Article

QBF. Quick Big Five Persoonlijkheidsvragenlijst. Handleiding

January 2005

Authors:

Ad A Vermulst

Radboud University

Jan Gerris

Ghent University

Personality traits predict regression of pelvic girdle pain after pregnancy: a longitudinal follow-up study

Article

Full-text available

May 2021

Background Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is a multifactorial condition with a partly unknown etiology. This condition can be mentally and physically compromising both during and after pregnancy. To provide all-around preventive measures to improve the recovery from PGP, it is a necessity for obstetricians and orthopaedists to develop predictive studies about the worse prognosis for this condition. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether personality traits can predict the consequences of long-term pregnancy-related PGP. Methods This was a prospective study conducted from January 2015 to August 2018. A total of 387 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. According to whether they had experienced PGP during the past 4 weeks, the subjects were classified into no PGP and PGP groups. Persistent PGP after the pregnancy was defined as a recurrent or continuous visual analog score (VAS) pain rating of ≥3 for more than 1 week. The Quick Big Five Personality Test (QBFPT) was used to assess personality traits. Data were obtained by mail or in the clinic. The authors collected data including age, BMI, educational level, annual household income, cesarean delivery, breastfeeding, unexpected sex of the baby, parity, sick leave, no or rare ability to take rest breaks at work, and PGP in the previous pregnancy. Results Of 387 included women, 264 subjects experienced PGP during the pregnancy with a mean age of 26.3 ± 4.5 years. A total of 80 of 264 (30.3%) women experienced persistent PGP after the pregnancy. Persistent PGP after the pregnancy was associated with higher levels of neuroticism (OR = 2.12, P = 0.001). Comparing women with persistent PGP, those who reported higher levels of extraversion and conscientiousness were more likely to recover from this condition (OR = 0.65, P = 0.001; OR = 0.78, P = 0.010, respectively). Besides, neuroticism was positively associated with higher pain scores (r = 0.52, P = 0.005). However, extraversion and conscientiousness domains showed negative correlations with pain score (r = − 0.48, P = 0.003; r = − 0.36, P = 0.001). Conclusions Personality traits were significantly associated with the outcomes of PGP.

Personality traits predict regression of pelvic girdle pain after pregnancy: a longitudinal follow-up study.

Preprint

Full-text available

Sep 2020

Background: Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is a multifactorial condition with a partly unknown etiology. This condition can be mentally and physically compromising both during and after pregnancy. To provide all-around preventive measures to improve the recovery from PGP, it is a necessity for obstetricians and orthopaedists to develop predictive studies about the worse prognosis for this condition. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether personality traits can predict the consequences of long-term pregnancy-related PGP. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted from January 2015 to August 2018. A total of 387 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. According to whether they had experienced PGP during the past four weeks, the subjects were classified into no PGP and PGP groups. Persistent PGP after the pregnancy was deﬁned as a recurrent or continuous visual analog score (VAS) pain rating of ≥ 3 for more than one week. The Quick Big Five Personality Test (QBFPT) was used to assess personality traits. Data were obtained by mail or in the clinic. The authors collected data including age, BMI, educational level, annual household income, cesarean delivery, breastfeeding, unexpected sex of the baby, parity, sick leave, no or rare ability to take rest breaks at work, and PGP in the previous pregnancy. Results: Of 387 included women, 264 subjects experienced PGP during the pregnancy with a mean age of 26.3 ± 4.5 years. A total of 80 of 264 (30.3%) women experienced persistent PGP after the pregnancy. Persistent PGP after the pregnancy was associated with higher levels of neuroticism (OR= 2.12, P=0.001). Comparing women with persistent PGP, those who reported higher levels of extraversion and conscientiousness were more likely to recover from this condition (OR=0.65, P = 0.001; OR= 0.82, P = 0.01, respectively). Besides, neuroticism was positively associated with higher pain scores (r=0.52, P=0.005). However, extraversion and conscientiousness domains showed negative correlations with pain score (r=-0.48, P=0.003; r=-0.36, P=0.001). Conclusions: Personality traits were significantly associated with the outcomes of PGP.

Teachers-in-training perceptions of gifted children’s characteristics and teacher-child interactions: An experimental study

Article

Jan 2021
TEACH TEACH EDUC

Extending research on the ‘disharmony stereotype’, we examined teachers-in-training’s perceptions of gifted children’s characteristics and their expected teacher-child interactions. Also, we investigated whether adding context information that contrasts the impaired social functioning of gifted students could buffer teachers’ stereotypes. An experiment was conducted (N = 522 teachers-in-training), using a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects-design. Participants received a vignette (gifted/average, girl/boy, having friends/neutral) and questionnaires regarding their perceptions of the child in the vignette. Based on the vignette, teachers-in-training displayed negative views of the personality and socio-emotional functioning of gifted children and the quality of the expected teacher-student relationship. Adding counter-stereotyping information had no buffering effect.

Personality Traits Predict Regression of Pelvic Girdle Pain after Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Follow-up Study.

Preprint

Full-text available

Sep 2020

Background: Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is a multifactorial condition with a partly unknown etiology. This condition can be mentally and physically compromising both during and after pregnancy. To provide all-round preventive measures to improve the recovery from PGP, it is of a necessity for obstetricians and orthopaedists to develop predictive studies about the worse prognosis for this condition. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether personality traits can predict the consequences of long-term pregnancy-related PGP. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted from January 2015 to August 2018. A total of 387 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. According to whether they had experienced PGP during the past four weeks, the subjects were classified into no PGP and PGP groups. Persistent PGP after the pregnancy was deﬁned as a recurrent or continuous visual analog score (VAS) pain rating of ≥ 3 for more than one week. The Quick Big Five Personality Test (QBFPT) was used to assess personality traits. Data were obtained by mail or in the clinic. The authors collected data including age, BMI, educational level, annual household income, cesarean delivery, breastfeeding, unexpected sex of the baby, parity, sick leave, no or rare ability to take rest breaks at work, and LBP in the previous pregnancy. Results: Of 387 included women, 264 subjects experienced PGP during the pregnancy with the mean age of 26.3 ± 4.5 years. A total of 80 of 264 (30.3%) women experienced persistent PGP after the pregnancy. Persistent PGP after the pregnancy was associated with higher levels of neuroticism (OR= 2.12, P=0.001). Compared to persistent PGP after the pregnancy, women who reported higher levels of extraversion and conscientiousness were more likely to recover from this condition (OR=0.65, P = 0.001; OR= 0.82, P = 0.01, respectively). Besides, neuroticism was positively associated with higher pain scores (r=0.52, P=0.005). However, extraversion and conscientiousness domains showed negative correlations with pain score (r=-0.48, P=0.003; r=-0.36, P=0.001). Conclusions: Personality traits were significantly associated with the outcomes of PGP.

All’s Bad That Ends Bad: There Is a Peak-End Memory Bias in Anxiety

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2019

The peak-end memory bias has been well documented for the retrospective evaluation of pain. It describes that the retrospective evaluation of pain is largely based on the discomfort experienced at the most intense point (peak) and at the end of the episode. This is notable because it means that longer episodes with a better ending can be remembered as less aversive than shorter ones; this is even if the former had the same peak in painfulness and an overall longer duration of pain. Until now, this bias has not been studied in the domain of anxiety despite the high relevance of variable levels of anxiety in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Therefore, we set out to replicate the original studies but with an induction of variable levels of anxiety. Of 64 women, half watched a clip from a horror movie which ended at the most frightening moment. The other half watched an extended version of this clip with a moderately frightening ending. Afterward, all participants were asked to rate the global anxiety which was elicited by the video. When the film ended at the most frightening moment, participants retrospectively reported more anxiety than participants who watched the extended version. This is the first study to document that the peak-end bias can be found in the domain of anxiety. These findings require replication and extension to a treatment context to evaluate its implications for exposure therapy.

J. Borghuis (2019). Personality trait development in the context of daily experiences and close social relationships. PhD dissertation.

Thesis

Full-text available

Feb 2019

Jeroen Borghuis

The exceptions that prove the rule? Spontaneous helping behaviour towards humans in some domestic dogs

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2020
APPL ANIM BEHAV SCI

Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are skilled at reading and correctly responding to human communicative gestures to locate hidden food. Whether they, like chimpanzees, will understand requests for help in retrieving a fallen object, is not known. The aim of this study was to examine whether dogs show spontaneous helping behaviour towards a human experimenter that tries to obtain an object that is out of reach. The object at stake either “accidentally” fell on the floor, or was thrown on the floor by either a familiar (owner) or unfamiliar human. In order to get a better understanding of individual differences between helping and non-helping dogs, the behaviour of all dogs was observed by means of continuous focal animal sampling and scored by means of an ethogram. Personality traits were measured by letting owners rate their dogs on 50 personality adjectives using a 7-point Likert scale. The results demonstrate that six out of 51 dogs showed helping behaviour and did so more in the accidental (experimental) condition, than when the object was thrown on the floor on purpose (control) condition (P = 0.001). Dogs in general wagged their tail more (P = 0.009) and looked less often towards the test leader (P < 0.001) in the experimental condition compared to the control condition, suggesting that they experienced more arousal whenever humans were in need of help. In addition, a principal component analysis indicated to retain 41 adjectives which revealed five personality factors, in line with previous research, that accounted for 60.7 % of the total variance. However, the six exceptional dogs had no outstanding personality traits and were of different breeds suggesting that this did not explain the differences in helping behaviour. We conclude that dogs appear motivated and willing to help humans, but that the majority does not understand the source of the problem or how to assist. We discuss this result in light of the previously reported social skills of dogs and nonhuman primates.

Becoming a “Hungry Mind”: Stability and Change in Need for Cognition across Adolescence

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2024

Need for Cognition has been established as a key intellectual investment trait shaping students’ academic development. However, little is yet known about its malleability, particularly in youth. This study investigated stability and change in Need for Cognition in a large longitudinal sample of 3409 adolescents from 166 classes in 27 schools in Flanders. Participants reported on their Need for Cognition in Grades 7, 8, 11 and 12. First, the latent rank-order stability of Need for Cognition between Grades 7 and 11 was found to be r = 0.50. This stability was of a similar magnitude to that of the Big Five personality traits observed in the same sample and larger than that of academic intrinsic motivation. Second, trajectories of Need for Cognition over time were found to vary between individuals. In particular, three trajectory classes could be identified, differentiated mainly by the initial level of Need for Cognition (i.e., a low, medium, and high trajectory). Finally, cognitive ability, cognitive stimulation at home, and parental autonomy support, but not parental educational level, were associated with higher odds of belonging to the high Need for Cognition trajectory and lower odds of belonging to the low Need for Cognition trajectory.

