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Administration of Education Enterprise and Gaps in the Provision of Needed Information: The Case of Pakistan
... Results of the studies of Iroaganachi and Nkiko (2016); Kaur and Walia (2013); Mwanzu and Wendo (2017); and Shafique and Mahmood (2013) supports the above findings. Mwanzu and Wendo pointed out that public libraries with sufficient resources and functional services would be of great value to communities. ...
This descriptive research examined the state of public libraries in Negros Occidental as to its compliance with RA 7743; its performance based on standard requirement; and implementation of greening practices to 31 administrators and 379 users. Findings revealed that most of the provisions of the law were not complied as indicated by the number of municipalities without libraries, the appointment of a non-professional librarian, and the inadequacy of budget allocation. Likewise, assessors find their performance as good but distinctively rated IT facilities and services as poor. In the implementation of sustainable practices, administrators rated it great, while users find it to a moderate extent. The challenges encountered by assessors conveys a clear message that public libraries are striving to fulfill its philosophy of existence. Thus, broader knowledge and understanding of local authorities and the community of the vital role public library plays in nation-building shape its future.
... Data was also collected from Government Departments, CHIP a National NGO, KDF a local NGO and others institutions working on rehabilitation, skill development and private sector Special Education School (Saleem et al., 2013). Questionnaires distributed among the targeted population were collected (Shafique & Mahmood, 2013). A number of 714 targeted samples responded and returned the feedback on questionnaire to the researcher (van Dyck et al., 2002). ...
This research study is designed to investigate the affairs of critical conditions of special persons and their distinctive needs and requirements concerning social development in Pakistan. The prime objective of the research is to identify the school going children in the age bracket of 03-15 years requiring special needs from the entire population of Skardu city and union council Gumba, Gilgit-Baltistan. To conduct this research, a comprehensive questionnaire was designed by the research and was circulated among the targeted population by engaging the field investigators to collect the feedback. This survey was distributed in 815 targeted samples of population and 714 responses were received. Furthermore, this collected data was analyzed with different tools. Subsequently, the analysis revealed that a total number of 572 school going children were identified who were declared as special needs required children. Moreover, the data of special children reflected that 230 children comprising of almost 40% of total targeted population were showing Physically Handicapped Children. While 164 children showing 28% of targeted sample were Mentally Retarded Children, 130 Hearing Impaired Children reflected 22.60% of said population and 48 Visually Handicapped Children were 8.30% of 572 under observation population. The findings of this research recommends that mass survey of disability prevalence, awareness campaigns and large scale provision programs for special needs children at Government as well as community levels to fulfil the requirement of establishing the Special Education Centres in Baltistan Division in Pakistan.
... Results of the studies of Iroaganachi and Nkiko (2016); Kaur and Walia (2013); Mwanzu and Wendo (2017); and Shafique and Mahmood (2013) supports the above findings. Mwanzu and Wendo pointed out that public libraries with sufficient resources and functional services would be of great value to communities. ...
... Data was also collected from Government Departments, CHIP a National NGO, KDF a local NGO and others institutions working on rehabilitation, skill development and private sector Special Education School (Saleem et al., 2013). Questionnaires distributed among the targeted population were collected (Shafique & Mahmood, 2013). A number of 714 targeted samples responded and returned the feedback on questionnaire to the researcher (van Dyck et al., 2002). ...
This research study is designed to investigate the affairs of critical conditions of special persons and their distinctive needs and requirements concerning social development in Pakistan. The prime objective of the research is to identify the school going children in the age bracket of 03-15 years requiring special needs from the entire population of Skardu city and union council Gumba, Gilgit-Baltistan. To conduct this research, a comprehensive questionnaire was designed by the research and was circulated among the targeted population by engaging the field investigators to collect the feedback. This survey was distributed in 815 targeted samples of population and 714 responses were received. Furthermore, this collected data was analyzed with different tools. Subsequently, the analysis revealed that a total number of 572 school going children were identified who were declared as special needs required children. Moreover, the data of special children reflected that 230 children comprising of almost 40% of total targeted population were showing Physically Handicapped Children. While 164 children showing 28% of targeted sample were Mentally Retarded Children, 130 Hearing Impaired Children reflected 22.60% of said population and 48 Visually Handicapped Children were 8.30% of 572 under observation population. The findings of this research recommends that mass survey of disability prevalence, awareness campaigns and large scale provision programs for special needs children at Government as well as community levels to fulfil the requirement of establishing the Special Education Centres in Baltistan Division in Pakistan.
