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Regional Economic Development: Exploring the 'Role of Government' in Porter's Industrial Cluster Theory

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... Kümelenmelerin oluşması ve gelişmesinde yerel ve kamu yönetimlerinin işlevleri konusunda yabancı çalışmaların sayıları oldukça fazladır (Wickham, 2005(Wickham, , 2007Winden and Woets, 2003;Raines, 2000;Taylor ve Raines 2001;Singh, 2003). Diğer taraftan ülkemizde son zamanlarda popüler hale gelen bu konunun yerel yönetimler veya genel olarak kamu yönetimi ile ilişkileri birkaç istisna dışında (Marın ve Eraslan, 2007) hemen hemen hiç tartışılmamaktadır. ...
... Kümelenmelerin oluşması ve gelişmesinde yerel ve kamu yönetimlerinin işlevleri konusunda yabancı çalışmaların sayıları oldukça fazladır (Wickham, 2005(Wickham, , 2007Winden and Woets, 2003;Raines, 2000;Taylor ve Raines 2001;Singh, 2003). Diğer taraftan ülkemizde son zamanlarda popüler hale gelen bu konunun yerel yönetimler veya genel olarak kamu yönetimi ile ilişkileri birkaç istisna dışında (Marın ve Eraslan, 2007) hemen hemen hiç tartışılmamaktadır. ...
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Bu çalışma, Türkiye için stratejik öneme sahip ve ekonomik açıdan önemli sektörlerden olan turizm sektörünün önemli oyuncularından biri olarak kabul edilen yerel yönetimlerin yerinin ve etkisinin örnek ve önerilerle açıklanması amacını taşımaktadır. Özellikle, sektörün hassas ve güçlü olduğu bölgelerde yerel yönetimlerin stratejik önemi de çalışma kapsamına dahil edilmiştir.
... In 1979, the effort to produce increasingly lighter vessels led to Incat developing welding technology for aluminum vessels. This new technology has boosted the development of the ship industry and solidified the Tasmania maritime cluster as world leader in the production of high-speed ferries, with around 40% of the world's passenger ferry market (Wickham and Hanson, 2002;Wickham, 2005a). ...
... There is a strong emphasis on tertiary education, in fact, the government founded the "College of Aluminum Training" for the purpose of improving welding skills as well as to provide scholarships for staff to attend the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Tasmania, some of which resulted in Engineering Doctorates (Wickham, 2005a). ...
Conference Paper
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This research studied the structuring forms of industrial maritime agglomerations as a means of obtaining leverage capabilities for the development and diffusion of new technologies among its actors. More specifically, we've researched how three successful international maritime clusters are structured to foster the innovation and also if they have common key elements (drivers). The findings showed that the three clusters have common drivers that favor technological developments. The study is being done in view of the recent revitalization of Brazilian shipbuilding industry and that research would identify what could benefit from international experience to collaborate with a more sustainable development of Brazilian industry.
... The theoretical basis of a water user's interest and agreement with the frameworks of the regional water economy system has been formed in the works of many researchers (Stackelberg 1934, Bettrand 1883, Wickham 2005, Szabó 2015, Belyaev et al. 2014, Danilov-Danilyan-Khranovich 2013. ...
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The extended representation of the water management problem that is an important component of the supply of resources is vital in an effective regional economy. This article justifies the importance of such a representation through the lens of the paired strategizing of the water resource system and regional economic development. The authors' purpose is to analyse the rationality of the usage of water resources in conjunction with regional socio-economic development indicators, by applying tools that allow grouping based on the existing trends in water consumption. The article studies the importance of the effective management of the allocation of scarce water resources among users. It also examines the rationality of their usage in the context of optimising resource usage, and the high variations across areas based on the potential of the resource components, as well as the dynamic socio-economic indicators. The theoretical framework of the rational water usage paradigm comprises a set of interrelated concepts and theories, such as the theory of economic growth, as well as theories and concepts of regional development, particularly regional resource management, considering the parameters of current and proposed mesoeconomic policies in combination with the basin approach for the allocation of water resources. It has been shown that the gross regional product (GRP) water intensity indicator is one of the important criteria in assessing the rational usage of territorial water resources. The authors' hypothesis is that regional peculiarities in the tendencies of GRP water intensity indicator changes allow not only to define the current situation pertaining to water use, but also to determine the direction of the control actions to increase its efficiency. In the study, this hypothesis is confirmed. Unlike other existing approaches and models which are oriented chiefly towards the identification of scarce water resource allocation options in accordance with the standards of water use, this article implements an approach to the assessment of the efficiency of water usage as a strategic resource for socioeconomic development at the regional level. Based on the analysis of the GRP water intensity indicator and the problematic nature of region grouping from the standpoint of rational water usage, regions are identified. The results can serve as a guide for designing regional development strategies.
