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Homeopatia em Saúde Coletiva: Contribuição ao Estudo das Epidemias
... Fever is attended by prostration, chills, intense headache, retro-ocular pain, muscular and joints pain. Nausea, vomiting, sore throat and adenopathy may be found [2]. At the end of the febrile phase of illness or after the temperature falls to or below normal, petechiae may appear; these may be scattered or confluent. ...
... There are no specific medications which can successfully deal with the dengue fever in allopathic medicine. Because dengue epidemics have increased in extension and virulence, possibly indicating viral mutation of 4 existing varieties of it makes difficult to produce an effective vaccine [2]. Acetaminophen with fluid replacement may be used to treat patients with symptomatic fever [4][5][6][7]. ...
Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of homeopathic combination remedy compared with standard maintenance therapy for the treatment of dengue fever.Method: A total of 50 patients with dengue fever were divided into two equal groups. Group 1 was treated with homeopathic combination remedy for consecutive 6 days while standard maintenance therapy was similarly given to Group 2 patients. Their full blood count (FBC) including platelet count (PLT), white blood cell count (WBC) and hematocrit level (HCT) were recorded The parameters were monitored daily in order to determine between the two groups.Results: Following the six-day homeopathic combination remedy, PLT count increased from (95.60 ± 0.04) x 103 to (311 ± 0.13) x 103/μL, and WBC from (79.5 ± 0.05) x 104 to (90.3 ± 0.02) x 104/μL. However, HCT decreased from 48.02 ± 6.70 to 42.32 ± 3.42 %. On the other hand, standard maintenance therapy increased PLT count from (73.44 ± 0.04) x 103 to (239.00 ± 0.04) x 103/μL and WBC from (53.50 ± 0.02) x 104 to (79.40 ± 0.02) x 104/μL, but decreased HCT from 42.30 ± 2.48 to 39.68 ± 4.35 %. A significant difference was seen in the PLT count, WBC and HCT level between the two therapies (p = 0.012, 0.003 and 0.021, respectively).Conclusion: The homeopathic combination appeared to be a more potent treatment against dengue fever; however, further studies are required to demonstrate this clearly.
... In 2001, Eupatorium perfoliatum 30cH was applied as a preventive in the county of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, to 40% of the population of the Cristo Rei area, resulting in a dramatic reduction in incidence by comparison to other neighborhoods, suggesting active protection of the population at risk [9][10]. ...
... Standard supportive and pharmacological management, as well as clinical follow up were observed, as described in the Manual de Manejo Clínico (Manual of Clinical Management) by the Ministry of Health [14]. The remedy chosen was the complex described by Marino [9][10], the indication of which arose from the application of the notion of "epidemic genus", as the characteristic symptomatic nucleus prevailing in most cases of DF and DHF analogically corresponds to the symptoms of three remedies: ...
Homeopathy has contributed throughout history to the control and eradication of epidemic diseases. Facing the challenge of controlling an outbreak of dengue, the Secretary of Health of the county of Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in early 2007 carried out a "Homeopathy Campaign against Dengue". 156,000 doses of homeopathic remedy were freely distributed in April and May 2007 to asymptomatic patients and 129 doses to symptomatic patients treated in outpatient clinics, according to the notion of "epidemic genus". The remedy used was a homeopathic complex against dengue containing Phosphorus 30cH, Crotalus horridus 30cH and Eupatorium perfoliatum 30cH. The incidence of the disease in the first three months of 2008 fell 93% by comparison to the corresponding period in 2007, whereas in the rest of the State of Rio de Janeiro there was an increase of 128%. While confounding factors were not controlled for, these results suggest that homeopathy may be an effective adjunct in Dengue outbreak prevention.
... No Brasil, Marino [98,99] avaliou a ação do medicamento homeopático individualizado Eupatorium perfoliatum na profilaxia da dengue durante a epidemia de 2001 em São José do Rio Preto (SP), evidenciando que a intervenção homeopática apresentou diminuição significativa na incidência da doença perante o grupo controle. ...