Changes in Adolescents’ COVID-19-Health-Related Stress, Parent-Adolescent Relationships, and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Effect of Personality Traits

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2024
J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE

Previous studies investigated short-term effects of COVID-19 on families. However, much is unknown about how families with adolescents fared throughout the pandemic, as well as factors that might explain interindividual differences in adjustment. The current study used latent change score models to investigate associations between changes in adolescents’ mental health, parent-adolescent relationship quality, and COVID-19-health-related stress from Fall 2019 to Spring 2021, and whether personality predicted changes in adolescents’ mental health, relationship quality, and stress. Participants were 242 adolescents (Mage = 11.56, SD = 0.44, 50% girls). Parent-adolescent negative interactions decreased from before the pandemic to the first lockdown, and stronger decreases (both in this period and between Fall 2020 and Spring 2021) were associated with simultaneous stronger increases in mental health. From Spring to Fall 2020, decreases in stress were stronger for less extraverted adolescents and were associated with better mental health. More agreeable adolescents reported a stronger decrease in stress between Fall 2020 and Spring 2021. The findings suggest that it is important to consider heterogeneity in designing future intervention and prevention programs. Especially adolescents with existing problems and from multi-problem families might be at risk for adverse consequences during pandemic-like situations.

Comparison of Cluster Analysis and Latent Class Analysis for the Detection of Fake Responses on Personality Tests

Article

Mar 2024

This study compared the effectiveness of cluster analysis and latent class analysis in detecting fake responses in personality tests. A post-test control group design was employed involving 543 11th-grade students from eight different high schools in Şanlıurfa province during the 2021–2022 academic year. The experimental group was instructed to portray a positive personality profile on the test and provide deceptive responses, as their admission to a university program was contingent on this. Conversely, the control group was asked to represent themselves truthfully and provide honest responses. In this study, the initial focus was on assessing the validity and reliability of the scores obtained from the personality test. Subsequently, a comparison was made between the scores of the participants in the experimental and control groups for each sub-dimension of the personality test to determine if there was a significant difference. The findings revealed a significant difference in mean scores between the two groups, favoring the experimental group. Moreover, the results obtained from Cluster Analysis and Latent Class Analysis demonstrated that Latent Class Analysis outperformed Cluster Analysis in detecting fake respondents, exhibiting a lower error rate.

Preferences for coaching strategies in a personalized virtual coach for emotional eaters: an explorative study

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2023

Objectives Emotional eating is recognized as a potential contributor to weight gain. Emotional eaters often hide their problems because of feelings of shame about their behavior, making it challenging to provide them with the necessary support. The introduction of a virtual coach might offer a potential solution in assisting them. To find out whether emotional eaters are receptive to online personalized coaching, we presented emotional eaters with two essential proto-typical problem situations for emotional eaters: “experiencing cravings” and “after giving in to cravings,” and asked them whether they preferred one of the three coaching strategies presented: Validating, Focus-on-Change and Dialectical. Methods An experimental vignette study (2 × 3 design) was carried out. The vignettes featured two distinct personas, each representing one of the two common problem scenarios experienced by emotional eaters, along with three distinct coaching strategies for each scenario. To identify potential predictors for recognition of problem situations, questionnaires on emotional eating (DEBQ), personality traits (Big-5), well-being (PANAS), and BMI were administrated. Results A total of 62% of the respondents identified themselves with “after giving in to cravings” and 47% with “experiencing cravings.” BMI, emotional eating and emotional stability appeared to be predictors in recognizing both the problem situations. In “experiencing cravings,” the participating women preferred Dialectical and the Validation coaching strategies. In the “after giving in to cravings” condition, they revealed a preference for the Dialectical and the Focus-on-Change coaching strategies. Conclusion Using vignettes allowed a less threatening way of bringing up sensitive topics for emotional eaters. The personas representing the problem situations were reasonably well recognized. To further enhance this recognition, it is important for the design and content of the personas to be even more closely related to the typical problem scenarios of emotional eaters, rather than focusing on physical characteristics or social backgrounds. This way, users may be less distracted by these factors. With the knowledge gained about the predictors that may influence recognition of the problem situations, design for coaching can be more customized. The participants represented individuals with high emotional eating levels, enhancing external validity.

Seeking, mastering, and enjoying cognitive effort: Scrutinizing the role of need for cognition in academic achievement

Article

Oct 2023
LEARN INDIVID DIFFER

Identity development across the transition from primary to secondary school: The role of personality and the social context

Article

Apr 2023

The secondary school transition may be important for identity change. We investigated identity change and subgroups therein, and whether personal and environmental factors explain subgroup membership. Data was used from four timepoints across the last year of primary and first year of secondary school from 241 adolescents (Mage = 11.6, range 10.5–12.8). Identity change was generally in the direction of higher pre-transition commitment and lower post-transition commitment and exploration, with most change as well as differences therein manifesting post-transition. Neuroticism and best friend support did not predict group membership; parental support predicted more adaptive change. These findings suggest educational identity change around the transition and especially during its runup is relatively normative, with strong expectations of how adolescents should change.

Personality Development Across Adolescence and Young Adulthood: The Role of Life Transitions and Self-Concept Clarity

Article

Aug 2022

Personality develops across the lifespan, but most development occurs in adolescence and young adulthood. Life transitions to new social roles may be important drivers of mean-level personality development. The present study examined mean-level personality development in adolescence and young adulthood, and the role of the transition to tertiary education and working life therein in a sample of Dutch young people that were followed across 14 years ( N = 497, Age W1 = 13.03 years). We explored whether young people’s self-concept clarity moderated these associations. Our hypotheses and analytical plan were pre-registered. Findings from Latent Growth Models showed support for maturation in personality across adolescence and young adulthood, but not a maturity dip. Having the role of employee was associated with higher conscientiousness, but no associations were found of the transition to tertiary education and the transition to work with mean-level development of any of the personality traits. Self-concept clarity did not moderate the role of transitions in mean-level personality development. Our findings suggest that socialization effects may not explain associations between life transitions and personality development in adolescence and young adulthood.

The effect of personality traits and parental attitudes on treatment in children and adolescents: a 6-month follow-up study

Article

Full-text available

May 2022

Müjen İLNEM

Objectives: This study aims to examine the effects of personality traits and parental attitudes on the change of emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents with mental disorders receiving outpatient treatment during the six months. Methods: In the study, 233 individuals between the ages of 7-17 who applied to the Child Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of a private hospital in Istanbul between September 2015 and September 2017 and who had psychiatric disorders regarding DSM-V diagnostic criteria were evaluated before treatment with the Sociodemographic Data Form, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Quick Big Five Personality Test (QBFPT), and Parental Attitude Scale (PAS). Emotional and behavioral problems of children and adolescents who were followed up for psychiatric treatment were evaluated by SDQ at the first, third, and sixth months. Results: According to the Pearson Correlation Analysis, it was found that the SDQ total scores of children and adolescents in the pre-treatment period were statistically significantly positively correlated with the Democratic Attitude subscale scores (r = 0.129, p = 0.049). Considering the QBFPT and PAS sub-dimension scores in ANCOVA analyzes, the change in the SDQ total scores before and after treatment was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and Democratic Attitude subscale scores (F = 2.70, p = 0.048) and Emotional Stability subscale scores (F = 3.27, p = 0.023) had statistically significant effects on this change. Conclusions: In children and adolescents with mental disorders, focusing on democratic attitudes and personality traits associated with emotional stability may help reduce emotional and behavioral problems during treatment.

Parent–Child Personality Similarity and Differential Autonomy Support Toward Siblings

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2022

Since parental differential treatment is related to more adjustment difficulties over and above main effects of parental treatment, it is important to understand under what conditions differential parenting is likely to occur. Using a within-family design, this study focused on between-sibling differences in parent-child personality similarity as a potential predictor of differential autonomy support from fathers and mothers. Longitudinal data (6 annual waves) of 497 target adolescents (56.9% boys, Mage at T₁ = 13.03), one of their siblings (N = 416, Mage at T₁ = 14.92), their fathers (N = 446, Mage at T₁ = 46.74), and their mothers (N = 495, Mage at T₁ = 44.41) were used. Parent-child personality similarity was determined based on distinctive profile correlations using the Big Five personality inventory. Structural Equation Modeling showed that the association between sibling differences in mother-child similarity and maternal autonomy support was positive and significant at the between-family level, and not at the within-family level. This means that, in families where one sibling was relatively more similar to the mother, the sibling with closer resemblance to the mother received relatively more autonomy support. No significant effects were found for fathers' differential autonomy support. The present study highlights the importance of considering parent-child similarity in personality for understanding differences between siblings in maternal autonomy support. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Does Motivation Predict Changes in Academic Achievement Beyond Intelligence and Personality? A Multitheoretical Perspective

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2021

While bivariate associations between motivation and academic achievement have been soundly established, only a few studies have documented evidence for its incremental predictive role above and beyond other student features related to student achievement, such as intelligence and personality. Moreover, it is not yet clear which motivational processes are most essential for academic achievement. The current study considered how an array of motivational processes related to academic achievement, controlling for intelligence and personality, in a large sample of Flemish seventh graders. Students’ intelligence and need for cognition, that is, the personal preference to engage in cognitively demanding work, proved to be strong predictors of academic achievement. Yet, even after controlling for intelligence and personality, several motivational processes explained additional, unique variance in achievement, totaling about a quarter of the explained variance in school results. In particular, academic self-concept proved to relate most strongly to achievement, while achievement goals, achievement motivation, autonomous motivation, and effort beliefs additionally explained a unique portion of the variance in academic achievement. Although these findings were largely consistent across different operationalizations of achievement, motivational constructs explained more variance when achievement was measured with school grades instead of standardized tests. Given the more malleable nature of motivational dynamics compared with intelligence and personality differences, the unique, positive associations between motivation and achievement suggest that improving student motivation is a worthwhile undertaking.

