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Abstract
The Timan-Pechora basin, a promising hydrocarbon-producing region in the European part of Russia, reportedly has an estimated 1.3 billion tons of {open_quotes}proven{close_quotes} (A+B+C{sub 1}) and 0.6 billion tons of C{sub 2} reserves of oil and 800 billion cubic meters of A+B+C{sub 1} reserves of natural gas. The distribution of the basin`s reserves, embracing federally subordinated, republican, and autonomous jurisdictions, tends to create opportunities as well as additional complications for foreign developers. Harsh climatic conditions, swampy terrain, and other difficulties (e.g., heavy and paraffinic oils) have impeded rapid development. Nevertheless, the Timan-Pechora basin has become a major focus of joint venture activity involving, among other multinational oil companies, Conoco, Texaco, Exxon, and Amoco. New projects, with previously discovered fields containing an estimated 2 to 5 billion barrels of oil, appear to offer potential yields of about 6 million tons per annum by the year 2000. 11 refs., 3 tabs.
... This led to large-scale in-migration. However, after 1983, annual petroleum output declined, falling to 15.8 million tonnes by 1990 (Sagers 1994). A crisis in the Russian oil sector, along with the collapse of the Soviet Union, led to a further, more rapid, decline, and between 1990 and 2007 the Komi Republic lost 22% of its population to outmigration. ...
Residents of the Komi Republic have enjoyed some benefits from the oil industry, through taxation, jobs and business opportunities. They have also suffered repeated oil spills, including one of the world's largest in 1994. Since most petroleum taxes go to Moscow for redistribution, the economic benefits are limited, and are focused in urban centres. Rural populations, who suffer most from oil spills, experience benefits primarily through companies’ social projects. We analyse local perceptions of the corporate social responsibility performance of Lukoil-Komi and consider how a weak—or ‘phantom’—social licence to operate can lead to open protest.
The Timan-Pechora Basin in northwestern Arctic Russia contains about 20 BBOE recoverable reserves, which has been ranked 22nd according to the U.S. Geological Survey among 937 petroliferous sedimentary basins of the world other than those of the U.S. The major fields include Vuktyl, Usa, Vozey, Yarega, Kharyaga, and Toravey. The reserves consist of 66% oil, 30% gas, and 4% condensate, of which less than 8% of the initial oil and 15% of gas has been produced due to harsh environment and heavy nature of oil as of 1994. The basin was shelf areas of passive continental margin of the East European craton since Precambrian to Paleozoic that experienced recurrent subsidences and uplifts. The area was subjected to the Hercynian orogeny in Upper Permian forming foredeeps in front of the Uralian thrust-fold belts. The stratigraphy is dominated by Paleozoic platform and shelf edge carbonates succeeded by Upper Permian to Triassic molasse siliciclastics. The petroleum system consists of the Upper Devonian Domanik Formation as the source rock that served for Volga-Ural and North Caspian regions as well, and Paleozoic reservoirs and seals. The Domanik Formation is organic rich (total organic carbon up to 30%), black, siliceous shales and limestones containing Type II Kerogen. The major reservoirs are Middle and Upper Devonian sandstones and Lower Permian carbonates whose porosity and permeability average 16% and 154 md, and 13% and 208 md, respectively. Seals include marine shales of variable ages, Permian evaporites, and post-orogenic fine-grained siliciclastics. Major hydrocarbon accumulations occurred in structural traps, while sandstone pinchouts, carbonate buildups, and karst emerge as important stratigraphic traps.
러시아 북극해 연안의 티만-페초라 분지는미국지질조사소에 의하면 200억 배럴에 달하는 가채매장량을
부존하고 있으며, 이는 미국을 제외한 전세계 937개 분지 중 매장량 규모로 서열 22위이다. 대표적인 유전으로 뷱틸, 우사, 보제이, 야레가, 하랴가, 토라베이 등이 있다. 매장량은 석유 66%, 가스 30%, 콘덴세이트 4%로 구성되는데, 가혹한 기후 조건과 무거운 유질 때문에 1994년 기준 석유는 초기 매장량의 8%, 가스는 15% 정도만이 생산되었다. 분지는 선캄브리아기에서 고생대 동안 침강과 융기를 반복한 유럽 육괴의 비활성 대륙 주변부의 비교적 안정된 대지 지역이다. 분지는 페름기 후기에 헤르시니안 조산 운동으로 우랄 충상 단층-습곡대 전단에 형성된 전면분지를 포함한다. 층서는 고생대의 대지와 대륙붕단에서 퇴적된 탄산염암이 주를 이루며, 페름기 후기~트라이아스기 몰라세 쇄설암으로 이어진다. 티만-페초라 분지의 석유시스템은 근원암을 형성하는 데본기 후기 도마닉 층과 저류암과 덮개암은 고생대층으로 구성된다. 도마닉 층은 볼가-우랄, 북카스해 지역에서도 주요 근원암이며, 유기물이 풍부하고, Type II 케로겐을 포함하는 흑색규질과 석회질 셰일이다. 주요 저류암들은 데본기 중/후기 사암과 페름기 전기 탄산염암이고, 공극율과 투과도는 각각 16%, 154 md와 13%, 208 md 이다. 덮개암 은 다양한 시대의 해성 셰일들과 페름기 증발암, 조산 운동 후기의 세립질 쇄설암들을 포함한다. 티만-페초라 분지의 대부분의 탄화수소 집적은 구조 트랩에서 일어나지만, 층서 소멸, 산호초, 카르스트 등도 주요 트랩 기구로 부각되고 있다.
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