No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Stronger Innovation Linkages for Global Growth
Abstract
INSEAD and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO, a specialized agency of the United Nations) co-publish The Global Innovation Index (GII) since 2012. This year in its fifth edition, the GII was previously published by INSEAD. The GII recognizes the key role of innovation as a driver of economic growth and prosperity and acknowledges the need for a broad horizontal vision of innovation that is applicable to both developed and emerging economies, with the inclusion of indicators that go beyond the traditional measures of innovation (such as the level of research and development in a given country). The GII has evolved into a valuable benchmarking tool to facilitate public-private dialogue, whereby policymakers, business leaders and other stakeholders can evaluate progress on a continual basis.
... There is a problem of the speed at which innovation in the labour force qualifications in Saudi Arabia has been taken place (Larson and Pence, 2016). Innovation in the labour force through training and technical progress is supposed to transform organisational competitiveness in line with the strategies contained in Vision 2030 (Dutta et al., 2012). Therefore, there is an urgent need to invest in skilled human capital by restructuring programs within institutions of higher learning to produce graduates needed for innovative and competitive strategies (Cooper et al., 2015). ...
... This can be achieved in part by transforming Saudi Arabia's markets to use business intelligence strategies (Alshumaimri et al., 2010). To achieve this, certain critical enablers should be utilised (Dutta et al., 2012). Enablers include business intelligence, political will and transparency, effective private-public sector partnership, modern educational institutions, skilled labour force, openness of the economy, and modern infrastructure. ...
... However, to reduce the innovation gap, this has to be consistent with the current Saudi levels of development (Albadir, 2014). Furthermore, the innovation initiatives must integrate not only the main deliverables but also a range of elements relevant to the strategic values of Saudi Arabia (Dutta et al., 2012). ...
Abstract: This paper examines the role of business intelligence in creating a more knowledge-based economy in Saudi Arabia. It identifies major enablers that could be utilised to close the existing gaps between business and competitive intelligence. We assess the fundamentals of Saudi Arabia’s economy to make recommendations for that economy for the long term. Our recommendations are based on our experiences with Saudi culture as well as the current state of the economy. Saudi Arabia has embarked on an ambitious plan to reduce or end its dependency on crude oil as a revenue generator. We have identified seven major issues that may enable movement toward a more knowledge-based and innovative economy. These issues, if addressed, may help decision-makers transform Saudi Arabia’s markets to a more knowledge-driven economy that is less dependent on oil.
... There is a problem of the speed at which innovation in the labour force qualifications in Saudi Arabia has been taken place (Larson and Pence, 2016). Innovation in the labour force through training and technical progress is supposed to transform organisational competitiveness in line with the strategies contained in Vision 2030 (Dutta et al., 2012). Therefore, there is an urgent need to invest in skilled human capital by restructuring programs within institutions of higher learning to produce graduates needed for innovative and competitive strategies (Cooper et al., 2015). ...
... This can be achieved in part by transforming Saudi Arabia's markets to use business intelligence strategies (Alshumaimri et al., 2010). To achieve this, certain critical enablers should be utilised (Dutta et al., 2012). Enablers include business intelligence, political will and transparency, effective private-public sector partnership, modern educational institutions, skilled labour force, openness of the economy, and modern infrastructure. ...
... However, to reduce the innovation gap, this has to be consistent with the current Saudi levels of development (Albadir, 2014). Furthermore, the innovation initiatives must integrate not only the main deliverables but also a range of elements relevant to the strategic values of Saudi Arabia (Dutta et al., 2012). ...
... The Global Competitiveness Report [26] considers innovation as an important determinant of competitive advantage of countries. The Global Innovation Index [52] is an outstanding measure of innovation which classifies innovation-related factors into two broad categories: innovation inputs and innovation outputs. Innovation input is composed of institutional factors (political environment, regulatory environment, and business environment), human capital and research (education, tertiary education, and research and development), infrastructure (ICTs, general infrastructure, and ecological sustainability), market sophistication (credit, investment, and trade and competition), and business sophistication (knowledge workers, innovation linkages, and knowledge absorption). ...
... On the technology side, we used three data sources in this study: the United Nations Global e-Government Readiness Report [48], INSEAD Global Innovation Index [52], and the World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Competitiveness Report [26]. These are the major secondary sources in the areas of economic and technological development. ...
... Technological innovation data come from INSEAD Global Innovation Index [52]. The index is based on two broad categories of variables: innovation input and innovation output. ...
Technology has significantly changed the way humans live. Information and communication technologies have advanced and given their important spillovers to other economic sectors. Sociocultural view of globalization posits that cultural values across the world are continuously changing. From the theoretical lens of technological determinism theory, technology of a society determines the development of its social structure and cultural values. Drawing on the sociocultural aspect of globalization and technological determinism theory, this study investigates the relationship between technology and national cultural values. Using secondary national-level data such as United Nations’ E-Government Survey and Global Innovation Index, we validate the proposed relationships. The results of the study indicate that technology is an important driver of cultural convergence pushing national cultures across the globe to converge toward two cultural values suggested by Hofstede: higher individualism and lower power distance. This study also finds that technology increases national confidence in financial markets through creation of increased transparency. The study has implications for policymakers at both national and global levels regarding how technology affects the evolution of human societies. Additional implications exist for the promotion of democracy.
... In this regard, previous efforts have been made in this direction considering traditional innovations (Dutta et al., 2022;Galindo Martín, 2008). In fact, the Global Innovation Index (GII) 3 reports include a graph analysing the shape of Economic Development and Innovation (Dutta, 2012). Focusing on these graphs between 2013 and 2022 (corresponding to the period analysed in this paper); it could be observed a positive relationship between economic development and innovation, although the shape of this link varies depending on the year analysed (see Figure 1). ...
... GDP is used in its logarithmic form to normalize the observed data and avoid the potential appearance of outliers in the sample, as e.g. Dutta (2012). the environmental innovation performance of EU countries. ...
Nowadays, eco-innovation is considered the engine for a green path. This paper analyses the relationship between the level of economic development and eco-innovations for the EU-27 countries in the period 2013-2022. Results show an S-shaped curve in the relationship between the two variables in the EU countries: a lower level of GDP per capita implies that eco-innovation growth is monotonically positive or exponential, however, a higher level of economic development shows eco-innovation stagnates.
... To this end, the GII (Global Innovation Index) project has been consulted. INSEAD launched it in 2007 to determine how to find metrics and approaches to better capture the wealth of innovation in society and go beyond traditional measures of innovation (number of research articles and number of R&D expenditures) (Benavente et al., 2012). This project in 2012 analyzed 141 economies using 84 indicators and three types of data: (1) composite indicators, (2) survey questions from the World Economic Forum's Executive Opinion Survey, and (3) indicators of data series. ...
