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De Collectieve Winkelontzegging
... As a result of the reputed success, more and more cities are introducing the measure, as well as original expansions on it such as cinema and tram bans. Nowadays, Amsterdam, Apeldoorn, Arnhem, Beverwijk, Den Helder, Deventer, Eindhoven, Gouda, Heerlen, Helmond, Leeuwarden, Leiden, Leidschendam, Rotterdam, and Utrecht have either introduced this policy or have advanced-stage plans to do so (Wesselink et al., 2009). ...
... Powers granted by the shops ban are not set out in the legal code, but instead are found in a covenant entered into between the participating parties at a local level. Therefore, it is possible to deny a person entrance to a shop on the grounds of local rules and regulations (Wesselink et al., 2009). This means that shopkeepers are responsible for imposing a denial of entrance to their shops. ...
... Buiten het formele recht om is het dus mogelijk een preventieve maatregel op te leggen die zelfs kan uitmonden in strafrechtelijke handhaving bij overtreding van de CHO. In Nederland komt de CHO dicht in de buurt bij de instelling van een Collectieve Winkelontzegging (CWO) (Wesselink, Schuilenburg & Van Calster, 2009). Wordt iemand op winkeldiefstal betrapt, dan kan hij of zij via een CWO voor alle aangesloten winkels een toegangsverbod opgelegd krijgen dat, afhankelijk van de geleden schade, enkele maanden tot een jaar kan duren. ...
... Over the past 6 years, my colleagues and I have researched and written about the empirical practice of community safety in the Netherlands (e.g., [14,[38][39][40][41]). Whereas tackling these forms of insecurity is mainly seen as one of the duties of the Dutch state, the clear demarcation of governmental tasks and tasks of other parties is coming under increasing pressure. ...
By describing the practice of banning orders in the Netherlands, we investigate how the involved parties are dealing with their new responsibilities. We describe the way the changes in security management exert further influence in the spatial environment of city centers, and we analyze what this means in terms of equality of rights for all citizens. With this analysis, an attempt to explain the exercise of power beyond the State in policing space in Western countries is provided.
In almost all West-European countries and large parts of the world the governance of public safety tops political priorities at both national and local level. We can observe a growing attention for public safety issues in our cities and streets, resulting in local communities and authorities that increasingly have the possibility to deal with these issues in a rather autonomous way. In this contribution, I discuss the local governance of safety through a critical analysis and reflection of inherent, new regulatory tools within an administrative or civil framework. In doing so, I focus on the precarious position of three specific categories, i.e., minors and youth, panhandlers and ‘potential’ drug users. This analysis starts off with and draws a parallel to broader social and political trends, which criminologists have described as the shift from a ‘post-crime’ to a ‘pre-crime’ society where pre-emptive logics, mechanisms of exclusion and the criminalization of behavior tend to prevail.
Het publieke debat wordt beheerst door angst voor extreme dreigingen als klimaatverandering of terrorisme, maar ook ‘kleinere’ zorgen roepen veel emotie op. De overheid wordt continu aangespoord om ervoor te zorgen dat ‘het’ nooit (meer) gebeurt. Dit boek biedt een nieuw perspectief op deze ‘cultuur van angst’ en haar soms utopische veiligheidseisen. In de ‘voorzorgcultuur’ staat het voorzorgbeginsel centraal, dat inhoudt dat het ontbreken van bewijs van schadelijkheid geen reden is om geen beschermende maatregelen te nemen.
Met de focus op voorzorg gaat de aandacht vooral uit naar de bedreiging van milieu en gezondheid door technologie en industrie. Het voorzorgbeleid dat in het milieurecht ontwikkeld is, blijkt echter ook aanwijsbaar in onze bezorgdheid over publieke veiligheid. Na een beschrijving van de ontwikkeling van de voorzorgcultuur wordt een kritische analyse geleverd. Op basis daarvan worden enkele voorstellen gedaan, die kunnen bevorderen dat bij het ontwikkelen van voorzorgbeleid meer rekening gehouden wordt met de negatieve bijwerkingen van dat beleid zelf.
