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Healing through travel: two women’s experiences of loss and adaptation
Abstract
The loss of a life partner, whether through death or dissolution of the relationship, can be a distressing time in a person's life, causing grief and challenging self and identity. One way of coping with loss and major life change involves the process of adapting. This paper explores the way two women coped with and adapted to the loss of their partners through travel experiences. This qualitative interpretive research draws on the findings of an ethnographic study of the experiences of long term travellers in Australia. The findings suggest that for the two women in this study, coping and adapting meant altering their identity and life situation by abandoning home and travelling alone and long term around Australia. It meant drawing meaning from their travel and their suffering through nurturing, healing and empowering experiences encountered on the road. Each woman embraced a diverse range of travel experiences, mediated by their preferences and need to work through their grieving processes on their own terms. Travel allowed them to regain control of their everyday lives, reconnect with self and their lifeworld, reconstruct their identity, and move forward to the next stage of their lives.
... Furthermore, it would be of interest to see how hikers would perceive the two factors. Tiyce (2008) shows that tourists travel for the benefit of their mental well-being indicating that mental benefits would matter also for typical physical activities such as hiking. A study by Bowler et al. (2010) suggests that natural environments may have direct and positive impacts on well-being. ...
... Despite tourism seeming to 'go physical', the mental aspects of the activities are highly valued among tourists and seem to have increased in importance for tourists. This is in line with previous research highlighting the mental aspects of nature-based experiences (Bowler et al., 2010;Tiyce, 2008). The present study reveals several interesting and useful managerial insights and implications for nature-based tourist destinations and for tourist firms offering hiking tours. ...
The present work studies hiking as tourist activity and its physical and mental benefits for the tourist. In particular, the study explores the relative importance of these benefits among the hikers and compare the importance with the tourists’ perceived experience, i.e., evaluation of the benefits. Building on the perception, performance and perceived quality and benefit literature a survey is carried out at different hiking sites in the southern part of Norway. The study results show that hiking tours in Norway perform rather well on factors such as physical benefits, mental benefits, facilitation of trail and slightly lower on information. Physical benefits are of higher importance than information and are also perceived to provide benefits in line with the importance given. Facilitation of trail is perceived to be of relatively high importance and the actual experience is rated higher than importance. Mental benefits is rated to be of most importance among the attributes. The tourists evaluate mental benefits to be somewhat lower than importance given. Subsequently, practice should focus on how to ensure mental benefits among hikers and research should seek to understand what this actually means in terms of new logics in tourism, i.e., experience value and the tourist own role in creating such value.
... This chapter aims to contribute a feminist perspective to the growing body of research into 'wellness tourism' (Smith & Kelly, 2006) through a focus on travel within Australian women's narratives of recovery from depression. Hence, it builds upon the expanding literature on women travellers (Small, 1999;Tiyce, 2008;Wearing & Wearing, 1996;Wilson & Harris, 2006) by developing closer connections with work in disability studies, leisure studies and mental health (Fullagar, 2008;Fullagar & Brown, 2003;Kleiber et al., 2002;Stoppard, 2000). In particular I consider how meaningful travel experiences figured within women's stories of moving through depression and renegotiating their sense of self in recovery (Wilson & Harris, 2006). ...
... These themes include; travel as a narrative of escape from gendered expectations of home, travel as a pleasurable form of risk taking and travel as a quest for a purposeful identity beyond deficit and depression. These findings resonate with recent work on the meaning of women's travel experiences identified in relation to the healing of loss and grief, the significance of independent risk taking and the transformative movement of identity (Tiyce, 2008). Feminist research identifies how the meaning of travel for western women is highly gendered in relation to the demands of home, expectations of Travelling with and Beyond Depression 133 SECOND PROOF -Charlesworth -06/09/10 paid work and the desire for 'freedom from' such norms or 'freedom to' experience oneself differently in the world. ...
... Crompton (1979) (Chul, Uysal, & Weaver, 1995) Kozak (2002) mengemukakan daya tarik wisata berupa atribut yang menarik dapat menentukan pada pilihan dan pengalaman tujuan wisata, dan menyebabkan wisatawan mengunjungi destinasi tertentu, atribut tersebut berupa atribut fisik dan mental dari suatu destinasi. Tiyce (2008) menunjukkan bahwa wisatawan melakukan perjalanan untuk kepentingan kesehatan mental mereka dan juga kebugaran pada kegiatan fisik yang khas seperti hiking. ...