... The selected inputs to predict the shared sport-related GDP per capita (European Commission, 2018) were the seven innovation indicators extracted from the GII (Benavente et al., 2012). These indicators are classified into two groups: Innovation Input Sub-Index and Innovation Output Sub-Index. ...
In recent years, the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach has gained particular interest worldwide for understanding the context of entrepreneurship at the macro level. However, although the sports sector is gaining importance in the European Union and can improve people's health, generate employment, and contribute to countries' GDP, no research from this perspective has been found. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the influence of different indicators related to innovation on European Union countries' shared sport-related GDP (last data available from 2012 were used). The results showed that 12 solutions could explain 76% of the cases of high levels of shared sport-related GDP. The most important solution is the combination of high levels of creativity*high levels of knowledge and technology*high levels of business* high levels of infrastructure*high levels of human capital and research (consistency: 0.80; raw coverage: 0.50). Finally, some guidelines to develop a sport entrepreneurial ecosystem are proposed.
... The Global Innovation Index (GII) is an indicator which annual ranking of countries by their capacity and success in innovation and innovative activities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The GII was calculated based on a large number of indicators, grouped into two sub-indices: Innovation Input Sub-Index (IISI) and Innovation Output Sub-Index (IOSI). ...
... Data on values of global innovation index (GII) for Serbia has been retrieved from GII editions for period 2009-2019 [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], with a certain calculations from the part of the authors. For the trend analysis, we used the following parameters: annual growth rate (AGR) and cumulative growth index (CGI), described in the papers [23][24][25][26][27]. ...
The global innovation index (GII) is an indicator which annual ranking of countries by their capacity and success in innovation and innovative activities and published annually from 2007. According to the GII index, for the observed period 2009–2019, Serbia was in quartile Q2, except in 2009–2010 and 2016 when it was in Q3 and Q4. In the paper is given trend analysis and approximation of Serbia’s global innovation index (GII) for period 2011–2019, Data about GII index is adequately approximated with 5th-degree polynomial regression model (PRM5) with R = 0.92085, R² = 0.84797 and AdjR² = 0.59459.
... No ano de 2012, o Brasil apresentou uma distribuição de pontos fortes e fracos semelhante ao da Rússia, nos pilares: instituições, infra-estrutura e sofisticação de mercado e negócios. Porém, apresentou fraco desempenho nos pilares capital humano e pesquisa (em um nível semelhante ao da China), e entre os BRICS em produção de conhecimento e tecnologia Dutta et al. (2012) Refinando esta análise, há sete áreas nas quais os quatro países dos BRICS alcançam desempenhos muito semelhantes: bens e serviços criativos, pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D), comércio e concorrência, vínculos de inovação, absorção de conhecimento e, em menor grau, ambiente regulatório e difusão do conhecimento. Existem oito domínios, no entanto, em que os escores diferiam-se substancialmente: criação de conhecimento; educação superior, ambiente de negócios, ensino fundamental, informação e tecnologias de comunicação (TIC), intangíveis criativos e impacto de conhecimento Dutta et al. (2012). ...
... Porém, apresentou fraco desempenho nos pilares capital humano e pesquisa (em um nível semelhante ao da China), e entre os BRICS em produção de conhecimento e tecnologia Dutta et al. (2012) Refinando esta análise, há sete áreas nas quais os quatro países dos BRICS alcançam desempenhos muito semelhantes: bens e serviços criativos, pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D), comércio e concorrência, vínculos de inovação, absorção de conhecimento e, em menor grau, ambiente regulatório e difusão do conhecimento. Existem oito domínios, no entanto, em que os escores diferiam-se substancialmente: criação de conhecimento; educação superior, ambiente de negócios, ensino fundamental, informação e tecnologias de comunicação (TIC), intangíveis criativos e impacto de conhecimento Dutta et al. (2012). ...
... When there is no theory, it can be impossible to be sure that a given indicator is measuring the most appropriate components of societal welfare. To overcome this issue some authors have developed representations of the economy which explicitly consider the system flow from inputs to outputs (Dutta et al. 2012;Porter et al. 2014). However, these are often simplistic and do not present the level of detail required to allow a user to really understand the processes at work. ...
... In the case of social welfare this may be the result of enhanced gentrification and inequality (Stern and Seifert 2008), while in the case of environmental health the creative economy may increase natural resource use and pollution (Oakley, 2018b). These negative impacts are not explicitly captured in the most common creativity and innovation indices, such as the Global Innovation Index ( Dutta et al. 2012). In a Theory of Change framework, however, the causal relationships within the diagram are able to reveal both the negative and positive impacts of economic activity. ...
It is widely acknowledged that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is not a suitable measure of economic welfare, and many attempts have been made to develop more appropriate metrics. Such ‘beyond GDP’ measures show the benefits of taking a more diverse approach to measuring economic progress. However, they often lack a theoretical basis for deciding which welfare indicators to include in addition to, or instead of, GDP. This can lead to the problematic conflation of the inputs and outputs of economic processes. To address this issue, we propose a novel framework for indicator development: the ‘Theory of Change’ approach. ‘Theory of Change’ is a causal model in which the relationships between system inputs, activities, outputs and outcomes of the economy are explicitly articulated, and can be used to identify theoretically sound indicators for economic welfare. In this way the Theory of Change approach places emphasis on understanding both what economic welfare is valued by society, and how it is generated. This focus on understanding the relationships between the elements of the model can also help to identify levers for improving system outcomes. A further advantage of the approach is that it enables the assessment of more difficult to define and measure factors impacting on economic welfare. We illustrate and discuss these features in relation to the sharing and creative economies.
... Clear lines of authority and large differences with regards to structural benefits within the organisation may exist, but this, for our probed Northern German companies, also meant that lower ranking groups and employees within the organisation had self-direction and purpose within at least a small capacity. In a 2012 INSEAD study that probed pan-European variances in structural solutions for companies, Germany companies were characterised as having a high level of rules and procedures that are clearly defined, an expertise mentality and a tendency to create structures that define roles of employees that do not overlap (Dutta, 2012). As a result, silos of expert groups or individuals arise, each feeling high self-direction and purpose, even in centralised organisations. ...
... One notable exception to this exists: the argumentation pertaining to self-direction and Purpose may indeed be sample specific to Germany. We showed that self-direction and Purpose was observed in our sample of centralised and decentralised organisations and argued that German management styles, as described by Dutta (2012), where silos of expert groups or individuals arise that have clearly defined rules and procedures, allow for this to occur in centralised companies. We cannot claim that this argumentation is necessarily true for other management styles of other countries. ...
