New Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839 taxa from Greece (Collembola: Entomobryidae)

Abstract

Published data on genus Lepidocyrtus from Greece are scarce, being L. ligonorum the most common species in the region. In this paper the analysis of several populations of Lepidocyrtus from four Greek islands has allowed to describe the new species L. juliae sp. nov. and L. barbulus sp. nov. These new taxa were previously described as a color form and chaetotaxic variety of L. lignorum respectively in Greece. Along with other seven European species, the two new described taxa form the "Lepidocyrtus lignorum group", defined by the dorsal macrochaetae formula R0 R1R2/00/0101+3 (with or without cephalic macrochaeta So). An identification key has been developed for differentiating all species of this group. With the new described taxa the number of Lepidocyrtus species present in Greece increases to five, and the total European Lepidocyrtus species increases to 29.

Full text

Accepted by W.M. Weiner: 14 Oct. 2011; published: 24 Nov. 2011
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Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 3108: 25–40 (2011)
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New Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839 taxa from Greece (Collembola: Entomobryidae)
EDUARDO MATEOS
Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal, 643, 08028 Barcelona (Spain).
E-mail: emateos@ub.edu
Abstract
Published data on genus Lepidocyrtus from Greece are scarce, being L. ligonorum the most common species in the region.
In this paper the analysis of several populations of Lepidocyrtus from four Greek islands has allowed to describe the new
species L. juliae sp. nov. and L. barbulus sp. nov. These new taxa were previously described as a color form and chaeto-
taxic variety of L. lignorum respectively in Greece. Along with other seven European species, the two new described taxa
form the "Lepidocyrtus lignorum group", defined by the dorsal macrochaetae formula R
0
R
1
R
2
/00/0101+3 (with or without
cephalic macrochaeta So). An identification key has been developed for differentiating all species of this group. With the
new described taxa the number of Lepidocyrtus species present in Greece increases to five, and the total European Lepi-
docyrtus species increases to 29.
Key words: Lepidocyrtus lignorum group, taxonomy, new species, chaetotaxy, identification key
Resumen
Los datos publicados sobre el género Lepidocyrtus en Grecia son muy escasos, siendo L. ligonorum la especie más común
en la región. En el presente trabajo el análisis de diversas poblaciones de Lepidocyrtus en cuatro islas Griegas ha permitido
describir las nuevas especies Lepidocyrtus juliae sp. nov. y L. barbulus sp. nov. Estos nuevos taxa fueron previamente
descritos como una forma cromática y una variedad quetotáxica de L. lignorum respectivamente en Grecia. Junto con otras
siete species Europeas los dos nuevos taxa descritos forman el “Lepidocyrtus lignorum group”, que se define por la fór-
mula quetotáxica de macrosedas dorsales R
0
R
1
R
2
/00/0101+3 (con o sin macroseda cefálica So). Se ha elaborado una clave
para la diferenciación de todas las especies de este grupo. Con los nuevos taxa descritos se eleva a cinco el número de
especies de Lepidocyrtus presentes en Grecia y a 29 el total de especies Europeas de este género.
Palabras clave: Grupo Lepidocyrtus lignorum, taxonomía, especies nuevas, quetotaxia, clave de identificación
Introduction
Genus Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839 is represented by 27 species in Europe (see Mateos 2008a, b, Traser & Dányi
2008), with only three species cited in Greece: L. lignorum (Fabricius, 1793) and L. cyaneus Tullberg, 1871 from
Rhodes (Ellis 1974), L. lignorum and L. serbicus Denis, 1933 from Crete (Ellis 1976), and L. lignorum from the
Peloponnese (Gama 1973). L. lignorum is the most widespread species and have been described two different color
forms in the region. Gama (1973) described a chromatic variety (without taxonomic status) which she named L.
lignorum var., characterized by having violet pigment on ant. II–III–IV, cx. I–II–III, ventral region of the head, ven-
tral tube, dorsal region of abd.II–III and posterior part of abd.IV. Ellis (1976) described another chromatic form
from Crete (which he named L. lignorum forma?) characterized by having body pigment in the form of two broads
spots on abd.III and two smaller marks postero-laterally on abd.IV. In addition Ellis (1976) indicated that, in the
Greek population of L. lignorum that he studied, specimens of larger size showed symmetrical duplications of the
labial setae M and R.
Specimens of Lepidocyrtus from four Islands of Greece have been collected and studied in the present paper.
Several populations with characteristics indicated by Ellis (1974, 1976) for L. lignorum in the region have been
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26 · Zootaxa 3108 © 2011 Magnolia Press
found between the studied material. Morphologic and chaetotaxic study of these specimens indicates that the chro-
matic and chaetotaxic varieties described by Ellis actually correspond to new taxa.