Sport decision is a Sport Decision making process that becomes a basic consumption, mainly on Sport Tourism. TNGR os one Hiking Tour provider which is facing up the decrease in visit Decision of climb participant. On this research, thr independent variable (X) is Hikimg Attributes consisting of Physical Benefit, Mental Benefit, Facilitation of Trail and Information, the dependent variable (Y) is Sport Decision, The type of research used is descriptive varification, and the method used is explanatory survey with sample size 109 respondents. Techniques of data analysis an hypothesis testing used multiple linear regression, the result indicated the Hiking Attributes have a significant influence on Sport Decision. the most influential is Mental Benefit where TNGR has successfully made climb participant can reduce fatigue daily routines, so that make the participant feel the comfort and happy while Hiking on TNGR, the weakest factor is Facilitation Of Trail, this aspect needs tobe improved by cleanliness such as held the guidance about environment to climb participants, in addition officials can give a reward on the climbers that keep the environment
... So, travel as an important activity in women's leisure lives may help them to restore their self-identities. In spite of female tourists' considerable share in the tourism market, there are a few studies on their experiences (Tiyce, 2008) and on their self-identities (Fullagar, 2002). ...
An Extended Abstract is Attached
... However, recent research in wellness tourism reveals that individuals can be motivated by one particular wellness dimension over another and thus seek an assortment of activities that can range from the more active pursuits such as bicycling to satisfy a physical wellness need, to the passive activities such as meeting new people to increase their desire for social wellness. For example, Tiyce (2008) found that individuals travel for the betterment of their mental wellness and found that long-term travel could help alleviate the sense of loss of a loved one. Other studies have addressed the other dimensions of wellness such as the need to address physical and spiritual needs with yoga classes, addressing social and intellectual dimensions through visits to museums, exploring and/or learning about nature or wellness itself (Chen, Prebensen, & Huan, 2008;Lehto, Brown, Chen, & Morrison, 2006). ...
Wellness tourism has become an increasingly popular trend as many resorts and destinations now offer these activities and amenities. Given that the “wellness travel” term is relatively new for U.S. travelers, it is unknown how they may differ in their wellness and travel choices from non U.S. travelers. Convenience samples of tourists in the US and Europe were surveyed about their differences in wellness travel motivations and perceived wellness. T-tests revealed significant differences. U.S. travelers were more likely to want to participate in outdoor activities such as hiking and camping when traveling compared to non U.S. travelers. Non U.S. travelers felt more physically well compared to the U.S. travelers. U.S. travelers felt more socially well than non U.S. travelers. Future research could explore other variables not examined here, such as obesity rates, economic conditions, and vacation days allowed from work.
Tragedies are encountered and experienced by almost everyone. While many give in to the tragic times, there is a recent trend of women who choose to travel solo after encountering tragedies. Drawing on Horowitz’s stage model of reschematization, Tedeschi and Calhoun’s posttraumatic growth model, and Iso Ahola’s theory of travel motivation, this research explores what motivates women to travel after tragedy and how it helps them in coping with trauma. The phenomenological study based on interviews with twelve women travelers suggests four themes: family trust and support; fighting the fright; need for self-reflection, restoration, and growth; and financial independence. Implications and future research agenda are also discussed.
A profusion of touristic experiences of the last 20 years has generated a variety of means of theorizing, analysing and marketing tourism. This paper has sought to recentre the analysis on the ideas of a conceptualization of the self through the tourism experience. Predominant current conceptualizations of tourism as commiditized escapes have been re-examined and recontextualized in the light of feminised post structural viewpoints to bring a richer understanding of tourist experience(s). The potential for changes in self and identity through cross-cultural interactions is discussed. The approach taken is person centred, rather than those focussed on economics, marketing or management. Nevertheless we demonstrate the usefulness of such a people orientated perspective for all aspects of the tourism industry. At the same time the threads of an interactive, person centred approach are being woven together to emphasise the importance of interactions - personal, communal and cultural in the tourist enterprise and to position the selves and identities of tourists and hosts at the ethical centre.