Is intelligence related to perfectionism? Multidimensional perfectionism and parental antecedents among adolescents across varying levels of cognitive ability

Article

Nov 2020

Objective Although intellectually gifted individuals are often portrayed as perfectionists, evidence for an association between cognitive ability and perfectionism is inconclusive. This study investigates the relations between cognitive ability and two distinct dimensions of perfectionism and addresses the role of parental antecedents of perfectionism in adolescents at different levels of cognitive ability. Method In a community sample of 3,168 adolescents and their parents, cognitive ability was assessed and perfectionism levels and parenting practices were surveyed. Results Adolescents higher in cognitive ability reported higher levels of Personal Standards (i.e., setting ambitious objectives) but lower levels of Concern over Mistakes (i.e., worrying excessively about mistakes). Parental criticism, high parental expectations, and conditionally regarding parenting were associated positively with Concern over Mistakes, and high parental expectations were related positively to Personal Standards. These associations were generally independent of adolescents' cognitive ability. Parents of adolescents higher in cognitive ability relied less on parenting practices associated with the development of perfectionism. Conclusion Cognitive ability is related to a higher pursuit of personal standards, yet does not constitute a risk factor for excessive concerns about mistakes. Parental antecedents were related similarly and in theoretically meaningful ways to adolescent perfectionism across different levels of cognitive ability.

Are premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea related to the personality structure of women? A descriptive relation‐seeker type study

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2020

Purpose This study was conducted to define the relationship of experiencing premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea with the personality structure of women. Design and Methods The sample of this descriptive relation‐seeker‐type study comprised 353 women. Data were collected using the PMS Scale, Quick Big Five Personality Test, and The Questionnaire Form between 1 April and 31 August 2019 in a city in the Mediterranean region in Turkey. Findings There was a weak negative‐biased correlation between PMS and extraversion, a very weak negative‐biased correlation between PMS and conscientiousness, a moderate negative‐biased correlation between PMS and neuroticism, and a very weak positive‐biased significant correlation between PMS and openness (P < .05). Practice Implications These data suggest that women who are introverted, have weak self‐confidence, tend to have negative feelings such as anxiety, depression, and anger, and have weak coping skills are at risk for experiencing PMS.

Adolescent Suicide Ideation in Utah: The Role of Religion and Family

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2020

Drawing on the interpersonal theory of suicide, religion and family constructs were examined for their longitudinal direct effect on passive suicide ideation as well as their indirect effect on ideation through perceived burdensomeness (operationalized as shame) and thwarted belongingness (operationalized as abandonment by God). The first wave of data was collected in 2016 and the second in 2018. The sample of adolescents (analytic sample of 617 with 87% Latter-day Saints; ages 11–15 at Wave 1) was drawn from Utah, a location high in religiosity as well as adolescent suicidality. Analyses found shame related to suicide ideation but not abandonment by God. Church support and family flexibility were directly related to ideation in the expected direction, and family flexibility was directly related to shame. However, the indirect effect of family flexibility on ideation through shame was nonsignificant. Gender had an indirect effect through shame such that females experienced higher shame and subsequently experienced more ideation. Results suggest reducing feelings of shame at younger ages may be important to interrupting suicidality. Implications for churches and families are discussed.

Student characteristics affecting the recognition of high cognitive ability by teachers and peers

Article

Feb 2020
LEARN INDIVID DIFFER

Accurate teacher judgments of student cognitive ability are crucial to effective instruction. Building on a large survey among 7th graders and their teachers, this study considers which student characteristics affect teacher and peer recognition of high ability students. High ability judgments by teachers were found to depend more on everyday school achievement (GPA) than on cognitive ability (IQ) itself, even when teachers were urged to distinguish between achievement and ability. Girls were less likely to be perceived as highly able than boys with similar levels of ability. Parental educational level affected high ability judgment, but only through its relation with school achievement. Both the most engaged and the most bored students were more frequently selected as highly able students. Similarly, peer judgments of highly able classmates depended, net of cognitive ability, on everyday school achievement, perceived engagement and disengagement, and gender, with girls being less likely to be judged as highly able.

Parent-Adolescent Conflict across Adolescence: Trajectories of Informant Discrepancies and Associations with Personality Types

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2020
J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE

Parent-adolescent conflict can be intense, yet parents and adolescents do not always agree on the intensity of conflict. Conflict intensity tends to change during adolescence and is thought to be an indicator of how the parent-adolescent relationship transforms. However, parents and adolescents might differently perceive change in conflict intensity, resulting in changing discrepancies in conflict intensity throughout adolescence. Also, personality characteristics of parents and adolescents might affect the extent to which there are discrepancies in perceptions of conflict intensity. This multi-informant longitudinal study investigated a) the trajectories of parent-adolescent conflict intensity, b) the trajectories of informant discrepancies, and c) the prediction of these trajectories by parental and adolescent personality. Dutch adolescents (N = 497, 43.1% female, M age = 13.03 at T1), their mothers, and their fathers reported on parent-adolescent conflict intensity and personality for six years. Latent Growth Curve Modeling and Latent Congruence Modeling revealed curvilinear changes in conflict intensity, as well as in discrepancies thereof. Two cycles of discrepancies emerged. First, in early-to-middle-adolescence discrepancies in perceptions of parents and adolescents increased, reflecting that adolescents' perceived conflict intensity increased. Second, in middle-to-late-adolescence, father-adolescent discrepancies increased further, reflecting that fathers' perceptions of conflict decreased. Resilient adolescents, mothers, and fathers reported lower levels of conflict intensity than Undercontrollers and Overcontrollers, but personality was not associated with the rate of change in conflict intensity. Finally, undercontrolling fathers and overcontrolling adolescents showed higher father-adolescent discrepancies. This study showed that parents and adolescents differentially perceive conflict intensity and that in the adolescent-father relationship, the extent of the differences depends on adolescent and father personality.

Investigating the Interplay Between Adolescent Personality, Parental Control, and Externalizing Problem Behavior Across Adolescence

Article

Jun 2019

This study explored transactional associations among adolescent personality (i.e., conscientiousness, agreeableness), parental control (i.e., proactive, punitive, psychological control), and externalizing problem behavior (i.e., aggressive or rule-breaking behavior). A three-wave longitudinal study across a two-year time span provided questionnaire data from 1,116 adolescents (Mage Wave 1= 13.79, 51% boys), 841 mothers, and 724 fathers that was used in random intercept cross-lagged panel models. At the between-person level, adolescent personality, parental control, and externalizing problem behavior were significantly associated. Concerning the within-person level, conscientiousness showed reciprocal associations with externalizing problem behavior (negative), with agreeableness (positive) and punitive control (negative). Our findings observed a reciprocity between adolescent personality and externalizing problem behavior, but also suggest a role for parental control in this interplay.

Psychometric properties of the Highly Sensitive Child scale across developmental stage, gender, and country

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2021
CURR PSYCHOL

Adolescents differ in their degree of Environmental Sensitivity, that is, the ability to perceive and process information about their environment. The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Highly Sensitive Child scale (HSC), a self-report measure of Environmental Sensitivity, in two Belgian and UK samples with a total of 3056 adolescents. First, the factor structure, internal consistency, dimensionality, and construct validity of the HSC scale were examined. Second, measurement invariance of the HSC scale across developmental stage, gender, and country was tested. Results supported a bifactor model with a general sensitivity factor and three group factors: Ease of Excitation (EOE), Low Sensory Threshold (LST), and Aesthetic Sensitivity (AES). Cronbach’s alpha and McDonalds’s (hierarchical) omega indicated that the HSC scale is a reliable measure of Environmental Sensitivity, except for AES. Furthermore, AES was associated with different personality traits than EOE and LST. Second, the HSC scale was partially measurement invariant across developmental stage, gender, and country. The results provide important insights in the psychometrics of a first measurement of Environmental Sensitivity in early to late adolescents. Implications for further research are discussed.

Borghuis et al. (2019). Longitudinal associations between trait neuroticism and negative daily experiences in adolescence

Preprint

Full-text available

Jan 2019

It is well established that trait neuroticism bears strong links with negative affect and interpersonal problems. The goal of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations between neuroticism and daily experiences of negative affect and interpersonal problems during the developmentally important period of adolescence. Dutch adolescents and their best friends (N = 1,046) completed up to six yearly personality trait questionnaires and up to 15 between-year assessment bursts between the ages 13 and 18. During each assessment burst, participants reported on five consecutive days about their experiences of negative affect and interpersonal conflict with their mother and their best friend. We estimated a series of multilevel random-intercept cross-lagged panel models to differentiate covariance at the level of constant between-person differences from dynamic processes that occurred within persons. At the level of constant between-person differences, higher neuroticism was associated with more negative daily experiences. At the within-person level, yearly changes in neuroticism were bidirectionally and positively associated with yearly changes in daily negative affect. The most parsimonious, best fitting models did not contain a random intercept for daily conflict with friend and adolescents’ contingency between daily experiences of conflict with mother and negative affect. Rank-order differences in these variables were positively associated with subsequent within-person changes in neuroticism. We discuss these results with regard to endogenous versus dynamic theories of personality development and the value of using a differentiated statistical approach.

Borghuis et al. (2018). Positive daily experiences are associated with personality trait changes in middle-aged mothers

Preprint

Jan 2019

Theory and research have suggested that recurrent daily experiences can affect personality traits. The present study examined the longitudinal relation between individual differences in positive daily experiences and the Big Five personality traits. Data came from Dutch mothers (N = 483; M age = 44 years at T1) who completed up to 6 yearly personality questionnaires and 15 between-year assessment bursts, lasting 5 consecutive days each. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we found that individual differences in daily experiences of positive affect and perceived relationship support/affection with partners and children were positively associated with subsequent rank-order changes in all Big Five personality traits. In contrast, we found little evidence that personality traits were associated with rank-order changes in daily experiences, which may be due to the very high rank-order stability of positive affect and relationship support. Furthermore, positive daily experiences demonstrated incremental validity in predicting rank-order changes in trait agreeableness, emotional stability, and openness, over and above daily negative affect and relationship conflict. The results suggest that positive affective and interpersonal daily experiences contribute to positive personality trait changes middle adulthood. We discuss these results in the context of contemporary theories of personality trait development.