This pilot study examines the cultural conditions that support sustainable creative and innovative behaviour, what we term intrapreneurship, within organisations. The results, limited to mature organisations that operate in developed markets, reveal that especially the benefits of high interpersonal trust levels, that is, the extent to which colleagues quickly trust one another, positively influence intrapreneurship levels for several reasons. Further, cultures that promote high work refuge and a feeling of self-direction and purpose also demonstrated a strong positive link to intrapreneurship. Holistically, when all three cultural aspects are present, very high intrapreneurship scores were observed. This suggests that the management is prepared to accept some 'randomness' costs reducing efficiency in the immediate short run, for the benefit of potential upcoming acts of intrapreneurship in the long run. The study also examines some conventional cultural dimensions often connected with intrapreneurship. In this vein, it was found that high individualism and high decentralisation were not strongly linked with intrapreneurship. This provides depth to the popular perception that these cultural dimensions are synonymous with fostering creativity and innovative behaviour.
... The GII identi¯es innovation input and output. The Input sub-index is related to a favorable innovation environment and the output sub-index is the result of innovation [Dutta et al. (2012)]. ...
The protection of intellectual property rights is a mechanism of economic appropriation that seeks to reward innovative efforts. The intellectual property ecosystem structure is particular to each country, generating different investment stimuli during the innovation life cycle. Our objective is to assess the connection between intellectual property and innovation production. We estimate an unconditional panel quantile regression model using annual country data for the intellectual property (IPI) and innovation ecosystems. The pooling specification results show that the effect of intellectual property on innovation output is significant at higher quantiles. However, when controlling for time and individual fixed effects, the intellectual property ecosystem shows a positive effect at the left tail of the innovation output distribution. We also identify the predominance of non-significant effects of IPI on innovation production. The absence of a significant relationship between IPI and innovation output in more developed countries suggests that interaction between these ecosystems needs to be revised to generate better benefits.
... It should be noted that in Poland the global innovation index is higher than in Ukraine. This data is demonstrated on Figure 5. Source: [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [11] ...
Factors of innovative development of service sector enterprises in Poland and Ukraine
... Hasta el año 2011 las patentes otorgadas a innovaciones biotecnológicas en el mundo fue de 16,097 según la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI), siendo los principales países con gastos de Innovación y Desarrollo: Estados Unidos con 27,374, Francia con 2,790, Japón con 1,230, Alemania con 1,168 y Corea con 1,082 millones de dólares (Dutta, 2012). ...
La presente obra contiene información de gran relevancia sobre el género Jatropha, como punto de partida para el análisis del potencial de cultivo comercial, teniendo en cuenta que México es considerado como centro de origen y dispersión con un amplio acervo genético. La obra describe la diversidad genética y el papel de México en el contexto de las nuevas oportunidades que se presentan para esta especie, considerando que es la única región geográfica en la cual se han encontrado genotipos no tóxicos, lo que está estrechamente vinculado al proceso de domesticación llevado a cabo por culturas prehispánicas. Se presentan datos de los avances en el mejoramiento genético y métodos de producción, manejo de plagas y enfermedades para el cultivo de Jatropha curcas en México. Por otra parte, se hace también una descripción de los beneficios ambientales y principios de sostenibilidad que pueden ser alcanzados si se aprovecha el cultivo de manera integral, teniendo como objetivo su utilización como fuente de biomasa para la producción de bioetanol, biodiésel, biogás y bioturbosina. Además, se describen los resultados de los estudios de toxicidad, así como el potencial nutritivo de los subproductos de accesiones de J. curcas cultivadas en el noreste de la península de Yucatán. Ocho de las nueve accesiones evaluadas presentaron valores de toxicidad similares o menores a las evaluadas para semillas catalogadas como comestibles o no tóxicas provenientes del estado de Morelos, lo que genera muy buenas perspectivas para el aprovechamiento de la torta desgrasada que resulta de la extracción de aceite como materia prima. Por último, se presentan los protocolos de micropropagación, así como los aspectos más relevantes a tomar en cuenta para generar empresas basadas en el cultivo in vitro de Jatropha curcas, para la producción a gran escala de plantas élite mejoradas genéticamente. Con estas aportaciones, CIATEJ cumple con su misión institucional de contribuir al desarrollo sostenible de México y, en particular, de la región sureste.
... El Banco Mundial (2012) argumentó la relevancia de promover habilidades en las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en todas las áreas y que dichas habilidades deben de transferirse a las organizaciones a través de programas nacionales de tecnología. Asimismo, el Índice Mundial de Innovación refleja lo importante que es innovar, pues esto es un pilar de crecimiento económico (Dutta, 2012). La UNESCO (2009) indicó en la declaración de la "Conferencia Mundial sobre la Educación Superior" que se tiene como objetivo principal en la educación el aportar competencias que fortalezcan las exigencias mundiales actuales y próximas. ...
... Only from the 21 st century onwards did serious acceptance start of non-OECD countries being possible sources for innovation as well as execution, with the rise of terms like blowback innovation (Brown and Hagel III, 2005), reverse innovation (Immelt et al., 2009, Govindarajan and Trimble, 2012, Corsi, 2012, polycentric innovation (Radjou, 2009, Van Beers et al., 2013, jugaad innovation (Radjou et al., 2012), frugal innovation (Radjou and Prabhu, 2015), grassroots innovation (Gupta, 2003, Hossain, 2016, international innovation linkages between different types of companies (Benavente et al., 2012), bridgers within international companies (Washburn and Hunsaker, 2011) and many others (Agarwal et al., 2017). ...
The problem: Design challenges are becoming increasingly complex, amongst others because real life is getting more complex. Society is more interconnected than before and most problems occur in a variety of -quickly changing- shapes and forms, i.e. in different contexts. These contexts pose different requirements and often have interdependencies as well. How can design engineers respond to this rise in diversity of requirements and the likely interdependencies?
To reduce the complexity and increased diversity the common response is simplification, e.g., choosing one context as scope of the design task. In a highly interconnected society this no longer suffices. The initially optimal solution creates a path dependency and lock-in that delays or hinders achieving impact on a large scale beyond the initial context.
Research focus: The thesis focuses on the question what evolution in design engineering might be possible to address this problem. As a starting point, the oldest design characteristic, i.e. systematic variation, as pioneered by Leonardo da Vinci, is given a contemporary twist. It is suggested to be used before the design task is set in order to ensure multi-contextual perspectives of a large-scale issue. To provide further focus for this research, it revolves around an actual approach that does just that, called Context Variation by Design (CVD), and is mostly applied to basic quality-of-life issues. The research primarily has a design engineering angle, and additionally includes considerations and consequences for management and education. Evolution of design engineering alone, even with management considerations, cannot address the entire problem but might offer a contribution.
Research approach: This thesis represents exploratory, therefore inductive, research. The extensive literature research resulted in ten theoretically backed propositions as key component of the thesis. Out of 23 available real-life situations to choose from, mostly MSc-level graduation, course and group assignments, seven were selected based on direct access to rich, high quality information. These cases were analysed and the main results were expressed as empirical findings, in relation to the ten propositions, 41 in total. Furthermore, three key defined constructs had been identified to explore more in depth: context, richness in the design space and adaptive architectures.