Should senior vacationers be segmented according to how old the person feels, in order to develop and position new tourism products that match the senior’s self-perceived age? In this study, 356 people in the 55-plus age group revealed how old they felt, how healthy they felt, and their personal values, travel motives, travel risk perceptions, travel patterns and holiday destination preferences. Upon dividing the seniors into two groups — the young at heart and the not so young at heart — it was discovered that the subjectively younger senior felt in better health, sought fun and enjoyment in life, travelled for physical stimulation and a sense of accomplishment, and had higher expectations of the holiday — and was thereby more prone to disappointment if the holiday turned out not to be satisfying.
The aim of the study was to investigate how older people (60+) experience the ageing body and how these experiences affect aged peoples' sense of identity. Explorative, open ended, interviews were conducted with 13 respondents between the ages of 63 and 82, recruited from a retired peoples' organisation, Church organisations, and from the working population. The qualitative data was analysed with a phenomenological method, the so called EPP method, the empirical phenomenological psychological method. The results showed that generally the experience of the ageing body has to do with a changed life world, reactions to this change in terms of body and self, and finding ways to feel at home in this changed situation. Results are presented as three typologies, reflecting the different ways in which the respondents described this general experience: existential awakening, making it good enough, and new possibilities. The results give support to the research that points out the importance of activity for the self esteem of the elderly. According to this study, however, the meaning of "activity" can vary and can have different sources of motivation. Respondents in only one typology expressed frustration over limitations of the ageing body. Respondents exhibited entirely different ways of relating to the fact that death was approaching, which raises questions about how the elderly experience this impending horizon. Finally, the gender differences in this small study were quite clear: all the male respondents belonged to the typology "New possibilities", raising questions about gender aspects concerning the meaning of freedom, appearance, activity, and self esteem.
This commentary on the state of the art of qualitative research in Tourism Studies is prompted and inspired by the recent appearance of Phillimore and Goodson's valuable coverage of the ontological and epistemological issues involved in the conduct of the enlarging body of qualitative research that has lately emerged in the field. It also stands as a follow-up article to the work of Jamal and Hollinshead in Tourism Management on similar matters. Like the latter, that is, that timely "Qualitative Research as a Forbidden Zone" article, this Tourism Analysis review article is premised upon the view that just as travel and tourism mirror so much of the social, communal, and political realities of the cultural world "out there," so research in Tourism Studies can mirror and much more advantageously utilize so many of the emergent phenomenological and ethnographic advances in research praxis that have followed in the wake of the so-called interpretive turn and the so-called literary turn of the human sciences. In viewing travel and tourism as critical and dynamic fields of seeing, being, experiencing, inventing, and knowing of and about the world, this review article positions travel and tourism as an inherently endlessly creative and mediating field of lived experience that, therefore, should be much more deeply explored interpretively, and thereby "qualitatively," in the light of the new insights that qualitative researchers have lately gained across human science disciplines into matters of meaning, textuality, and rhetorical power. Although The Forbidden Zone of Jamal and Hollinshead (in Tourism Management) explored the relevance of matters of "messy text," "confirmability," "engaged interestedness," and "locality" for Tourism Studies, this follow-up article here in Tourism Analysis peruses related questions of "text," "voice," "reflexivity," and "audience." It broadly concludes that—after Wichroski (1997)—the inexperienced qualitative researcher in travel/tourism/any domain can normally improve his or her sensibilities to the interpretive issues faced and to the contextual situation encountered by learning how to deploy "a third ear" to actively sense the involved difficult matters of "tacit" individual presence, "unstated" communal existence, and "undeclared" researcher power and authority in both the research locales and the investigative processes he/she is engaged in. Although this follow-up (Third Ear) article posits many strengths in the use of qualitative research in Tourism Studies—particularly in tapping the misty plurivocality of populations and the exacting, contested narratives about places and pasts—the endeavor to understand the different styles of interpretive/ethnographic/textual insight that course through various qualitative techniques is no soft option in research, and demands considerable sensitivity to the unfixities of meaning, affiliation, and identity. Overall then, as did Phillimore and Goodson, this Third Ear review article seeks to shift the debate about the merit and value of qualitative research beyond concerns of "technique" and away from the strictures of "method," per se, towards the need for the collective field of Tourism Studies to encourage more of its researchers towards flexible, interpretive approaches that demand enhanced situational use of their human intuitive and creative capacities themselves as a perceptual, diagnostic, and inferential resource. Thereby, the article calls for a more reasoned use of these sorts of creatively informed human capacities where they can be utilized sensitively in critical-vigorous fashion to gauge the held local/situational realities of and about the world, and with critical-rigor over the care in which those found understandings are reflexively captured and crosschecked. But the authors of this review article recognize that the new/emergent intersubjectivities and the new/unfolding moral discourse of qualitative inquiry are still rupturing, still messy, and (for many researchers) still a rather dark matter. As the field of Tourism Studies continues into the 21st century, there are so many new options and opportunities in the engagement with the ever-expanding portfolio of qualitative research approaches—but there is still so much to learn in situ about how each one of them may be sensibly and appropriately deployed in each of those specific research locales.
