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New Growth Theory, New Growth Theory, Technology and Learning: Technology and Learning: A Practitioner's Guide A Practitioner's Guide
... Furthermore, sedentarisation as a historical phenomenon has allowed humans to develop collective activities and open up new possibilities for wealth creation and productivity improvement (Cortright, 2001). The early irrigation civilisations were the cradle of several major innovations such as writing and hierarchical organisation. ...
... "Technical progress is the increase in a particular type of knowledge or skill" (Hahn et al., 1971: 89). According to Solow and the majority of endogenous growth theorists, productivity growth comes essentially from the accumulation of additional technological resources that increase the efficiency of productive processes and the improvement of human welfare in a continuous manner (Solow, 1957;Romer, 1993;Cortright, 2001). In this context, it is important to investigate the practical and operational processes that allow the emergence, accumulation and use of these resources in wealth creation activities. ...
... Furthermore, new theories on the source of innovations and the dynamics of human interactions have shown that individuals become more resourceful and are able to develop new productive combinations if they work in continuous interactions (Cortright, 2001: 22). In these new models, the sources of growth and productivity improvement will be the number of interacting partners, the intensity of these mutual and multilateral interactions and their sustainability (Cortright, 2001). ...
this book contains four essays on current issues.
... ETs represent the number of patents connected to environmental-related technology development and are important indicators of a nation's innovative capacity (Fernandes et al., 2021;Hussain et al., 2022). The theoretical relationship between ETs and GEG can be elucidated through the lens of endogenous growth theory, which predicts increasing returns to scale in innovation, thereby fostering longterm knowledge-based growth (Cortright, 2001) and ecological modernization theory frameworks, which argues that promoting environmental-related innovation promotes GEG (Jänicke, 2020). This theory is consistent with a Green Solow model by Brock and Taylor (2010) that could be adapted to endogenize the abatement function. ...
... In addition, Hart (1995) provided a concise definition of the term "ETs," stating that it refers to the process of creating new tools for sustainable development and pollution control that significantly reduce the environmental cost of economic growth, thus promoting GEG. Besides, the association between ETs and GEG is based on endogenous growth theory that forecasts increasing returns to scale in innovation to promote longterm knowledge-based growth (Cortright, 2001). The central tenet of this theory is to explicitly model investment in technological progress and RD (Aghion and Howitt, 1997). ...
Introduction: Understanding the heterogeneous impacts of environmental technologies (ETs), research and development (RD) spending and financial globalization (FG) on green economic growth (GEG) is worthwhile to promote progress toward GEG. Besides, exploring the moderating role of FG is essential to uncover the nuanced dynamics that shape the relationship between ET, RD, GEG, and the influence of global financial integration. Thus, this study examines the effects of ET, RD and FD on GEG in emerging market economies (EMEs). In addition, we investigate the moderating role of FG on the effects of ETs and RD on GEG.
Methods: The method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) is applied using a fixed effects model that can capture distributional heterogeneity and nonnormality concerns for the panel of 25 EMEs from 2000 to 2019. In addition, other alternative models are applied to conduct robustness analysis. We use green total factor productivity (GP) to proxy for GEG using the Malmquist–Luenberger Productivity Index (MLPI) strategy based on the directional distance function (DDF).
Results and discussion: The findings imply that ETs significantly impact GEG, revealing evidence that promoting environmental innovation positively contributes to GEG progress in EMEs. Likewise, RD promotes GEG progression in EMEs. Additionally, FG positively impacts GEG. FG also positively moderates the effects of ETs and RD on GEG, implying that countries open to FG can better harness the positive roles of investment in ETs and RD on GEG in EMEs. Therefore, policymakers should develop prudent policies to encourage ETs and RD to promote GEG in EMEs, which aligns with the goals of controlling climate variation (SDG-13) and fostering innovation (SDG-9) to promote GEG in EMEs.
... These factors are comprehended in an expansive manner (e.g., educational systems, intellectual property rights). Institutions substantially affect the milieu in which human capital, information, innovation, and knowledge are cultivated and utilized (Barasa et al., 2017;Cortright, 2001). ...