Material and methods
In April 2009 several localities in the islands of Crete, Naxos, Paros and Rhodes were visited (Table 1). Lepidocyr-
tus specimens were collected by sieving soil leaf-litter and beating herbaceous vegetation. In the laboratory the
specimens were studied under phase contrast microscope, and identified at species level following Mateos (2008a).
Specimens initially identified as L. lignorum and L. tellecheae Arbea & Jordana, 1990 are those that have been
studied in detail in this paper. Also holotype, two paratypes, and seven Spanish specimens (from E. Mateos’ collec-
tion) of L. tellecheae have been studied.
TABLE 1. Greek Lepidocyrtus data (all material collected by the author). Code: locality code; Elev: elevation above sea level
in m; Date: collection date in dd-mm-yy format; Position: Lat/Long coordinates in dd.ddddddº format (Datum VGS84); Spe-
cies: species present on each locality; num: number of specimens collected; method (capture methodology): v––beating herba-
ceous vegetation, s––active searching on soil litter-fall by hand with an entomological aspirator.
For the dorsal macrochaetae and labial chaetotaxy notation of Gisin (1963, 1964a, b) were followed, except for
dorsal head macrochaetae row A codified following Barra (1975), and macrochaetae R
1
s codified following Wang
et al. (2003). For the dorsal chaetotaxy of thoracic and abdominal segments the notation established by Szeptycki
(1979) were used, except for seta d2 (abd.II) codified following Snider (1967), seta m7a (abd.III) according to
Wang et al. (2003) and seta p8p (abd.III) as in Mateos (2008a); the relation C1-B4/B4-B6 on abd.IV (relation
between C1–B4 setae distance and B4–B6 setae distance) has been used following Mateos (2008a).
Abbreviations used: The following abbreviations are used: ant.––antennal segment, th.––thoracic segment,
abd.––abdominal segment, cx.––coxae, I–VI––segments.
Code Locality Island Elev Date Position Species (num, method)
LOC169 Kakopetros Crete 525 07-04-09 N35.408150
E23.755342
L. barbulus (45, v)
LOC170 Georgioupoli Crete 9 07-04-09 N35.360540
E24.251808
L. juliae (46, v)
LOC171 Koundoudiana Crete 344 07-04-09 N35.402740
E23.711775
L. barbulus (10,v)
LOC177 Kalamafka Crete 12 06-04-09 N35.122030
E25.725606
L. barbulus (7, s)
LOC191 Kalamafka Crete 502 06-04-09 N35.080339
E25.650831
L. barbulus (5, s)
LOC174 Koronis Naxos 674 08-04-09 N37.134013
E25.529424
L. barbulus
(pigmented form 2, s)
LOC193 Melanes Naxos 199 09-04-09 N37.084273
E25.449834
L. barbulus (27, s)
LOC196 Lefkes Paros 419 10-04-09 N37.046272
E25.199959
L. barbulus (4, s)
LOC198 Lefkes Paros 483 10-04-09 N37.034672
E25.200393
L. barbulus (9, s)
LOC199 Drios Paros 89 10-04-09 N37.000678
E25.197013
L. lignorum (60, v)
LOC179 Laerma Rhodes 253 04-04-09 N36.146639
E27.920374
L. lignorum (111, v)
LOC180 Petaloudes
(Butterfly Valley)
Rhodes 225 03-04-09 N36.337087
E28.062473
L. lignorum (75, v)
L. barbulus (1, s)
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NEW LEPIDOCYRTUS TAXA FROM GREECE
Taxonomic section
Family Entomobryidae Schött, 1891
Genus Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839
Lepidocyrtus lignorum (Fabricius, 1793)
Tabs 1–4
Material examined. Rhodes, 5 spec. from LOC179, 5 spec. from LOC180; Paros, 5 spec. from LOC199 (Table 1).
All specimens on slides: three slides (codes CRBA8523, CRBA8524, CRBA8525) deposited at the Centre de
Recursos de Biodiversitat Animal, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (http://www.crba.ub.edu); other
slides deposited at the E. Mateos’ collection. In alcohol: Rhodes, 106 spec. from LOC179, 70 spec. from LOC180;
Paros, 55 spec. from LOC199 (Table 1). All spec. conserved in alcohol and deposited at the E. Mateos’ collection.
