Content uploaded by Dennis E Desjardin
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Dennis E Desjardin on Mar 20, 2014
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Cryptomarasmius gen. nov. established in the Physalacriaceae to accommodate members of Marasmius section Hygrometrici
Abstract
Phylogenetic placement of the infrageneric section Hygrometrici (genus Marasmius sensu stricto) in prior molecular phylogenetic studies have been unresolved and problematical. Molecular analyses based on newly generated ribosomal nuc-LSU and 5.8S sequences resolve members of section Hygrometrici to the family Physalacriaceae. The new genus Cryptomarasmius is proposed to accommodate members of Marasmius section Hygrometrici. Fourteen species belonging to section Hygrometrici whose available type specimens bear morphological features corresponding to the new genus are formally combined in Cryptomarasmius. Taxonomic transfers are made only for taxa in which type specimens have been studied and/or representative material sequenced. Although other species placed in section Hygrometrici may belong in Cryptomarasmius, further transfers are not proposed until additional studies on type material are conducted.
... Cryptomarasmius T.S. Jenkinson & Desjardin is an agaricoid fungal genus in the family Physalacriaceae. It was first proposed by Thomas S. Jenkinson & Dennis E. Desjardin (Jenkinson et al., 2014). All the members of the genus were previously placed in Marasmius Fr., section Hygrometrici characterized by a smaller pileus that is wellpigmented and broom cells mostly of the Rotalis-type or often in a combination with smooth cells, free to adnate attachment of lamellae, absence of collarium, a central and insititious stipe, usually presence of pleuro-and cheilocystidia, neither amyloid or dextrinoid nature of the pileus, lamellae or stipe trama, and medium-sized basidiospores (Singer, 1976;Dutta and Acharya, 2018). ...
... Pleurocystidia 17-30 × 4-8 μm fusiform, ventricose or lageniform, smooth (Fig 2f). Cryptomarasmius minutus was reported to grow on fallen or decaying leaves of various deciduous trees such as Populus L., Salix L., Fraxinus L., Ulmus L., Acer L., Syringa L, especially of Populus and Salix spp. in damp, shady places (Gilliam, 1976;Breitenbach and Kränzlin, 1991;Antonin and Noordeloos, 2010;Jenkinson et al., 2014). ...
... Cryptomarasmius minutus was presented as a new member of the genus Cryptomarasmius in Turkey. In general, macro and micromorphology are in agreement with those given in literature (Gilliam, 1976;Breitenbach and Kränzlin, 1991;Antonin and Noordeloos, 2010;Jenkinson et al., 2014). ...
Cryptomarasmius minutus (Peck) T.S. Jenkinson & Desjardin, is given as new record for the mycobiota of Turkey with a short description and figures related to its macro and micromorphology. This species is the second member of the genus Cryptomarasmius T.S. Jenkinson & Desjardin in Turkey and characterized by small, red-brown pileus, distant, often reduced lamellae, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid basidiospores, and the presence of pileocystidia, dimorphic cheilocystidia, pleurocystidia, and caulocystidia.
... In the laboratory, the bleached litter was identified to plant species or genus visually under a binocular microscope (40 × ). Sporocarps were observed macro-morphologically under a binocular microscope after Imazeki et al. (2011). ...
... Cryptomarasmius is formerly known as Marasmius sect. Hygrometrici (Jenkinson et al., 2013). Five fungal OTUs in Hypoderma, Lophodermium, Xylaria, Gymnopus, and Mycena were found in the present study both as isolated mycelia and as sporocarps, implying their vegetative growth and reproduction on leaf litter to complete their life cycle. ...
Fungi that selectively remove lignin cause extensive bleaching of leaf litter, which results in the acceleration of litter decomposition. The taxonomic diversity and host recurrence of saprotrophic fungi associated with bleached leaf litter were investigated in a subtropical forest in southern Japan. A total of 211 fungal isolates and sporocarps were obtained from bleached portions of leaf litter of 33 plant species in 18 families and were classified into 83 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the 97% similarity level of the ITS rDNA sequence. These fungal OTUs belonged to Rhytismataceae and Xylariaceae in the Ascomycota, and Marasmiaceae, Mycenaceae, Lachnocladiaceae, and Physalacriaceae in the Basidiomycota. OTUs in Rhytismataceae and Marasmiaceae showed a significantly higher degree of recurrence for plant species than simulated networks where partners were associated randomly. In contrast, OTUs in Xylariaceae and Mycenaceae showed no significant recurrence for plant species. Such differing degrees of recurrence for plant species implied different roles of fungal families in leaf litter decomposition.