In addition to the recognized application in chronic diseases, individualized homeopathy can also act in a resolutive or complementary way in acute cases, including epidemic diseases. However, to achieve this intent, it presents a specific semiologic and therapeutic methodology that must be followed and respected, with the risk of not presenting the desired efficacy and safety. In the case of epidemic diseases, which due to the virulence of their agents causes a common symptomatological picture in most susceptible individuals, the individualized homeopathic medicine (homeopathic medicine of the epidemic genius) should present similarity with the set of characteristic symptoms and signs of the patients affected in the different stages of each epidemic outbreak. Studies show the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic and/or prophylactic practice in several epidemics of the past. Therefore, after the survey of possible individualized homeopathic medicine from the epidemic genius of each epidemic, its therapeutic and/or large-scale prophylactic application should be supported by previous clinical trials that demonstrate its effectiveness and safety, in line with the ethical and bioethical aspects of research involving human beings. Fulfilling these premises of good clinical practice, we developed, in March 2020, this research protocol to investigate, in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial, the effectiveness and safety of possible individualized homeopathic medicines of epidemic genius of COVID-19. If effectiveness and safety are confirmed, and only in this condition, the medicine may be used in a generalized and collective manner in the treatment and prevention of the current epidemic. To this end, we refer this project to physicians, researchers and managers of several public and private hospitals, requesting an opportunity to apply this proposal to patients hospitalized in wards and/or intensive care units for the treatment of COVID-19. //
Resumo - Além da reconhecida aplicação nas doenças crônicas, a homeopatia individualizada também pode atuar de forma resolutiva ou complementar nos casos agudos, incluindo as doenças epidêmicas. No entanto, para atingir esse intento, apresenta uma metodologia semiológica e terapêutica específica que deve ser seguida e respeitada, com o risco de não apresentar a eficácia e a segurança desejada. No caso das doenças epidêmicas, que pela virulência dos seus agentes provoca um quadro sintomatológico comum na maioria dos indivíduos suscetíveis, o medicamento homeopático individualizado (medicamento homeopático do gênio epidêmico) deve apresentar semelhança com o conjunto de sinais e sintomas característicos dos pacientes acometidos nos diferentes estágios de cada surto epidêmico. Estudos evidenciam a eficácia e a segurança desta prática terapêutica e/ou profilática em diversas epidemias do passado. Assim sendo, após o levantamento dos possíveis medicamentos homeopáticos individualizados do gênio epidêmico de cada epidemia, sua aplicação terapêutica e/ou profilática em larga escala deve ser sustentada por ensaios clínicos prévios que demonstrem sua eficácia e segurança, em consonância com os aspectos éticos e bioéticos da pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. Cumprindo essas premissas da boa prática clínica, elaboramos, em março de 2020, esse protocolo de pesquisa para investigar, em ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego e placebo-controlado, a eficácia e a segurança de possíveis medicamentos homeopáticos individualizados do gênio epidêmico da COVID-19. Caso a eficácia e a segurança se confirmem, e tão somente nessa condição, o medicamento poderá ser utilizado de forma generalizada e coletiva no tratamento e na prevenção da atual epidemia. Com esse intuito, encaminhamos este projeto a médicos, pesquisadores e gestores de diversos hospitais públicos e privados, solicitando uma oportunidade para aplicar essa proposta em pacientes internados em enfermarias e/ou centros de terapia intensiva destinadas ao tratamento da COVID-19.
... A homeopathic complex composed of Eupatorium perfoliatum, Phosphorus and Crotalus horridus 30cH, given to 20,000 city residents Harydus was used @15 drops three times a day in dangue fever (Marino, 2008). In severe infection fresh and natural juices (apple, lemon) should be used to enhance quantity of platelets in blood. ...
A survey was carried out by entomological experts to monitor aedes belong to family culicidae, order diptera and surveillance in potential risk area for human beings lived in Lahore during 2013. The survey was conducted in pre and post season at union council level in different towns of Lahore. The result revealed that in pre-season scattered distribution of rain splashes resulting low infestation of aedes species was found. However during post season, there was huge spell of monsoon infested area of aedes species were rapidly increasing (4.31%) day by day. The survey showed that 3.98% hot spots of Aedes were recorded from outdoors and 5.41% from indoor populated areas. However overall infestation of Aedes was recorded in range 1.60%-9.88%. It was concluded that awareness should be provided to people through electronic media, pamphlets and lectures to overcome this national disaster. However mechanical control gave better results to control mosquito because it was environment friendly, no pesticide residue illumination for human beings and naturally growing population.
... A homeopathic complex composed of Eupatorium perfoliatum, Phosphorus and Crotalus horridus 30cH, given to 20,000 city residents Harydus was used @15 drops three times a day in dangue fever (Marino, 2008). In severe infection fresh and natural juices (apple, lemon) should be used to enhance quantity of platelets in blood. ...
