety and security in
Slovenia in November 2017. A lead topic of the conference summarizes
results of research on safety perceptions, which was done in 24 local
communities in the spring in 2017. The main aim of the papers is proposing
solutions for more efficient assurance of safety/security in local
communities (smaller, middle and larger municipalities) in Slovenia. The
papers in the proceedings discuss various aspects of safety and security in
local communities, such as perception of safety/security and risks in local
communities (perception of crime, sources of threats, safety in urban areas,
police presence, and social cohesion); expectations and effectiveness of
ensuring safety and security (perception and effectiveness of community
policing, perception of the tasks of armed forces, migration, and perception
of threats in cyber space); and practices of ensuring safety and security in
local communities (legal regulation of municipalities, good practices of
solving safety issues in the area of Police directorate Novo mesto and
Murska Sobota, and perception of ensuring local safety and security
through the perspective of different stakeholders).
Keywords: • local communities • safety/security • perception • research •
Slovenia •
Sociological and socio-demographic variables in general prevail in research and theories about the fear of crime. Although these research studies have contributed a lot to the understanding of the fear of crime, we are stilI very far from a complete understanding of this phenomenon in contemporary society. The paper presents two independent research studies about the fear of crime, carried out in Slovenia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results indicate a higher level of fear of crime among women, among people who feel physically less capable, the unemployed, and among people who are often absent from their home in the late evening hours. In the frame of the socio-psychological model it was established that there are significant differences between the two research samples in that respondents from Bosnia and Herzegovina more frequently perceive themselves as possible targets of crime and emphasise more than Slovene respondents jealousy as a possible motive for crime. Mistrust of strangers is more pronounced in the Slovene population as well as the conviction that they can chase away a potential assaulter and avoid dangerous places. Analysis of items in the socio-demographic model shows a higher level of exposure to potential victimisation, more communication in the social environment and a greater fear of the natural environment, such as forests, in the Bosnian sample.
Povzetek
V raziskovanju in teorijah o strahu pred kriminaliteto v glavnem navajajo sociološke ali sociološko-demografske spremenljivke. Čeprav so te raziskave veliko prispevale k razumevanju strahu pred kriminaliteto, smo še vedno daleč od popolnega razumevanja tega pojava sodobne družbe. Članek predstavlja dve neodvisni raziskavi o strahu pred kriminaliteto, in sicer študiji, ki sta bili opravljeni v Sloveniji in v Bosni in Hercegovini. Rezultati kažejo višji nivo strahu pred kriminaliteto pri ženskah, pri osebah, ki menijo da so telesno manj zmožne, pri nezaposlenih in pri osebah, ki so v poznih večernih urah pogosto zdoma. V okviru socialno-psihološkega modela smo ugotovili, da so bistvene razlike med vzorcerna v tem, da se anketiranci v Bosni in Hercegovini bolj pogosto vidijo kot možne tarče kriminalnih dejanj in bolj kot Slovenci poudarjajo ljubosumje kot možen motiv za kriminalno dejanje. Pri Slovencih je ugotovljeno bolj izrazito nezaupanje do neznancev in prepričanje, da lahko preženejo potencialnega napadalca ter se izognejo nevarnim krajem. Iz analize postavk socialno-demografskega modela je v vzorcu iz Bosne in Hercegovine opazen višji nivo izpostavljanja potencialni viktimizaciji, več komunikacije v socialnem okolju in večji strah pred naravnim okoljem oz. gozdovi.
The question of legitimacy has become an increasingly important topic in criminological analysis in recent years, especially in relation to policing and to prisons. There is substantial empirical evidence to show the importance of legitimacy in achieving law-abiding behavior and cooperation from citizens and prisoners, especially through what has been described as procedural justice (that is, quality of decisionmaking procedures and fairness in the way citizens are personally treated by law enforcement officials). Yet the dual and interactive character of legitimacy, which necessarily involves both power-holders and audiences, has been largely neglected. This situation has arisen because criminologists have not fully explored the political science literature on legitimacy; hence adequate theorization has lagged behind empirical evidence. The principal aim of this Article is therefore theoretical: we aim to advance the conceptual understanding of legitimacy in the contexts of policing and prisons, drawing on insights from wider social science literatures, but applying them to criminal justice contexts. A central contention is that legitimacy is dialogic, involving claims to legitimacy by power-holders and responses by audiences. We conclude by exploring some broad implications of our analysis for future empirical studies of legitimacy in criminal justice contexts.
Although criminal justice systems vary greatly around the world, one theme has emerged in all western jurisdictions in recent years: a rise in both the rhetoric and practice of severe punishment at a time when public opinion has played a pivotal role in sentencing policy and reforms. Despite the differences among jurisdictions, startling commonalities exist among the five countries-the U.K., USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand-surveyed here. Drawing on the results of representative opinion surveys and other research tools the authors map public attitudes towards crime and punishment across countries and explore the congruence between public views and actual policies. Co-authored by four distinguished sentencing policy experts, Penal Populism and Public Opinion is a clarion call for limiting the influence of penal populism and instituting more informed, research-based sentencing policies across the western world.
The increase in cases of political corruption, the loss of politicians' credibility, the development of social and political forms of pathology (notably the rise of the extreme right along with exclusionist ideologies), and the role of the State have been at the center of political debates. In one way or another, these problems raise the question of the legitimacy of the established powers. The result is that legitimacy, a key notion of political thought in general, has today become a burning issue. Coicaud examines all these issues and proffers insightful answers to questions such as the connections between morality and politics, how rulers acquire or lose the right to govern, and how one can become the advocate of a theory of political justice that, while establishing limits, respects and even ensures the promotion of plurality within societies.
David Beetham's book explores the legitimation of power both as an issue in political and social science theory and in relation to the legitimacy of contemporary political systems including its breakdown in revolution. 'An admirable text which is far reaching in its scope and extraordinary in the clarity with which it covers a wide range of material... One can have nothing but the highest regard for this volume.' - David Held, Times Higher Education Supplement ;'Beetham has produced a study bound to revolutionize sociological thinking and teaching... Seminal and profoundly original... Beetham's book should become the obligitory reading for every teacher and practitioner of social science.' - Zygmunt Bauman, Sociology
Crime prevention should be rational and should be based on the best possible evidence. Decision-makers should weigh heavily any available evidence on what works best. How can a program that has produced no discernable evidence of effectiveness, as shown through numerous evaluations, be considered for implementation? Unfortunately, this happens all the time. Evidence-based crime prevention attempts to overcome this and other obstacles by ensuring that the best available evidence is considered in any decision to implement a program designed to prevent crime. This book is about evidence-based crime prevention. A project of the Campbell Collaboration Crime and Justice Group, Preventing Crime brings together the leading scientific evidence on what works best for a wide range of interventions organized around four important domains in criminology: at-risk children, offenders, victims, and places. It is the first book to assess the effectiveness of criminological interventions using the most rigorous review methodology of the systematic review. It is an indispensable guide to the leading scientific evidence on what works best to prevent crime.
Legal authorities gain when they receive deference and cooperation from the public. Considerable evidence suggests that the key factor shaping public behavior is the fairness of the processes legal authorities use when dealing with members of the public. This reaction occurs both during personal experiences with legal authorities and when community residents are making general evaluations of the law and of legal authorities. The strength and breadth of this influence suggests the value of an approach to regulation based upon sensitivity to public concerns about fairness in the exercise of legal authority. Such an approach leads to a number of suggestions about valuable police practices, as well as helping explain why improvements in the objective performance of the police and courts have not led to higher levels of public trust and confidence in those institutions.