Pakistan is among few countries in the world, which has been suffered the most due to both natural and man-made calamities. In the overall scenario, this research study was aimed to evaluate the Disaster Management Structure of Pakistan with an emphasis on Man-made Disasters. For the purpose of this evaluation for deeper understanding of the structure, Content Analysis Research Method was adopted on the available policies, documents and important legislation which govern the institutions to participate in disaster management. The results showed that there exists a three-layered structure to deal with the disaster but mainly it deals with the natural ones. The research finding also revealed existence of huge gaps at the policy and legislative levels to deal with the man-made disaster especially. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), which is the largest federal institute to encounter the disasters, virtually defines disaster on the basis of natural and man-made but, remained silent on human induced disasters. While evaluating, policies in most of the documents were found reactive rather than proactive, therefore; the focus should be on Disaster Risk Reduction instead of mere Disaster Management as, minimizing the adverse effects of disasters can be more productive than responding to the damages of its outcome. Above all, strong coordination is considered an essence for success in any institution, which needs to be enhanced among
The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the curriculum developed in line with authentic learning on the teacher candidates’ success, attitudes towards courses and self-directed learning skills. The study, that is quantitative in nature, is carried out with 64 teacher candidates studying at Near East University and taking the course of “curriculum development”. During the implementation which lasted 12 weeks, while the experimental group was implemented with the curriculum developed in line with authentic learning, the control group was implemented with a traditional curriculum. The results obtained from the research have indicated that the curriculum developed in line with authentic learning has increased the success of the teacher candidates. Also, there has been a meaningful difference in the attitudes of teacher candidates towards the course of curriculum development. Yet, the same developed curriculum has increased the self-directed learning skills of teacher candidates from a moderate level to a high level.
This paper presents an outline of models of information seeking and other aspects of information behaviour, showing the relationship between communication and information behaviour in general with information seeking and information searching in information retrieval systems. It is suggested that these models address issues at various levels of information behaviour and that they can be related by envisaging a 'nesting' of models. It is also suggested that, within both information seeking research and information searching research, alternative models address similar issues in related ways and that the models are complementary rather than conflicting. Finally, an alternative, problem-solving model is presented, which, it is suggested, provides a basis for relating the models in appropriate research strategies.
There is a tremendous impact of ICT on the users. Today, users are not completely dependent on the libraries for getting the required information. They are using various means to retrieve the same. The
academic library users are also not exceptional for that. Academic library users mainly consist of faculty members and students of the academic institution. The faculty members of any institution have varied
demands in these days and are using various printed and non-print material for getting the information.
The present work is conducted to study the information seeking behaviour of MES’s institutions. It is found that there are total 187faculty members in the higher education institutions of MES. These
users are having their own information needs for the purpose of completing their research work including their research projects, preparation for teaching as well as presentations etc. and are using
variety of internet search engines and on-line databases along with the
printed resources. It therefore required studying the information seeking behaviour of the faculty members in MES’s Institutions in present scenario. This study will help the libraries of these institutions in understanding the information seeking behaviour of faculty members in a better manner and to serve this group more efficiently.
The paper focuses on enquiring the information needs and Information seeking behavior of Science and Technology (S&T) teachers of the University of the Punjab (PU). Their preferences regarding various formats of information sources (printed and electronic) and importance of formal and informal sources have been explored through quantitative survey. Self-completion questionnaire was used to reach whole population of institutions/colleges/departments of all Science and Technology faculties. Findings reveal: both libraries and e-resources are playing important role in meeting respondents' information needs; direct access to e-sources has slightly decreased the number of their visits to departmental and central libraries; and faculty spend comparatively more time on searching web sources than print sources.
This paper presents an outline of models of information seeking and other aspects of information behaviour, showing the relationship between communication and information behaviour in general with information seeking and information searching in information retrieval systems. It is suggested that these models address issues at various levels of information behaviour and that they can be related by envisaging a 'nesting' of models. It is also suggested that, within both information seeking research and information searching research, alternative models address similar issues in related ways and that the models are complementary rather than conflicting. Finally, an alternative, problem-solving model is presented, which, it is suggested, provides a basis for relating the models in appropriate research strategies.