The effect of six different botanical extracts- Orange peel (Citrus sinensis); Bitter goard (Momordica dioica); Garlic (Allium vineale); Mari gold; Hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens) and Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) extract on wheat aphid was assessed in field at Adaptive Research Farm, Gujranwala. Wheat aphids were deliberately exposed to the above botanical extracts and then the number of live and dead aphids was counted in meter square ring on tagged spikelet's. The botanical extracts showed varying effect on aphid population. Application of Orange Peel extract (T1) inflicted consistently the maximum level of aphid mortality (65.69%) followed by Garlic (57.91%), Tobacco (57.90%).
... Dentre as propostas realizadas no Brasil, apenas a dissertação de mestrado de Marino [61,62], que avaliou a ação do medicamento único e individualizado Eupatorium perfoliatum na profilaxia da dengue durante a epidemia de 2001 em São José do Rio Preto (SP), refere grupo controle e algum tipo de análise estatística, mostrando queda na incidência da doença após a intervenção. ...
Empregando o princípio da similitude curativa, a homeopatia visa estimular o organismo a reagir contra os seus próprios distúrbios. No entanto, para que o medicamento homeopático desperte uma reação homeostática efetiva, ele precisa ser individualizado, ou seja, ser escolhido pela semelhança com o conjunto de sintomas característicos do binômio doente-doença. Dessa forma, buscando diminuir as suscetibilidades individuais que predispõe ao adoecer, o medicamento homeopático atua curativa e preventivamente em muitas doenças humanas. Por outro lado, possui indicação específica no tratamento e na prevenção das doenças epidêmicas, desde que escolhido individualmente segundo o conjunto de sintomas peculiares à epidemia (denominado "gênio epidêmico"), com exemplos históricos descritos na literatura. Nessa atualização, iremos discorrer sobre as premissas epistemológicas que fazem da homeopatia hahnemanniana uma prática médica preventiva, as evidências científicas que endossam sua aplicação clínica e os requisitos mínimos para utilizá-la terapêutica e preventivamente nas doenças epidêmicas. Abstract By applying the principle of therapeutic similitude, homeopathy seeks to stimulate the organism to react against its own disturbs. For homeopathic medicines to awaken effective homeostasis responses they must be individualized, this means that they must be chosen according to their similarity to the set of characteristic symptoms of the patients. In this way, by aiming at decreasing the individual susceptibility predisposing to disease, homeopathic medicines have healing and preventive effects in many human illnesses. On the other hand, homeopathic medicines may have specific indications in the treatment and prevention of epidemic diseases provided they are also chosen according to the particular set of peculiar symptoms to a given epidemic, viz the so-called "epidemic genius", as historical examples show. This update paper discusses the epistemological foundations of Hahnemann"s homeopathy as a preventive medical approach, the scientific evidences supporting its clinical application and the minimum requirements to employ it both therapeutically and preventively in epidemics.
... Among attempts carried out in Brazil, only Marino [61,62] in his MA dissertation assessing the action of single and individualized Eupatorium perfoliatum in the prevention of dengue during the 2001 epidemic in São José do Rio Preto, SP, included a control group and statistical analysis, showing a fall in the incidence of the disease after the homeopathic intervention. ...
By applying the principle of therapeutic similarity, homeopathy seeks to stimulate the organism to react against its own disturbs. For homeopathic medicines to awaken effective homeostasis responses they must be individualized, this means that they must be chosen according to their similarity to the set of characteristic symptoms in patients. In this way, by aiming at decreasing individual susceptibility predisposing to disease, homeopathic medicines have healing and preventive effects in many human illnesses. On the other hand, homeopathic medicines may have specific indications in the treatment and prevention of epidemic diseases provided they are also chosen according to the particular set of symptoms peculiar to a given epidemic, viz. the so-called “epidemic genius”, as historical examples show. This update paper discusses the epistemological foundations of Hahnemann’s homeopathy as a preventive medical approach, the scientific evidences supporting its clinical application and the minimum requirements to employ it both therapeutically and preventively in epidemics.