Main results and conclusions: The analysis of the patterns of the empirical research reveals various signs that a design engineering approach that uses systematic variation before the design task is set, can deliver high quality, potentially superior results when dealing with large-scale (quality-of-life) issues. This was true in particular for cases where students executed full assignments, as opposed to short ones. Because the design result, i.e. an informed adaptive architecture, incorporated requirements from a variety of contexts, the additional effort to scale to these contexts is much smaller from a design engineering perspective. Such signs cannot be considered as (conclusive) evidence, and it was not the intention of this inductive thesis to deliver such results. More light has been shed on particular framings that might be conducive, and the specific interpretation of the key constructs, all resulting in a version 2.0 of CVD. The results can be elaborated upon in next steps.
Next steps: The main suggested next steps including ‘bite size’ titles: “Revelling in richness” (further explore richness as a defined construct in the design space), “Going for Gold” (engage in long term commitments and broader partnerships to investigate actual multi-contextual implementation), “C’est le ton qui fait la musique” (explicitly verify framings that resonate with managers and others) and “Leave no Leonardo behind” (explore how using a multi-contextual approach can be used in education to boost the aptitude of design engineers-to-be).
... sliku 56, na kojoj su posebno označene kritične tačke). Izvor: adaptirano prema Dutta (2012) Popeterostručiti patentnu aktivnost Globalno promatrano, BiH spada u skupinu zemalja svijeta s najnižim inovacionim kapacitetom. (Nair, 2008) Zbog niskih ulaganja u istraživanja i razvoj, niski su proizvodnja i rasijanje znanja (v. ...
U prvom dijelu studije govori se o glavnim defektima bh. ekonomije: 'nepostojećoj ruci', nezaposlenosti i neefikasnom javnom sektoru.
U tranziciji koja je zahvatila Istočnu Europu poslije pada Berlinskog zida došlo je do zamjene socijalističkog (bolje kazano, etatističkog) poretka kapitalističkim i u sklopu toga do zamjene komandne (etatističke) ekonomije tržišnom. ‘Vidljivu ruku’, tj. državu zamijenila je ‘nevidljiva ruka’, tj. tržište. No, ta tranzicija u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) nije tekla glatko kao primjerice u Čehoslovačkoj, nego ju je pratio tragičan raspad socijalističke Jugoslavije, koji je pogodio teže BiH nego ijednu drugu republiku bivše Jugoslavije.
Tijekom rata, poslijeratne obnove i tranzicije prestala je funkcionirati etatistička 'vidljiva ruka', dok kapitalistička ‘nevidljiva ruka’ nije profunkcionirala. U tom vakuumu, od poduzeća najbolje su se snašle ‘poduzeća-hijene’ i ‘poduzeća-vukovi.’ Kao posljedica toga, bh. društvo je postalo neradno zbog masovne neaktivnosti i nezaposlenosti.
Ključne makroekonomske neravnoteže u BiH rezultat su pogrešne privatizacije i neodmjerene vanjskotrgovinske liberalizacije. Taj uvozno orijentiran razvoj doveo je do slamanja materijalne proizvodnje, radnih mjesta i porezne baze. Nad majušnim privatnim sektorom, od kojega je u Europi manji samo bjeloruski, natkrilio se ogroman javni sektor, instrument prenosa javnih resursa u ruke etno-kartelnih obitelji.
U drugom dijelu studije objašnjava se zašto je BiH u 'zamci srednjeg dohotka'. Nigdje se u BiH to ne vidi bolje nego u Mostaru. U njemu se jasno vidi da funkcionira kao etnopolis, a ne kao entropolis. U Mostaru se također sasvim razgovijetno vidi posrnuće bh. industrije i najvećeg bh. izvoznika, Aluminija, zbog toga što zemlja nema industrijsku i energetsku politiku. Vidi se i to da je teško transformirati socijalističku industrijsku organizaciju u modernu, učeću i inovativnu postindustrijsku organizaciju.
Pošto BiH ne poduzima strukturne reforme, iz 'zamke srednjeg dohotka' može izići kao zemlja niskog dohotka, ako građani pristanu da im zemlja postane distopija. Zasad to ne pristaju na individualnoj osnovi, kao pojedinci ili kao pojedinačne firme, pa se razvija neopažena ekonomija (korupcija, kriminal i sl.) i rastače srednja klasa.
U trećem dijelu rada se govori o tome zašto je teško postojeći circulus vitiousus bh. ekonomije i društva pretvoriti u circulus virtuosis. Nema neophodnih agenta promjene kadrih potegnuti pitanje vitalnog racionalnog interesa. Stoga je globalni san: imati radno mjesto najteže na svijetu, ako se izuzmu neke zemlje iz pojasa Centralne Afrike, najteže ostvariti u 'mekom trbuhu' Zapadnog Balkana (BiH, Kosovo i Makedonija). Vitalan racionalni interes nalaže pojavu državnika koji će na dnevni red politike staviti znanje, obrazovanje, inovatorstvo i poduzetništvo kao ključne elemente reformi, bez kojih nije moguće osigurati visoku zaposlenost.
Na posljetku se daju ključni elementi programa koji mogu osigurati efektan razvoj bh. ekonomije. Niz je razloga što se taj razvoj ne može temeljiti na upravljanju tražnjom (počevši od institucionalnog ustrojstva pa nadalje) nego na upravljanju ponudom. Pri tome se ima u vidu postojeće gradove-regije i njihove lidere razvoje/lance vrijednosti oko kojih treba graditi istraživačko-razvojne i trening centre koji će pomoći učvršćivanju njihovih pozicija u globalnim nišama. Oko njih bi se, uz odgovarajući poticaj razvojne politike (počevši od lokalne/regionalne politike, pa naviše), grozdala mala i srednja poduzeća i tako stvarale izvozne snage bh. ekonomije.
... Despite overall laggardness in research and development, India has shown high growth and innovation capability in automobiles sector. The Indian auto-component sector has a distinct global competitive advantage in terms of cost and quality (Dutta, 2012). This hints to address the issue at the policy level so that the competitive advantage of the Indian auto-component industry can be made sustainable. ...
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify dimensions of competitiveness, factors affecting the competitiveness and building the framework of competitiveness for the Indian auto-component industry and further develop and validate a survey instrument based on the identified factors.
Design/methodology/approach
Dimensions of competitiveness and factors affecting it are extracted out after extensive literature review. A theoretical framework is developed using these factors. A survey instrument is developed based on the theoretical framework and validated through a pilot survey.