In this investigation we sought to explore the properties of enduring leisure involvement from the perspective of campers attending an agricultural encampment and fair in the United States. Using informants' narratives of their experiences, we sought to address the research question: 'what elements of informants' experience of the fair have sustained their involvement with it throughout their lives?' It was revealed that informants' experiences at the fair were shared experiences and that their relationships with family and friends were identified as the most important and meaningful elements of their experience. These shared meanings were held by members of informants' immediate social world at the fair and consisted primarily of family and friends staying at their tent. These relationships also provided informants with a sense of their own identities. The 10 days spent at the fair each year allowed informants to reconnect with their family history and maintain their relationships with family and friends.
The canons of good praxis in the social sciences are changing. Along with the linguistic and hermeneutic (interpretive) challenges to ontology and epistemology exerted by continental philosophers and social theorists in the 20th century, have come dynamic changes in travel and tourism. We start this paper by tracing five important dynamisms in the phenomenology and constructive power of tourism and travel. These five encompass tourism as an agent of seeing, an agent of being, an agent of experience, an agent of cultural invention and an agent of knowing. But are tourism studies equipped with the research tools, approaches, strategies and techniques to explore the proliferation of new communal orders, marginalized voices in the third spaces in-between cultures and spaces, the overstimulation and fluid images cast by media, technology and urban intrusions, and the rapidly changing margins of tourist–host encounters in performative sites? The paper goes on to outline some of the twists and turns that qualitative research has undergone in its attempts to shake itself free of the inheritances of positivism and scientism. The confusion in the meaning of `interpretive research’ is one of the several challenges that are discussed and related to qualitative inquiry in tourism studies. The loss of the `body’ in tourism is another such issue. While foundationalist assumptions of truth, objectivity, and validity are being slowly relinquished, how are qualitative researchers to deal with the new textualities, multi-vocalities and `situated knowledges’ of participant voices and experiences in the ambigious and uncertain interstices of human–societal/tourist–touree encounters? In relating the above issues of and about the so-called `forbidden zone’ of qualitative inquiry to tourism studies, we focus predominantly in this paper on the place and value of `messy texts', `engaged interestedness', `locality/local knowledges’ and the `confirmability’ of qualitative inquiry.
This article explores the relationship between temporality and young women?s emotional wellbeing in order to consider the implications for leisure and health policy. Time is central to much contemporary social policy. For example, the Active Australia policy urges us to undertake 30 minutes of physical activity per day to maintain physical health. Debates over paid maternity leave implicate work, leisure and family time. Mental health policies also urge us to take time-out to seek help from medical practitioners and engage in preventative care for ourselves. Policies concerning health and leisure increasingly urge women to use time more efficiently and to be more responsible for their own and others? wellbeing. Hence, it is important to explore critically the effects of how women ?live? time as they are urged to organise their work, leisure, family and community lives in particular ways. In this exploration, we connect findings regarding young women from a longitudinal study on Australian women?s health with a qualitative research project investigating the socio-cultural context of youth suicide in urban and rural communities. The issues of time pressure and emotional wellbeing emerge as central to young women?s health and identity. There is also an embodied, emotional dimension of time that requires further investigation in relation to the development of health and leisure policies and programs aimed at prevention of illness and promotion of wellbeing. We explore this sense of ?lived temporality? through a concern with the ethical dimensions of everyday social relations, rather than viewing leisure time as merely a resource for health.
Coping refers to behavior that protects people from being psychologically harmed by problematic social experience, a behavior that importantly mediates the impact that societies have on their members. The protective function of coping behavior can be exercised in 3 ways: by eliminating or modifying conditions giving rise to problems; by perceptually controlling the meaning of experience in a manner that neutralizes its problematic character; and by keeping the emotional consequences of problems within manageable bounds. The efficacy of a number of concrete coping behaviors representing these 3 functions was evaluated. Results indicate that individuals' coping interventions are most effective when dealing with problems within the close interpersonal role areas of marriage and child-rearing and least effective when dealing with the more impersonal problems found in occupation. The effective coping modes are unequally distributed in society, with men, the educated, and the affluent making greater use of the efficacious mechanisms.