Diagnosis. Medium sized Lepidocyrtus (1.5 mm of maximum body length) with mesothorax slightly projected
over the head and with uniform yellowish body color. The only areas blue pigmented are ant.II–IV, anterior region
of the head and cox.I–II. Ocular areas black. Ant.I–II, legs and dorsal side of manubrium scaled. Ant.IV without
apical bulb. Labium chaetotaxy M
1
M
2
R*EL
1
L
2
(R half in length than other setae, marked with *). Labrum 4/554,
prelabral setae ciliated, first and second rows of labral setae smooth, apical row of labral setae branched (bi- or tri
branched), inverted U-shaped labral apical intrusion, four rounded labral papillae with three small pointed expan-
sions. Outer maxillary palp with two smooth macrochaetae. Outer differentiated seta of labial appendage curved,
tip not reaching the apex of the papilla. Ventral cephalic groove with 4+4 ciliated setae. Head with a maximum of
10+10 macrochaetae in row A. Interocular chaetotaxy with ciliated setae s, t, p, and two scales. Dorsal macrochae-
tae formula R
0
R
1
R
2
So/10/0301+3, with supplementary macrochaetae R
1
s between R
0
and R
1
. Abd.III seta d3
absent. Abd.IV trichobothrium T2 without accessory seta s, macrochaeta F2 above macrochaeta E3. All setae asso-
ciated with the dorsal trichobothria on abd.II–III–IV are fan-shaped mesochaetae. V-shaped trochanteral organ
formed by a maximum of 10 smooth setae. Inner edge of the unguis with basal paired teeth and two odd teeth,
unguiculus with outer edge smooth. Manubrial plate with a maximum of 3 inner setae and 7 outer setae.
Remarks. The examined specimens show the morphological and chaetotaxic characters described by Gisin
(1964a, b) and Mateos (2008a) for L. lignorum, although showing some minor differences such as: smaller body
size (1.5 mm instead of 2.0 mm), fewer trochanteral organ setae (10 instead of 21), and unguis with two odd teeth
(instead of only one). As Gama (1973) indicated studying specimens from different localities of mainland Greece,
not all specimens have the apical setae of labrum distinctly tri-branched (as indicated by Szeptycki 1967 in individ-
uals from Poland), and some of them have these setae bi-branched. No specimens with the color pattern described
by Gama (1973) for L. lignorum var. from the mainland Greece have been found.
FIGURE 1. L. juliae sp. nov.: Habitus.
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/00/0101+3

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28 · Zootaxa 3108 © 2011 Magnolia Press
Lepidocyrtus juliae sp. nov.
Figs 1–17, Tabs 1–4
Type material. Holotype: female on slide (CRBA7877), Georgioupoli, Crete (Greece), 9 m above sea level, lat/
long coordinates N35.360540 E24.251808 (LOC170 see Table 1), on herbaceous vegetation, hand collecting,
7.iv.2009, leg. E. Mateos. Paratypes: 1 female and 9 specimens without visible sexual plate on slides, the same data
as holotype. Type material (holotype, female paratype slide CRBA7879, and specimen slide CRBA7878) saved in
collection of the Centre de Recursos de Biodiversitat Animal, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (http://
www.crba.ub.edu); 8 paratypes kept in the E. Mateos’ collection (lot LP229).
Other material. Same data as type material; 35 spec. preserved in alcohol and kept in the E. Mateos’ collection.
FIGURES 2–8. L. juliae sp. nov.: 2, ant.III; 3, labrum; 4, apical labral seta; 5, maxilary palp; 6, outer labial palp; 7, labium
(left side) and ventral cephalic groove; 8, dorsal macrochaetae (circles), trichobotria (lines) and pseudopora (#).
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NEW LEPIDOCYRTUS TAXA FROM GREECE
FIGURES 9–10. L. juliae sp. nov.: 9, dorsal head chaetotaxy, broad circles––long ciliated macrochaetae, small circles––short
ciliated macrochaetae, lines––mesochaetae; 10, interocular chaetotaxy (right ocular area).
Etymology. The species is named after author’s daughter Julia Mateos.
Description. Holotype body length (without head nor furca) 1.4 mm, paratypes 1.3–1.5 mm. Body color pat-
tern (Fig. 1) formed by two broads spots on abd.III, almost filling the dorsum of that segment, leaving only a
median uncolored spot, and two smaller patches postero-laterally on abd.IV. Ant.II–III–IV weakly pigmented.
Ocular areas densely black pigmented. Mesothorax slightly projected over the head.
Antenna with scales on ant.I–II. Ratio antenna:cephalic diagonal = 1.8–2.0, ratio ant.I:II:III:IV such as
1:1.6:1.6:2.4. Basis of ant.I dorsally with three microchaetae arranged in triangle. Ant.III organ composed by two
subcilindrical and curved sensory rods (Fig. 2). Ant.IV without apical bulb. 8+8 eyes of equal size.
