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Flora of the Presidency of Madras
... Previous reports of the species Discospermum sphaerocarpum in India were from the wet and dry evergreen forests from the coast to high altitudes (50-1,000 m) of the Western Ghats regions of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Goa, and Maharashtra (Singh et al. 2015). Gamble (1921) reported the species from Courtallum of Tinnevelly (Tirunelveli) district of Tamil Nadu; later distribution record extended to Cuddalore and Villupuram districts and Coromandel coast (Narayanasami & Natesan 2020). In Kerala, D. sphaerocarpum was earlier reported from the lowelevation evergreen forests of Thiruvananthapuram district (Sasidharan 2004). ...
... However, its recent reports from Philippines (Biag & Alejandro 2021) and Bangladesh (Uddin et al. 2023) are doubtful, as its description or voucher specimens were not available for confirmation. In southern India, the species was recorded from the low altitude to high range (50-1,000 m) evergreen forests of the southern Western Ghats (Figure 1) (Gamble 1921;Singh et al. 2015 ). In Sri Lanka, populations were reported from the dry zone at low altitudes in secondary and rocky areas (Dassanayake 1998). ...
Discospermum sphaerocarpum is a rare species in the tribe Coffeeae of the family Rubiaceae and its occurrence on the Madayippara lateritic plateau of the Kannur district of Kerala, southern India is discussed. This plant is endemic to southern India and Sri Lanka. In Kerala, this species was previously recorded from the low-altitude evergreen forests of Thiruvananthapuram district. The present study gives a detailed description, distribution and figures & images illustrating the diagnostic characters of D. sphaerocarpum for easy identification and conservation.
... Ranga Acharya and Tadulinga Mudhaliyar (1921) in their Handbook of Some Common South Indian grasses described and illustrate about 103 species of Poaceae but unfortunately most of them are from the plain and only a few grasses from Kerala state . Fischer (1934Fischer ( -1936 ...
... Madras. 1767.1934Bor, Grass Bur. ...
During the systematic study on the family Poaceae, the authors came collected a species of Brachiaria from S. D. College campus. Critical studies on the species with the help of flora and herbarium, it is identified as Brachiaria subquaripara. This species has not reported so far from the state of Kerala. Gamble (1921) included the species in the Flora of the Presidency of Madras based on his collection from Medinpur district of West Bengal. This species is now widely distributed in Kerala.
... All the collected plant specimens were pressed, poisoned and mounted on herbarium sheets, herbarium specimens were prepared by standard methodology (Jain and Rao, 1976). Plant species were identified by referring to "Flora of the Presidency of Madras" (Gamble, 1935), "The Flora of the South Indian Hill Stations" ( Fyson, 1915)," Flora of Tamil Nadu " (Nair and Hendry, 1983), "The Flora of Tamil Nadu and Carnatic" (Mathew, 1969)," The Flora of Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu" (Sharma et al, 1975) and "Manual of cultivated plants" (Bailey, 1949). The identified plant specimens were deposited at Government Arts College Herbarium, Udhagamandalam , for future reference. ...
A survey of Asteraceae was conducted in Doddabetta, Aruvankadu, Lamb's rock, Marapplam and Kallar of Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India. A total number of 65 genera and 125 species of Asteraceae were observed. Among them 91 wild plant species, and 34 ornamental plants.
... Voucher specimens were deposited at MH. The available information on grass flora of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was also compiled from secondary literature (Fischer, 1928;Bor, 1960;Kabeer & Nair, 2009;Sreekumar & Nair, 1991;Prasanna & al., 2020;Kellogg & al., 2020;POWO, 2013) and a comprehensive checklist of 412 taxa under 125 genera was prepared. The distribution data on all taxa were recorded. ...
The grass diversity of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR) has been analysed for their distribution, endemism, threat assessment and conservation perspective. Ouf of 412 grass taxa found in NBR, straggering 92 are endemic in India (22.33%) including 14 species strictly endemic to the NBR.
... For every specimen, a field number was provided, and the collected specimens were processed for herbarium and identified in accordance with standard methodology (Jain and Rao, 1977). Collected specimens were identified based on the 'Flora of Presidency Madras' (Gamble andFischer, 1915-1935), Flora of Telangana the 29 th state of India (Pullaiah, 2015), (Reddy and Reddy, 2016) and further confirmed in certain cases, by comparing with the herbarium material housed at National Herbaria and BSI Deccan ...
