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A Note on Genus Dracontia (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), with a New Species

Authors:
A. P. Karremans at University of Costa Rica
A. P. Karremans
Chris M. Smith-Martin at Columbia University
Chris M. Smith-Martin
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Abstract and Figures

A new species, Dracontia hydra, is illustrated and described from Costa Rica. Dracontia dracontea is characterized and illustrated, discussion is given on its taxonomical status, while Dracontia perennis is added to its synonymy.
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Content uploaded by A. P. Karremans
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by A. P. Karremans
Content may be subject to copyright.


     
       
      
    
        
      


    

       
       
    

Dracontia hydra    
     
      




       
       

     
    

      

       
     
      

 
    
     
     
       
       

  
      

    
     
     
        
      


      
    
     

    




AdAm P. KArremAns
1-3
And ChristinA m. smith
1
Abstract.


Keywords:


              










  
Figure 1ABCD
E       F G 




      
      




Additional specimens examined: 

       
     


      
       
 
 
     
       
     
     
     
      


 


    



 

Additional Records:  .
 


Distribution and ecology:   

  
      
      
     

Etymology:
     
       

     
    

     


 
       
     
     
       
     
       

    


Dracontia dracontea   

   





Etymology:    
      

   
synnov
    


  


      

Etymology:    
     

Additional specimens examined: 
       

      


        
    

      
  
      
     
    
  
  
Figure 2    AB  C   D   
  E   F    G      

  

    
     



      

     
     
      
    
 
Distribution and Ecology:  


      
     
       

    
      
   
     
     
    
     
      
      
    

       

    
      


       


     



    




      

LiterAture Cited
KArremAns,      
   
     
   
   


     

Luer,     
     
    
   
   

    

      


Pridgeon,   And   ChAse 
   

 
soLAno And   ChAse 
   
    