Prelabral and labral setae in typical number 4/554 (Fig. 3), prelabral setae ciliated, first and second rows of
labral setae smooth, apical row of labral setae branched (Fig. 4), inverted U-shaped labral apical intrusion, four
rounded labral papillae with three small pointed expansions (Fig 3). Outer maxillary palp with two smooth macro-
chaetae (Fig. 5). Lateral process (sensu Fjellberg 1999) of outer labial papilla curved, tip just reaching the apex of
the papilla (Fig. 6).
Labium anterior row (a1–a5) formed by smooth setae, posterior row formed by ciliated setae (M
1
M
2
R*EL
1
L
2
),
with R half in length on seta M
2
(marked as R*) (Fig. 7). Ventral cephalic groove with 4+4 ciliated macrochaetae
and 2+2 (3+3) scales.
The dorsal macrochaetae formula is R
0
R
1
R
2
So/00/0101+3 (Fig. 8). Dorsal cephalic chaetotaxy with a pair of
supplementary macrochaetae R
1
s
between R
0
and R
1
. Maximum number of macrochaetae A on the head 10+10
(Fig. 9). Interocular chaetotaxy with s, t, q, p ciliated setae and 3–4 scales (Fig. 10).
Abd.II–III chaetotaxy as in Figs 11–12. Abd.II seta ml absent, abd.III seta d3 absent. All setae associated with
the trichobothria on abd.II–III acuminate and strongly ciliate.
Abd.IV dorsal and dorsolateral macrochaetae of two distinct morphologies: B4, B5, B6, C1, D3, E2, E3, E4,
F1, F2, F3 broader and with broad socket T6, T7, D2, De3, E1, E4p, Fe4, Fe5 shorter or longer but always thinner
and with socket of minor diameter. Macrochaeta F2 above macrochaeta E3 (Fig. 13). Trichobothrium T2 without
accessory seta s. Trichobothrial complex setae D1, m, pi and pe acuminate and strongly ciliate, seta a fan-shaped
(Fig. 14). Five posterior smooth mesochaetae on abd.IV present.
Legs with scales except in claws. V-shaped trochanteral organ formed by a maximum of 11 smooth straight
setae (Fig. 15). Unguis with basal paired teeth at 52% of the inner edge, and with two inner unpaired teeth at 68%
(the bigger) and 88% of the inner edge respectively. Unguiculus lanceolate with serrated outer margin. Tibiotarsal
tenent hair spatulate (Fig. 16).
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Furca with scales on dorsal and ventral surfaces. Ratio manubrium:dens:mucro such as 17:20:1. Manubrial
plate with 3 inner setae and a maximum of 8 outer setae (Fig. 17).
Ecology and distribution. All specimens were obtained in the same locality beating the herbaceous vegetation
composed exclusively by Oxalis pes-caprae (L.) (Magnoliopsida, Oxalidaceae).
Discussion. Ellis (1976) described two specimens from Crete with the same color pattern described here for L.
juliae sp. nov., and identified them as L. lignorum form? assuming that these were a color variation of L. lignorum.
Subsequently, Gruia et al. (2000) described L. lignorum triangulata form from several localities of Israel, and con-
sidered this was the same color form of L. lignorum forma? described by Ellis in Crete. With the new population of
Crete studied in this paper it concludes that the color forms described by Ellis and Gruia et al. correspond to L.
juliae sp. nov.
FIGURES 11–12. L. juliae sp. nov.: 11, abd.II complete chaetotaxy, broad circles––broad ciliated macrochatae, lines––
mesochetae, pse––pseudoporus; 12, abd.III complete chaetotaxy, broad circles––broad ciliated macrochatae, small circles––
thin ciliated macrochaetae, lines––mesochetae, pse––pseudoporus.
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NEW LEPIDOCYRTUS TAXA FROM GREECE
FIGURES 13–14. L. juliae sp. nov.: 13, abd.IV complete chaetotaxy, broad black circles––broad ciliated macrochatae, small
black circles––thin ciliated macrochaetae, lines––smooth mesochaetae and microchaetae, triangles––fan-shaped setae, x––
trichobothria, #––pseudoporus; 14, abd.IV trichobotrial complex.