The present study was designed to document the floristic richness in the vicinity of waterfalls of erstwhile Adilabad district of Telangana state. Species availability, use value, status, and contribution to livelihood security of waterfall flora of this region is still lacking, therefore, it is necessary to study and document the floristic account of the erstwhile Adilabad district. Overall, 550 species were identified, which are belonging to89 families. Out of 550 plant species, herbs are dominated with (255spp.; 46.36%), followed by trees (101spp.;18.36%), climbers (74spp.; 13.45%), grasses (62spp.; 11.27%), shrubs (52spp.; 9.45%), parasitic plants (4spp.; 0.72%)and palms (2spp.; 0.36%).
... The line drawing at K from 'Icones Stocks' has been annotated in pencil by J.E. Stocks' as 'Eria reticosa Wight' and 'Eria uniflora Dalz.' Lindley (1858), while transferring his Dendrobium braccatum into Eria, cited E. reticosa and E. uniflora as synonyms. The treatment was then often followed by some authors (Fischer, 1928;Nayar et al., 2014 as 'Conchidium braccatum'). However, E. braccata can be distinguished from E. reticosa by the absence of a net-like, reticulate sheath on pseudobulbs, obtuse to sub-acute sepals and petals, and an obscurely 3-lobed lip (Agrawala, 2009). ...
The Scottish botanist and forester N.A. Dalzell (1817–1878) described nearly 300 taxa in western India, including nineteen orchid taxa. Nevertheless, most of the orchid names (except eight) were synonymized under earlier available names. The purpose of this paper is to review the orchid names described by Dalzell. All of his collections went to K in parts (some duplicates were later distributed to CAL, DD, and GH), and some of the drawings have been distributed to E and BM. The orchid collections from western India by Dalzell, J.S. Law (1810–1885), and D. Ritchie (1809–1866) housed at K were arranged and labelled by J.E. Stocks (1820–1854) and are briefly discussed here along with the associated drawings. Confusion in the application of two names, Dendrobium filiforme Wight and D. dalzellii Hook. is discussed, and a new combination Porpax dalzellii ( Hook.) Nandikar & Bramhad. comb. nov. is proposed. The earliest names, Habenaria laciniata Dalzell and Habenaria modesta Dalzell, are resurrected against Habenaria gibsonii Hook.f. and Habenaria ovalifolia Wight respectively. A note on their taxonomic flux with congeneric taxa is also provided with photographs. The protologues and remnants of Dalzell’s collection do not indicate the precise original material, and some material is likely to have been lost. Except for Micropera Lindl., Dalzell’s remaining orchid names included here are typified.
... The fresh material of the research plant, B.longiflora was collected from Jambuthu Malai Hills of Salem district, Tamil Nadu. The plant was identified with the help of standard local flora [10,11]. The herbarium specimen (Specimen No.BSI/SRC/5/23/2017/Tech/1673) was authenticated by Botanical survey of India, Coimbatore Division, Tamil Nadu. ...
... Medicinal plants were documented and collected within 200 meters of the seashore. The plants were identified using the Flora of the Presidency of Madras (Gamble & Fischer, 1915) with the support of plant taxonomy experts. The recorded species were classified as annuals, perennials, phanerogams, and cryptogams. ...
... Distribution of this species as Deccan, arid rocky hills near Coimbatore at an elevation of about 600m (Gamble and Fischer, 1923).This plant is usually seen in rock crevices. The local people use the sap of young stems to treat obesity. ...
Antiangiogenic activity of crude ethanolic, methanolic, ethyl acetate and
chloroform extracts of Boucerosia diffusa and B. truncato-coronata were assessed
through in vivo CAM assay. Chloroform and ethanolic extract of B.diffusa showed
higher angiogenic activities (45.7 and 44.4 respectively) and inhibition of vessel
number. In B. truncato-coronata, higher angiogenic activity 65.90 and less vessel
number was observed in methanolic extract. B. diffusa and B. truncato-coronata
extracts inhibited angiogenesis by blocking normal vascularization
... The quadrate size for trees, shrubs, and herbs was 10 x 10m, 5 x 5m and 1x 1m respectively [11]. The specimens were identified from their key vegetative and reproductive features using the Flora of Nalgonda district [12], Flora of Guntur district [13] and Flora of the Presidency of Madras [14]. The plant species collected were processed and mounted on herbarium sheets. ...
The present study deals with the quantitative floristic inventory of Peddagattu and Sherepally area, Nalgonda district, Telangana State, India. The study resulted in documentation of 50 tree species belongs to 41 genera and 35 families. The families, Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Fabaceae are dominated. Among the tree species Cassia fistula has showed highest IVI in Peddagattu, while in Sherepally Albizia amara has recorded highest IVI. Shannon–Wiener index (H') ranges from 2.41 to 3.03. The present study can serve as baseline information for phytosociolgical studies on tree species of Peddagattu and Sherepally area, a proposed site for Uranium mining project, Nalgonda district, Telangan State, India.