... The highest species diversity is found in Costa Rica and Panama. Taking the two described here into consideration, there are 25 species that can currently be ascribed to this group, twenty of them are known to grow in Costa Rica (Luer 1986, Karremans 2011, 2012, Karremans & Smith 2012, a key for all species was provided by Karremans & Bogarín (2013). Karremans Plant epiphytic, caespitose, erect, up to 26 cm tall. ...
Novelties in Costa Rican Stelis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae): Two new species and a new record in the “Dracontia Group”
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2017
Stelis dies-natalis y Stelis aenigma, pertenecientes a un grupo de especies en su mayoría Centroamericanas colocadas alternativamente en el género Dracontia, son descritas e ilustradas basadas en material vivo. Ambas se encontraron en robledales de altura en diferentes picos de la Cordillera de Talamanca en Costa Rica. La primera, S. dies-natalis, se encontró en los Cerros Buena Vista y Urán, es similar a S. hydra pero se puede distinguir por la inflorescencia relativamente corta, las flores morado oscuro con un labelo amarillo cubierto por verrugas morado oscuro, los pétalos apiculados y el labelo con un apículo brevemente acuminado. La segunda, S. aenigma, que se pensaba inicialmente que se trataría un segundo espécimen de S. dies-natalis cuando se colectó en el Cerro Utyum, pero se puede distinguir fácilmente por las inflorescencias con pocas flores que apenas supera el tamaño de la hoja, las flores rojizas, el labelo sigmoideo y la antera obtusa y cuculada. Stelis platystylis, una especie previamente conocida de México a Nicaragua, es ilustraba basada en material vivo de Costa Rica.
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... Dracontia perennis (Luer) Luer, a species described from Costa Rica, was distinguished from D. dracontea on the basis of its successively single-flowered inflorescence; however, there are several species of Dracontia that initially produce a several flowered inflorescence with a few open flowers at once, and then becomes successively single-flowered, D. dracontea is one of them. Karremans and Smith (2012) provided evidence that the name D. perennis was based on a successively single-flowered specimen of D. dracontea; the former is therefore a synonym of the latter. Dracontia carnosilabia (Heller & Hawkes) Luer was cited by Pupulin (2002) but it was excluded from the Costa Rican flora by Luer (2003). ...
Three New Species of Dracontia (Pleurothallidinae, Orchidaceae) from Costa Rica
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2013
Three new species of Dracontia are described and illustrated from Costa Rica and comparisons with close relatives are made. A short discussion for the preference of describing them in Dracontia instead of Stelis is given. The three species are afterwards described: Dracontia montis-mortense, a species with a unique whitish lip with three purple stripes, which is found along the Pan-American Highway on the Cerro de la Muerte, and has been confused with Dracontia dracontea; Dracontia pileata, recognized by its hat-like dorsal sepal, and Dracontia viridi-flava, recognized by its all green-yellow flowers and erose lip. The latter species are both native to the south-Pacific watershed of the Talamanca Cordillera and closely related to Dracontia conochila and Dracontia hydra. A key to the Costa Rican species of Dracontia is given, accompanied by a discussion of the included species.
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... The two contradicting taxonomic systems, i.e., the fine generic splitting proposed by Luer based mostly on morphological grounds, and the more conservative approach proposed by on the basis of molecular data, are still debated. Although the concept of Stelis in a broad sense is more commonly accepted (Govaerts et al. 2011;Hágsater and Soto 2003;Pridgeon 2005;Pupulin 2002;Solano-Gómez and Salazar 2007), the narrow circumscription has also been used (Dressler and Bogarín 2007;Duque 2008;Karremans 2011Karremans , 2012Karremans & Smith 2012;Luer 2009Luer , 2011Miller et al. 2011). ...
Phylogenetics of Stelis and closely related genera (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae)
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2013
Stelis, one of the largest genera within Pleuro- thallidinae, was recently recircumscribed to include a few hundred more species, most of which had previously been assigned to Pleurothallis. Here, a new phylogenetic anal- ysis of Stelis and closely related genera based on DNA sequences from nuclear ITS and chloroplast matK, based on a much larger sample, is presented; it includes more than 100 species assigned to Stelis and covers all proposed groupings within the genus, many of which have not pre- viously been represented. Clades are proposed to enable easier discussion of groups of closely related species; eachclade is characterized morphologically, ecologically, and geographically to explain the evidence found in the molecular analysis. Discussion of the evolutionary trends of character states found in the genus in its broad sense is given. The current taxonomy of the group is given and the possible taxonomical implications of the findings presented here are discussed.
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Mexican Vascular Epiphytes
Book
  • May 2021