Findings
In total, 30 variables are found to be reliable in establishing the potential indicators of competitiveness. There are three significant contributions to the theory of competitiveness. It provides a theoretical framework of competitiveness to address the current market conditions of volatility. Second, it incorporates the dimensions like supply chain management, presence of global value chains and employee empowerment. Third, it clearly identifies the dimensions of competitiveness relevant in current context, like ethical behavior of firms, protection of intellectual property and innovation.
Practical implications
The proposed approach provides a good basis for assessing the competitive performance of the companies. This can help researchers and practitioners in deciding how to improve the competitiveness of a company.
Originality/value
The research proposes a theoretical framework for measuring the competitiveness of firms from a specific industry. This study indicates the factors affecting the competitiveness of Indian auto-component industry. The findings can be useful for both researchers and practitioners.
... The development of Research, Technological Development and Innovation activities (R&D&I) have become a priority for the government administration that designs public policy R&D&I, to understand that innovation represents the alternative to promoting the economic, social and sustainable development of a country. Benavente et al. (2012) consider it essential that government policies have an important role in A. Piñero Universidad Técnica de Manabi, Portoviejo, Ecuador e-mail: alexanderpinero12@gmail.com establishing a suitable environment for companies to improve their level and disposition to innovation. These initiatives have led to other studies such as Ben (2012), in the evolution of public policies oriented collaboration of interactive processes in R&D&I with a focus on Innovation System (IS). ...
With the analysis by researchers and institutions regarding experiences in designing public R&D&I policies, to strengthen the capacity of innovation in the industrial sector, international cooperation was possible to understand the difficulties and recommendations for linking and integrating SMIs with the other members of the Innovation System. With this information, four levels of implementation of public policy models in R&D&I are presented. Among the proposed alternatives level 4 is the one recommended since it presents the best model of integration, coordination and governmental evaluation in the design of public R&D&I policies.
... It is after Lebanon and Jordan (74th and 75th), but ahead of Morocco (78th), Egypt (100th) and Algeria (126th). It was ranked 78th in 2014, with a score of 32.94 (Dutta et al., 2014), 70th in 2013, with a score of 35.8 (Dutta and Lanvin, 2013), 59th in 2012 (Dutta, 2012), with a score of 36.5 and 66th in 2011 with a score of 33.89 (Dutta, 2011). ...
This paper proposes and experiments a framework for the evaluation of innovation capacity, in the context of Tunisian companies. A literature review of methodological frameworks for measuring innovation at the company level was carried out. Seven dimensions of innovation were identified, and additional three dimensions, considered potentially important in the context of Tunisian companies have been introduced (information and communication technologies (ICT), access to incentives and eco-innovation). A methodological innovation framework composed of 10 dimensions based on activities and leveraging best practices of innovation was proposed. Then, multi-criteria mathematical model was proposed in order in determine a composite index of innovation. Finally, a field study was carried out on Tunisian companies in order to experiment this model. Data were gathered from experts and companies thanks to interviews and online questionnaires. One key learning from this experiment is that the proposed method is useful for Tunisian companies and governmental stakeholders as a tool for strategic orientation and positioning regarding to the National Innovation System (NIS).
... In addition, the findings point to the need to consider differences in the underlying temporal dynamics in relation to different key aspects of creative thinking-fluency and originality-as these were associated with different patterns of findings. Bearing in mind that the capacity to be creative is vital to innovation in all spheres of human enterprise (Dutta 2012;Fogarty et al. 2015), quick and accessible strategies that could enable us to enhance our creative performance, even in the short term to overcome immediate impasses during creative idea generation would be very useful. However, in order to uncover stable and sound strategies to this end, it is vital to have the necessary checks and controls in place when evaluating the efficacy of training/induction activities. ...
Augmenting creative performance has the potential to benefit both the individual and our society. Several studies have evaluated the impact of different behavioral training or induction methods on creativity. However, the findings are mixed and sometimes contradictory. Four different short-term induction methods which differed along two information processing dimensions – modality and demand – were compared within a single experimental paradigm alongside a non-induction control condition to determine which was the most effective at improving creativity. A comparison on the experimental inductions revealed that low demand induction methods boosted creativity more than high demand induction methods. However, this pattern was not maintained when comparisons included the non-induction control. These findings provide insights on factors that need to be taken into account at the level of experimental design in order to be able to evaluate the efficacy of different induction and training methods on creativity.
... A number of independent variables are considered. Particularly, the innovative potential of nations is approximated through three different composite measures set forth by (i) the World Economic Forum (WEF, 2013), (ii) the European Institute of Business Administration-INSEAD(Dutta, 2012), and (iii) the European Business School(Lopez-Claros and Mata, 2011). This resulted in the following three different model specifications in our assessment.First, the World Economic Forum (WEF) measurement of macro-level innovation potential (part of the annual Global Competitiveness Report) is assessed through a composite measure examining the following parameters:Capacity for innovation (CAP) describing how companies in a country obtain technology; i.e. by exclusively from licensing or imitating foreign companies vs. by conducting formal research and pioneering their own new products and processes.Quality of scientific research institutions (RES_INST), indicating the quality of scientific research institutions in a country.Company spending on research and development(RD_SP), which examines the extent to which companies invest on R&D.University-industry collaboration in R&D (UNI_IND) examining the extent to which business and higher education institutions collaborate on R&D in a country.Government procurement of advanced technology products (GOV), that reveals whether government procurement decisions foster technological innovation in a country.Availability of scientists and engineers (SCI_ENG), indicating the availability of scientistsand engineers in a country.Finally, patent applications (PCT), which denotes the number of applications filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) per million population. ...
This study explores the link between macro (country-level) corporate social responsibility penetration and innovative capacity presenting new findings on the potential influence that various elements shaping innovation have on the endorsement of social responsibility among national business systems. Relying on cross-sectional data, a composite index for quantifying the proliferation of corporate social responsibility is employed and well-established innovation metrics are utilized. Findings do not contradict the preceding but limited evidence on corporate social responsibility practices considering innovation, nevertheless, the negative relationships found in our empirically supported and internally consistent proposed models merit supplementary consideration and examination. The paper offers new insights to innovation theorists and political economy researchers for more detailed investigations of critical drivers, such as innovation, which shape country-level corporate social responsibility specificities of and potentially encapsulate a critical parameter in the self-regulation agenda-setting of business entities. In these lines the study indicates that innovation, as moderator of corporate social responsibility adoption, has to be included in empirical models where measures of corporate social responsibility penetration and innovative potential are employed.
... Innovations are not recognized and properly supported (Fu et al. 2014). Source: Author's own study based on Dutta et al. (2011Dutta et al. ( , 2012Dutta et al. ( , 2014Dutta et al. ( , 2015, Dutta and Lanvin (2013) Source: Author's own study based on Dutta et al. (2015, pp. 44-48) According to the newest growth theories development of the country is mainly depended on innovation and human capital. ...
