ThesisPDF Available

Tous, J. Entrenamiento de la Musculatura Abdominal. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad de Barcelona, 2001.

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En esta tesis, se pretende, por un lado, establecer el estado de la cuestión y las posibles lineas de investigación a realizar en el futuro mediante la revisión critica de los estudios y aspectos más relevantes relacionados con el entrenamiento de la musculatura abdominal. Para ello se analiza la anatomía funcional de dicha musculatura, la diferenciación funcional neuromuscular, los ejercicios abdominales y su prescripción en distintas poblaciones, la teoria y metodologia del entrenamiento abdominal, los test de valoración funcional abdominal y la electromiografia como tecnica de investigación. Por otro lado, se incluyen, en una parte empirica, tres estudios sobre el tema. En primer lugar, se valora la hipótesis de la existencia de una diferenciación funcional en el músculo recto abdominal en sujetos experimentados. Para ello se emplea, por primera vez en nuestro pais, la tecnologia MuscleLab. Seguidamente, se comparan dos métodos de entrenamiento abdominal a corto plazo, con el objeto de observar si produce mejoras en la fuerza y resistencia abdominal en tan sólo dos semanas. Finalmente, se valora la hipótesis de si la secuencia de ejecución de ejercicios "inferior-oblicuo-superior" es más eficaz que la contraria a la hora de aumentar la fuerza y resistencia abdominal. Se concluye, en el primer estudio, que el músculo recto abdominal presenta una diferenciación funcional en al menos dos de sus porciones. Las velocidades de ejecución en los ejercicios cercanas a las habitualmente seguidas por cada sujeto facilitan la consecución de dicha diferenciación. El enrollamiento de tórax incide de manera preferente sobre las porciones mas craneales del recto abdominal, mientras que el enrollamiento de pelvis lo hace sobre las porciones má caudales aunque de forma menos evidente. En el segundo estudio se concluye que los programas de entrenamiento empleados parecen ser eficaces para desarrollar la fuerza y resistencia abdominal en un periodo de tan solo dos semanas.
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