Chapter 1 introduces two paradigms used in the governance of security--one based on punishment and the other on risk. The main argument of the book is that the governance of security in modern society is increasingly oriented around the paradigm of risk. In chapter 2, the authors outline the eight general dimensions of governance and illustrate how the governance of security in contemporary societies has been changing along each of these dimensions. Understanding these changes requires an understanding that the distinctions commonly made between “public” and “private” spheres are increasingly problematic. Chapter 3 explores the role of punishment in the governance of security. The authors examine the punishment mentality and argue that this mentality is grounded in past events, emphasizes coercive physical force, and involves direct governance through the state. Chapter 4 focuses on the modern police institution, arguing that while the institutions and technologies of policing have changed, it is still linked to the underlying mentality of punishment. This chapter also explores the recent shift from punishment-centered to problem-oriented modes of security governance. Chapter 5 explores how risk management has developed with the corporate sector, including an examination of its philosophy, techniques, and practices. Chapter 6 illustrates how Zero-Tolerance Policing (ZTP) is informed by the old punishment paradigm while at the same time displaying key elements of the new risk paradigm. They focus on a single example--ZTP in Middlesbrough, England. Chapter 7 reviews some of the key changes in security governance by focusing on Britain as an exemplar of “the new security governance.” The final chapter presents the model of “nodal governance,” using the Zwelethemba model as an example of how a nodal approach can restructure relations between security and justice. Nodal approaches to security governance are becoming more apparent and deserve serious consideration.
This paper seeks to analyse and make sense of the growing role and implications of forms of ‘contractual governance’ that are emerging in diverse fields of social life and public policy in England and Wales, both within and beyond criminal justice. Collectively, these modes of control mimic and deploy ‘contracts' and ‘agreement’ in the regulation of deviant conduct and disorderly behaviour. The rise of contractual governance is explored against the background of a crisis in penal modernism and the challenge of crime prevention. Contractual governance in a number of fields is outlined and discussed, including home-school agreements in education; acceptable behaviour contracts and introductory tenancies in social housing; restrictive covenants in private residential neighbourhoods; domestic security and private residential patrols and youth offender contracts. It will be argued that, in these contexts, contracts seek to induce conformity and order through modes of governing the future that depart significantly from traditional modes of policing and that recast social obligations in forms of parochial control.
The past 30 years have seen vast changes in our attitudes toward crime. More and more of us live in gated communities; prison populations have skyrocketed; and issues such as racial profiling, community policing, and "zero-tolerance" policies dominate the headlines. How is it that our response to crime and our sense of criminal justice has come to be so dramatically reconfigured? David Garland charts the changes in crime and criminal justice in America and Britain over the past twenty-five years, showing how they have been shaped by two underlying social forces: the distinctive social organization of late modernity and the neoconservative politics that came to dominate the United States and the United Kingdom in the 1980s. Garland explains how the new policies of crime and punishment, welfare and securityâand the changing class, race, and gender relations that underpin themâare linked to the fundamental problems of governing contemporary societies, as states, corporations, and private citizens grapple with a volatile economy and a culture that combines expanded personal freedom with relaxed social controls. It is the risky, unfixed character of modern life that underlies our accelerating concern with control and crime control in particular. It is not just crime that has changed; society has changed as well, and this transformation has reshaped criminological thought, public policy, and the cultural meaning of crime and criminals. David Garland's The Culture of Control offers a brilliant guide to this process and its still-reverberating consequences.
Plural policing. A comperative perspective
- T T Jones
- Newborn
Jones, T. & T. Newborn (2006) Plural policing. A comperative perspective. London: Routledge.
Bidden is goed, verzekeren beter
- M Schuilenburg
Schuilenburg, M. (2007) 'Bidden is goed, verzekeren beter'. In: I. Devisch & M. de Kesel (red.),
Fundamentalisme face to face. Kampen: Klement, p. 90-108.
The New Structure of Policing. Description, Conceptualization , and Research Agenda
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Crime in an Insecure World
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Het rechtskarakter van het strafrecht
- A A G Peters
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Het ontregelend doorzicht van assemblages. Een andere blik op het veiligheidsvraagstuk'. Open. Cahier over kunst en het publieke domein, nr. 15. Rotterdam: NAi Uitgevers
- M Schuilenburg
Schuilenburg, M. (2008) 'Het ontregelend doorzicht van assemblages. Een andere blik op het
veiligheidsvraagstuk'. Open. Cahier over kunst en het publieke domein, nr. 15. Rotterdam:
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Tegenhouden troef. Een nadere verkenning van tegenhouden als alternatieve strategie van misdaadbestrijding
- Politie
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100 jaar strafrecht. Klassieke teksten van de twintigste eeuw
- A A G Peters
Peters, A.A.G. (1972) 'Het rechtskarakter van het strafrecht'. In: Y. Buruma (ed.), 100 jaar
strafrecht. Klassieke teksten van de twintigste eeuw. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University
Press (1999).