By dorsal macrochaetae chaetotaxy and morphology of unguis and empodium, L. juliae sp. nov. is very close
to species L. barbulus sp. nov., L. lignorum, L. tellecheae, L. instratus Handschin, 1924 and L. violaceus Lubbock,
1873 (see Mateos 2008a). Of these five species L. juliae sp. nov. can be differentiated by the color pattern; from L.
instratus also differs by the unguis morphology; from L. barbulus sp. nov., L. lignorum and L. tellecheae also dif-
fers by the presence of ocular seta q, the absence of abd.II seta ml, high C1–B4/B4–B6 relation on abd.IV, and by
acuminate and ciliate setae (instead of fan-shaped) associated with the trichobothria of abd.II-III-IV; from L. ligno-
rum also differs by its serrate unguiculus; from L. barbulus sp. nov. and L. tellecheae also differs because of its
lower body size, the absence of scales on ant.III, fewer trochanteral organ and manubrial plate setae, and absence
of abd.III seta d3.
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FIGURES 15–17. L. juliae sp. nov.: 15, trochanteral organ (other setae than trochanteral organ omitted); 16, third leg unguis
and unguiculus; 17, manubrial plate, circles––ciliated macrochaetae, filled circles––pseudopora.
Lepidocyrtus barbulus sp. nov.
Figs 18–32, Tabs 1–4
FIGURES 18–19. L. barbulus sp. nov.: 18, habitus unpigmented form; 19, habitus pigmented form.
Type material. Holotype: female on slide (CRBA7880), Kalamafka, Crete (Greece), 502 m above sea level, lat/
long coordinates N35.080339 E25.650831 (LOC191 see Table 1), on soil litter-fall, hand collecting, 6.iv.2009, leg.
E. Mateos. Paratypes (27 specimens on slides, see Table 1 for collecting data): Crete, 9 spec. from LOC169, 2 spec.
from LOC171, 2 spec. from LOC177; Naxos, 1 spec. from LOC174, 8 spec. from LOC193; Paros, 2 spec. from
LOC196, 2 spec. from LOC198; Rhodos, 1 spec. from LOC180. Type material (holotype, one female paratype
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NEW LEPIDOCYRTUS TAXA FROM GREECE
slide CRBA7881 from LOC177, and one male paratype slide CRBA7882 from LOC171) saved in collection of the
Centre de Recursos de Biodiversitat Animal, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain (http://
www.crba.ub.edu); other slides kept in the E. Mateos’ collection.
FIGURES 20–25. L. barbulus sp. nov.: 20, ant.III; 21: labrum apical region; 22, maxillary palp; 23, outer labial palp; 24:
labium (left side); 25, interocular chaetotaxy (right ocular area).
Other material. Crete: 36 spec. from LOC169, 8 spec. from LOC171, 5 spec. from LOC177, 4 spec. from
LOC191; Naxos: 1 spec. from LOC174, 19 spec. from LOC193; Paros: 2 spec. from LOC196, 7 spec. from
LOC198 (Table 1). All specimens preserved in alcohol and kept in the E. Mateos’ collection.
Etymology. The species name refers to the presence of many labial setae as a mode of beard. In Latin “with
beard” says “barbulus”.
Description. Maximum body length (without head and furca) 2.6 mm. Body yellowish, with dark blue pig-
ment on anterior region of the head, ant.II–IV, and cx.I–III (Fig. 18). The two specimens from locality LOC174
also with diffuse violet pigment on ant.I, lateral and ventral head, and on th.II to abd.IV (Fig. 19). All specimens
with dark pigmented ocular areas. When alive the whole animal is dark silver due to light refraction on the scales
covering the cuticle. Mesothorax slightly projected over the head.
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FIGURES 26–27. L. barbulus sp. nov.: 26, abd.II complete chaetotaxy, broad circles––broad ciliated macrochatae, lines––
mesochetae, pse––pseudoporus; 27, abd.III complete chaetotaxy, broad circles––broad ciliated macrochatae, small circles––
thin ciliated macrochaetae, lines––mesochetae, empty circle––pseudoporus.
Antenna with scales on ant.I–II and ant.III basal half (Fig. 20). Antenna:cephalic diagonal between 1.8 and 2.3.
Ratio ant.I:II:III:IV such as 1:2:2:2.8. Basis of ant.I dorsally with three microchaetae arranged in triangle. Ant.III
organ composed by two subcilindrical and curved sensory rods. Without apical ant.IV bulb. 8+8 eyes of equal size.
Prelabral and labral setae in typical number 4/5,5,4. Prelaberal setae ciliated, labral setae smooth. Inverted U-
shaped labral apical intrusion. Four rounded labral papillae with three or four denticles (Fig 21). Outer maxillary
palp with two smooth macrochaetae (Fig. 22). Lateral process (sensu Fjellberg 1999) of outer labial papilla curved,
tip not reaching the apex of the papilla (Fig. 23).