Landscape is an attractive, important and ambiguous term. The term is differentiated from the closely related concepts of nature, scenery, environment, place, region, area and geography. The book explores some of the ways in which ordinary landscapes can be investigated and understood. Each chapter is abstracted separately.-C.A.Middleton
Tourism is conventionally traced to the eighteenth century Grand Tour of aristocratic youth which, it is then suggested, was gradually democratized and adopted in modified form by the middle classes. In such a perspective, the road culture of contemporary youth travelers would simply represent one form of this democratized elite tradition. This paper argues instead that contemporary road culture is better seen as an upwardly rather than downwardly mobile cultural form. Tramping originated as a well-institutionalized travel pattern of working class youth. Despite its instrumental functions, it always had touristic components, serving as the young workingman's Grand Tour. When, in the course of the nineteenth century, it declined as a labor institution, it was romanticized and adopted by middle class youth for exclusively tourist purposes.
In our chapter in the first edition of this Handbook (see record
1994-98625-005), we presented two tables that summarized our positions, first, on the axiomatic nature of paradigms (the paradigms we considered at that time were positivism, postpositivism, critical theory, and constructivism, p. 109, Table 6.1); and second, on the issues we believed were most fundamental to differentiating the four paradigms (p. 112, Table 6.2). These tables are reproduced here as a way of reminding our readers of our previous statements. The axioms defined the ontological, epistemological, and methodological bases for both established and emergent paradigms. The issues most often in contention that we examined were inquiry aim, nature of knowledge, the way knowledge is accumulated, goodness (rigor and validity) or quality criteria, values, ethics, voice, training, accommodation, and hegemony. An examination of these two tables will reacquaint the reader with our original Handbook treatment. Since publication of that chapter, at least one set of authors, J. Heron and P. Reason, have elaborated on our tables to include the participatory/cooperative paradigm (Heron, 1996; Heron & Reason, 1997, pp. 289-290). Thus, in addition to the paradigms of positivism, postpositivism, critical theory, and constructivism, we add the participatory paradigm in the present chapter (this is an excellent example, we might add, of the hermeneutic elaboration so embedded in our own view, constructivism). Our aim here is to extend the analysis further by building on Heron and Reason's additions and by rearranging the issues to reflect current thought. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Vogt, Jay, “Wandering: Youth and Travel Behavior,” Annals of Tourism Research, Volume IV, No. 1, September/October 1976, pp. 25–41 ----The phenomenon of wandering youth, their travel experiences and resulting impact on the visited culture, is explored. The primary motivation is the quest for personal growth, which is achieved through autonomy in decision-making stimulation in daily life, learning through exposure and detachment, and transient yet intense interpersonal relationships. The impact of wanderers is felt mainly at centers of congregation, identified as gathering and resting places. Some suggestions are made as to areas of application and further research.RésuméVogt, Jay, “La Divagation: La jeunesse et son comportement en voyage,” Annals of Tourism Research , Volume IV, No. 1, septembre/octobre 1976, pp. 25–41. On examine le phénomène des jeunes gens errants: leurs expériences en chemin et l effet sur les régions quíls visitent. La motivation pricipale est quête pour le développement personnel, que l'on atteint l'autonomie de ses décisions, par une stiulation quotidienne, par une vision détachée de la vie telle qu'elle est et par des contacts humains qui sont à la fois intenses et passagers. On sent l'effet de ces nomades surtout dans les centres de rassemblement, c'est-à-dire dans les endroits où l'on se réunit ou se repose. On suggère des applications et des directions pouri de nouvelles recherches.
The central focus of this paper is the notion that the home can provide a locale in which people can work at attaining a sense of ontological security in a world that at times is experienced as threatening and uncontrollable. The paper builds on and develops the ideas of Giddens and Saunders on ontological security and seeks to break down and operationalise the concept and explore it through a set of empirical data drawn from interviews with a group of older New Zealand home owners. The extent to which home and home life meets the conditions for the maintenance of ontological security is assessed through an exploration of home as the site of constancy in the social and material environment; home as a spatial context in which the day to day routines of human existence are performed; home as a site free from the surveillance that is part of the contemporary world which allows for a sense of control that is missing in other locales; and home as a secure base around which identities are constructed. The paper also argues that meanings of home are context specific and thus the data need to be seen in relation to New Zealanders’ long standing pre-occupation with land and home ownership. The paper concludes by speculating on how meanings of home may be changing.
