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Sir Chhotu Ram: The Legend of Peasantry Reforms
Abstract
The article describes the work done by Deen Bhandu Sir Chhotu Ram for the protection of rights and upliftment of peasantry class. We note that he was genuinely concerned with the plight of peasants, exploited by “soodkhor” (moneylender) of that time. Due to easy access to law, land and capital, moneylender was constantly manipulating prices and controlling market and debt relations. Sir Chhotu Ram did a lot to improve the economic status of the poor and victimized peasants through numerous legislative measures. One may get inspiration from Sir Chhotu Ram work and should share the agony of our impoverished peasants suffering from untold miseries, in whatever possible manner.
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A mini-Ministerial negotiation meeting at WTO was held on July 21-29, 2008 at Geneva to achieve a breakthrough in Doha round collapsed. The ongoing debate over agricultural trade liberalization focuses on how best to eliminate policy distortions that arise from price supports, producer subsidies, import protection and export subsidies. Although the most recent attempts to reach an agreement under the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) have been unsuccessful to date, the push for greater trade liberalization is unrelenting so it seems that further reform of the world agriculture market is inevitable. The WTO's Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) has far-reaching implications for the global farm trade and economic prospects of developing and least developed countries which are assessed in the study. The book is useful for the students and researchers of economics, agricultural marketing, commerce, business administration and law. The book is also worthwhile to: policymakers, planners, trade development agencies, opinion makers, negotiators, practitioners and all those interested in the elimination of rural poverty and improving welfare of Indian farmers in enriching their understanding of the impact of WTO on pattern of world farm trade, India's comparative advantage in farm trade, intricacies of the WTO rules and the present state of Indian agriculture vis-a-vis the WTO obligations.
The present study seeks to address the issues of opening-up of India’s wheat imports as well as the relationship between production, government procurement, prices and imports of wheat. We find that wheat production in India has been grown rapidly. The share of wheat in the world’s total merchandise trade and in agricultural trade has been declining continuously. Further, results indicate that there is a strong and positive relationship between volume of Government of India procurement of wheat and procurement price. Imports have failed to depress wheat prices substantially. Being a large country India's food security is more a function of harvest than that of volume of food imports. Thus, there is a strong case to devote more resources for increase in government procurement and production of wheat, in view of strengthening food security base of the country.
The study explores the pattern and trends in global dairy trade and changes resulting from globalization being introduced under the auspices of the WTO. The results suggest that WTO has failed to increase the growth pace of value of world dairy trade and to reduce the world dairy markets volatility. The study finds that global dairy trade has been dominated by developed countries. Developed countries are net dairy exporters. Conversely, developing and least developed countries are net dairy importers. During post-WTO phase, least developed countries’ dairy trade deficit has expanded significantly. Developing world has been the largest producer as well as consumer of dairy products. Given thinness and increasing volatility of world dairy markets, it would be prudent for developing countries to increase the investment in dairy industry for enhancing the growth pace of dairy products to meet their faster growing demand.