In addition to the recognized application in chronic diseases, individualized homeopathy can also act in a resolutive or complementary way in acute cases, including epidemic diseases. However, to achieve this intent, it presents a specific semiologic and therapeutic methodology that must be followed and respected, with the risk of not presenting the desired efficacy and safety. In the case of epidemic diseases, which due to the virulence of their agents causes a common symptomatological picture in most susceptible individuals, the individualized homeopathic medicine (homeopathic medicine of the epidemic genius) should present similarity with the set of characteristic symptoms and signs of the patients affected in the different stages of each epidemic outbreak. Studies show the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic and/or prophylactic practice in several epidemics of the past. Therefore, after the survey of possible individualized homeopathic medicine from the epidemic genius of each epidemic, its therapeutic and/or large-scale prophylactic application should be supported by previous clinical trials that demonstrate its effectiveness and safety, in line with the ethical and bioethical aspects of research involving human beings. Fulfilling these premises of good clinical practice, we developed, in March 2020, this research protocol to investigate, in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial, the effectiveness and safety of possible individualized homeopathic medicines of epidemic genius of COVID-19. If effectiveness and safety are confirmed, and only in this condition, the medicine may be used in a generalized and collective manner in the treatment and prevention of the current epidemic. To this end, we refer this project to physicians, researchers and managers of several public and private hospitals, requesting an opportunity to apply this proposal to patients hospitalized in wards and/or intensive care units for the treatment of covid-19.
Resumen
Además de su reconocida aplicación en enfermedades crónicas, la Homeopatía individua-lizada también puede actuar de forma resolutiva o complementaria en casos agudos, in-cluidas las enfermedades epidémicas. Sin embargo, para lograr este objetivo presenta una metodología semiológica y terapéutica específica que deben seguirse y respetarse, con el riesgo de no proporcionar la eficacia y seguridad deseadas. En el caso de enfermedades epidémicas, que por la virulencia de sus agentes provocan un cuadro sintomatológico co-mún en la mayoría de los individuos susceptibles, la medicina homeopática individualizada (medicina homeopática del genio epidémico) debe presentar similitud con el conjunto de signos y síntomas característicos de los pacientes afectados en las diferentes etapas de cada brote epidémico. Los estudios demuestran la eficacia y seguridad de esta práctica terapéutica y/o profiláctica en varias epidemias pasadas. Por tanto, tras estudiar posibles medicamentos homeopáticos individualizados a partir del genio epidémico de cada epi-demia, su aplicación terapéutica y/o profiláctica a gran escala debe de estar respaldada por ensayos clínicos previos que demuestren su eficacia y seguridad, en consonancia con los aspectos éticos y bioéticos de la investigación con seres humanos. Cumpliendo estas premisas de buena práctica clínica, en marzo de 2020 desarrollamos este protocolo de in-vestigación para comprobar, en un ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego y controlado con placebo, la eficacia y seguridad de posibles medicamentos homeopáticos individualizados de la epidemia de covid-19. Si se confirma la eficacia y seguridad, y sólo en esta condición, el medicamento podrá utilizarse de forma generalizada y colectiva en el tratamiento y la prevención de la actual epidemia. Con este objetivo, remitimos este proyecto a médicos, investigadores y directivos de varios hospitales públicos y privados, solicitando la oportuni-dad de aplicar esta propuesta a pacientes hospitalizados en salas y/o centros de cuidados intensivos destinados al tratamiento de la covid-19.
In addition to the recognized application in chronic diseases, individualized homeopathy can also act in a resolutive or complementary way in acute cases, including epidemic diseases. However, to achieve this intent, it presents a specific semiologic and therapeutic methodology that must be followed and respected, with the risk of not presenting the desired efficacy and safety. In the case of epidemic diseases, which due to the virulence of their agents causes a common symptomatological picture in most susceptible individuals, the individualized homeopathic medicine (homeopathic medicine of the epidemic genius) should present similarity with the set of characteristic symptoms and signs of the patients affected in the different stages of each epidemic outbreak. Studies show the efficacy and safety of this prophylactic and/or therapeutic practice in several epidemics of the past. Therefore, after the survey of possible homeopathic drugs individualized from the epidemic genius of each epidemic, its prophylactic and/or large-scale therapeutic application should be supported by previous clinical trials that demonstrate its efficacy and safety, in line with the ethical and bioethical aspects of research involving human beings. Fulfilling these premises of good clinical practice, we developed the current protocol with the objective of investigating, in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial, the effectiveness and safety of possible individualized homeopathic drugs of epidemic genius of COVID-19, in adjuvant and complementary treatment of patients affected by the disease. If effectiveness and safety are confirmed, and only in this condition, the medicine may be used in a generalized and collective manner in the treatment and prevention of the current epidemic.