Longitudinal Associations Between Trait Neuroticism and Negative Daily Experiences in Adolescence

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2019

It is well established that trait neuroticism bears strong links with negative affect and interpersonal problems. The goal of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations between neuroticism and daily experiences of negative affect and interpersonal problems during the developmentally important period of adolescence. Dutch adolescents and their best friends (N = 1,046) completed up to 6 yearly personality trait questionnaires and up to 15 between-year assessment bursts between the ages 13 and 18. During each assessment burst, participants reported on 5 consecutive days about their experiences of negative affect and interpersonal conflict with their mother and their best friend. We estimated a series of multilevel random-intercept cross-lagged panel models to differentiate covariance at the level of constant between-person differences from dynamic processes that occurred within persons. At the level of constant between-person differences, higher neuroticism was associated with more negative daily experiences. At the within-person level, yearly changes in neuroticism were bidirectionally and positively associated with yearly changes in daily negative affect. The most parsimonious, best fitting models did not contain a random intercept for daily conflict with friend and adolescents' contingency between daily experiences of conflict with mother and negative affect. Rank-order differences in these variables were positively associated with subsequent within-person changes in neuroticism. We discuss these results with regard to endogenous versus dynamic theories of personality development and the value of using a differentiated statistical approach.

Positive Daily Experiences Are Associated with Personality Trait Changes in Middle-aged Mothers: Daily experiences and personality change

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2018

Theory and research have suggested that recurrent daily experiences can affect personality traits. The present study examined the longitudinal relation between individual differences in positive daily experiences and the Big Five personality traits. Data came from Dutch mothers (N = 483; M age = 44 years at T1) who completed up to six yearly personality questionnaires and 15 between‐year assessment bursts, lasting five consecutive days each. Using multilevel structural equation modelling, we found that individual differences in daily experiences of positive affect and perceived relationship support/affection with partners and children were positively associated with subsequent rank‐order changes in all Big Five personality traits. In contrast, we found little evidence that personality traits were associated with rank‐order changes in daily experiences, which may be due to the very‐high rank‐order stability of positive affect and relationship support. Furthermore, positive daily experiences demonstrated incremental validity in predicting rank‐order changes in trait agreeableness, emotional stability, and openness, over and above daily negative affect and relationship conflict. The results suggest that positive affective and interpersonal daily experiences contribute to positive personality trait changes in middle adulthood. We discuss these results in the context of contemporary theories of personality trait development. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

Is it possible to cure Internet addiction with the Internet?

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2020
AI Soc

Significant technological advancements over the last two decades have led to enhanced accessibility to computing devices and the Internet. Our society is experiencing an ever-growing integration of the Internet into everyday lives, and this has transformed the way we obtain and exchange information, communicate and interact with one another as well as conduct business. However, the term ‘Internet addiction’ (IA) has emerged from problematic and excessive Internet usage which leads to the development of addictive cyber-behaviours, causing health and social problems. The most commonly used intervention treatments such as motivational interviewing, cognitive-behavioural therapy, and retreat or inpatient care mix a variety of psychotherapy theories to treat such addictive behaviour and try to address underlying psychosocial issues that are often coexistent with IA, but the efficacy of these approaches is not yet proved. The aim of this paper is to address the question of whether it is possible to cure IA with the Internet. After detailing the current state-of-the-art including various IA definitions, risk factors, assessment methods and IA treatments, we outline the main research challenges that need to be solved. Moreover, we propose an Internet-based IA Recovery Framework (IARF) which uses AI to closely observe, visualize and analyse patient’s Internet usage behaviour for possible staged intervention. The proposal to use smart Internet-based systems to control IA can be expected to be controversial. This paper is intended to stimulate further discussion and research in IA recovery through Internet-based frameworks.

Big Five Personality Stability, Change, and Codevelopment across Adolescence and Early Adulthood

Preprint

Jan 2017

Using data from two large and overlapping cohorts of Dutch adolescents, containing up to seven waves of longitudinal data each (N = 2,230), the present study examined Big Five personality trait stability, change, and codevelopment in friendship and sibling dyads from age 12 to 22. Four findings stand out. First, the one-year rank-order stability of personality traits was already substantial at age 12, increased strongly from early through middle adolescence, and remained rather stable during late adolescence and early adulthood. Second, we found linear mean-level increases in girls’ conscientiousness, in both genders’ agreeableness, and in boys’ openness. We also found temporal dips (i.e., U-shaped mean-level change) in boys’ conscientiousness and in girls’ emotional stability and extraversion. We did not find a mean-level change in boys’ emotional stability and extraversion, and we found an increase followed by a decrease in girls’ openness. Third, adolescents showed substantial individual differences in the degree and direction of personality trait changes, especially with respect to conscientiousness, extraversion, and emotional stability. Fourth, we found no evidence for personality trait convergence, for correlated change, or for time-lagged partner effects in dyadic friendship and sibling relationships. This lack of evidence for dyadic codevelopment suggests that adolescent friends and siblings tend to change independently from each other and that their shared experiences do not have uniform influences on their personality traits.

Big Five Personality Stability, Change, and Codevelopment Across Adolescence and Early Adulthood

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2017

Using data from 2 large and overlapping cohorts of Dutch adolescents, containing up to 7 waves of longitudinal data each (N = 2,230), the present study examined Big Five personality trait stability, change, and codevelopment in friendship and sibling dyads from age 12 to 22. Four findings stand out. First, the 1-year rank-order stability of personality traits was already substantial at age 12, increased strongly from early through middle adolescence, and remained rather stable during late adolescence and early adulthood. Second, we found linear mean-level increases in girls’ conscientiousness, in both genders’ agreeableness, and in boys’ openness. We also found temporal dips (i.e., U-shaped mean-level change) in boys’ conscientiousness and in girls’ emotional stability and extraversion. We did not find a mean-level change in boys’ emotional stability and extraversion, and we found an increase followed by a decrease in girls’ openness. Third, adolescents showed substantial individual differences in the degree and direction of personality trait changes, especially with respect to conscientiousness, extraversion, and emotional stability. Fourth, we found no evidence for personality trait convergence, for correlated change, or for time-lagged partner effects in dyadic friendship and sibling relationships. This lack of evidence for dyadic codevelopment suggests that adolescent friends and siblings tend to change independently from each other and that their shared experiences do not have uniform influences on their personality traits.

Adolescent Anxiety: Development, Individual Vulnerability, and Social Relationships (Doctoral dissertation, Utrecht University, the Netherlands)

Book

Full-text available

Jan 2015

Stefanie A. Nelemans

The general aim of this dissertation was to extend current knowledge on the development of adolescent anxiety in the general population, by (1) examining developmental patterns of anxiety and individual differences in these patterns from childhood throughout adolescence, as well as concurrent associations with psychosocial functioning in several other domains, (2) exploring individual vulnerabilities that may be associated with the development of adolescent anxiety, and (3) examining how aspects of adolescents’ relationships with parents and peers (i.e., social processes) are associated with the development of adolescent anxiety. Guided by a developmental psychopathological framework, this dissertation includes six empirical longitudinal studies in large community samples of youth, each addressing one of the aforementioned three salient issues related to the development of adolescent anxiety in the general population. Together, these six empirical studies addressed different forms of adolescent anxiety (i.e., global anxiety as well as different specific forms of anxiety, such as Generalized Anxiety and Social Anxiety), different time frames from mid-childhood to late adolescence, and a wide range of relevant predictors, correlates, and outcomes of adolescent anxiety development as well as potential processes underlying this development. Furthermore, multiple sources and methods were used to assess a wide range of biological, psychological, and social-contextual factors and processes associated with adolescent anxiety development (i.e., multi-informant and multi-method). A combination of modern variable-centered and person-centered statistical analysis strategies was used to examine different aspects of adolescent anxiety development in the most appropriate statistical manner. Findings in this dissertation revealed different age-normative developmental patterns for different forms of anxiety during adolescence, though youth anxiety trajectories were characterized by large heterogeneity over time, especially across the transition from elementary to secondary school. Nevertheless, adolescent anxiety showed marked continuity over time across all studies, and heightened stress-reactivity was found to play a role in the stability of adolescent anxiety over time. Furthermore, different forms of anxiety did not only show (differential) concurrent stable associations with other domains of psychosocial functioning over time, but adolescent anxiety both affected and was affected by relationships with parents and peers over time. Moreover, adolescents’ social adjustment appeared to play a role in adolescents’ health risk behavior. Finally, though most findings in this dissertation suggest that high levels of adolescent anxiety are associated with poorer intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning over time, some findings also suggest that adolescent anxiety may serve some protective functions (e.g., with respect to adolescent cannabis use). Altogether, findings in this dissertation indicate that high levels of adolescent anxiety deserve serious attention from researchers as well as clinicians.

Profiles of attitudes toward aloneness and loneliness in Belgian adolescents

Presentation

Jul 2016

The experience of solitude changes across development (Larson, 1990). Whereas solitude is usually not a constructive experience in childhood, it becomes more meaningful – but also more lonely – during adolescence. Especially in Western cultures, the tension between social connection and individuation peaks during adolescence (Larson et al., 1996). Adolescents are expected to conform to the peer group and have close and intimate friends, but are also expected to gain independence. Finding a balance between these two issues can be a struggle, which may lead to increased feelings of loneliness (i.e., the subjective experience of social isolation). Also, the relationship with parents and peers changes during adolescence. The central position of parents in one’s social network is gradually taken over by peers in adolescence, though this does not mean that adolescents do not need parental support anymore. Previous research indicated that it is important to distinguish among different types of loneliness, as feelings of loneliness may arise in one relationship (e.g., with parents), but not in another (e.g., with peers). The present study aimed to identify groups of adolescents with a similar profile of scores on positive and negative attitudes toward aloneness and parent- and peer-related loneliness. In addition, it was examined which of these groups were most vulnerable regarding adolescents’ self-esteem and personality, parental responsiveness and psychological control, and peer group functioning and friendships. The present study used three independent samples of Belgian adolescents that each included the same measure to assess attitudes toward aloneness and loneliness, but had a unique set of correlates. Collectively, these three samples covered about 1800 adolescents (61% female), with ages ranging from 13 to 20 years. Multi-informant data were collected, including self-, mother-, and father-reported questionnaires and peer nominations. Using cluster analysis, six meaningful groups of adolescents were identified and replicated across the three samples. These groups showed different associations with adolescents’ self-esteem and personality, parental responsiveness and psychological control, and peer group functioning and friendships. Three of the groups (i.e., Indifference, Moderate, and Negative Attitude), showed adaptive correlates, whereas the three other groups (i.e., Parent-Related Loneliness, Peer-Related Loneliness, and Positive Attitude) showed more maladaptive correlates and may need specific assistance. The latter finding further confirms earlier research suggesting that, even in a culture that is rather individualistic such as Belgium, an overly positive attitude toward aloneness is maladaptive.