Investment incentives are policy instruments used by governments to stimulate economic growth, attract foreign capital, and develop business activities. This form of government aid plays an important role in decision-making processes regarding localization and host market selection. According to the core-periphery theory, investment incentives aim to reduce regional disparities and support the economic growth and development of structurally disadvantaged regions. Within the Czech Republic, 1070 investment incentives were granted, 599 of which were aimed at foreign investors. The objective of our research was to identify and describe trends and contexts in the development of foreign direct investment (which received an investment incentive) on the national and regional level in the Czech Republic from 1998 to the present (as of October 1, 2024). Overall, one main objective, two research hypotheses, and several partial objectives were defined. Already proven methods in this field, i.e., correlation analyses, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Moran's coefficient, were used for the fulfilment of the set main objective and partial objectives. The number of foreign direct investments in the Czech Republic has already passed its golden era and similar patterns can be observed for follow-up reinvestments. It was identified that within the research set of 599 granted investment incentives, 113 cases represent reinvestments of original foreign investments. This fact signals that investors are staying in the region long term and shows growing satisfaction with the Czech business environment. However, the volume of these reinvestments has been continuously decreasing since 2014. From the spatial distribution point of view, the Ústí nad Labem Region (CZ042), the Moravian-Silesian Region (CZ072), and the Central Bohemian Region (CZ020) are clearly the most attractive.
... Economic growth can only be achieved through the development of human capital and the increased integration of digital technology. The integration and use of digital technology are thoroughly linked to human capital development [43,44]. Therefore, the focus should be on maximising learning opportunities, research, exploration, and development activities at both government and enterprise levels. ...
... This was been developed by Romer and Lucas in the 1980s. This theory puts emphasis on the role of human capital and it is considered as a factor that has no diminishing returns (Cortright 2001 Many empirical studies have been conducted on the relationship between higher education and economic growth and their results have been inconclusive. while other studies have established that higher education is positively related to economic growth while others have found the opposite. ...
This study examined the impact of higher education on economic growth in Malawi from 1995 to 2021. The study contributes to existing literature by providing more recent evidence and as well contributes to the debate on whether higher education has a positive or negative impact on economic growth in a developing country like Malawi. Empirical studies have so far yielded inconclusive results. The time series variables were tested to find out its order of integration using Dickey Fuller and the series were all non-stationary at level but became stationary after first difference. The study employed cointegration and evidence of cointegration of higher education and economic growth was established. However, Vector Error Correction Model estimates showed that there is negative long run relationship between higher education and economic growth. Thus, the government and other relevant education stakeholders should strive to increase enrollment in tertiary institutions so that it yields significant impact on economic output.
... According to the new growth theories, human source is the key factor in the development of economy. According to the endogenous growth theory by Joseph Cortright, knowledge drives growth, so knowledge is the key variable for increasing return to economic growth along with other variables like physical capital, labor and technology (Cortright, 2001). Person with more knowledge (high level) show impact positively on the economic development than less educated person (Utku-İsmihan, 2012). ...
Following article explore the higher education contribution to Pakistan's economic growth regarding years 1987-2016 by investigating the relation between the Pakistan's economic growth and education levels by using Cobb- Douglas production functions.
... Teknoloji ile büyüme arasındaki ilişki, teknolojiyi dışsal kabul eden ve üretim faktörlerinin azalan verimlere tabi olduğunu savunan Neoklasik Büyüme Modellerini saymazsak, büyüme literatüründe dış ticareti önemli bir unsur kabul eden içsel büyüme modelleriyle önem kazanmıştır (Cortright, 2001). Teknoloji ve beşeri sermayeyi merkeze alan, ölçeğe göre artan ve sabit getiriyi kabul eden içsel büyüme modelleri, kapalı ekonominin küresel entegrasyonu ve ihracat artışıyla ekonomik büyümenin sürdürülebilirliği hedefine ulaşılabileceğini savunmaktadır (İspir vd, 2009). ...