... El indice de innovación en Ecuador para el año 2016 es de 27,11, según el informe emitido por el world intellectual property organization WIPO [11], en el último año la innovación en Ecuador presenta un incremento. Subiendo 19 lugares en el ranking de innovación a nivel mundial. ...
La innovación en Ecuador permite el cambio de una economía extractivista a una economía del conocimiento, la Secretaría Nacional de Educación Superior Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (Senescyt), se encarga de evaluar el avance y proceso de la innovación en el País. Anualmente realiza una evaluación de las incubadoras o centros de emprendimientos impulsados por las universidades y en dos años ha nombrado al Centro Prendho apoyado por la Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL), como la mejor incubadora de empresas con mayor aporte al sistema de emprendimientos en el Ecuador. Sin embargo no existen estudios para identificar el tipo de innovación que presentan las empresas innovadoras tecnológicas que conforman la incubadora destacada. Desde esa perspectiva se plantea la investigación para aplicar el manual de Oslo en las empresas de Prendho. Obteniendo que los tipos de innovaciones que predominan son de producto y proceso y que los tipos de innovación en menor desarrollo son de mercadotecnia e innovación en organización.
... Moreover, although we used the sub-indexes of 'Business sophistication' as presented in GCI report, there are other aspects of innovation and business sophistication that weren't considered in this article. For instance, the sub-indexes of the global innovation index (Dutta, 2012) can be used to measure other aspects of innovation. Some of the sub-indexes in Ease of Doing Business report (The World Bank, 2013) can also be utilized for measuring business sophistication. ...
Economics of education - as a fascinating field of study which investigates economic issues related to education - presents a framework which leads to better schedules and policy-making. On the other hand, the concept of competitiveness has drawn increasing attention of both scholars and governors in the past decade. The World Economic Forum (WEF) has published Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) in order to measure national competitiveness. One of the pillars of GCI is ‘Higher Education and Training’. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interaction between the two sets of ‘Higher Education and Training’ and ‘Business sophistication’ both of which have been addressed by education economics and not been profoundly investigated. To achieve the research aims, a descriptive correlational study has been used. The study population is 144 countries whose GCI data were included in GCI 2014-2015 report. Moreover, a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has been employed to investigate the interaction between two sets of ‘Higher education and training’ and ‘Business sophistication’. The findings of the research revealed that a significant and positive relationship exists between the two sets and more than 77.85% of the changes in ‘Business sophistication’ can be predicted by the changes in ‘Higher education and training’. In ‘Higher education and training’ sub-indexes ‘Local availability of research and training services’, ‘Extent of staff training’, ‘Internet access in schools’, and ‘Quality of management schools’ had the highest effect in creating this relationship.
... low cost solutions) for customers with low purchasing power 14,15 . It is a concept that focuses on simplicity and frugality, whereas traditionally, innovation activities have been capital intensive, required large facilities and highly qualified personnel 16 . ...
There is no lack of prefixes for a term innovation in innovation discourse. Concepts of frugal innovation and reverse innovation have emerged recently and there are already several hallmark examples of them. However, extant academic literature on these concepts is still quite limited. The purpose of this article is to analytically study these concepts by investigating their in the innovation landscape. We present a conceptual framework that combines drivers behind these concepts. We also discuss future research avenues to enrich our understanding of these seemingly important topics.
... The adoption of ICT technologies plays a major role in the transition to a knowledge economy that is focused on the transformation of human knowledge in decision support systems that could generate economic value (Brown & Duguid, 2001;Gold, Malhotra, & Segars, 2001). This transition is ongoing at a global level and it is driving innovations from the ICT as a by-product of the so-called Information Age (Dutta, 2012). ...
Due to the rapid technologic change, we see the role of manufacturing workers continuously changing: the increasing automation of manufacturing processes has reduced the amount of manual work, whereas the increasing complexity of manufacturing systems requires workers to build-up broader and deeper skills. In this paper, the authors suggest a participative knowledge management approach to empower manufacturing workers. Starting from a comprehensive empirical analysis of the existing work practices in a manufacturing company, the authors have developed and validated a knowledge management system prototype. The prototype is aimed for training, problem solving, and facilitating the discovery, acquisition, and sharing of manufacturing knowledge. The conducted evaluation of the prototype indicates that workers' skills and level of work satisfaction will increase since the knowledge management system allows faster problem solving by finding better solutions for observed defects.
... digital camera with higher resolution and screen size), marketing managers will have greater strategic freedom of choosing form design (non-traditional or traditional form design) when they launch new products in the South Korean market. The global innovativeness index by Dutta (2012) demonstrates that South Korean people show relatively higher innovativeness level. The findings of this research demonstrates that when the marketing managers launch new high-tech. ...
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how consumers’ willingness to buy is influenced by two essential design elements: form and functional design. Form design refers to appearance and can be categorized as typical or non-typical. Function design relates to product features and can be the basis of whether a new product is perceived as a radically new product (RNP) vs an incrementally new product (INP). An interaction between form (typical vs non-typical) and function (RNP vs INP) was hypothesized and examined based on consumers’ knowledge of a product category and level of technological innovativeness.
Design/methodology/approach
Two between subject experiments were conducted in which two factors were manipulated (2×2 ANOVA): the degree of technological innovation (RNP vs INP) and form (more typical vs less typical).
Findings
Findings reveal that form design has a minimal impact on consumers’ evaluations of INPs, but less typical form design is preferred over typical form design for RNPs. Moreover, form design matters more to consumers who are technologically more innovative (vs less innovative) and more knowledgeable (vs less knowledgeable).
Practical implications
The managerial implications are multiple. Depending on the degree of the technological innovation, new design form can be strategically aligned to the function of a new product to increase perceived value – an effect observed among South Korean consumers that we anticipate will extend upon other cultures high in uncertainty avoidance.
Originality/value
This research will shed some light on an area of marketing that has been previously under-researched: form-based design in global innovation diffusion focusing on Asian countries and provide a more systematic approach to the empirical studies of form design issues in global marketing. This research extends the current design and innovation literature by examining the two dimensional types of design (visceral form and functionality) and potential moderators: degree of product innovation (RNP vs INP), consumer innovativeness, and consumer knowledge.
... Thus GII 2015 presents us with a rich dataset to identify and analyse global innovation trends. Over the last eight years, the GII has established itself as a leading reference on innovation (INSEAD 2007INSEAD , 2009INSEAD , 2010 Dutta 2011; Dutta 2012; Dutta and Lanvin 2013; Dutta 2014 Dutta , 2015). The Global Innovation Index relies on two sub-indices, the Innovation Input Sub-Index and the Innovation Output Sub-Index, each built around pillars. ...