Changing Unsafe Behaviour on Social Network Sites. Collaborative Learning vs. Individual Reflection

Chapter

Full-text available

Apr 2016

Recently, a lot of safety interventions have been developed about teenagers’ privacy and security on social network sites (SNSs). However, these interventions often do not have an impact on attitudes and behaviour. Possibly, the instructional principles that guided their development only lead to better knowledge-construction and are not adequate in changing reputation-related behaviour. Following the theory of planned behaviour and theories about peer pressure during adolescence, it was hypothesised that interventions emphasising collaborative learning are less effective in changing attitudes and behaviour than interventions emphasising individual reflection. A quasi-experimental intervention study using a pre-test post-test design was set up in 115 classes. It was found that both a course with collaborative learning and a course with individual reflection raised awareness about contact risks on SNSs. However, only a course with an emphasis on individual reflection had a consistent impact on attitudes and behaviour. Implications of these results are discussed.

Profile Image: Ways of Self-(re-)presentation on the Facebook Social Network

Chapter

Full-text available

Apr 2016

This chapter focuses on the description of the profile image and the entire communicative ecosystem on the Facebook social network. In doing so, it presents the results of the inventory and classification of 7200 profile pictures of Facebook users from 24 different cities around the world. The classification criteria were initially based on a model which includes entity, treatment and framing (ETF) of the image. Although our study does not focus specifically on youth, we also present a number of results in relation to this demographic group, as it experiences digital technologies as an answer to its expressive needs and the kinds of identity exploration which characterise our modern social life. Finally, we introduce some conclusions about the integration of digital technologies into everyday life.

Compulsive Use of Social Networking Sites Among Secondary School Adolescents in Belgium

Chapter

Apr 2016

Some Internet users find it difficult to control the time spent on the Internet, which can lead to a negative impact on school, work and relationships with friends and family. The main goal of the present study was to assess the prevalence of compulsive social networking using the Compulsive Social Networking Scale (CSS) and to determine the profile of compulsive versus non-compulsive users of SNSs by means of a cross-sectional survey among 1002 Belgian adolescents. The results indicate that respondents had an average score of 0.85 on the CSS (range 0–4). When applying a cut off of 2 and more, this resulted in 7.1 % compulsive users. Results showed that both personality traits (6 %) and psychosocial well-being (7.3 %) explain significant amounts of variance above gender and age. In sum, the block of age and gender together with personality and psychosocial well-being explains 15.8 % of the variance. https://www.academia.edu/25490862/Compulsive_Use_of_Social_Networking_Sites_Among_Secondary_School_Adolescents_in_Belgium

Adolescents’ Conflict Resolution Styles Toward Mothers: The Role of Parenting and Personality

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2016
J Child Fam Stud

In the present research, we examined associations between contextual and individual factors and adolescents’ conflict resolution with mothers. In Study 1, we explored links between maternal responsiveness and psychological control and adolescent conflict resolution styles (positive problem solving, conflict engagement, withdrawal, and compliance) with two informants. In Study 2, we examined the unique contribution of adolescents’ personality above and beyond perceived parenting in the prediction of conflict resolution styles. Results of both studies indicated that responsiveness was related positively to problem solving and negatively to withdrawal. Psychological control was positively associated with destructive resolution styles. Study 2 indicated that extraversion predicted more problem solving and conflict engagement, and less withdrawal. Agreeableness predicted more problem solving and less conflict engagement. Finally, certain personality traits moderated associations between parenting and conflict resolution, indicating that some adolescents are more sensitive to these parenting dimensions than others.

Internet Addiction: A Clinical Perspective

Chapter

Apr 2016

Daria J. Kuss

To date, around 40% of the world population is online. Internet usage has grown almost six-fold over the last decade around the globe. In Korea, 96% of Internet users make use of high-speed Internet connections, in comparison to 78% in the UK and 56% in the US (2012, 2013). Since 2000, the US has more than doubled Internet access and use, and mobile Internet use increased extensively in 2011 (The Nielsen Company, 2012a). These statistics evidence that the Internet has become an integral element in today’s society. In 2012, children and adolescents in Australia spent an average of 24 hours online per month, compared with 65 hours for individuals aged 18–24 years, and 25–34 year olds spend more than 100 hours per month online (The Nielsen Company, 2012b). Accordingly, young adults are the most active Internet users and spend roughly three hours per day on the Internet (Kuss et al., 2014a).

ERGENLERDE REAKTİF-PROAKTİF SALDIRGANLIĞI YORDAMADA KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ, DUYGUSAL VE DAVRANIŞSAL SORUNLARIN ROLÜ

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2023

Bu araştırmada ergenlerde görülen reaktif-proaktif saldırganlığın kişilik özellikleri, duygusal ve davranışsal sorunlar tarafından ne oranda yordandığını incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma Mersin ilinde ortaöğretim kurumlarında öğrenim gören 559 kız, 432 erkek olmak üzere toplam 991 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Öğrenciler 14-19 yaş aralığındadır (x̄=16.05). Araştırmada veriler araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Reaktif-Proaktif Saldırganlık Ölçeği”,"11-18 Yaş Gençler için Kendini Değerlendirme Ölçeği" ve “Hızlı Büyük Beşli Kişilik Testi” kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada çoklu regresyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada saldırganlık toplam puanı ile dışsallaştırma sorunları, içselleştirme sorunları, deneyime açıklık ve dışadönüklük arasında anlamlı ve pozitif yönde ilişkiler olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca saldırganlık toplam puanı ile duygusal denge, uyumluluk ve sorumluluk arasında anlamlı ve negatif yönde ilişkiler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dışsallaştırma sorunları, duygusal denge, deneyime açıklık, sorumluluk, dışadönüklük ve uyumluluk saldırganlığın toplam varyansının %45’ini açıklamaktadır. Reaktif saldırganlığın toplam varyansının %42’si içselleştirme-dışsallaştırma sorunları, duygusal denge, deneyime açıklık, dışadönüklük, uyumluluk ve sorumluluk tarafından açıklanmaktadır. İçselleştirme-dışsallaştırma sorunları, deneyime açıklık ve sorumluluğun proaktif saldırganlığın %26 düzeyinde anlamlı yordayıcıları olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Human-robot interaction: How do personality traits affect attitudes towards robot?

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2019

Umit Morsunbul

The robot technology seems to be an important part of daily life and has shown great progress in recent years. Robots are used in a lot of parts of life. Thus, we need to think and know how robots will affect human life and how human will react to robots. This study focused on human’s attitude toward robots. The first purpose of this study is to determine participants’ attitude towards robots and second is to investigate how personality traits predict their attitudes towards robots. Participants consisted of 219 (142 female and 77 male) university students. Of the participants were university students and their age was between 18-26 years old (mean age=20.54, SD=1.22). Negative Attitude towards Robot Scale and Quick Big Five Personality Test were used to collect data. Results indicated that gender, extraversion and openness to experience are important factors for participants’ attitude towards robots. Considering speed technological development we need more researches to evaluate correctly human-robot interactions. ÖzetRobot teknolojisi günlük yaşamın önemli bir parçası olarak görünmektedir ve son yıllarda büyük ilerleme göstermiştir. Robotlar yaşamın pek çok alanında kullanılmaktadır. Bundan dolayı robotların insan yaşamına nasıl etkide bulunduğunu ve insanların robotlara karşı nasıl teki verdiğini düşünmeye ve bilmeye ihtiyacımız vardır. Bu çalışma insanların robotlara karşı tutumları üzerine odaklanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın ilk amacı katılımcıların robotlara karşı tutumlarını belirlemek ve ikinci amacı da katılımcıların kişilik özelliklerinin robotlara karşı tutumlarını nasıl yordadığını incelemektir. Veriler 219 (142 kadın ve 77 erkek) üniversite öğrencisi katılımcıdan toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş aralığı 18-26’dır (ort. yaş=20.54, SS=1.22). Robota karşı Olumsuz Tutum Ölçeği ve Hızlı Büyük Beşli Kişilik Testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar katılımcıların robotlara karşı tutumunda cinsiyetin, dışadönüklüğün ve deneyimlere açıklığın önemli faktörler olduğunu göstermiştir. Hızlı teknolojik gelişmeler göz önünde bulundurulduğunda insan-robot etkileşimini doğru bir şekilde değerlendirmek için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyacımız vardır.

Testing Three New Scoring Methods to Identify Detained Adolescent Girls with Elevated Levels of Callous-Unemotional Traits

Article

Jan 2023

Olivier F. Colins

Different scoring methods have been proposed to identify adolescents with high levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits as measured by the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits (ICU). This is the first study to scrutinize the usefulness of the normative, empirical, and DSM-5 with Limited Prosocial Emotions (LPE) scoring methods in criminal justice-involved girls (N = 192). Girls (Mage = 15.74) completed the ICU and other self-report questionnaires. A diagnostic interview was used to determine the presence of conduct disorder (CD) and other psychiatric disorders. Official arrest and rearrest data were also collected. The three scoring methods designated girls with (versus without) CU traits who scored higher on various indices of past and future antisocial behavior, exhibited higher rates of (childhood-onset) CD and higher levels of psychopathic traits, and displayed lower levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness. It was only when the normative and empirical scoring methods were applied that girls with CU traits had higher rates of substance use disorders and were less anxious, depressed, and/or neurotic. In a subsample of girls with CD (N = 119), the three scoring methods captured a more severely antisocial subgroup. Other expected group differences emerged, though mainly when the normative scoring method was used. Results provided support for the clinical utility of the three scoring methods but also showed that the normative scoring method most aligns with theoretical expectations. Research is warranted to explore if this normative scoring method serves as a better categorically-defined specifier for CD than the specifier that is incorporated in the DSM-5.

Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği'nin Türkçeye Uyarlaması

Article

Oct 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Çocuk ve Ergenlerde Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği-ÇEDDÖ’yü (Emotion Regulation Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents) Türkçeye uyarlamaktır. Çalışma grubunu Adana ilinin merkez ilçelerindeki ortaokul ve liselerde 2017-2018 yılları arasında öğrenim gören, 10-18 yaşlar arasındaki 1048 (558 kız ve 490 erkek) öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. DFA bulguları, ölçek yapısının, bu çalışmada yeniden değerlendirme ve bastırma şeklinde tanımlanan iki ayrı boyuttan oluştuğunu onaylamıştır. Uyum indeksleri ve faktör yükleri incelendiğinde, ölçeğin tüm örneklemde ve yaş ve cinsiyet gruplarında iyi uyum değerleri gösterdiği görülmektedir. Ölçeğin ölçüt bağıntı geçerliği ortaokul öğrencilerinde Çocuklar için Depresyon Ölçeği ve lise öğrencilerinde Hızlı Büyük Beşli Kişilik Testi aracılığıyla incelenmiştir. Üç hafta arayla yapılan test tekrar test güvenirliğine göre birinci ve ikinci ölçüm arasında yeniden değerlendirme alt ölçeği için .64, bastırma alt ölçeği için .57 düzeyinde ilişki bulunmuştur. Cronbach alfa iç tutarlık katsayısının ise, yeniden değerlendirme alt ölçeği için .79, bastırma alt ölçeği için .53 olduğu görülmektedir. Bulgular alan yazında ortaya konan görüş ve araştırmalar dikkate alınarak tartışılmıştır.

ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KENDİNİ AÇMA DAVRANIŞLARININ KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ VE KİMLİK SÜREÇLERİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ

Article

Jun 2020

Healthy interpersonal communication’s establishing and sustaining depend on using variety communication skills’ effective. Self-disclosure provides people to establish more satisfying and healthy relationships that from this one of the communication skills. The aim of this study that to determine how personality traits and identity dimensions predict university students' self-disclosure behavior. Research group consist of 282 university students (% 67.4 female, % 32.6 male). The Pearson correlation and regression model were used in the analysis of the data. According to findings, extroverted personality predicted significantly the amount of self-disclosure, self-compliance, extroversion, responsibility, emotional balance honesty predicted; It was concluded that it predicted the experience significantly. Furthermore, it has significantly predicted integrity research and obsessive research honesty from identity development dimensions; however, it was concluded that attachment, attachment identification and in-depth research did not predict.

The effect of the personality traits of pregnant women on the fear of childbirth

Article

Sep 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the effects of pregnant women's personality traits on the fear of childbirth (FOC). Design and methods: In total, 422 pregnant women who consulted an antenatal polyclinic at a hospital in Turkey were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. For data collection, a demographic questionnaire, the Quick Big Five Personality Test, and version A of the Wijma delivery expectancy questionnaire (W-DEQ A) were used. Findings: It was determined that as the scores of two of the personality traits, ie, agreeableness and conscientiousness, increased, planned pregnancies increased. The W-DEQ A median score was 61.5. The variables affecting the W-DEQ A score included emotional stability, agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness. Practice implications: Determining the personality traits of pregnant women can contribute to helping individuals with personality traits related to the FOC during the antenatal period.

Human-robot interaction: How do personality traits affect attitudes towards robot?

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2019

Umit Morsunbul

Determining the Demographic and Psychosocial Factors That Influence Smoking Addiction

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2019

Umit Morsunbul

Öğretmenler ile Lise ve Üniversite Öğrencilerindeki Narsisizm Kişilik Özellikleri Benlik Saygısı ve Duygu Gereksinimi Arasındaki İlişkiler

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2018

Narsisizm; kendini diğer insanlardan üstün görme, insanlar tarafından saygı ve hayranlık duyulma beklentisine girme ile nitelendirilen bir kişilik özelliğidir. Bazı psikologlar, narsisizmin abartılı ya da aşırı şişirilmiş yüksek bir benlik saygısı ile ilişki olduğunu öne sürmektedirler. Bu bakış açısıyla benlik saygısı narsistik kişilik özelliğini artırmaktadır. Benlik saygısı, bireylerin kendilerini ne kadar değerli hissettiklerini ifade eder. Kişilik, psikolojinin önemli alanlarından biridir ve örgütlenmiş duygusal, bilişsel, toplumsal özellikler bütünü olarak ele alınmaktadır. Kişiliğe ilişkin çok farklı yaklaşımlar öne sürülmüştür ancak en fazla kullanılan, Beş Faktör Kişilik Kuramı olarak kabul görmektedir. Bu yaklaşım bağlamında kişilik, beş faktör altında toplanabilmektedir: Dışa dönüklük, sorumluluk, uyumluluk, deneyime açıklık ve duygusal denge. Hem kişilik özellikleri hem de benlik saygısı narsisizm üzerinde etkilidir. Bazı araştırmalar narsisizm eğilimlerinin yaşa bağlı olarak değiştiğini bir başka ifade ile farklı gelişim dönemlerinde yükselip azaldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Alanyazın ışığında bu araştırmanın temel amacı; kişilik özelliklerinden dışa dönüklük, uyumluluk, duygusal denge, sorumluluk ve deneyime açıklık kişilik boyutlarıyla duygulara yaklaşma ve duygulardan kaçınma ile benlik saygısının lise ve üniversite öğrencileri ile öğretmenlerde narsisizmi yordayıp yordamadığını ve gruplar arası farklılık olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla çoklu regresyon modeli oluşturulmuş ve varyans analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma grubu toplam olarak 826 öğretmen, lise ve üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır (%61.3 kadın, %38.7 erkek). Regresyon analizinde deneyime açıklık, uyumluluk, duygusal denge ve benlik saygısının narsisizmi anlamlı olarak yordadığı saptanmıştır. Varyans analizi sonucuna göre ise narsisizm puan ortalamalarında gruplar arası anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Yapılan t testi sonucuna göre üniversite grubunda narsisizm puan ortalamaları kadınlar ve erkekler arasında farka işaret etmektedir. Üniversite grubunda erkeklerin narsisizm puan ortalamaları daha yüksektir. Anahtar sözcükler: Narsisizm, Benlik Saygısı, Duygu Gereksinimi, Kişilik Relationships Between Narcissism Personality Trait Need for Affect and Self Esteem At Teacher University and High School Student Abstract Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by a sense of superiority and a desire for respect and admiration from others. A common belief, both in psychology and in popular culture, is that narcissism represents a form of excessive self-esteem. Some psychologist suggest that narcissism related an exaggerated form of high self-esteem or inflated self-esteem. So that self-esteem increase narcissist personality trait. Self-esteem indicates whether people have a low or high sense of their overall self-worth. Personality deals with organized traits which are emotional, cognitive, and social. Various approaches have been proposed to examine personality but the Big-Five Personality Theory which suggests personality traits can be assessed under the five-factor has begun to come to the fore. These factors are extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, conscientiousness and openness to experience. Both personality traits and self-esteem effect on narcissism. Both personality traits and self esteem effect on narcissism. Some studies assert that narcissistic personality tendencies are change with age or increase and decrease different development stage. In light of the literature the aim of this study is to examine whether extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, conscientiousness and openness to experience, emotion approach and emotion avoidance and self-esteem’s predict narcissism. Research group consisted of 826 (61.3% female, 38.7% male) teachers, high school and university students. The preliminary analyses showed that extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, conscientiousness and openness to experience and self-esteem’s predict narcissism. Firstly regression analyzed showed that openness to experience, agreeableness, emotional stability and self-esteem significantly predicts narcissism. Second one way anova analyses show that there are significantly differences between high school student and university student and teacher groups. T test shows that there is significantly difference between male and female in narcissism score at university student. Male’s narcissism scores are higher than females in university student. Key Words: Narcissism, Self-Esteem, Need For Affect, Personality

NARSİSİZM KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ VE BENLİK SAYGISI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NARCISSISM PERSONALITY TRAIT AND SELF ESTEEM

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2017

Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by a sense of superiority and a desire for respect and admiration from others. A common belief, both in psychology and in popular culture, is that narcissism represents a form of excessive self-esteem. Some psychologists, suggest that narcissism related an exaggerated form of high self-esteem or inflated self-esteem. So that self-esteem increase narcissist personality trait. Self-esteem indicates whether people have a low or high sense of their overall self-worth. Personality deals with organized traits which are emotional, cognitive, and social. Various approaches have been proposed to examine personality but the Big-Five Personality Theory which suggests personality traits can be assessed under the five-factor has begun to come to the fore. These factors are extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, conscientiousness and openness to experience. Both personality traits and self-esteem effect on narcissism. In light of the literature the aim of this study is to examine whether extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, conscientiousness and openness to experience and self-esteem’s predict narcissism. Research group consisted of 352 (71.9% female, 28.1% male) university students and teachers. The preliminary analyses showed that extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, conscientiousness and openness to experience and self-esteem’s predict narcissism. First regression analyzed showed that openness to experience, agreeableness, emotional stability and self-esteem significantly predicts narcissism. Second regression analyzed showed that extraversion, openness to experience and self esteem significantly predict narcissism in women also openness to experience and agreeableness predict narcissism in men.

Investigation of university students’ problematic usage of mobile phone in the context of personalityÜniversite öğrencilerinde cep telefonunun problemli kullanımının kişilik bağlamında incelenmesi

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2017

Aim of this study is to examine problematic usage of mobile phone in the context of big five personality among university students. 103 male and 182 female, totally 285 university students who were from different Departments of Faculty of Education composed participants of the study in the spring period 2015-2016 academic year. Problematic mobile phone usage scale (PMPUS) and Quick Big Five Personality Test (QBFPT) were applied to 285 students, who were participants of the study. To analyse these data, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficients, skewness, kurtosis, t test, and multiple regression were used. According to results obtained from the study, there was no significant difference between male and female in relation to problematic usage of mobile phone. Furthermore, agreeableness, extraversion, and openness to experience didn’t statistically predict to problematic usage of mobile phone, but conscientiousness and emotional stability statistically did. Discussion and some suggestions have been made based on the findings. Özet Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin cep telefonlarını problemli kullanma davranışlarını beş büyük kişilik bağlamında incelemektir. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 2015-2016 Eğitim-Öğretim sezonunun bahar döneminde Eğitim Fakültesi’nde öğrenim görmekte olan 103’ü erkek, 182’si kadın olan toplamda 285 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarına üniversite öğrencileri için problemli cep telefonu kullanım ölçeği (PCTKÖ) ve hızlı büyük beşli kişilik testi (HBBKT) uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı, iç tutarlılığa ilişkin güvenirlik katsayısını hesaplamak için Cronbach Alpha katsayıları, basıklık ve çarpıklık değerleri, cep telefonunun problemli kullanımının cinsiyete göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemek için t testi ve son olarak da beş kişilik faktörünün cep telefonunun problemli kullanımını yordayıp yordamadığına ilişkin çoklu regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuca göre, cep telefonunun problemli kullanımı cinsiyete göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılığın olmadığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca uyumluluk, dışadönüklük ve deneyime açıklık kişilik faktörlerinin cep telefonunun problemli kullanımını istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde yordamadığı; ancak duygusal denge ve sorumluluk kişilik faktörlerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara dayalı olarak önerilerde bulunulmuş ve tartışılmıştır.