... Wilson & Desjardin (2005) restricted the genus to members of sections Sicci (Singer 1958:106), Globulares (Kühner 1933: 100), Marasmius, Neosessiles (Singer 1958:104), Leveilleani (Singer 1964:362) and Hygrometrici (Kühner 1933:95). Jenkinson et al. (2014) has recently raised the sect. Hygrometrici to a separate genus Cryptomarasmius. ...
Marasmius margallensis sp. nov. of sect. Sicci from Margalla hills, Islamabad, Pakistan, is described and illustrated, based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses. The taxon is characterized by a pale yellow to dull orange pileus with light gray margins, clavate to narrowly fusiform basidiospores, rather short pleurocystidia and hymeniderm pileipellis with Siccus-type broom-cells. Marasmius pulcherripes is closest relative of the newly described species M. margallensis in sect. Sicci in phylogenetic analyses but the later one is distinct by macro-, and micro-morphological features and molecular data.
... The corticioid genus Cylindrobasidium Jülich, belonging to the family Physalacriaceae and the order Agaricales (Jenkinson et al. 2014;Floudas et al. 2015), was established by Jülich (1974) based on Cylindrobasidium laeve (Pers.) Chamuris (= C. evolvens (Fr.) ...
Species of the corticioid genus Cylindrobasidium are saprophytes or parasites in forest ecosystems. This study presents three new species of Cylindrobasidium from East Asia, according to study of morphological characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data inferred from nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) region and nuc 28S rDNA (28S). Cylindrobasidium bifidum has smooth hymenophore, subicular cystidia with bifurcate apex, fusiform hymenial cystidia, and pyriform basidiospores. Cylindrobasidium macrosporum is characterized by having smooth to tuber-culate hymenophore, presence of guttulate, subicular cystidia with bifurcate apex, presence of guttulate, cylindrical hymenial cystidia with narrow apices, and large, guttulate, fusiform basidiospores. Cylindrobasidium sublaeve has effused to effused-reflexed basidiomata with smooth hymenophore, subfusiform or cylindrical hymenial cystidia, and pyriform basidiospores. A key to species of Cylindrobasidium is provided.
... Photographs related to microscopic structures were obtained under Nikon eclipse Ci trinocular light microscope by DS-Fi2 digital camera. Identification was performed with the help of Breitenbach and Kränzlin (1986;1991), Siepe (1991), Dâmon (2001), Piatek and Bujakiewicz (2004), Albuquerque et al. (2007), Dam and Boomsluiter (2009), Antonin and Noordeloos (2010), Friebes (2010), Derboven et al. (2012) and Jenkinson et al. (2014). Specimens are kept at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Kamil Özdağ Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Karaman, Turkey. ...
Six members of Agaricales, Chromocyphella muscicola (Fr.) Donk (Chromocyphellaceae), Crepidotus pallidus (Berk. & Broome) Knudsen (Inocybaceae), Mycena meliigena (Berk. & Cooke) Sacc. (Mycenaceae), Lachnella villosa (Pers.) Donk (Niaceae), Cryptomarasmius corbariensis (Roum.) T.S. Jenkinson & Desjardin (Physalacriaceae) and Typhula setipes (Grev.) Berthier (Typhulaceae) are recorded for the first time from Turkey. The taxa are described briefly and photographs related to macro and micromorphologies are given.--Türkiye Agaricales'lerine yeni ilaveler Özet Altı Agaricales üyesi, Chromocyphella muscicola (Fr.) Donk (Chromocyphellaceae), Crepidotus pallidus (Berk. & Broome) Knudsen (Inocybaceae), Mycena meliigena (Berk. & Cooke) Sacc. (Mycenaceae), Lachnella villosa (Pers.) Donk (Niaceae), Cryptomarasmius corbariensis (Roum.) T.S. Jenkinson & Desjardin (Physalacriaceae) and Typhula setipes (Grev.) Berthier (Typhulaceae) Türkiye'den ilk kez kaydedilmiştir. Taksonlar kısaca betimlenmiş ve makro ve mikro morfolojilerine ilişkin fotoğrafları verilmiştir.
... Singer (1986) divided Marasmius into 12 sections: Androsacei, Alliacei, Epiphylli, Fusicystides, Globulares, Hygrometrici, Inaequales, Leveilleani, Marasmius, Neosessiles, Scotophysini, and Sicci. Based on phylogenetic studies, Androsacei, Alliacei (Moncalvo et al. 2002;Wilson and Desjardin 2005), and Hygrometrici (Jenkinson et al. 2014) were officially segregated into Gymnopus sect. Androsacei, Mycetinis, and Cryptomarasmius, respectively. ...