The aim of this article is threefold: (1) to give a summary of empirical results reported earlier on relations between students' problem stages in the course of writing their research proposals for a master's thesis and the information sought, choice of search terms and tactics and relevance assessments of the information found for that task; (2) to show how the findings of the study refine Kuhlthau's model of the information search process in the field of information retrieval (IR); and (3) to construe a tentative theory of a task-based IR process based on the supported hypotheses. The results of the empirical studies show that there is a close connection between the students' problem stages (mental model) in the task performance and the information sought, the search tactics used and the assessment of the relevance and utility of the information found. The corroborated hypotheses expand the ideas in Kuhlthau's model in the domain of IR. A theory of task-based information searching based on the empirical findings of the study is presented.
This paper reports on a recent review of the literature of “information behaviour” as it is studied in a variety of disciplines, other than information science. As a result of the review, areas of research interest to information science are identified and a general model of information behaviour is proposed.
The main objective of this study was to develop an understanding of how Singapore's managers behave as information users and determine if their behavioural patterns are similar to their counterparts in other countries (as disclosed in the literature) or if it differs, in what ways. A total of 369 questionnaires were mailed to individual members of Singapore's Institute of Management. Only twenty members responded. The main focus of the survey was the relative uses of the different types of information sources. The survey also touched briefly on the relative importance of domains, and the correlation between hierarchical and functional levels. Results indicated that the types of information considered very important for decision making included Competitor Trends followed by Regional Economic Trends. Types of information considered important included Business news followed by Political, Social, and Supplier trends, Regulatory information, Use of Information Technology, Demographic Trends and New Management methods. Sources given a very high preference rating were Personal Contact for Competitor Trends and the use of Government Publications for obtaining regulatory information. Respondents also preferred use of Government Publications for Local Economic information and the use of Newspapers for Political Trends and Business News. Internal computer printouts were used for forecasting information and company performance. Subordinate managers were referred to for information on the use of technology, Forecasting, and Company Performance. Because the Company Library provided access to newspapers (very high usage) and business news, information about Political Trends, International and Local Economic Information and Competitor Trends were associated with it. However, the Company Library was perceived as a storage facility rather than a dynamic information resource. Local libraries were also used for Regional and International Economic information. Radio and television were used to obtain regional and Local Economic Information in Singapore, but were rated low in accessibility. Very high preference was given to personal contacts as a source of information. Managers in Singapore did not exploit all types of information sources available to them, mainly due to lack of awareness, lack of information skills and lack of accessibility to world news channels.
CEOs SCAN THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT for information about events and trends in order to plan their organizations ’ future courses of action. This study investigates how CEOs in the Canadian publishing and telecommunications industries acquire and use information about the business environment. The uncertainty of the environment was found to be related to the amount of scanning done. The perceived quality of information sources and the environmental uncertainty accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in source use. Information about the environment was often used in making decisions concerning organizational improvements and business strategies.
Cambridge Core - General - Qualitative Research for the Information Professional - by G. E. Gorman
School library development in Pakistan is in its embryonic stage. Only a negligible percentage of schools under government control have some kind of a library. The existing school libraries are confronted with problems of poor collections, lack of proper organization, absence of trained personnel, inadequate accommodation and non-availability of funds. This situation is attributed to defects in the educational system, lack of true concept of school library programme, dearth of children’s literature in indigenous languages, non-existence of school library standards, etc. Suggestions include: formulation of standards, appropriations for school libraries in the regular budgets of educational institutions, introduction of school librarianship as one of the subjects in teachers’ training colleges and translation of selected foreign titles.
Qualitative Research for the Information Professional - by G. E. Gorman December 2004
The elementary education system in Pakistan is fragmented into state controlled, municipal, and private education. The first is over-controlled under the hierarchical structure, without any system of accountability or democratic control and is subject to political intervention. In urban areas, elementary education is totally left to the municipalities. Owing to their multi-purpose nature, lack of clarity in the local government laws, and absence of central discipline and administrative control, the real interest of education could never be guaranteed among the municipalities. The political and administrative élite are fulfilling their educational needs from private sector, which is expanding speedily under the auspices of the government. Practically, State and Municipal education is left only to the poor people, who have no say in society. In such circumstances the only option is the establishment of the “education authorities” at division, district or the local level. This step will ensure the involvement of the related interests in planning, administration and maintenance of the educational institutions. It will also enhance a sense of participation and accountability among the educational community and equip the system with local knowledge.