Labium anterior row (a1–a5) formed by smooth macrochaetae, posterior row formed by ciliated macrochaetae,
with three or more M setae and two or more R setae (M
1-4
R*
1-5
E L
1
L
2
), being all R setae smaller than the other
(marked with *) (Fig. 24). Ventral cephalic groove with 4+4 ciliated macrochaetae and 4+4 scales.
The dorsal macrochaetae formula is R
0
R
1
R
2
So/00/0101+3, with a pair of supplementary macrochaetae R
1
s
between R
0
and R
1
. Maximum number of macrochaetae A on the head 18+18. Interocular chaetotaxy with s, t, p cil-
iated setae, and 5 scales at most (Fig. 25).
Abd.II–III chaetotaxy as in Figs 26–27. Abd. II seta ml present, abd. III seta d3 present. All setae associated
with the trichobothria on abd.II–III fan-shaped.
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NEW LEPIDOCYRTUS TAXA FROM GREECE
FIGURES 28–29. L. barbulus sp. nov.: 28, abd.IV complete chaetotaxy, broad black circles = broad ciliated macrochatae,
small black circles––thin ciliated macrochaetae, lines––smooth mesochaetae and microchaetae, triangles––fan-shaped setae, x–
–trichobothria, #––pseudoporus; 29, abd.IV trichobotrial complex.
Abd.IV dorsal and dorsolateral macrochaetae of two distinct morphologies: B4, B5, B6, C1, D3, E2, E3, E4,
F1, F2, F3 broader and with broad sockets; T6, T7, D2, De3, E1, E4p, Fe4, Fe5 shorter or longer but always thinner
and with sockets of minor diameter (Fig. 28). Macrochaeta F2 online or below macrochaeta E3. Trichobothrium T2
without accessory seta s. Trichobothrial complex setae (D1, a, m, pi and pe) fan-shaped (Fig. 29).
Legs with scales except claws. Trochanteral organ formed by a maximum of 31 smooth straight setae (Fig. 30).
Unguis with basal paired teeth at 50% of the inner edge, and with two inner unpaired teeth at 72% (the bigger) and
87% of the inner edge respectively. Unguiculus lanceolate with finely serrate outer margin. Tibiotarsal tenent hair
spatulate (Fig. 31).
Furca with scales on dorsal and ventral surfaces. Ratio manubrium:dens:mucro such as 17:19:1. Manubrial
plate with 3 inner setae and a maximum of 17 external setae (Fig. 32).
Ecology and distribution. The studied populations have been found in forest litter fall; only in one locality the
specimens have been collected on herbaceous vegetation (Table 1).
Discussion. Ellis (1976) studying L. lignorum from Greece indicated symmetric duplications of labial setae M
and R in the biggest specimens, with labial chaetotaxic formulae as M
1
M
2
M
3
R
1
R
2
R
3
EL
1
L
2
. The present study has
shown that specimens referred by Ellis actually correspond to the new species L. barbulus sp. nov. Between the
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36 · Zootaxa 3108 © 2011 Magnolia Press
FIGURES 30–32. L. barbulus sp. nov.: 30, trochanteral organ (other setae than trochanteral organ omitted); 31, third leg
unguis and unguiculus; 32, manubrial plate, circles––ciliated macrochaetae, filled circles––pseudopora.
TABLE 2. Greek Lepidocyrtus diagnostic characters. Body color pattern: general pattern of body pigmentation (head not spec-
ified); Max length: maximum body length in mm (without head nor furca); Head macrochaetotaxy: formula of dorsal head
macrochaetae; Body macrochaetotaxy: formula of dorsal number of thoracic and abdominal macrochaetae; Interocular chaeto-
taxy: [num]––maximum number of interocular scales; Labial chaetotaxy: upper case––ciliated macrochaetae, *––seta reduced
in length; Labral papillae: number of denticles on labral papillae; Ant.III scales: presence or absence of scales on the basal half
of ant.III; Labral apical setae: shape of the apical labral setae; Abd.II seta ml: presence or absence of seta ml on abd.II; Abd.III
seta d3: presence or absence of seta d3 on abd.III; Abd.IV C1–B4/B4–B6: relation between C1–B4 setae distance and B4-B6
setae distance on abd.IV; Abd.IV F2-E3: relative position of macrochaeta F2 with respect to E3 on abd.IV; Troc organ: maxi-
mum number of setae of trochanteral organ of third legs; Unguiculus: shape of the outer edge of unguiculus; Manubrial plate:
maximum number of inner plus outer setae of manubrial plate.