De psychometrische eigenschappen van de Hetero-Anamnestische Persoonlijkheidsvragenlijst (HAP) bij ouderen in de ggz en het verpleeghuis

Article

Dec 2013

Achtergrond: In de ouderenpsychiatrie is het gebruik van informantenrapportage belangrijk vanwege de veel voorkomende cognitieve tekorten. De patiënt is daardoor soms niet in staat om vragen adequaat te beantwoorden. Er bestaan echter weinig persoonlijkheidsvragenlijsten voor informanten. De Hetero-Anamnestische Persoonlijkheidsvragenlijst (HAP) is daarom speciaal voor dat doel ontwikkeld. In deze studie zijn de psychometrische eigenschappen van de HAP bij oudere volwassenen in Nederland en België onderzocht. Methode: De interne consistentie, geslachtsverschillen, de test-hertestbetrouwbaarheid en de interbeoordelaarsbetrouwbaarheid, de factorstructuur en de concurrente validiteit werden empirisch geëvalueerd. Informanten beoordeelden op de HAP de premorbide persoonlijkheid van verpleeghuisbewoners (n=385) en oudere psychiatrische patiënten (n=204). Resultaten: De interne consistentie van de schalen is goed. In de populatie Psychiatrie werden op drie schalen matige geslachtsverschillen gevonden. De test-hertestbetrouwbaarheid en de interbeoordelaarsbetrouwbaarheid zijn goed tot uitstekend. Er bestaan significante overeenkomsten tussen een aantal HAP-schalen en dimensies van de Big Five. De congruentie tussen de factorstructuren van beide steekproeven is erg hoog. De drie onderliggende factoren zijn Externaliserend/antagonistisch, Internaliserend/neurotisch en Compulsief. Conclusies: De HAP komt tegemoet aan de behoefte aan valide en betrouwbare instrumenten voor persoonlijkheidsonderzoek bij ouderen met behulp van informanten. De tien inhoudsschalen meten kenmerken van de premorbide persoonlijkheid. Twee controleschalen corrigeren de uitkomsten voor positieve en negatieve beoordelingstendensen van de informant. Omdat de patiënt door afname van de vragenlijst niet belast wordt, is de HAP uitermate geschikt voor persoonlijkheidsonderzoek en behandeldiagnostiek bij ouderen. Daarnaast kan de vragenlijst benut worden voor wetenschappelijk onderzoek op het gebied van persoonlijkheid op oudere leeftijd. Vervolgonderzoek naar de criteriumvaliditeit is aangewezen.

Daders, slachtoffers en andere tegenslag; samenhang tussen ongewenste uitkomsten

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Managing Multiple Roles: Personality, Stress, and Work-Family Interference in Dual-Earner Couples

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Jan 2009

Today many parents have multiple roles. This study examined how personality, domain-specific stress, and work-family interference are interrelated. Questionnaire data of 276 Dutch dual-earner couples with young children were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings demonstrated that job stress and parenting stress were positively related to work-to-family conflict and family-to-work conflict, respectively. For women, additionally, family-to-work conflict was strongly associated with increased levels of job stress. Finally, emotional stability functioned as an indirect predictor of work-family interference by decreasing the levels of job stress and parenting stress for both genders, but in distinctive ways. The use of couple data and inclusion of personality showed a valuable extension of existing models linking work and family.

The big five at school: The impact of personality on educational attainments

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Jan 2004

The Development of Markers For the Big Five Factor Structure

Article

Full-text available

Mar 1992

Lewis R. Goldberg

To satisfy the need in personality research for factorially univocal measures of each of the 5 domains that subsume most English-language terms for personality traits, new sets of Big-Five factor markers were investigated. In studies of adjective-anchored bipolar rating scales, a transparent format was found to produce factor markers that were more univocal than the same scales administered in the traditional format. Nonetheless, even the transparent bipolar scales proved less robust as factor markers than did parallel sets of adjectives administered in unipolar format. A set of 100 unipolar terms proved to be highly robust across quite diverse samples of self and peer descriptions. These new markers were compared with previously developed ones based on far larger sets of trait adjectives, as well as with the scales from the NEO and Hogan personality inventories. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Personality, media preferences, and cultural participation

Article

Full-text available

May 2005
PERS INDIV DIFFER

In this paper, the impact of the Big Five personality factors (extraversion, friendliness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness) on media preferences (TV programs) and cultural participation (book reading and attending museums and concerts) was examined. The analyses were carried out using the Family Surveys of the Dutch Population from 1998 and 2000 (n = 3156), which allowed us to control for relevant background variables. It was found that openness to experience has a positive effect on 9 of our 12 indicators of TV preferences, book reading, and outdoor arts attendance; openness clearly encourages an interest in complex and exciting recreational practices. Conscientiousness and friendliness tended to have negative effects on activities that were either difficult or unconventional, whereas emotional stability negatively influences more predictable means of escape from everyday life. Overall, the Big Five personality factors contribute substantially to our understanding of people’s cultural tastes and practices.

Some Psychometric Properties of the Ghent Parental Behavior Scale1

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Full-text available

Jan 2004

The theoretical basis of the Ghent Parental Behavior Questionnaire (GPBS) originates from social-learning theories. Parents rate the frequency of their behavior toward a target child between 8 and 14 years old, and children rate the behavior of their parents. Confirmatory factor analyses provide evidence for a solid factor structure in different samples. Nine scales are distinguished: Positive parenting, Monitoring, Rules, Discipline, Inconsistent discipline, Harsh punishment, Ignoring, Material rewarding, and Autonomy. It is also feasible to distinguish two second-order factors: Support and Negative control. The internal consistency is acceptable to good. Correlations between ratings of parents and children are positive and significant. We also find evidence for the assumption that positive parenting is negatively associated with problem behavior and stress in parenting, and, in addition, that inadequate parenting is positively related to problem behavior and stress in parenting. (PsycINFO Database Re

Relations Between Big Five Personality Characteristics and Perceived Support in Adolescents' Families

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2004

The authors investigated the longitudinal relations between family members' Big Five personality factors and perceived support. Members of 285 two-parent families with 2 adolescent children judged their own and other family members' Big Five factors and the support perceived from the other members on 3 occasions at 12-month intervals. The Big Five factor Agreeableness was particularly related to perceived support. Changes in individuals' Big Five factors were linked to changes in the support they perceived themselves but even more to changes in the support that other family members perceived from them. Results are consistent with the parallel continuities hypothesis: Individual characteristics will be stable when there is stability in the supportive environment, but when the environment is changing, personality tends to change in the same direction, and vice versa.

Smoking Behavior in Asthmatic and Non-Asthmatic Adolescents: The Role of Smoking Models and Personality

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Feb 2008

Despite the particular health risks for asthmatics, recent international studies have reported that tobacco use among asthmatics is similar to, or even higher than, non-asthmatics. This study examined the role of personality and environment in smoking among asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescents. In 2003 a random sample of 33 schools (first and second class of secondary education) was obtained in The Netherlands (N = 4,951). The mean age of the participants was 12.83 (SD = .75), and 52.8% were females. Information about asthma, smoking, personality, and environmental smoking was assessed via self-reports on standard epidemiology survey items (asthma, smoking) and the Quick Big Five (personality). Both personality and environmental smoking were associated with smoking. Asthmatics were similarly or even more exposed to environmental smoke than non-asthmatic adolescents and asthmatic adolescents were less emotionally stable and extravert. Associations between personality and own smoking behavior, as well as between smoking models and own smoking behavior were similar for asthmatic and non-asthmatics. Limitations of the study are taken notice of, and implications of the results are briefly discussed.

Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling

Article

Jan 2005

R.B. Kline

The structure of phenotypic personality traits

Article

Jan 1993
AM PSYCHOL

L R Goldberg

LISREL: Issues, Debates and Strategies

Article

May 1997

Internetverslaving: hoax of serieuze bedreiging voor de geestelijke volksgezondheid? : een onderzoek naar psychosociale problemen ten gevolge van internetgebruik

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Jan 2003

Gelijkenis (fit) in persoonlijkheid van ouders en adolescenten: Relatie met probleemgedrag

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Waiting to inhale: Psychosocial factors of smoking in adolescents with and without asthma

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Jan 2007

Roy Otten

Trait-Names: A Psycho-lexical Study

Article

Jan 1936
Psychol Monogr

An experiment was arranged whereby all three judges independently classified into the four selected columns 300 representative words, drawn from the total list according to a principle of representative distribution. The results of this study may be expressed in percentages of the total number of terms that each pair of judges assigned to identically the same columns. Taking only the instances where all three judges agree, we find 141 words or 47 per cent of the list, whereas 6.25 per cent represents the chance expectation. Examining this average agreement more closely we next determine the peculiarities of each individual judge when his placements are compared with those of the other two judges. This analysis calls attention to perhaps the principal source of unreliability, namely the tendency of each judge to have a mental set of "leniency" favoring the inclusion of marginal or doubtful terms in one column rather than another. Four outside judges selected 130 of the 300 terms as strange and unfamiliar to them. The agreement of the three editors for this group of terms averaged only 45 per cent, as against 47 per cent for the total list, and 48 per cent for the remaining 170 more familiar terms. Apparently established usage and familiarity enhances but slightly the reliability of the placement.

A longitudinal study of the utility of the resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled personality types as predictors of children's and adolescents' problem behaviour

Article

May 2004

This study addresses the utility of the resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled personality prototypes for predicting children’s and adolescents’ problem behaviour in a longitudinal general population sample (N 1/4 491). Both parents and one child participated in the study at two measurement occasions separated by a 3-year interval. The major objective was to examine whether the prototypes predict different clinical patterns, as reflected by mean-level differences on the internalising and the externalising dimensions of the CBCL and the YSR. Prototype membership was derived from cluster analysing parental ratings of personality and adolescent self-rated personality. All three types could only be recovered from the adolescent self-ratings of personality. Although the prototypes showed clear differential relationships with measures of internalising and externalising problem behaviour, hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that personality types do not predict adolescent problem behaviour beyond what is predicted by personality dimensions.