When the world has been experienced the rapid technological developments, innovation have been playing a key role for countries which want to increase their economic growth and prosperity. The innovation potential of an economy influence to macroeconomic and microeconomic factors such as GDP/capita, R&D expenditures, international trade. Therefore, we want to examine the positions of innovation in Turkey and South Korea. There are some similarities in these countries to compare them in each other. In the 1980s, the per capita income in South Korea approximately equal to the per capita income in Turkey. The purpose of this paper was to examine innovation comparing Turkey and South Korea using Innovation Global Index reports between 2007 and 2015. The data source is the Global Innovation Index which is co-published by Cornell University, INSEAD, and The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO, an agency of the United Nations), by taking into consideration the time period 2007-2015. The results highlighted that Turkey should focus innovation more than before with regards to pillars.
... This also implies that you have to allow a certain flexibility in the partnerships that you use to develop innovations. It is no longer sufficient to make these " multidisciplinary " (e.g., Maurer and Ebers, 2006, or " open " (Chesbrough, 2003) nor to make use of " bridgers " (Washburn and Hunsaker, 2011) nor to merely recognise the need to engage in innovation linkages with different types of companies (Dutta, 2012). Rather, organizations need to build on the notions that even if relevant knowledge resides outside their own organization, one can still access it without fully insourcing it (Pagano, 2009; Hagel III and Seely Brown, 2006), or that the most interesting information could reside in remote nodes rather than in central ones (Sunstein and Hastie, 2014). ...
Despite substantial advances over the past decades, measuring innovation and innovativeness remains a challenge for both academic researchers and management practitioners. To address several key concerns with current indicators—such as their specialization and consequent one-sidedness, their frequent lack of theoretical foundations, and the fact that they may not really foster creativity and invention—this paper introduces some new metrics via one data-mining approach—formal concept analysis—which is increasingly used to represent and treat knowledge. This approach can adapt to particular needs and goals, incorporate various kinds of information (qualitative or quantitative) from different sources, and cope with several types of innovations. It also uncovers a logical route to novelty, which might enhance the generation of ideas and is used here to support the measurement of innovativeness.
Der internationale Handel hat seit der Industrialisierung eine rasante Transformation erfahren. Ursprünglich geprägt durch den Austausch mit Endprodukten spielt heutzuta-ge der Handel auf Wertschöpfungsbasis zunehmend eine wichtige Rolle. Diese Handels-form impliziert die Partizipation mehrerer Länder an der Herstellung eines Gutes. Die Produktion findet somit nicht mehr zwingend in einem Land statt. Vielmehr ist der Pro-duktionsprozess zum Ausdruck globaler Verflechtungen geworden. Möglich wird dies unter anderem durch Lohnunterschiede, sinkende Transportkosten und verbesserte In-formations- und Kommunikationstechnologien, die sowohl die Vielfalt an mobilen Ar-beitsschritten als auch das Volumen bereits gehandelter Leistungen erhöhen. Im Rahmen der Arbeit wird gezeigt, inwiefern die Wertschöpfungskette deutscher Unternehmen durch in Indien und Vietnam erbrachte Leistungen vervollständigt wird und welche Konsequenzen dadurch für die Welthandelsordnung entstehen.
This research aims to determine the relationship between entrepreneurship, intellectual property and innovation ecosystems at a global level. To assess the structural relationships between ecosystems, the unconditional quantile regressions using annual country data are estimated from two perspectives, namely: pooled data and data with fixed effects and time control. The Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI), the US Chamber International IP Index (IPI) and the Global Innovation Index (GII) are used as a proxy for the entrepreneurship, intellectual property and innovation ecosystem, respectively. The results indicate that the entrepreneurship and intellectual property ecosystems has a causal relationship with the global innovation ecosystem. However, when control of individual and fixed time effects is included, the relationship between ecosystems is confirmed in just a few quantiles. The sterile results require efforts from public, private and other agents to improve the performance of ecosystems, especially to increase the generation of innovative assets. This study looks at ecosystems from a different perspective, and the results are relevant to policymakers looking to improve the ecosystems of entrepreneurship, intellectual property and innovation. The originality of this article lies in bringing together issues that are generally dealt with in theoretical and empirical literature in separate domains. The study of the relationship between ecosystems from global indexes remains a little explored field, despite the various alternative approaches already investigated.
The concept of innovation is of great importance not only for businesses and other organizations, but also for countries. Because innovation concept has multiple network structure with science, art, technology, health and social dimensions, innovation can provide countries to develop and change according to the situation. The innovation performance of countries should be evaluated not only with the global innovation index values of the countries, but also with the innovation effectiveness, efficiency and productivity performances of the countries. Because it is important to provide optimal innovation performance within the framework of cost analysis in the relationships between innovation inputs and outputs. In this context, the primary purpose of the research is to determine the importance levels (weighting coefficients) of the components that make up the global innovation input and output subdirectories according to the European Union countries. The other aims of the research is to determine the innovation effectiveness, efficiency and productivity performance values of the European Union countries. Based on the findings, it has been determined that the most important innovation component according to the countries is the creative output. Again, according to the findings, the three countries with the highest innovation effectiveness are Sweden, the Netherlands and the UK, the three countries with the highest innovation efficiency are Slovekya, Hungary and Luxembourg, and the three with the highest innovation productivity are Greece, Austria and Portugal. The research found that the rankings of innovation effectiveness, efficiency and productivity performance values of most countries are not consistent with each other. Therefore, this shows that the concepts of innovation effectiveness, effectiveness and productivity differ from each other.
Innovation infrastructure is one of the key elements of a national innovation system, but the very creation of the innovation infrastructure does not guarantee a “boom” in innovations. Although the innovation infrastructure has been legislatively and physically shaped in Kazakhstan, most recent figures show that the innovation performance in the economy falls short of the expectations. Based on a legislative framework, this chapter introduces the concept of innovation infrastructure in Kazakhstan and elaborates on its elements and the way they interact with each other. In addition, supported by the previous studies, it attempts to measure the effectiveness of existing innovation infrastructure. The results of the study reveal that the innovation infrastructure of Kazakhstan is not effective. The ineffectiveness is primarily caused by an inadequate innovation policy which results in scanty linkages between the elements of infrastructure, in particular, between education institutions and industry. Kazakhstan’s experience might prove useful to other countries which are in the process of building innovation infrastructures.
There are deep flaws in this view of globalization. The chief one is that established fact and known economic patterns don’t support skepticism about the benefits of trade and cross border investment. While open economies always are subject to new competition and structural changes that affects firms and jobs, the flip side of the coin is that the same economic processes create a lot of new jobs and business opportunities, and ultimately improve the living standards. Moreover, the new jobs that are created tend to be better rewarded and come with better working conditions. New output is often greener and thrives on new technology, leading to positive change also outside the economy.