Describes the information environment of managers by presenting a model and by reviewing pertinent literature. Structural components of the model include general managerial behaviors, management roles, managerial activities, decision making, problem dimensions, and characteristics of the person and of the organization. (Contains 192 references.) (LRW)
This article reports a study of the information sources used in environmental scanning by chief executives of the Canadian telecommunications industry. Environmental scanning is the acquisition and use of information about events and trends in a firm's external environment, the knowledge of which would assist management in planning the firm's future courses of action. Chief executives use information sources that they perceive to be of high quality to scan the environment. Specifically, they prefer sources that they perceive to be reliable and that provide relevant information. Among the wide range of sources that they use, internal and personal sources appear to be more important than external, impersonal sources. Few chief executives personally use the company library and online database services.
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The paper describes the beginning of research activity on information needs and presents an analysis of the literature on information needs in Pakistan to discover that no research has so far been published. It reviews 14 student-research projects produced from 1975 to 1982 at the University of the Punjab which have remained unpublished; Laments the loss of impetus given to this topic in 1974-75; and urges the LIS academics and practitioners to promote and conduct research on this critical topic.
The purpose of this study is to explore the reasons for failures of public policy & management of primary education in Remote Area of Sindh. Our assumption is that prevailing high power distance between landlords & industrialist (upper class) and harries (lower class), high power distance between bosses and sub-ordinateÃÂâÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂs has contributed to the dismal show of the primary education in the area. We also assumed that financial inability of the poverty-stricken lower class people has impaired the primary education of the mass children belonging to the lower class families The existing institutions in the area, the structure and modes of operation cannot accommodate effective implementation of policies. The teaching methods in vogue with extra emphasis on reading the textbooks leave much to be desired. Given the poor quality of textbooks, They fail to stimulate the child Since independence in 1947 the educational system has been expanded in terms of number of institutions of increase the enrollments. By and large the effort has remained focused towards quantitative expansion of actual school plants. The supervision of professional guidance has lagged far behind The participation rate at the primary level in the area would not increase substantially unless special efforts are made for the education of girls and boys belonging to the disadvantaged sections of the population. The gap between the participation rates of the boys and girls is indeed, wide, Special social campaigns need to be launched to secure better participation of girls The worst criticism so far as the existing; curriculum is concerned is the fact that the same lays extra stress on filling a childÃÂâÃÂÃÂÃÂÃÂs mind with a lump of knowledge-Mainly names, dates and statistic, rather than helping him develop his understanding of things and stimulating of his curiosity, imagination and creativity. A look at the contents of many of the textbooks is enough to show how unrealistic and unproductively demanding are the expectations of our educational managers The author examines, the management issues in basic education with specific focus of the process. This study leads to achieve the goal of universalization of primary education
Education in Pakistan is provincial subject according to the constitution. The Education administration system of all the provinces is decentralized after the devolution plan of education; hence there are some differences present in the functions of educational administration systems in all the provinces of Pakistan. The major purpose of this research was to conduct a comparative study of the provincial educational administration system in Pakistan. The main objectives of the study were: a) to examine the existing setup of educational administration in all the provinces of Pakistan, b) to determine the similarities among all the provincial educational administration systems in Pakistan, c) to determine the dissimilarities among all the provincial educational administration systems in Pakistan, d)to compare the effectiveness of all the provincial educational administration systems in Pakistan, e) to point out the weaknesses of all the provincial educational administration systems in Pakistan, f) to suggest some measures for improvement in all the provincial educational administration systems in Pakistan. All the educational administrators working as the head of departments and their subordinates in district level of educational administration in all the provinces of Pakistan and all the educational administrators working on the key post at provincial level of educational administration in Punjab, Sindh, NWFP and Baluchistan. The random sampling technique was used to select the sample of the study. A sample of 185 educational administrators, among them 145 were District level Educational Administrators and 40 were provincial level Educational Administrators, was selected from four provinces (Punjab, Sindh, NWFP and Baluchistan). 