Personality type, social relationships, and problem behavior in adolescence

Article

Dec 2004

In a number of recent studies on personality in childhood and adolescence, comparable personality types have been distinguished. The three types that are repeatedly found can be labelled as: resilient, overcontrolled, and undercontrolled. Using data from a short-term longitudinal study of 569 adolescents, we investigated the transactions between type membership and perceived family and peer support and coercion in predicting problem behaviour, and the concomitants of stability and change in type membership. Resilients report the most perceived support from family members and from friends and the lowest parental coercion. Overcontrollers and undercontrollers report similarly low levels of support and undercontrollers report the highest amount of parental coercion. The types also differ in their psychosocial functioning, with overcontrollers and undercontrollers showing more internalizing and social problems and undercontrollers additionally showing more externalizing problems. Interactions between type and support in predicting the level of problem behaviour were found; support seemed more relevant for overcontrollers, and coercion more for resilients and undercontrollers. Type membership was moderately stable over a period of three years, a stability that in several instances seems to be related to perceived relational support and to problem behaviour.

The description of personality: basic traits resolved into clusters.

Article

Oct 1943
J Abnorm Soc Psychol

R. B. Cattell

Results of factor analyses of personality have been inconsistent because of the use of different measures (ratings, behavior, questionnaires), biases of investigators, limited sampling of subjects and of aspects of personality, and varying naming of traits. The writer suggests that these difficulties may be overcome by a factor analysis of the entire 'sphere' of trait names, on the argument that these adequately represent personality. By grouping synonyms and opposites, Allport and Odbert's list of trait names was reduced to 150 categories, to which were added the names of 10 special abilities and 11 special interests. One hundred adults representative of the general population were each rated by an intimate as to whether the subject was above or below average on each trait. Tetrachoric correlations of the 171 traits were surveyed for clusters in which items intercorrelated above .45. Sixty such clusters are listed and interpretations deferred. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)

Big Five personality development in Adolescence and Adulthood

Article

Feb 2007
EUR J PERSONALITY

The present article examines Big Five personality development across adolescence and middle adulthood. Two adolescents and their fathers and mothers from 285 Dutch families rated their own and their family members' personality. Using accelerated longitudinal growth curve analyses, mean level change in Big Five factors was estimated. For boys, Extraversion and Openness decreased and for girls, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness increased. Whereas mothers' Emotional Stability and Conscientiousness increased, fathers' Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Emotional Stability decreased. Differences in self- and other-reported personality change were found, as well as interindividual differences in personality change. Results confirm that personality change is possible across the life course but these changes are not similar for all individuals and depend on the type of observer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Parent–offspring similarity in personality and adolescents' problem behaviour

Article

Jan 2005
EUR J PERSONALITY

Similarity in personality between adolescents and their parents may have considerable implications for adolescent well-being. We studied how the similarity in personality between 288 adolescents and their parents is linked to adolescent problem behaviour, and whether this link is mediated by warmth and control in the parent–child relationship and moderated by the personality type of the adolescent. Similarity in personality between adolescents and their parents was negatively related to internalizing and externalizing problem behaviour, both concurrently and over time. This relation was not mediated by the parent–child relationship. The effects were present for overcontrolled but not for resilient or undercontrolled adolescents. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Co‐occurrence of depression and delinquency in personality types

Article

Mar 2007
EUR J PERSONALITY

Although the co-occurrence between adolescent depression and delinquency has been well-studied, the nature of the longitudinal associations is not yet clear. To clarify this we examined whether personality type is a moderator in the longitudinal co-occurrence of depression and delinquency. A total of 338 young and middle adolescents completed questionnaires about depression, delinquency and personality in 3 yearly waves of the CONflict And Management Of RElationships (CONAMORE). We found that the stable overcontrollers showed the highest mean level on depression and that the stable undercontrollers showed the highest mean level on delinquency. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the longitudinal co-occurrence between depression and delinquency was best described by means of a stability model, in which personality type membership proved to be an important moderator. The three personality types differed significantly on the rank-order stability of both depression and delinquency. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Structural Equation Modeling. Foundations and Extensions

Chapter

Jan 2000

David Kaplan

Work-family conflict and its relations to well-being: The role of personality as a moderating factor

Article

Nov 2003
PERS INDIV DIFFER

The aim of the present study was to examine the role of the Big Five personality dimensions as possible moderating factors between two types of work–family conflicts: work interference with family (WIF); and family interference with work (FIW); and their relationship to well-being in the domains of work and family generally as well. The participants were fathers (n=296) who took part in a national family research project in the Netherlands in 1995. All fathers were employed full-time. The results showed that emotional stability moderated the relationships between WIF and job exhaustion and between WIF and depression. In addition, agreeableness moderated the relationship between FIW and marital satisfaction. Consequently, emotionally stable fathers were protected from negative effects of WIF on well-being at work (job exhaustion) and on general well-being (depression). In the same way, agreeable fathers were protected from negative effects of FIW on marital satisfaction. Besides these moderating effects, both WIF and FIW and emotional stability and agreeableness had main effects on well-being.

Relations between Agreeableness and perceived support in family relationships: Why nice people are not always supportive

Article

Mar 2005

Do more agreeable individuals perceive more support, and are they perceived as more supportive, across all family relationships or only within specific relationships? In a study of 256 Dutch two-parent families with two adolescents, we examine whether links between Agreeableness and support are generalised across relationships or occur within specific relationships. Social Relations Model analyses showed that individuals who perceive their family members as more agreeable perceive more support from family members across relationships. Also, individuals who are perceived as more agreeable are perceived as more supportive across relationships, except for mothers. In addition, individuals who perceive specific family members as more agreeable perceive these specific members as more supportive. However, individuals who are perceived as more agreeable perceive more support only within specific relationships. Thus, agreeable family members are supportive across relationships, but agreeable family members perceive support only within specific relationships.

Traditional and Health-Related Philanthropy: The Role of Resources and Personality

Article

Dec 2006

René Bekkers

I study the relationships of resources and personality characteristics to charitable giving, postmortem organ donation, and blood donation in a nationwide sample of persons in households in the Netherlands. I find that specific personality characteristics are related to specific types of giving: agreeableness to blood donation, empathic concern to charitable giving, and prosocial value orientation to postmortem organ donation. I find that giving has a consistently stronger relation to human and social capital than to personality. Human capital increases giving; social capital increases giving only when it is approved by others. Effects of prosocial personality characteristics decline at higher levels of these characteristics. Effects of empathic concern, helpfulness, and social value orientations on generosity are mediated by verbal proficiency and church attendance.

Personality, perceived parental rejection and problem behaviour in adolescence

Article

Jan 2004

Abstract Background:It has been well documented,that adolescents run a heightened risk for developing depression and aggression, when they feel rejected by their parents and that

An Alternative "Description of Personality": The Big-Five Factor Structure

Article

Jan 1991

Lewis R. Goldberg

In the 45 years since Cattell used English trait terms to begin the formulation of his "description of personality," a number of investigators have proposed an alternative structure based on 5 orthogonal factors. The generality of this 5-factor model is here demonstrated across unusually comprehensive sets of trait terms. In the first of 3 studies, 1,431 trait adjectives grouped into 75 clusters were analyzed; virtually identical structures emerged in 10 replications, each based on a different factor-analytic procedure. A 2nd study of 479 common terms grouped into 133 synonym clusters revealed the same structure in 2 samples of self-ratings and in 2 samples of peer ratings. None of the factors beyond the 5th generalized across the samples. In the 3rd study, analyses of 100 clusters derived from 339 trait terms suggest their potential utility as Big-Five markers in future studies.

Personality types of adolescents: Concurrent correlates, antecedents, and type X parenting interactions

Article

Mar 2002

The concurrent correlates and developmental antecedents of personality types were investigated in a sample of 305 14-19-year-old Dutch adolescents. Concurrent characteristics and developmental antecedents included adjustment and parental control. We also examined whether parental control interacted with personality type in exaggerating differences among the types. The three main personality types (Resilients, Overcontrollers, and Undercontrollers) with behavioral and parenting correlates and antecedents were identified. We also found evidence for a moderator effect of restrictive control, particularly for Undercontrollers. Discussion highlights the importance of the family environment in understanding behavioral correlates of types.

Association between personality and adolescent smoking

Article

Mar 2006
ADDICT BEHAV

The present study examined the association between adolescents' personality traits and smoking, and tested whether this association was moderated by birth order or gender. Participants were 832 Dutch siblings aged 13 to 17 years participating at baseline assessment (T1) and at follow-up 12 months later (T2). Personality was assessed by applying a variable-centered approach including five personality dimensions (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability and Openness to Experience), and a person-oriented approach using three personality types (i.e., Resilients, Overcontrollers and Undercontrollers). Cross-sectional findings indicated that Extraversion (at T1 and T2), Agreeableness (at T2), Conscientiousness (at T2), and Emotional Stability (at T2) were related to adolescent smoking. Longitudinal findings indicated that only Extraversion and Emotional Stability were related to onset of adolescent smoking. Using a person-oriented approach, Overcontrollers and Undercontrollers did not differ from Resilients on smoking onset. No indication was found for a moderating effect of birth order on the association between personality and smoking. Additional findings showed that gender moderated the effect of Agreeableness on adolescents' smoking onset. Implications for prevention are also addressed.

Stability and change in personality type membership and anxiety in adolescence

Article

Nov 2007

Although the stability and changeability of personality has long been debated, many studies now agree that personality changes over the life course. Although the changes in rank-order and mean-level stability are well established, the stability in personality type membership during adolescence is not yet clear. Little research has been conducted on the associations between change in personality type membership and anxiety. A total of 827 adolescents (10-20 years) completed personality and anxiety questionnaires on 2 waves of the CONflict And Management Of RElationships study (CONAMORE). We found that the stability in personality type membership was moderate. The change from undercontroller to overcontroller was the most frequently occurring change. Furthermore, the stability in type membership was related to stability in anxiety level and change in type membership was related to anxiety change. More specifically, the resilient-overcontroller group demonstrated an increase in anxiety level, whereas the overcontroller-resilient group demonstrated a decrease.

Jan 2000

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Jan 1996

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QBF. Quick Big Five Persoonlijkheidsvragenlijst. Handleiding

No full-text available

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