Economic ActionThe concept of economic actionReligious Ethics and Economic RationalityThe Market: Its Impersonality and EthicClass, Status, PartyEconomically Determined Power and the Status OrderDetermination of Class Situation by Market SituationStatus HonorParties
This article presents and interprets the case study of an elderly woman's story of suffering. It results from interviews conducted with African-American and Caucasian men and women, aged 70 and above, concerning their personal definitions, attributions, and theories about suffering. Elders' experiences of suffering were examined under the rubrics of gerontology, narrative, and religious studies. Key themes offered in this case study are: (a) How the life course unfolds because of or despite suffering, (b) what moral status an elder confers on past or present suffering, (c) how a personal sense of the sacred accommodates suffering, (d) how this particular respondent alters her identity based on assimilating the new information of suffering, and (e) how the story of suffering stands out against or blends in with the backdrop of the life story. The uniqueness of this case study also mirrors commonalities of elders' narratives of suffering, particularly those of women. This elder's story demonstrates that smaller individual suffering is rooted in the frame of the larger public world. It also illustrates that the language women use to attribute, define, and theorize suffering is embedded in relationships.
This paper describes the subculture of the contemporary international budget traveler. From personal observations, interviews and mail questionnaires, it portrays individuals who have been a part of “road culture” for a year or more. It argues that such travelers are neither “heroes” nor “deviants” and that earlier depictions of them as hedonistic, anarchistic ‘drifters” is no longer accurate. The average traveler prefers to travel alone, is educated, European, middle class, single, obsessively concerned with budgeting his/her money, and at a juncture in life. Many are recent college graduates, delaying the transition into the responsibilities associated with adulthood in western society, or taking a leave between jobs. Their status is achieved on the road by experiencing hardship and nontouristic experiences, and by “getting the best value.”RésuméLa culture routière des voyageurs internationaux à long terme et à budget modeste. Le présent article décrit la subculture du voyageur international moderne qui a un petit budget. A travers des observations personnelles, des interviews et des questionnaires par correspondance, il surgit un portrait des individus qui ont fait partie de la “culture de la route” pendant un an ou plus. On soutient que ces voyageurs ne sont ni héroes ni déviants et qu'il n'est plus juste de les représenter comme des personnes hédonistes, anarchistes et sans but dans la vie. Le voyageur moyen préfere voyager seul, il a fait des études; il est Européen, de la classe moyenne, célibataire; il est à un moment de transition dans la vie, et il est obsédé par le problème de dépenser le moins possible. Beaucoup de ces voyageurs viennent de terminer leurs études et cherchent à remettre la transition aux responsibilités qu'on associe à l'âge adulte dans la société occidentale, ou bien ils ont pris un congé entre deux emplois. On gagne du prestige en route en rencontrant des épreuves et des expériences nontouristiques, et en “en ayant pour son argent.”
Concepts of “personhood” in tourism studies, such as identity, subjectivity, and the self, are supplemented in this paper through an empirical approach to identity and tourism consumption. Anthony Giddens' analysis of contemporary self-identity is developed into a research strategy based around “travel biographies”. Using material from in-depth interviews with British tourists, the paper looks at the processes through which tourism consumption is mobilized for self-identity. It addresses its uses in constructing new identities, and the ways in which these identities are affirmed and contested in the public sphere. While a concern with self-identity should not displace other theorizations of tourism consumption, it nevertheless furthers understanding of tourist practices.RésuméVoyager le monde: identité et biographie de voyage. En adoptant une approche empirique des thèmes de l'identité et de la consommation touristique, l'article examine les concepts de la “personne”, tels que l'identité, la subjectivité et le soi, dans le contexte du tourisme. L'analyse de l'identité contemporaine d'Anthony Giddens est développée en une stratégie de recherche basée sur des “biographies de voyages”. S'appuyant sur des entretiens détaillés avec des voyageurs britanniques, l'article étudie les processus par lesquels la consommation touristique est mobilisée pour l'identité du soi. Il traite de l'utilisation des voyages dans la construction d'identités nouvelles, ainsi que des façons dont ces dernières sont affirmées et contestées dans la sphère publique. La question de l'identité du soi ne doit pas supplanter d'autres théories de la consommation touristique, pourtant cette approche permet d'approfondir la compréhension des pratiques touristiques.