... Through interviews and discussions, information of wild edible plants used for strengthens the immune system gathered. Plants collected and herbarium specimens prepared then identified with the help of Floras and internet sources (Gamble & Fisher, 1957;Singh, 1988;& Seetharam et al., 2000). ...
... During the field visits, the plant specimens were collected at different reproductive stages to prepare herbarium specimens. The collected specimens were identified taxonomically with the help of available floras and literature (Hooker, 1984;Gamble andFischer, 1915 -1936;Manilal & Sivarajan, 1982;Sasidharan, 2004). The nomenclature of each species has been brought up to data as per the rules given in the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN). ...
The present study on edible plants, which are distributed in Ramanattukara, Kozhikode District of Kerala highlights, there are about 50 species of plants belonging to 38 genera and 25 families of edible potential plants in the study area. The present analyses also revealed their distribution pattern, medico-potentiality and nativity.
... The values of frequency was calculated by using the following formula (Misra, 1968). Standard literature of Gamble and Fischer (1915), Rao and Hara Sreeramulu, (1986), Botany Pullaiah and Chennaiah (1997) were used to identify the Bryophytic flora of Maredumilli forest division. ...
Eastern Ghats of East Godavari District consists of a series of detached hill ranges of heterogeneous composition offersvariety of plants from lower group of plant kingdom to higher group of plants. Low temperature and high rainfall promote the growth and development of various plant groups especially aerophytic algae (sub aerophytic algae/corticolous algae), Bryophytes and Pteridophytes along with angiosperms. Present investigation was undertaken to study the distribution of bryophytes in the Maredumilli forest division in relation to its seasonal changes. Studies were made in three different seasons of the year during October 2018 to September 2019. A total of 10 species were reported and its frequency was measured by quadrate method. Higher frequency values were recorded during the post monsoon season while lower frequency values were observed in pre monsoon season. Key words: Distribution, Seasonal changes, Frequency, Bryophytes, Maredumilli, Eastern Ghats of India.
... The collected specimens were authenticated with help of available Floras and Literature such as Flora of India vol: 23 (1), Flora of The Presidency of Madras (7), A hand book of Coimbatore (30), Flora of Coimbatore (3), Flora of Agasthyamala (18), Flora of Calicut (16), Flowering plants of Trissur forests (26), Flora of Palghat (34), Flora of Courtallum (20), Flora of Nilambur (Sivarajan and Mathew, 1996), Flora of Silent valley (Manilal, 1988), Flora of Thiruvananthapuram (17), Revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon (4), Flora of Thenmalai (31), Flora of Pathanamthitta (Western Ghats, Kerala, India) (13). The specimens where deposited in Dev herbarium, St. Joseph's college Devagiri, Calicut. ...
Aims: The Comparative analysis of three species of Croton; Croton aromaticus, C. malabaricus andC. tiglium were carried out based on morphology, anatomy and phytochemistry.
Methods and Material: Morphological characterizations of different plant parts were carried outand the details of plant parts characterized by using LABOMED CSM2stereo microscope andphotographs were taken by using Leica EZ4Hd camera. Anatomical studies were done foridentifying and comparing the selected species of Croton based on sectioning and staining methodalso used compound microscope-LABOMED CXLPLUS. Phytochemical characterization of plantparts carried out plant extraction method, preliminary phytochemical analysis and also HPTLC.
Results: Family Euphorbiaceae is one of the most complex, heterogeneous, large and diverse familyof herbs, shrubs and trees. Croton is one of the largest genera in the family Euphorbiaceae.Comparative analysis of three species of Croton; Croton aromaticus, C. malabaricus and C. tigliumwere carried out based on morphology, anatomy and phytochemistry. C. tiglium is morphologicallydistinct from the rest of two by the absence of trichomes in it. Anatomy was almost similar in thesethree species. But most of the phytochemical constituents present in the leaves of these three speciesthan its stem. Based on the HPTLC analysis most of the phytochemical constituents are present in C.aromaticus and least number of components are present in C. malabaricus.
Conclusion: This studyalso highlights its great value for future studies to disclose their potential medicinal values forhuman welfare.Conclusions: By analysing the morphology, anatomy and phytochemistry of selected Croton speciesleads to interpret the ethanomedicinal value which is helpful for the society to reveal the activeprinciple behind it for pharmacological applications in the near future.
... Majority of our plots are smaller in size (≤1 ha) in which survey would summarized as Table 7. Complete inventory of woody individuals ≥1 cm dbh were done and each individual was permanently tagged with sequentially numbered aluminium tags. In the 10-ha plot, a total of 25,390 individuals of 106 woody species were recorded [25]. These individuals were belonging to 44 families and 81 genera. ...