... The scenario approach to create municipal clusters based on PSEDA assumes the priority of the top-down movement with the initial development of the cluster strategy and its support under the PSEDA conditions. For example, M. Wickham [28] considers the role of the state when creating clusters as the most important and identifies in the totality of factors for the successful role of the government to create conditions favorable for cluster formation, provision of the necessary infrastructure for cluster development and formation of new leading companies. In addition, it was noted [29] that governments (32%), businesses (27%) and jointly by business and government (35%) are the initiators of cluster formation, cluster is financed by the government (54%), business (18%), jointly by business and government (25%). ...
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Issues on the development of mono-industry towns in Russia through diversification of economics thereof may be addressed by formation of the priority social and economic development area (PSEDA). By the results of analysis of conditions to create intraregional (municipal) industrial clusters within the PSEDA mono-industry towns, the feasibility of such clusters is justified to turn into the priority residents of PSEDA, but also to obtain the synergistic effect of taking PSEDA advantages and the cluster approach in diversifying the economies of monoindustry towns. In contrast to previous definitions, the authors consider the intraregional (municipal) industrial cluster as the concept created with favorable involvement of regional and municipal authorities to develop the cluster strategy and use favorable conditions to expand private enterprises, association of entities to implement projects on diversification of mono-industry town economies and investment projects that meet the PSEDA requirements. The principles of PSEDA-based cluster formation in mono-industry towns are formulated. The most significant factors of sustainable development of clusters are highlighted to address mono-town problems. The stage-by-stage creation of municipal clusters proposed by authors is based on their ability to emerge during the extensive market mechanism performance and includes stages to assess the potential to form and develop cluster formations, but also the stages to identify the needs of participating entities in the course of particular interaction, creation and development of entity networks. The analysis of existing agglomerations, systematization of SWOT analysis findings, assessment of factors contributing to cluster formation offered the chance to determine the perspective for the agro-industrial cluster development in Yurga in the Kemerovo Region. The study results represent the particular contribution to the cluster theory, regional economy in terms of development of tools to form municipal industrial clusters within the PSEDA for the purpose to diversify economies of mono-industry towns. The practical significance of the research is the possibility to apply the study results in the activity of regional and municipal authorities when identifying intraregional agglomerations, creating cluster formations as PSEDA monotown residents.
... There is a wealth of recent literature on clustering from an explanatory (Martin and Sunley 2003;Fleming, King Iii et al. 2007;Jensen, Johannessen et al. 2009), economic (Rosenfeld 1997;Michael 2003) and policy (Bolland 2002;Learmonth, Munro et al. 2003;Wickham 2005;Aziz and Norhashim 2008) perspective, as well as studies of marine specific clustering (Brownrigg 2006;Thedoropopoulos 2006;Wijnolst 2006). Clustering as a tool for economic advancement has been seized upon by international, national and regional policy makers such as the OECD, World Bank, national governments and regional development agencies, as a method for rejuvenating economies, developing a skilled workforce, thereby facilitating growth in the economy. ...
Technical Report
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... Though, in subsequent literature, the Porter Diamond has been supplemented with two more determinants ( Figure 1). Wickham (2005) called this the "Diamond Factor Model". The extension of the model incorporates globalization and internalization; the exogenous variables of chance and government are considered to affect all other components (Jin, Moon, 2006). ...
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The aim of this chapter is twofold. The authors, by highlighting the conceptual background of clusters initiatives, open innovation and the private-collective model of innovation, try to explain the usefulness of cluster initiatives as instruments fostering partnerships between science and business. For the innovativeness of an economy, university-industry links are of tremendous importance. The development of such links is crucial for knowledge commercialization and the exploitation of knowledge for innovation. The issue is discussed from the perspective of micro-companies. Experiences of Leszno Printing & Advertising Cluster (LPAC) – one of cluster initiatives in Poland are characterized to exemplify how to develop and exploit the cooperation between businesses and science.
... Though, in subsequent literature, the Porter Diamond has been supplemented with two more determinants ( Figure 1). Wickham (2005) called this the "Diamond Factor Model". The extension of the model incorporates globalization and internalization; the exogenous variables of chance and government are considered to affect all other components (Jin, Moon, 2006). ...
Book
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The book is a summary of the work of the team involved in the Strengthening business performance management in economic networks project implemented within the framework of the Leonardo da Vinci Transfer of Innovation programme. It describes the transfer of innovative methods for managing business networks in the UK to two countries of Central and Eastern Europe – Lithuania and Poland. In both these countries similar problems can be encountered. Clusters and business networks are a relatively new phenomenon in their economic reality and they often face competence barriers on the part of managers and facilitators. The publication discusses the main problems faced by network managers and facilitators, as well as more general rules and principles resulting from the cluster policy at the regional, national and European levels. The research team hopes that the publication will be useful to anyone involved in cluster activities across Europe because it not only presents the current trends with regard to cluster policy, but it also summarises the fundamental problems which need to be solved in order for clusters to be able to play the role for which they are perfectly suited: generators of innovation, technology transfer and the commercialization of knowledge, serving to improve the competitiveness of the European economy.