145 District level educational administrators, among them 40 were District Education Officers, (DEO) and 105 were Deputy District Education Officers (DDEO) from various districts of Punjab, Sindh, NWFP and Baluchistan. The procedure for selecting the sample was as follow: Out of 34 districts, randomly 7 districts selected from Punjab namely Attock, Rawalpindi, Chakwal, Jehlum, Rahim Yar Khan, Sahiwal, and Mianwali. Out of 21 districts, randomly 5 districts selected from Sindh namely Hyderabad, Jamshoro, Dadu, Badin, and Thatta. Out of 24 districts, randomly 5 districts selected from NWFP namely Peshawar, Abbottabad, BAnnu, Nowshera and Swabi. Out of 26 distircts, randomly 3 districts selected from Baluchistan namely Quetta, Mastong, and Pishin. Then from each selected district 2 to 3 District Education Officers (DEOs) and 3 to 8 Deputy District Education Officers (DDEOs) were randomly selected. 40 provincial level educational administrators among them 10 each from every province were selected randomly. Two questionnaires (one for district educational administrators and other for provincial educational administrators) were developed, validated and administrated to sample of the study to collect data. The collected data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted in the objectives of the study by using two-way chi-square. The conclusions of the study was: a) There are to many complications in administrative and financial matters. b) Financial powers are insufficient. c) Political forces badly influenced the day-to-day working. d). Curriculum is not according to the needs of society. e). There are some similarities as well as dissimilarities present in all the provincial education administrative systems. f). Education administration system is working more effectively and efficiently in NWFP as compared to other provinces.
Good education is the product of good administration and the administration is not simply a managerial occupation, it demands new dimensions of knowledge, techniques and skills. Today administrators are confronting a variety of problems in their respective organizations. In the past, administrators could control and manipulate more readily because organizations were less complicated and environments were more stable but now many complex forces have emerged like the market needs, continuous changes and leadership authenticity, so the administrators and organizations both are under security. To grasp these problems and to cope up with continuous changes, need assessment of administrators and designing of a training model for their professional development is a significant topic of research. The study was aimed at assessing the needs of educational administrators at college level and designing a training model. The study consisted of the following stages (a) assessment of training needs and problems of educational administrators; (b) designing a training model on the basis of findings and literature; and ( c) validation of training model by Delphi Technique. The Delphi Technique was based on the Hegelian principle of achieving ; Oneness of Mind through a three-step process of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. In thesis and antithesis, all present their opinion or views on a given subject, establishing views and opposing views. In synthesis, opposites were brought together to form the new thesis. All participants were then to accept ownership of the new thesis and support it, changing their own views to align with the new thesis. Through a continual process of evolution, Oneness of Mind supposedly occurred. For this purpose, objectives of the study were: to assess the training needs of the educational administrators at degree college level; to investigate the problems faced by educational administrators at Degree College level; to examine the performance of educational administrators at Degree College level; to suggest measures to overcome the problems faced by educational administrators at Degree College level and to design a training model for professional development of educational administrators. The population of the study was all the principals and teachers of Degree Colleges, male and female, imparting general education in Punjab. A sample of 80 Principals (40 male and 40 female) of Government Degree Colleges was selected randomly from 26 districts and four hundred teachers were selected randomly. The sample size was thus 480. One Administrative Demographic Checklist (ADC) and two questionnaires; one for principals and other for colleges teachers were developed on the basis of related literature and tried out on ten respondents. The researcher Collected data from the respondents through the instruments personally, with help of assistants and also through mail. The data was tabulated and statistically analyzed. The main conclusions were that: (I) training needs were assessed in the skills such as use of computer, planning, decision-making, delegation of authority, stress management, conflict management, time management, motivation, team building, human relation and about the principal role as an instructional leader; (2) respondent principals were facing the problems like insufficient budget, influence of top management on the budget and performance targets, lack of training opportunities, political interference, lack of staff (teaching and menial), lack of authority in utilizing the funds due to complicated procedure for approval and insufficient building/classrooms; (3) Performance of respondent principals was low. The main recommendations of the study were follows: (I) training agencies may provide training program for the professional development of the principals in skills, which were assessed in this study; (2) the Handbook may be developed for principals, this may be useful for them in their smooth functioning and to be effective instructional leaders; (3) principals may be transferred or rotated after three years; (4) for regular and fair assessment of principals, a profarma for monthly evaluation of principals' performance may be developed. On the basis of literature and findings of the study, a training model for educational administrators was developed and was validated through Delphi Technique. This training model is for the professional development of educational administrators/principals at degree college level in Punjab.
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