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Key to sexing and ageing of European Passerines
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... Rosenfink Carpodacus erythrinus med utfargad rod drakt redan forsta varen KARE STROM Rosenfinkens Carpodacus erythrinus ruggning och utfargning har inte till alIa delar blivit he It klarlagd. Stjemberg (1979), Busse (1984) och Svensson (1984) anger att adulta rosenfinkar genomgar en komplett ruggning efter hostflyttningen i vinterkvarteren. Omfattningen av ungfaglamas ruggning ar mer oklar, men enligt Busse (1984) sker en partiell ruggning i vinterkvarteren, dar de juvenila kroppsfjadrama ruggas. ...
... Stjemberg (1979), Busse (1984) och Svensson (1984) anger att adulta rosenfinkar genomgar en komplett ruggning efter hostflyttningen i vinterkvarteren. Omfattningen av ungfaglamas ruggning ar mer oklar, men enligt Busse (1984) sker en partiell ruggning i vinterkvarteren, dar de juvenila kroppsfjadrama ruggas. ...
... Enligt litteraturen (Busse 1984, Svensson 1984) sker utfargningen av rosenfinkhannama forst i samband med den forsta kompletta ruggningen, d v sunder deras andra vinter. 2K hannar pa varen ar hontecknade medan 3K + hannar ar utfargade med karminrott pa hjassan, nacken, overgumpen, strupen och ovre delen av brostet. ...
... Information on the pre-alternate molt in European breeding passerines was obtained from Busse (1984). A single source of information was used to avoid inter-observer variability and to have more homogeneous and comparable data. ...
... All the species in our dataset show a similar molt pattern in males and females except Oriolus oriolus, whose pre-alternate molt is complete in males but partial in females. The winter season was defined as including November and December, following Busse (1984). However, it could be argued that these are autumn months. ...
... All 188 species (from 30 families) with detailed information on pre-alternate molt available in Busse (1984) were included in the study. The complete dataset is shown in Table S2. ...
Avian feathers need to be replaced periodically to fulfill their functions, with natural, social, and sexual selection presumably driving the evolution of molting strategies. In temperate birds, a common pattern is to molt feathers immediately after the breeding season, the pre-basic molt. However, some species undergo another molt in winter-spring, the pre-alternate molt. Using a sample of 188 European passerine species, Bayesian phylogenetic mixed models, and correlated evolution analyses, we tested whether the occurrence of the pre-alternate molt was positively associated with proxies for sexual selection (sexual selection hypothesis) and nonsexual social selection (social selection hypothesis), and with factors related to feather wear (feather wear hypothesis) and time constraints on the pre-basic molt (time constraints hypothesis). We found that the pre-alternate molt was more frequent in migratory and less gregarious species inhabiting open/xeric habitats and feeding on the wing, and marginally more frequent in species with strong sexual selection and those showing a winter territorial behavior. Moreover, an increase in migratory behavior and sexual selection intensity preceded the acquisition of the pre-alternate molt. These results provide support for the feather wear hypothesis, partial support for the sexual selection and time constraints hypotheses, and no support for the social selection hypothesis.
... During all seasons, about 450 linear metres of nets with mesh size 16 mm were used, usually placed in the same locations. The field work followed the standard proto- col used by Operation Baltic and the SEEN network described in Zaniewicz and Rosińska (2015) and Busse (2000). All nets were checked every hour from dusk to dawn. ...
... All nets were checked every hour from dusk to dawn. After spe- cies determination, the caught birds were aged and sexed (if possible) according to plumage features (Busse 1984;Svensson 1992), then ringed, and measured. The data collected included the level of fat deposits on a 9-point scale, wing and tail length, wing formula, and weight to the nearest 0.1 g. ...