... This has to be at the core of every sustainable strategy. I quote a comment from an Australian study on the Tasmanian light shipbuilding cluster (Wickham 2005): ...
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O objetivo deste manuscrito é mostrar a importância de alguns fatores-chave para que os clusters marítimos (indústria naval) se tornem inovadores e competitivos. Essa pesquisa tem objetivo exploratório, com análise qualitativa e descritiva dos dados. Foi baseado em estudos de artigos e uma inspeção crítica detalhada em publicações de órgãos oficiais com a intenção de enumerar os fatores comuns aos clusters que os propiciaram ser inovadores. Com esta pesquisa, constatou-se que os clusters estudados possuem fatores-chave comuns como infraestrutura adequada, rivalidade entre firmas, sofisticação do comprador, conhecimento codificado e tácito, entre outros. Todos estes são estudados no Modelo Diamante de Porter - DFM. Embora esse estudo tenha sido direcionado para clusters relacionados a indústria naval, a semelhança das reações operacionais dos vários clusters industriais leva a crer que estes resultados também possam ser úteis para outros tipos de indústria. Este manuscrito demonstra a importância do cumprimento de alguns objetivos para a obtenção da competitividade sustentável com base na inovação, de clusters industriais.
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LYONS D. (1995) Agglomeration economies among high technology firms in advanced production areas: the case of Denver/Boulder, Reg. Studies 29, 265--278. Research on the agglomeration economies generated by high technology industry has tended to focus on either core high technology areas or fabrication clusters. This paper directs attention to intermediate or advanced production areas through an investigation of the agglomeration advantages generated by high technology firms in the Denver/Boulder region. The results suggest that advanced production areas are characterized by relatively robust and innovative high technology sectors with significant agglomeration advantages derived from the division of labour, new firm formation and, to a lesser extent, local forward and backward linkages. Although small firms account for the majority of firms in the Denver/Boulder area, a small number of large firms are crucial to the future economic health of the area. LYONS D. (1995) Les économies d'agglomération des entreprises à la pointe de la technologie situées dans les zones de production avancées: cas d'étude de Denver/Boulder, Reg. studies 29, 265--278. En régle générale la recherche faite sur les économies d'agglomération engendrées par les industries de pointe a porté sur ou des zones centrales où s'implantent les secteurs de pointe, ou des grappes d'industries de fabrication. Cet article prête une attention toute particuliére aux zones de production intermédiaires ou avancées à partir d'une étude des économies d'agglomeration engendrées par les entreprises à la pointe de la technologie situées dans la région de Denver/Boulder. II s'avére que les zones de production avancées se caractérisent par des secteurs de pointe relativement forts et innovateurs qui jouissent des économies d'agglomeration trés marquées qui remontent à la division du travail, à la création d'entreprises et, dans une moinde mesure, aux échanges locaux en amont et en aval. Bien que les petites entreprises constituent la majorite des entreprises situees dans la région de Denver/Boulder, quelques grandes entreprises sont cruciales auprogrés économique futur de la région. LYONS D. (1995) Ballungswirtschaften unter Hochtechnolo-giefirmen in hochentwickelten Produktionsgebiete:der Fall Denver/Boulders, Reg. Studies 29, 265--278. Die Erforschung der durch Hochtechnologie entstandenen Ballung-wirtschaften hat sich meist entweder mit hotchtechnologis-chen Kerngebieten oder mit Fertigungsklustem befaßt. Dieser Aufsatz lenkt die Aufmerksamk eit auf mittlere und hochen-twickelte Produktionsgebiete, indem sie Ballungsvorteile untersucht, die Hochtechnologiefirmen in Denver/Boulder geschaffen haben. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, daß hochen-twickelte Produktionsgebiete durch relativ starke und innovative Hochtechnologiesektoren mit signifikanten Ballungsvorteilen charakterisiert werden, welche sich aus Arbeitsteilung, der Bildung neuer Firmen und in geringerem Maße auch ortlicher Vor-und Rückkuppelung ableiten. Obschon kleine Betriebe die Mehrheit der Firmen in Denver/Boulder ausmachen, wird die zukunftige wirtschaftliche Gesundheit des Gebietes entscheidend von einer kleinen Anzahl großer Firmen bestimmt.
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Regularities concerning how entry, exit, market structure, and innovation vary from the birth of technologically progressive industries through maturity are summarized. A model emphasizing differences in firm innovative capabilities and the importance of firm size in appropriating the returns from innovation is developed to explain the regularities. The model also explains regularities regarding the relationship within industries between firm size and firm innovative effort, innovative productivity, cost, and profitability. It predicts that over time firms devote more effort to process innovation but the number of firms and the rate and diversity of product innovation eventually wither. Copyright 1996 by American Economic Association.
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