Marasmius is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi known to harbor a large diversity of species and morphological structures. To date, sections Globulares, Leveilleani, Marasmius, Neosessiles, and Sicci (traditional view) are confirmed in Marasmius s.s. This study focused on the taxa of Marasmius sect. Marasmius, with 18 species from the Atlantic Rainforest of Southeastern Brazil herein included in morphological and phylogenetic analyses based on nrITS data, along with species of the section from various tropical and temperate areas of the World. Seven new species are described: Marasmius alienigenus sp. nov., M. avellaneus sp. nov., M. gracilis sp. nov., M. longibasidiatus sp. nov., M. subputtemansii sp. nov., M. subvigintifolius sp. nov., and M. ypyrangensis sp. nov. Additionally, Marasmius sect. Marasmius subsect. Horriduli is herein emended based on evidences from phylogenetic and morphological analyses. Subsection Horriduli circumscribes foliicolous species producing basidiomata containing Chrysochaetes-type elements in the pileipellis and lamellar edge. This prompts the perspective of a pluralistic view in how characterizing structures of the pileipellis and cheilocystidia to replace the paradigmatic dichotomy Rotalis-Siccus in classification.
Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr. and M. siccus (Schwein.) Fr. (ser. Haematocephali) were respectively described from Southeastern Brazil and from Eastern United States, and subsequently reported as pantropical and pantemperate. Recent phylogenetic studies indicate that these two species are closely related in their broad concepts and at least M. haematocephalus is suggested to be a species complex. We evaluated herein whether M. haematocephalus is or is not pantropical and whether M. siccus is or is not pantemperate. Combined nrITS + nrLSU and nrITS + rpb2 + ef1- phylogenies were reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses and integrated with detailed morphological data. Results indicated that M. haematocephalus sensu stricto (s. str.) is at most Neotropical, with closely related species in Tropical Africa and Indo-Malayan region. Similarly, M. siccus s. str. is at most Nearctical, with closely related species in the temperate Palearctic. For the time being, one can recognize about 23 species in the M. haematocephalus and M. siccus complexes, of which four are described as new herein. Dmler les espces cryptiques dans les complexes d'espces Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr. et M. siccus (Schwein.) Fr. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr. et M. siccus (Schwein.) Fr. (ser. Haematocephali) ont t respectivement dcrits du sud-est du Brsil et de l'est des tats-Unis, signals par la suite comme pantropicaux et pantemprs. Dans des tudes phylogntiques rcentes, ils semblent troitement lis dans leurs concepts gnraux et au moins M. haematocephalus est suggr comme un complexe d'espces. Nous avons cherch dterminer ici si M. haematocephalus est ou non pantropical et si M. siccus est ou non pantempr. Les phylognies combines nrITS + nrLSU et nrITS + rpb2 + ef1- ont t reconstruites dans les analyses de vraisemblance maximale et baysiennes et intgres avec des donnes morphologiques dtailles. Les rsultats ont indiqu que M. haematocephalus sensu stricto (s. str.) nest pas pantropical mais tout au plus notropical, avec des espces proches en Afrique tropicale et en Indo-Malaisie. De faon similaire, M. siccus s. str. est tout au plus narctique, avec des espces proches dans le palarctique tempr. Pour linstant, on peut reconnatre environ 23 espces dans les complexes M. haematocephalus et M. siccus, dont quatre sont dcrites ici comme nouvelles.
Agarics (gilled mushrooms) and the order Agaricales include some of the best‐known and most charismatic fungi. However, neither group has had its constituent genera exhaustively compiled in a modern phylogenetic context. To provide that framework, we identified and analyzed 1383 names of genera of agarics (regardless of taxonomic placement) and the Agaricales (regardless of morphology), compiling various data for each name. Including 590 accepted names, the other 793 listed with reasons explaining their disuse, this compendium is intended to be comprehensive at present and phylogenetically up‐to‐date. Data we gathered included type species, continents from which type species were described, accepted synonyms of those species, current family placements, gross macromorphological categories, and sequenced loci (for type specimens, type species, and each genus as a whole). Index Fungorum provided a basis for the data, but much was manually confirmed, augmented, or corrected based on recent literature. Among accepted gilled genera, 82% belonged to the Agaricales; among accepted genera of Agaricales, 67% were gilled. Based on automated searches of GenBank and MycoCosm, 7% of generic names had DNA sequences of their type specimens, 68% had sequences of their type species, and 87% had sequences representing their genus. This leaves an estimated 103 accepted genera entirely lacking molecular data. Some subsets of genera have been sequenced relatively thoroughly (e.g., nidularioid genera and genera described from Europe); others relatively poorly (e.g., cyphelloid genera and genera described from Africa and tropical Asia). We also list nomenclaturally threatened and taxonomically doubtful genus and family names.