(1)
based on specimens from Spain;
(2)
seta present on one specimen
L. lignorum L. juliae L. barbulus
L. tellecheae
(1)
Body color pattern absent present absent/present absent
Max length (mm) 1.5 1.5 2.6 2.5
Head macrochaetotaxy R
0
R
1
R
2
So R
0
R
1
R
2
So R
0
R
1
R
2
So R
0
R
1
R
2
So
Body macrochaetotaxy /00/0101+3 /00/0101+3 /00/0101+3 /00/0101+3
Interocular chaetotaxy s, t [2], p s, t [4], q, p s, t [5], p s, t [6], p
Labial chaetotaxy M
1
M
2
R*EL
1
L
2
M
1
M
2
R*EL
1
L
2
M
1-4
R*
1-5
EL
1
L
2
M
1
M
2
R*EL
1
L
2
Labral papillae 3 3 3-4 1
Ant.III scales no no yes yes
Labral apical setae branched branched pointed pointed
Abd.II seta ml present absent present present
Abd.III seta d3
absent
(2)
absent present present
Abd.IV C1-B4/B4-B6 0.63 (0.53–0.75) 0.87 (0.78–0.99) 0.62 (0.52–0.80) 0.81 (0.74–0.99)
Abd.IV F2-E3 F2 above E3 F2 above E3 F2 below E3 F2 above E3
Troc organ 10 16 33 25
Unguiculus smooth serrate serrate serrate
Manubrial plate 3+7 3+8 3+17 3+15
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NEW LEPIDOCYRTUS TAXA FROM GREECE
European Lepidocyrtus the labial chaetotaxy is a very conservative character and only the species L. curvicollis
Bourlet, 1839 (Dallai 1967, 1969) and L. fimetarius Gisin, 1964 (Wang et al. 2003) show intraspecific variation.
Also Mateos (2008a) pointed out that several specimens of L. tellecheae from Spain may have an extra seta M on
one side of the labium. So, the constant presence of more than two M and more than one R setae in labial chaeto-
taxy is a diagnostic character of the L. barbulus sp. nov. Also, the presence of pigmented specimens in one locality
is an indication that the new species has chromatic variability in the region. Of the two pigmented specimens col-
lected, one of them was examined by microscope and exhibited the same characters than unpigmented ones.
By dorsal macrochaetae chaetotaxy and morphology of unguis and empodium, L. barbulus sp. nov. is very
close to species L. instratus, L. juliae sp. nov., L. lignorum, L. tellecheae and L. violaceus (see Mateos 2008a). Of
these five species, L. barbulus sp. nov. can be differentiated by the constant presence of more than two M setae (3–
4) and more than one R setae (2–5) on labial chaetotaxy. The most similar species is L. tellecheae, from which the
new species can be also differentiated by having abd.IV macrochaeta F2 online or below macrochaeta E3, lower
C1–B4/B4–B6 relation on abd.IV, and labral papillae with three or four denticles (instead of only one denticle in L.
tellecheae) (Table 2).
Lepidocyrtus “lignorum group” species key
Among the European Lepidocyrtus the “lignorum group” could be defined by the dorsal macrochaetae formula
R
0
R
1
R
2
/00/0101+3 (with or without cephalic macrochaeta So). This group is composed by the species L. instratus,
L. lignorum, L. peisonis Traser & Christian, 1992, L. ruber Schött, 1902, L. tellecheae, L. uzeli Rusek, 1985 and L.
violaceus (see Mateos 2008a), to which the new species L. juliae sp. nov. and L. barbulus sp. nov. must be added.
The first described species of the group was L. lignorum, and so the group gets its name.