Além da reconhecida aplicação nas doenças crônicas, a homeopatia individualizada também pode atuar de forma resolutiva ou complementar nos casos agudos, incluindo as doenças epidêmicas. No entanto, para atingir esse intento, apresenta uma metodologia semiológica e terapêutica específica que deve ser seguida e respeitada, com o risco de não apresentar a eficácia e a segurança desejada. No caso das doenças epidêmicas, que pela virulência dos seus agentes provoca um quadro sintomatológico comum na maioria dos indivíduos suscetíveis, o medicamento homeopático individualizado (medicamento homeopático do gênio epidêmico) deve apresentar semelhança com o conjunto de sinais e sintomas característicos dos pacientes acometidos nos diferentes estágios de cada surto epidêmico. Estudos evidenciam a eficácia e a segurança desta prática profilática e/ou terapêutica em diversas epidemias do passado. Assim sendo, após o levantamento dos possíveis medicamentos homeopáticos individualizados do gênio epidêmico de cada epidemia, sua aplicação profilática e/ou terapêutica em larga escala deve ser sustentada por ensaios clínicos prévios que demonstrem sua eficácia e segurança, em consonância com os aspectos éticos e bioéticos da pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. Cumprindo essas premissas da boa prática clínica, elaboramos o atual protocolo com o objetivo de investigar, em ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego e placebo-controlado, a eficácia e a segurança de possíveis medicamentos homeopáticos individualizados do gênio epidêmico da COVID-19, em tratamento adjuvante e complementar de pacientes acometidos pela doença. Caso a eficácia e a segurança se confirme, e tão somente nessa condição, o medicamento poderá ser utilizado de forma generalizada e coletiva no tratamento e na prevenção da atual epidemia.
Abstract:
In addition to the recognized application in chronic diseases, individualized homeopathy can also act in a resolutive or complementary way in acute cases, including epidemic diseases. However, to achieve this intent, it presents a specific semiologic and therapeutic methodology that must be followed and respected, with the risk of not presenting the desired efficacy and safety. In the case of epidemic diseases, which due to the virulence of their agents causes a common symptomatological picture in most susceptible individuals, the individualized homeopathic medicine (homeopathic medicine of the epidemic genius) should present similarity with the set of characteristic symptoms and signs of the patients affected in the different stages of each epidemic outbreak. Studies show the efficacy and safety of this prophylactic and/or therapeutic practice in several epidemics of the past. Therefore, after the survey of possible homeopathic drugs individualized from the epidemic genius of each epidemic, its prophylactic and/or large-scale therapeutic application should be supported by previous clinical trials that demonstrate its efficacy and safety, in line with the ethical and bioethical aspects of research involving human beings. Fulfilling these premises of good clinical practice, we developed the current protocol with the objective of investigating, in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial, the effectiveness and safety of possible individualized homeopathic drugs of epidemic genius of COVID-19, in adjuvant and complementary treatment of patients affected by the disease. If effectiveness and safety are confirmed, and only in this condition, the medicine may be used in a generalized and collective manner in the treatment and prevention of the current epidemic.
Abstract:
In addition to the recognized application in chronic diseases, individualized homeopathy can also act in a resolutive or complementary way in acute cases, including epidemic diseases. However, to achieve this intent, it presents a specific semiological and therapeutic methodology that must be followed and respected, with the risk of not presenting the desired efficacy and safety. In the case of epidemic diseases, which due to the virulence of their agents causes a common symptomatological picture in most susceptible individuals, the individualized homeopathic medicine (homeopathic medicine of the epidemic genius) should present similarity with the set of characteristic symptoms and signs of the patients affected in the different stages of each epidemic outbreak. Studies show the efficacy and safety of this prophylactic and/or therapeutic practice in several epidemics of the past. Therefore, after the survey of possible homeopathic drugs individualized from the epidemic genius of each epidemic, its prophylactic and/or large-scale therapeutic application should be supported by previous clinical trials that demonstrate its efficacy and safety, in line with the ethical and bioethical aspects of research involving human beings. Fulfilling these premises of good clinical practice, we developed the current protocol with the objective of investigating, in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of possible individualized homeopathic drugs of epidemic genius of COVID-19, in adjuvant and complementary treatment of patients affected by the disease. If efficacy and safety are confirmed, and only in this condition, the medicine may be used in a generalized and collective manner in the treatment and prevention of the current epidemic.