This paper identifies four noteworthy conceptual developments in the study of the tourist experience: a turn from differentiation to de-differentiation of everyday life and touristic experiences; a shift from generalizing to pluralizing conceptualizations; a transformed focus from the toured objects to the tourist subjective negotiation of meanings; and a movement from contradictory and decisive statements to relative and complementary interpretations. Thus, it is suggested that contemporary conceptualizations of this subject correspond to the so-called “postmodernist” theorizing in the social sciences. This turn in the literature is evaluated while addressing past and future research.RésuméL’expérience touristique: développements conceptuels. Cet article identifie quatre développements conceptuels notables dans les recherches au sujet de l’expérience touristique: une réorientation de la différentiation à la dédifférentiation entre la vie quotidienne et les expériences touristiques, un changement des conceptualisations pluralisantes à celles qui sont généralisantes, une priorité transformée des objets visités à la négotiation subjective des significations de la part du touriste et un mouvement qui s’éloigne des énonciations décisives et contradictoires et se tourne vers des interprétations relatives et complémentaires. On suggére ainsi que les conceptualisations contemporaines de ce sujet correspondent à l’élaboration des soi-disant théories “postmodernistes” des sciences sociales. On évalue cette tournure dans la littérature tout en considérant les recherches du passé et de l’avenir.
This paper examines how mid-life and older long-term travelers describe their motivations for and their experiences of journeys through the Australian Outback. It studies their accounts to discern whether these can be illuminated by the notion of “transition”: that is, whether their stories provide evidence that long-term travel provides a neutral, transitional zone sandwiched between voluntary or imposed endings and new beginnings. The personal “endings” that provide the impetus for undertaking long-term journeys and the travelers’ anticipations of new beginnings are considered. The significance of place (specifically the Australian Outback) in these transitions is also explored.RésuméLe voyage comme transition: identité et lieu. Cet article examine comment les voyageurs cinquantenaires et plus vieux, qui font des voyages à long terme, évoquent leurs motivations et leurs expériences à travers l’Outback australien. On examine leurs comptes rendus pour discerner si ceux-ci peuvent être illuminés par la notion de « transition » - c’est-à-dire, si leurs récits donnent des signes que les voyages à long terme produisent des zones neutres et transitionnelles qui sont prises en sandwich entre des fins voulues ou imposées et de nouveaux commencements. On tient compte des « fins » personnelles qui donnent l’élan pour entreprendre des voyages à long terme et les attentes des voyageurs pour les nouveaux commencements. On examine aussi la signification du lieu (l’Outback australien en particulier) dans ces transitions.
Employing an expanded meaning of the concept of landscape taken from the 'new' cultural geography, this paper explores why certain places or situations are perceived to be therapeutic. Themes from both traditional and recent work in cultural geography are illustrated with examples from the literature of the social science of health care. The themes include man-environment relationships; humanist concepts such as sense of place and symbolic landscapes; structuralist concepts such as hegemony and territoriality; and blends of humanist concerns, structuralist concerns, and time geography. The intention of this broad overview is to bring some particularly useful concepts developed in cultural geography to the attention of social scientists interested in matters of health and to stimulate research along new lines.
In commenting in considerable detail on the four main articles in the special section on stress and coping, the author comes to two main conclusions: First, there is an increasing amount of high quality research on stress and coping that suggests the field is finally maturing, and this research may help reduce the long-standing gap between research and clinical practice. Second, this research is increasingly using badly needed research designs that have not hitherto been sufficiently emphasized, such as longitudinal or prospective designs, focused on observations that are day-to-day, microanalytic, and in-depth, and that are compatible with a holistic outlook. The author also addresses the role of positive emotion in coping, the concept of defense as it is dealt with nowadays, and the task of evaluating coping efficacy.
- S Curtis
Curtis, S., (2004), Health and Inequality, London: Sage.
Homes and homelessness
- K Dovey
Dovey, K., (1985), Homes and homelessness. In Altman, I. & Werner, C., (eds.), Home
Environments, New York: Plenum Press.
Interactive interviewing: Talking about emotional experience
- Carolyn Ellis
- Christine E Kiesinger
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