The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
This treatise serves as a preliminary monograph and phylogenetic treatment of Marasmius from the African island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe (ST&P), based on data generated from 30 specimens collected in 2008. Twenty-one species are described, seven of which represent species new to science (Marasmius albisubiculosus, M. diversus, M. elaeocephaliformis, M. laranja, M. leptocephalus, M. paratrichotus, M. segregatus), and all represent new distribution records for ST&P. Species are delimited based on comprehensive morphological characters and DNA sequence data. Prior to the collection of these specimens, only one Marasmius species had been documented from these islands. Phylogenetic hypotheses generated from analyses of DNA sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer regions (ITS1+5.8S+ITS2) are proposed to explore the evolutionary relationships amongst ST&P Marasmius and global Marasmius diversity. A dichotomous key to aid in identification, illustrations of pertinent micromorphological features, colour photographs of basidiomata, comprehensive descriptions and commentaries are provided.
An overview of the phylogeny of the Agaricales is presented based on a multilocus analysis of a six-gene region supermatrix. Bayesian analyses of 5611 nucleotide characters of rpb1, rpb1-intron 2, rpb2 and 18S, 25S, and 5.8S ribosomal RNA genes recovered six major clades, which are recognized informally and labeled the Agaricoid, Tricholomatoid, Marasmioid, Pluteoid, Hygrophoroid and Plicaturopsidoid clades. Each clade is discussed in terms of key morphological and ecological traits. At least 11 origins of the ectomycorrhizal habit appear to have evolved in the Agaricales, with possibly as many as nine origins in the Agaricoid plus Tricholomatoid clade alone. A family-based phylogenetic classification is sketched for the Agaricales, in which 30 families, four unplaced tribes and two informally named clades are recognized.
Three distinct lineages of gymnopoid and marasmioid fungi are recognized in parsimony and Bayesian analyses of nLSU rDNA sequences. One lineage contains the genera Lentinula, Rhodocollybia, Tetrapyrgos, a resurrected and redefined Mycetinis, and two unresolved clades designated /marasmiellus and /gymnopus. /marasmiellus includes the type species of Marasmiellus and is dominated by members of Gymnopus sect. Vestipedes. /gymnopus includes the type species of Gymnopus, Micromphale and Setulipes, and members of Gymnopus sect. Levipedes. A second lineage includes the genera Marasmius s.s. and Crinipellis and represents a redefined /marasmiaceae. A third lineage includes the genera Cylindrobasidium, Flammulina, Gloiocephala, Physalacria, Strobilurus, Xerula and Marasmius sect. Epiphylli and represents /physalacriaceae. One new combination in Rhodocollybia and four new combinations in Mycetinis are proposed. A discussion of the taxonomic implications resulting from the phylogenetic reconstruction is presented.
We used sequence data from mitochondrial small-subunit ribosomal DNA to infer phylogenetic relationships of the Polyporaceae. We examined 62 species representing 14 families of Aphyllophorales and Agaricales. Parsimony analyses of these sequences suggest that the Polyporaceae are polyphyletic. Higher order relationships are poorly resolved, but seven groups of species are generally well supported (as measured by bootstrapping) or are congruent with previous taxonomic hypotheses. Group 1 includes Polyporus s.str., seven other genera of Polyporaceae, Lentinus, and Ganoderma. Because this clade contains the type species of Polyporus, it may serve as the core for a future recircumscription of the Polyporaceae. Group 2 is morphologically and ecologically diverse, but all members have amyloid, ornamented spores (with the possible exception of Heterobasidion). This group includes Bondarzewia, Heterobasidion, Hericium, Echinodontium, Lentinellus, Auriscalpium, and Russula. Group 3 includes five exemplars of the Hymenochaetaceae, as well as Oxyporus and Trichaptum. Trichaptum and members of the Hymenochaetaceae are unusual among the holobasidiomycetes in their possession of imperforate parenthosomes. Group 4 represents the Boletaceae and includes Boletus and Suillus. Group 5 includes Bjerkandera, which is a polypore, and Pulcherricium and Phanerochaete, which are corticioid. In Group 5 the corticioid habit may have been derived by reduction. Group 6 includes Fomitopsis, Piptoporus, acid Daedalea, all of which are brown rot polypores with bipolar mating systems. Group 7 includes Laetiporus and Phaeolus. Laetiporus is classified in Polyporaceae, but Phaeolus has been placed in both the Polyporaceae and Hymenochaetaceae. In general, our results suggest that macromorphology is evolutionarily flexible, but that certain anatomical and physiological characters, while not free from homoplasy, contain clues to higher order relationships of polypores.
Four new African tropical taxa of the genus Marasmius, M. aurantiostipitatus, M. curreyi var. distantifolius, M. rotalis van latisporus (sect. Marasmius) and M. subalbidulus (sect. Hygrometrici) are described and one new combination, Setulipes congolensis, is proposed.