Resumo:
Além da reconhecida aplicação nas doenças crônicas, a homeopatia individualizada também pode atuar de forma resolutiva ou complementar nos casos agudos, incluindo as doenças epidêmicas. No entanto, para atingir esse intento, apresenta uma metodologia semiológica e terapêutica específica que deve ser seguida e respeitada, com o risco de não apresentar a eficácia e a segurança desejada. No caso das doenças epidêmicas, que pela virulência dos seus agentes provoca um quadro sintomatológico comum na maioria dos indivíduos suscetíveis, o medicamento homeopático individualizado (medicamento homeopático do gênio epidêmico) deve apresentar semelhança com o conjunto de sinais e sintomas característicos dos pacientes acometidos nos diferentes estágios de cada surto epidêmico. Estudos evidenciam a eficácia e a segurança desta prática profilática e/ou terapêutica em diversas epidemias do passado. Assim sendo, após o levantamento dos possíveis medicamentos homeopáticos individualizados do gênio epidêmico de cada epidemia, sua aplicação profilática e/ou terapêutica em larga escala deve ser sustentada por ensaios clínicos prévios que demonstrem sua eficácia e segurança, em consonância com os aspectos éticos e bioéticos da pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. Cumprindo essas premissas da boa prática clínica, elaboramos o atual protocolo com o objetivo de investigar, em ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego e placebo-controlado, a eficácia e a segurança de possíveis medicamentos homeopáticos individualizados do gênio epidêmico da COVID-19, em tratamento adjuvante e complementar de pacientes acometidos pela doença. Caso a eficácia e a segurança se confirme, e tão somente nessa condição, o medicamento poderá ser utilizado de forma generalizada e coletiva no tratamento e na prevenção da atual epidemia.
In July 2017, to demystify the fallacy – or post-truth – asserting “there are no scientific evidence for homeopathy”, the Technical Chamber for Homeopathy, Regional Medical Council of the State of São Paulo (CREMESP, Brazil) published the Special Dossier “Evidências Científicas em Homeopatia”, available online in the scientific journal of the São Paulo Homeopathic Medical Association (APH), Revista de Homeopatia.
After this publication, in view of the request of homeopathic doctors and institutions from other countries, the Technical Chamber for Homeopathy, CREMESP, produced an edition of the dossier in English, “Scientific Evidence for Homeopathy”, which has just been made available online in the Revista de Homeopatia.
Encompassing 9 revisions (and 2 randomized clinical trials) on several lines of homeopathic research, containing hundreds of scientific articles published in various journals, this dossier highlights to the scientific and medical class, as well as to the general public, the state of the art of homeopathic research:
Despite the ongoing difficulties and limitations opposing the development of research in homeopathy – partly due to methodological aspects, and partly to lack of institutional and financial support – the experimental and clinical studies described in this dossier, which ground the homeopathic assumptions and confirm the efficacy and safety of this approach to therapeutics – provide unquestionable proof for the “availability of scientific evidence for homeopathy”, against the false and prejudiced opinion that is widely divulgated.
With the divulgation of the present dossier, prepared with the support of Technical Chamber for Homeopathy, CREMESP, we hope to dispel doubts and sensitize our colleagues as to the validity and relevance of homeopathy as adjuvant treatment complementary to all other medical specialties according to ethical and safe principles. Our overall goals are to broaden the understanding of human disease, increase the therapeutic resources, contribute to the definition and effectiveness of medicine in chronic diseases, minimize the adverse effects of modern drugs and strengthen the patient-doctor relationship, among other aspects. In this way, we will be able to work together, since “The physician’s high and only mission is to restore the sick to health, to cure, as it is termed (Samuel Hahnemann, Organon of medicine, § 1).
Aplicando el principio de similitud terapéutica, la Homeopatía busca estimular al organismo para que reaccione en contra de su propia perturbación. Para que los medicamentos homeopáticos puedan despertar respuestas homeostáticas efica-ces deben ser individualizados, esto significa que deben ser elegidos en función de su similitud con el conjunto de síntomas característicos de los pacientes. De esta manera, teniendo el propósito de disminuir la susceptibilidad individual que predis-pone a la enfermedad, los medicamentos homeopáticos curan y generan efectos preventivos en muchas enfermedades humanas. Por otra parte, los medicamentos homeopáticos pueden tener indicaciones específicas en el tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades epidémicas, con la condición de que también se elijan de acuerdo con el conjunto particular de sínto-mas peculiares de una epidemia determinada, a saber, el llamado "genio epidémi-co", como lo muestran varios ejemplos históricos. En este trabajo se analiza la ac-tualización de las bases epistemológicas de la Homeopatía de Hahnemann desde el enfoque médico preventivo, las evidencias científicas que apoyan su aplicación clínica y los requisitos mínimos para emplearla tanto terapéutica como preventiva-mente en las epidemias.