1 Unguiculus acuminate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
- Unguiculus truncate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 Mesothorax strongly projecting, body with pigment on th.III to abd.III expanding to th.II and abd.IV in the more densely pig-
mented specimens, unguis basal pair teeth at less than 45% of the inner edge, unguis tooth at less than 55% of the inner edge .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L. instratus Handschin, 1924 (Austria, Italy, Slovakia, Switzerland)
- Mesothorax slightly projecting over the head, body with or without pigment, unguis basal pair teeth at more than 45% of the
inner edge, unguis tooth at more than 65% of the inner edge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
3 Body with pigment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
- Body unpigmented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 Labium with more than two M and more than one R setae, apex of the third row of labral setae simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. barbulus sp. nov. (pigmented form) (Greece: Naxos)
- Labium with two M and one R setae, apex of the third row of labral setae branched . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 Body pigment in two broads spots on abd.III and two smaller marks postero laterally on abd.IV, ocular seta q present, abd.II
seta ml absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. juliae sp. nov. (Greece: Crete)
- Body pigment not as above, ocular seta q absent, abd.II seta ml present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
6 Body dark blue pigmented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .L. violaceus Lubbock, 1873
(Austria, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Rep. of Moldova,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine)
- Body pigment on abd.II-III and posterior part of abd.IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. lignorum var. Gama, 1973 (Greece: Peloponnese)
7 Apex of the third row of labral setae branched, maximum body length 1.8 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. lignorum (Fabricius, 1793)
(Albania, Austria, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece with
Crete and Dodecanese islands, Hungary, Ireland, Italy with Sardinia and Sicily, Rep. of Moldova, Norway with Faroe, Sval-
vard and Jan Mayen islands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain with Balearic islands, Switzerland, Netherlands,
Ukraine)
- Apex of the third row of labral setae simple, maximum body length 2.5 mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8 Labium with two M and one R setae, abd.IV with macrochaeta F2 online or below macrochaeta E2, labral papillae with one
denticle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. tellecheae Arbea & Jordana, 1990 (Portugal, Spain)
- Labium with more than two M and more than one R setae, abd.IV with macrochaeta F2 above macrochaeta E2 , labral papillae
with three or four denticles . . . . . . . . . . . L. barbulus sp. nov. (unpigmented form) (Greece: Crete, Naxos, Paros and Rhodes)
9 Dorsal cephalic macrochaeta So absent, inner margin of the unguis with one odd tooth, body color variable from yellow to dark
violet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. ruber Schött, 1902
(Austria, Britain, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia Central, Slovakia,
Ukraine)
- Dorsal cephalic macrochaeta So present, inner margin of the unguis with two or no odd teeth, body color present or absent. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
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F2 above E3 ... tellecheae F2 online or below E3 ... barbulus

MATEOS
38 · Zootaxa 3108 © 2011 Magnolia Press
10 Body dark violet pigmented, inner margin of the unguis without odd teeth . . . . . . . . . L. uzeli Rusek, 1985 (Czech Republic)
- Body unpigmented, inner margin of the unguis with two little odd teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. peisonis Traser & Christian, 1992 (Slovakia, Ukraine)
General discussion
With the description of the new taxa L. juliae sp. nov. and L. barbulus sp. nov. the number of Lepidocyrtus species
present in Greece increases to five, and the total European species increases to 29. The three Greek Lepidocyrtus
species studied in the present paper can be differentiated by chaetotaxic, morphological, and color pattern charac-
ters (Tables 2, 3, 4).
Interocular, labral, labial, and total dorsal and dorsolateral abd.II–III–IV chaetotaxy are specially useful char-
acters. The number of setae on trochanteral organ and manubrial plate is variable according to the size of the spec-
imen, but the maximum number present in specimens of larger size of each species is really informative. Although
the color pattern is difficult to use as a diagnostic character in the European Lepidocyrtus species (Mateos 2008a),
when it is accompanied by other chaetotaxic and morphological characters it is very useful for specific differentia-
tion. This is the case of L. juliae sp. nov., which can be clearly distinguished from the other two Greek species by
its characteristic color pattern. However, pigmented and unpigmented specimens of L. barbulus sp. nov. have no
morphological nor chaetotaxic differences, so they have been considered chromatic forms of the same species.
TABLE 3. Greek Lepidocyrtus, abd.II: chaetotaxy between seta mi and seta m5; cm––ciliated mesochaeta; sm––smooth
mesochaeta; r––short mesochaeta; fsm––fan-shaped mesochaeta; T––trichobothrium; cM––ciliated macrochaeta; - ––absent.
(1)
based on specimens from Spain.
Acknowledgements
Dr Rafael Jordana (Universidad de Navarra, Spain) provided paratype specimens of Lepidocyrtus tellecheae. Dr
Peter J. Schwendinger (Museum of Natural History, Geneva, Switzerland) provided specimens of Lepidocyrtus
lignorum determined by H. Gisin. Dr. Wanda M. Weiner, Dr. Gy. Traser and other anonymous reviewer provided
helpful comments that improved the manuscript.
seta L. juliae L. barbulus
L. lignorum
L. tellecheae
(1)
mi cm fsm
ml - fsm
m2 T T
a2 sm sm
as r r
a2p sm sm
a3 sm sm
m3 cM cM
m3e sm sm
p4 sm sm
lm cm fsm
ll cm fsm
a5 T T
m4 sm sm
m5 cM cM
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NEW LEPIDOCYRTUS TAXA FROM GREECE
TABLE 4. Greek Lepidocyrtus, abd.III: chaetotaxy between seta mi and seta p8p; cm––ciliated mesochaeta; sm––smooth
mesochaeta; mr––microchaeta; r––short mesochaeta; fsm––fan-shaped mesochaeta; T––trichobothrium; cMb––broad ciliated
macrochaeta; cMt—thin ciliated macrochaeta; - —absent.
(1)
based on specimens from Spain.
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