Seasonal bird (Aves) migration between breeding and wintering areas, often located on different continents, can facilitate the spreading of tick species (Acari: Ixodida) and of tick-borne pathogens. The aim of the study was to analyse the occurrence of ticks dispersed by birds migrating along the Polish Baltic coast during spring and autumn migration. Field research was conducted at the bird ringing station in Wicie, located on the middle of the Polish Baltic coast, in 2011 and 2012 during spring and autumn migration. A total of 2657 birds from 45 species was examined. The most common species inspected were European robin (Erithacus rubecula) (63.3%), song thrush (Turdus philomelos) (5.13%), and goldcrest (Regulus regulus) (4.5%). Overall, 3129 ticks belonging to six species were collected: Ixodes ricinus (1650 larvae, 1390 nymphs and 1 male), Ixodes frontalis (20 larvae, 20 nymphs), Ixodes arboricola (35 larvae), Dermacentor reticulatus (1 larva), and Haemaphysalis punctata (1 nymph). Ten larvae and one nymph could only be identified to the genus level Ixodes. Ticks were located on various parts of the head: on the corner of the beak (75.0%), near the eyes (14.6%), on the chin (4.4%), near the ears (4.4%), on the neck (1.1%), and in the beak (0.5%). The overall tick prevalence was 40.5%. The highest prevalence was for bird species feeding on the ground, covering a medium distance to wintering grounds and migrating at night. Statistically significant differences between the number of ticks and the sex of the host species were detected in blackbirds: males carried more parasites than females, both, during spring and autumn migration. The fact that I. ricinus and other ticks parasitize birds migrating through Poland extends the possibility of the spread of tick-borne diseases.
... On the left tarsus of the birds, 4.2 mm diameter aluminum-magnesium rings with a feedback address under the pseudonym Turkey were attached. Species and sex determinations of the captured birds were made according to Busse, 1984;Jonsson, 1992;Svensson, 1992;Heinzel et al., 1995;Mullarney et al., 1999. The wing, tail, tarsus lengths of each bird were measured, respectively. ...
The oxidative stress level of organisms is one of the best indicators of whether they are healthy ornot. The increase in oxidative stress level in the cell can affect the longevity of the organism as well as causesome immune diseases. In this study, wing, tail, tarsus lengths, weights, muscle and fat scores, Total Antiox-idant Capacity (TAC), Total Oxidant Capacity (TOC) and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) levels of Blackbirdsliving in Sinop, Sarıkum Nature Protection Area were examined during all four seasons. A total of 55 Black-birds were caught in autumn, winter, spring and summer. The highest weight was detected in females andmales in autumn, and the lowest in summer. Although there was no statistical difference between the wingand tail lengths, they were slightly higher in the Spring. Total antioxidant levels were highest in both sexes inspring. TAC levels were statistically different only in males, and OSI levels in both sex. The season with thehighest OSI levels for both sexes is autumn. This situation was closely related to seasonal conditions andwhether they were in the breeding period or not. This study shows that total antioxdant levels and oxidativestress index can easily change in Blackbirds
(PDF) The Effect of Seasons on Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Total Oxidant Capacity (TOC) and OSI (Oxidative Stress Index) Levels in Free-Living Blackbirds (Turdus merula) in Nature. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373079865_The_Effect_of_Seasons_on_Total_Antioxidant_Capacity_TAC_Total_Oxidant_Capacity_TOC_and_OSI_Oxidative_Stress_Index_Levels_in_Free-Living_Blackbirds_Turdus_merula_in_Nature [accessed Aug 16 2024].
... 'Key to sexing and ageing of European Passerines' (Busse, 1984) Ölçümler tamamlandıktan sonra kuşlar serbest bırakılmıştır. Verici takmaya uygun bireyler kısa bir süre için alıkonularak hızlıca verici takma işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir ve diğerleri gibi serbest bırakılmıştır. ...
... Radi dobijanja homogenosti rezultata biometrijski podaci uzimani su na osnovu prihvaćene metodologije Evropske unije za prstenovanje ptica -EURING (Busse 1984(Busse , 2000. U ovom slučaju, to je značilo da su, za analizu biometrijskih parametara u ovom radu, mereni: Obeležavanje i manipulaciju uhvaćenim trstenjacima mlakarima vršila su stručno obučena lica, saradnici-volonteri Centra za markiranje životinja sa sedištem u Prirodnjačkom muzeju u Beogradu. ...