Bu çalışma farklı düzeylerdeki teknoloji ithalatının ekonomik büyümeyi ne ölçüde etkilediği sorusuna yanıt aramaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı 1992-2021 dönemi için yıllık verilerle gelişmekte olan 18 ülkenin düşük, orta ve yüksek düzey teknoloji ithalatının ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisini tespit etmektir. Söz konusu etkiyi belirlemek üzere kullanılan granger panel nedensellik analizi sonuçlarına göre orta ve yüksek düzey teknoloji ithalatı ile büyüme arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi varken düşük düzey teknoloji ithalatından büyümeye doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum yüksek ve orta düzey teknoloji ithalatı ile büyüme arasında Geribesleme Hipotezinin geçerli olduğu, düşük düzey teknoloji ithalatı ile büyüme arasında ise ithalata dayalı büyümenin varlığını desteklemektedir. Ayrıca ekonomik büyümenin sürdürülebilirliği için her dört yılın sonunda orta ve yüksek düzey teknoloji ile her üç yılın sonunda düşük düzey yenileme ithalatı yapılmalıdır.
... Increasing returns to knowledge and innovation with regards developing the existing institutions may result in improved economic growth and development. Technology does not maintain economic growth (Cortright, 2001); rather, it is the process of developing new and innovative ideas that makes growth feasible. However, the technological process takes place through innovation to engender sustainable economic growth. ...
El materialismo cognitivo es un marco teórico-metodológico desarrollado desde América Latina para el análisis de las relaciones entre capitalismo y conocimiento, fundamentalmente alrededor de los procesos productivos. Dicho marco, con base en un conjunto de categorías originales, permite una relectura de la historia del capitalismo y ofrece interpretaciones de fenómenos contemporáneos. A su vez, presenta una ontología y una gnoseología materialistas cognitivas y reabre la indagación sobre problemas y conceptos clásicos (dialéctica, ideología, explotación, entre otros). Por razones de extensión, este artículo no aborda este conjunto de temas, sino que se presenta una revisión del materialismo cognitivo respecto de algunas de sus nociones fundamentales y se sistematiza la literatura que ha hecho uso de ellas en la última década. Se trata, en tanto, de un conjunto de investigaciones que han enriquecido el alcance de las categorías originarias. Esta tarea de recapitulación se lleva a cabo alrededor de cuatro ejes temáticos. Primero, se señalan los diálogos teóricos a partir de los cuales emerge el materialismo cognitivo. Segundo, se presentan las nociones básicas de este enfoque, incluyendo la concepción sobre el capitalismo y sus etapas. Tercero, se expone el abordaje teórico y empírico del materialismo cognitivo respecto de la relación entre producción y apropiación de conocimientos, particularmente alrededor de las distintas formas de propiedad intelectual. Esta línea de estudios ha incluido, en varios casos, la dimensión de las relaciones centro/periferia respecto a esos procesos de apropiación. Cuarto y último, se revisan trabajos teóricos y empíricos que dan cuenta de un conjunto de tendencias de la sociedad, la economía y la cultura asociadas a las tecnologías digitales e Internet.
Despite a relative early attention, it was already well into the twentieth century when Schumpeter tried to reintroduce the question of technological change in economic analysis, without much success then, since this field would be dominated for decades by the vision of the Neoclassical synthesis of Kaldor and Solow. The response to the Neoclassical growth model at the end of the twentieth century came from its treatment of two increasingly relevant variables—human capital and technology—and its impossibility to explain the patterns of convergence between countries. Among the main currents that focus on the inclusion of technology as a variable, the New Growth Theory approach stands out, with the combination of knowledge creation and technology as a driver of development and the systemic approach to innovation initiated by Freeman, within the framework of Industrial Economics and an evolutionary perspective that considers these elements endogenous to the economic system. This chapter analyses the echo of Schumpeterian thought in the new paradigm of technological change, which can be interpreted as a return to the origins of this branch of economic analysis.
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