When human polymorphonuclear basophils, a type of white blood cell with antibodies of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) type on its surface, are exposed to anti-IgE antibodies, they release histamine from their intracellular granules and change their staining properties. The latter can be demonstrated at dilutions of anti-IgE that range from 1 x 10(2) to 1 x 10(120); over that range, there are successive peaks of degranulation from 40 to 60% of the basophils, despite the calculated absence of any anti-IgE molecules at the highest dilutions. Since dilutions need to be accompanied by vigorous shaking for the effects to be observed, transmission of the biological information could be related to the molecular organization of water.
Background: Discuss the homeopathic research initiatives, difficulties and proposals before the modern scientific rationality and the homeopathic epistemology. Methods: After extensive bibliographical investigation, the several researches were clustered according to the homeopathic presuppositions, confirming if the inherent premises to the model were respected in the several studies outlines. Results: In spite of the reduced number of works of satisfactory methodological quality, evidences that corroborate the foundations and the viability of the homeopathic therapeutics exist, being necessary an increment in the future research, so that we have definitive conclusions to the method questioning. Conclusions: Presenting different characteristics from those used by the conventional scientific paradigm, the research projects in homeopathy should value the peculiarities of the system, incorporating changes to contemplate both forms of thinking.
RESUMO Objetivo: Discutir as iniciativas, as dificuldades e as propostas da pesquisa em homeopatia perante a racionalidade científica moderna e a epistemologia homeopática. Métodos: Após extenso levantamento bibliográfico, as diversas pesquisas foram agrupadas segundo os pressupostos homeopáticos, verificando se as premissas inerentes ao modelo foram respeitadas nos diversos desenhos de estudos. Resultados: Apesar do reduzido número de trabalhos de qualidade metodológica satisfatória, existem evidências que corroboram os fundamentos e a viabilidade da terapêutica homeopática, sendo necessário um incremento na pesquisa futura, a fim de que tenhamos conclusões definitivas acerca dos questionamentos que permeiam o método. Conclusões: Apresentando características distintas daquelas empregadas pelo paradigma científico convencional, os projetos de pesquisa em homeopatia devem valorizar as peculiaridades do sistema, incorporando mudanças que venham a contemplar ambas formas de pensar.
Homoeopathy is widely used, but specific effects of homoeopathic remedies seem implausible. Bias in the conduct and reporting of trials is a possible explanation for positive findings of trials of both homoeopathy and conventional medicine. We analysed trials of homoeopathy and conventional medicine and estimated treatment effects in trials least likely to be affected by bias.
Placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy were identified by a comprehensive literature search, which covered 19 electronic databases, reference lists of relevant papers, and contacts with experts. Trials in conventional medicine matched to homoeopathy trials for disorder and type of outcome were randomly selected from the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (issue 1, 2003). Data were extracted in duplicate and outcomes coded so that odds ratios below 1 indicated benefit. Trials described as double-blind, with adequate randomisation, were assumed to be of higher methodological quality. Bias effects were examined in funnel plots and meta-regression models.
110 homoeopathy trials and 110 matched conventional-medicine trials were analysed. The median study size was 65 participants (range ten to 1573). 21 homoeopathy trials (19%) and nine (8%) conventional-medicine trials were of higher quality. In both groups, smaller trials and those of lower quality showed more beneficial treatment effects than larger and higher-quality trials. When the analysis was restricted to large trials of higher quality, the odds ratio was 0.88 (95% CI 0.65-1.19) for homoeopathy (eight trials) and 0.58 (0.39-0.85) for conventional medicine (six trials).
Biases are present in placebo-controlled trials of both homoeopathy and conventional medicine. When account was taken for these biases in the analysis, there was weak evidence for a specific effect of homoeopathic remedies, but strong evidence for specific effects of conventional interventions. This finding is compatible with the notion that the clinical effects of homoeopathy are placebo effects.
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