The aim of this study was to present migration dynamics and general biometrical characteristics of migrating Marsh Warblers (Acrocephalus palustris) at Ludaš lake. The data was collected in post-breeding period, during autumn migration from middle July to beginning of September during 12 years (1999-2011) with exception of 2007. Individuals of Marsh Warbler were captured using 14 to 18 vertical ornithological mist nets which were placed in reeds. Migration dynamics were monitored through frequency and numbers of trapped individuals in five-day periods (pentades). Measured parameters included: length of wing, third primary, notch, tail, toes and body mass. During a total of 511 capturing days, 546 individuals of Marsh Warbler were caught: 411 juveniles and 135 adults. The results showed that thet migration of Marsh Warblers at the study area occurred in two separated waves, with peaks at the end of July and in the middle of August. On the other hand, results of measurements of biometrical characters were rather homogeneous and showed a large overlap between juveniles and adults. Also, based on these measurements, we found no statistically significant differences between the two age groups of Marsh Warblers in all measured parameters. Although our data and other available sources suggest that European Marsh Warblers represent one population, further, genetic analyses are necessary to substantiate or reject this hypothesis.
... After species determination the birds caught were aged and sexed (if possible) according to plumage features and sometimes skull ossification (Busse 1984, Svensson 1992, ringed, and measured. The data determined in the trapped birds included the level of fat deposits on a 9-point scale (from 0 to 8) proposed by Busse (2000), wing and tail length, wing formula, and weight to the nearest 0.1 g. ...
The Wicie ringing station was one of several stations which cooperate within the SEEN organization (SE European Bird Migration Network). The station was located west of the small village of Wicie located in northern Poland on the central part of the Baltic Sea coast. The station was situated on a narrow spit between Kopañ Lake and the Baltic Sea and has operated since 2010. Data were collected during three spring and five autumn seasons. Birds were caught in mist-nets, which were placed mainly in bushes and reed beds. Over 55 000 birds of 113 species were caught and ringed during eight migratory seasons. Many of them were also tested for directional preferences in Busse’s cages.
... Birds were weighed to the nearest gram. Ringers were checked every year with respect to comparability of measuring accuracy, according to the procedure described by Busse (1994). ...
This book contains the results of the Bódva-valley Bird Ringing Station, with very detailed English and Slovakian summary at the end of the book. Data of almost 30 years was processed. The book dedicates chapter to every bird species studied during this time - short English summaries at the end of chapters. According to the habitats of the study site, shrub and forest-living birds formed the spectrum of the species. Breeding populations were investigated with the method of CES (Constant Effort Site). Autumn migration was studied generally from the middle of August to the end of October. Chapters contain information on the number of captured and recaptured birds, seasonal and long-time dynamics, habitat selection and recoveries. The book shows also the history of the station and the result of environmental education happened there.
Many species only show sexual dimorphism at the age of maturity, such that juveniles
typically resemble females. Under these circumstances, estimating accurate age-specific
demographic parameters is challenging. Here, we propose a multievent
model parameterization able to estimate age-dependent
survival using capture–recapture
data with uncertainty in age and sex assignment of individuals. We illustrate
this modeling approach with capture–recapture data from the ring-necked
parakeet
Psittacula krameri. We analyzed capture, recapture, and resighting data (439 recaptures/
resightings) of 156 ring-necked
parakeets tagged with neck collars in Barcelona
city from 2003 to 2016 to estimate the juvenile and adult survival rate. Our models
successfully estimated the survival probabilities of the different age classes considered.
Survival probability was similar between adults (0.83, 95% CI = 0.77–0.87) and
juveniles during their second (0.79, 95% CI = 0.58–0.87) and third winter (0.83, 95%
CI = 0.65–0.88). The youngest juveniles (1st winter) showed a slightly lower survival
(0.57, 95% CI = 0.37–0.79). Among adults, females showed a slightly higher survival
than males (0.87, 95% CI = 0.78–0.93; and 0.80, 95% CI = 0.73–0.86, respectively).
These high survival figures predict high population persistence in this species and
urge management policies. The analysis also stresses the usefulness of multievent
models to estimate juvenile survival when age cannot be fully ascertained.
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