The first complete checklist of the Mexican vascular epiphytes is presented, accompanied by data relating to its geographical distribution by state, elevational range, endemism, life form and type of vegetation in which each species can be found. Based on the review of herbarium specimens and specialized literature, as well as in the collection of botanical material in several regions of the country, we determined that the vascular epiphytes of Mexico are integrated by 24 orders, 37 families, 253 genera, and 1,813 species, of which 583 are endemic to the country. The families with the highest specific richness are Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Polypodiaceae, and Piperaceae, while the genera with the highest number of taxa are Tillandsia, Epidendrum, and Peperomia. Only one gymnosperm, Ceratozamia tenuis, was registered as epiphyte. The types of vegetation that harbor the greatest richness are the cloud forest with 1,079 species and the Quercus forest with 837. One hundred eighty-six species are found in some category of the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 Resumen Se presenta el primer catálogo completo de las epífitas vasculares de México, acompañado de datos relativos a su distribución geográfica por estado, intervalo altitudinal, endemismo, forma de vida y tipo de vegetación en el que prospera cada una de las especies. Con base en la revisión de ejemplares de herbario y de la literatura especializada, así como en la recolección de material botánico en diversas regiones del país, determinamos que las epífitas vasculares de México están representadas por 24 órdenes, 37 familias, 253 géneros y 1,813 especies, de las cuales 583 son endémicas al país. Las familias con mayor riqueza específica son Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Polypodiaceae y Piperaceae, en tanto que los géneros con mayor número de taxa son Tillandsia, Epidendrum y Peperomia. Solamente una gimnosperma, Ceratozamia tenuis, se registró como epífita. Los tipos de vegetación que albergan la mayor riqueza son el bosque mesófilo de montaña con 1,079 especies y el bosque de Quercus con 837. Ciento ochenta y seis especies se encuentran en alguna categoría de la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. Palabras clave: Angiospermas, Angiospermas basales, bosque mesófilo de montaña, endemismo, Eudicotiledóneas, Gimnospermas, Helechos, Licofitas, Monocotiledóneas.
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Nomenclatural notes in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae): Stelis
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2015
Nomenclatural changes are made in order to place within Stelis a series of species that belong to it in the sense of Genera Orchidacearum, and without previous available names in that genus. New species, names and combinations are proposed, a short discussion for the reasoning is given.
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New Species and Records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica. II.
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2012
After the publication of the most recent and comprehensive treatment of the Orchidaceae in the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, new species continue being discovered in the country on a regular basis. Novelties in Acianthera, Epidendrum, Lepanthes, Masdevallia, Pleurothallis, and Specklinia are discussed. We present eight new records including the reconsideration of Epidendrum concavilabium (as different from E. circinatum), and the first record of the genus Epistephium (E. ellipticum) for the country. Three new taxa, Epidendrum alieniferum, Epidendrum × sandiorum (a putative natural hybrid between E. oerstedii and E. ciliare) and Lepanthes kabebatae are described.
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Phylogenetic Relationships in Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae): Combined Evidence from Nuclear and Plastid DNA Sequences
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2001
To evaluate the monophyly of subtribe Pleurothallidinae (Epidendreae: Orchidaceae) and the component genera and to reveal evolutionary relationships and trends, we sequenced the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S gene for 185 taxa. In addition, to improve the overall assessments along the spine of the topology, we added plastid sequences from matK, the trnL intron, and the trnL-F intergenic spacer for a representative subset of those taxa in the ITS study. All results were highly congruent, and so we then combined the sequence data from all three data sets in a separate analysis of 58 representative taxa. There is strong support in most analyses for the monophyly of Pleurothallidinae and in some for inclusion of Dilomilis and Neocognauxia of Laeliinae. Although most genera in the nine clades identified in the analyses are monophyletic, all data sets are highly congruent in revealing the polyphyly of Pleurothallis and its constitutent subgenera as presently understood. The high degree of homoplasy in morphological characters, especially floral characters, limits their usefulness in phylogenetic reconstruction of the subtribe.
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MSc Thesis, Plant Sciences Group and Biosystematics Group
  • Cordilleras
Cordilleras. MSc Thesis, Plant Sciences Group and Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University.
Truncatae, sect. Pleurothallis, subsect. Acroniae, subsect. Pleurothallis, subgen. Dracontia, subgen. Unciferia (orchidaceae)
  • Sect Abortivae
Abortivae, sect. Truncatae, sect. Pleurothallis, subsect. Acroniae, subsect. Pleurothallis, subgen. Dracontia, subgen. Unciferia (orchidaceae).
A phylogenetic reclassification of Pleurothallidinae (orchidaceae)
  • Jan 2001
  • 235-271
  • Monogr
  • Syst
  • Missouri Bot
  • Bot
  • Gard
Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 257. Pridgeon, A. M. And M. W. ChAse. 2001. A phylogenetic reclassification of Pleurothallidinae (orchidaceae). Lindleyana 16(4): 235–271.
Phylogenetics of Stelis (orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) and closely related genera, based on molecular data, morphological characteristics and geographical distribution in the Central American and Andean Cordilleras
  • Jan 2010
  • 560-566
  • A P Karremans
KArremAns, A. P. 2010. Phylogenetics of Stelis (orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) and closely related genera, based on molecular data, morphological characteristics and geographical distribution in the Central American and Andean Cordilleras. MSc Thesis, Plant Sciences Group and Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University.-. 2011. Dracontia, the little-known dragon orchids. orchids 80(9): 560-566.