This book will take a thorough view about the impact of globalization on the economy of Brazil and how it began and where it arrived. Economy of Brazil is the world's sixth largest economy by nominal GDP and eighth largest by purchasing power parity. The Brazilian economy is characterized by a mixed economy that relies on import substitution to achieve economic growth. Brazil has an estimated US$21.8 trillion worth of natural resources which includes vast amounts of gold, uranium, iron, and timber.
Este artículo tiene como propósito examinar el desempeño financiero de veintiún empresas del sector real consideradas como las más innovadoras de Colombia al 2016. Para ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo de los indicadores contables de apalancamiento financiero total, rotación de activos operacionales, margen de utilidad neta y rendimiento del patrimonio, además de los indicadores financieros de valor económico agregado y valor de mercado agregado durante el período de 2012 al 2016. Los resultados evidencian que, de las veintiún empresas estudiadas, veinte generan un rendimiento sobre el patrimonio positivo, nueve empresas generan un valor de mercado agregado positivo y solo cuatro generan un valor económico agregado positivo cada año. Igualmente se estudian los efectos que tienen el activo neto operacional, el costo de capital y la utilidad operacional antes de impuestos para la generación de valor económico agregado en la muestra de empresas.
Makerere University started in 1922 as a humble technical school enrolling 14 day students of Carpentry, Building and Mechanics. Nine decades later, the University has made giant strides-enrolling over 35,000 students in over 145 study programmes hosted by nine colleges spread across various campuses. As one of the first higher education institutions in East and Central Africa, the university has had to contend with a multiplicity of issues, including relevance, curricula reform, community engagement and graduate employability; access, equity, massification and quality assurance; national politics, regulation, institutional autonomy and academic freedom; funding and financial management; student politics and activism; staff unionisation, management and brain drain; physical resources expansion, utilisation and maintenance; liberalisation, privatisation, commercialisation and internationalisation; Information and Communication Technology (ICT); and institutional leadership and integrity. Today, the University stands out proudly as a hallmark of innovation and excellence in teaching, research and community engagement, notwithstanding the challenges it has experienced over the years. As it celebrates 90 years, the higher education scholarly and policy fraternity take the opportunity to honour and continue the University’s tradition of scholarship and innovation - through contributing ideas for dealing with some of the challenges that the University and similar institutions are contending with. Although studies of Makerere University have been included, it must be understood that this book is not necessarily about the University. Additional studies have been drawn from Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania and other institutions in Uganda.
Over the past few decades, India has made a remarkable progress in many areas of
growth, development and in improving the lives of its citizens. There is an increasing
recognition that improving Indian women’s participation in the workforce can assist this
process greatly. A recent report by the World Bank identifies improving access to economic
opportunities for women as one of the key priority areas for development. The statistics very clearly indicate the need for empowering women in India with financial and life skills,
enabling them to earn a livelihood and help in improving the lives of their family and the
community they live in. For over a decade now, the micro-finance industry has been the
poster child of financial inclusion in India. From being tiny non-profits at the start of the
millennium, micro-finance institutions have built up a base of 26 million clients and $2.6
billion in loan outstanding currently, taking the benefit of credit to some of the country's most isolated communities untouched by four decades of nationalized banking. The sector is the new stock market preference and billions of dollars are waiting to tap into this seemingly unlimited potential. Similarly, the role of micro-finance in mitigating poverty, facilitating women empowerment and above all as a tool for financial inclusion has been proved beyond doubt. The international, national and regional experiences show testimony to the correlation between micro-finance and development. Women's lack of economic empowerment not only impedes growth and poverty reduction, but also negatively impacts education and health outcomes for children. Thus, it is extremely important to ensure that women are economically empowered. Financial inclusion may be defined as the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit - where needed by vulnerable groups, such as women - at an affordable cost. The objective to meet the empowerment of women is to provide financial needs of the women by linking SHGs with the formal credit agencies in order to gain good access to education, services, resources and employment opportunities.
Abstract: The analysis and monitoring of innovation indicators is interesting because it shows that among the factors considered innovation promoters, knowledge proves to be a preponderant element; moreover, its presence is observed in the set of variables that integrate innovation indicators. The objective is to present indicators of innovation, its relationship with activities and processes of information and knowledge management, and the results obtained by Brazil in the measurement of indicators. In this context, the methodology consisted in presenting the scores of innovation indicators obtained by Brazil, through the comparative analysis with the scores of indicators of other countries of the same economic level. In view of the above, the present work addresses the origin and relevance of innovation indicators and presents the Global Innovation Index, which collects data and measures the innovative activity of a significant number of other nations. Next, an analysis of the results obtained in the Global Index of Innovation by Brazil is presented, making comparisons with related nations. As a result, knowledge is ratified as a basis element in innovative processes and, as consequence, information and knowledge management processes focus on the results of innovation indicators. It is suggested that the analysis of the scores resulting from the measurement of innovation indicators, subsidize future planning and development of actions to achieve better results in the indicators.
Resumo: A análise e o monitoramento de indicadores de inovação se revela interessante porquanto propicia constatar que dentre os fatores considerados promotores de inovação, o conhecimento se revela como elemento preponderante, além disso, sua presença é observada no conjunto de variáveis que compõem indicadores de inovação. O objetivo consiste em apresentar indicadores de inovação, sua relação com atividades e processos de gestão da informação e do conhecimento e os resultados obtidos pelo Brasil na mensuração dos indicadores. Nesse contexto, a metodologia consistiu em apresentar as pontuações de indicadores de inovação obtidas pelo Brasil, por meio da análise comparativa com as pontuações de indicadores de outros países de mesmo nível econômico. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho aborda a origem e pertinência dos indicadores de inovação e apresenta o Índice Global de Inovação que coleta dados e mensura a atividade inovativa de um significativo número de nações. Em seguida, apresenta-se uma análise dos resultados obtidos no Índice Global de Inovação pelo Brasil, realizando comparações com outras nações. Como resultado, se ratifica o conhecimento como elemento subsidiador em processos inovativos e, por consequência, os processos de gestão da informação e do conhecimento incidem nos resultados de indicadores de inovação. Sugere-se que a análise das pontuações resultantes da mensuração dos indicadores de inovação, subsidie planejamentos e desenvolvimentos de ações futuras no sentido de buscar melhores resultados nos indicadores mensurados, que resultarão em organizações, regiões e nações mais inovadoras.
This article investigates the dependence of Czech exports on German GDP using panel co-integration analysis and a panel Granger causality test for annual data, 1995-2013 (17 years) for 35 commodity / industry groups, with 595 observations in total. The paper does not find a co-integration relationship between the Czech exports and German output (product), although it does find similarities between changes in Czech exports and German domestic and export demand. Czech goods and services tend to be used more in German exports than in domestic consumption; however, the relationship remains straight-forward in most cases.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.