Forests across the globe have been exploited for resouces, and over the years the demand has increased, and forests are rather exploited instead of sustainable use. Focussed research on vegetation and forerst dynamics is necessary to preserve biodiversity and functioning of forests for sustanence of human life on Earth.This article emphasis that the India has a long history of traditional knowledge on forest and plants, and explorations from 17th century on forests and provided subsequent scientific approach on classification of forests. This also explains the developments of quantitative approach on the understanding of vegetation and forest diversity. Four case studies viz., Mudumalai, Sholayar, Uppangala, Kakachi permanent plots in the forests of Western Ghats has been explained in detail about their sampling methods with a note on the results of forest monitoring. In the case of deciduous forests, the population of plant species showed considerable fluctuations but basal area has been steadily increasing over time, and this is reflecting carbon sequestration. In Sholayar, a total of 25390 individuals of 106 woody species was recorded for < 1 cm diameter at breast height in the first census of the 10 ha plot in the tropical evergreen forest. In Uppangala, 1) a 27- year long investigation revealed that residual impact of logging in the evergreen forests and such forests would take more time to resemble unlogged forests in terms of composition and structure; 2) across a similar temporal scale, the unlogged plots trees < 30 cm gbh showed a more or less similar trend in mortality (an average of 0.8% year-1) and recruitment (1%). The Kakachi plot study revealed that 1) endemic species showed least change in stem density and basal area whereas widely distributed species showed greater change in both; 2) The overall recruitment of trees was 0.86 % per year and mortality 0.56% per year resulting in an annual turnover of 0.71% ; 3) majority of the gap species had high levels of recruitment and mortality resulting in a high turnover.Such studies can be used as early warning system to understand how the response of individual plants, species and forests with the climatic variability. In conclusion, the necessity of implementation of national level projects, the way forward of two such studies: 1) impact of climate change on Indian forests through Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE) colloborations and 2) Indian long term ecological observatorion, including the sampling protocols of such studies. This will be the first of its kind in India to address climate change issues at national and international level and helps to trace footprints of climate change impacts through vegetation and also reveals to what extent our forests are resilient to changes in the climate.
... The generic name Pentatropis is derived from Greek words penta meaning 'five' and tropis meaning 'a keel', referring to the shape of the corona (Jagtap & Singh 1999). The genus is characterized by slender twining herbs or undershrubs, semi succulent leaves, small purplish flowers with rotate corolla and corona of five erect laterally compressed processes with an upcurved spur at base (Gamble & Fischer 1936). Pentatropis capensis is highly medicinal and the whole plant is used as antifungal, antiseptic, coolant and useful in skin diseases (Pandey et al. 2005). ...
Pentatropis capensis (L. f.) Bullock. is being reported for the first time from the state of Kerala, India. The extended distribution is discussed with notes on ecology.
... Most of the members of Lamiaceae are herbaceous, but some are shrubs. They are known for their aromatic nature as they yield essential oils from almost all parts of the plant, and hence are extensively cultivated [9,10]. ...
... Species were photographed and maintained as digital herbaria, in the Environmental Study Centre. The tree species were confirmed to the taxonomic level by referring to the various regional floras [24][25][26][27] of Karnataka, south India. ...
To learn about the abandoned mined area tree diversity, aboveground biomass and carbon stock a study was conducted in quartz mined Bilikal hillock area which is geographically adjacent to Umbalebylu 8 km to Bhadra wildlife sanctuary and 10 km of Kuvempu University. In the present study 0.14ha (350 m×4m) transect, we recorded 1527 individuals comprising 22 families among them Papilionaceae with 6 genera and 7 species, Combretaceae with 2 genera and 4 species followed by Rubiaceae with 3 genera and 3 species and Apocynaceae with 2 genera and 3 species. Based on girth class assessment nearly 1564 individuals comprising 1-10 cm had 559 individuals, the basal area was more within the girth class of 40-50 cm. But aboveground biomass and carbon stock were highest within the girth class of 20-30 cm. varying with species structure and girth class were a disturbed forest patch, the species composition needs management and restoration to retain the biodiversity intact to provide a niche for other co-species.
... Species were photographed and maintained as digital herbaria, in the Environmental Study Centre. The tree species were confirmed to the taxonomic level by referring to the various regional floras [24][25][26][27] of Karnataka, south India. ...
To learn about the abandoned mined area tree diversity, aboveground biomass and carbon stock a study was conducted in quartz mined Bilikal hillock area which is geographically adjacent to Umbalebylu 8 km to Bhadra wildlife sanctuary and 10 km of Kuvempu University. In the present study 0.14ha (350 m×4m) transect, we recorded 1527 individuals comprising 22 families among them Papilionaceae with 6 genera and 7 species, Combretaceae with 2 genera and 4 species followed by Rubiaceae with 3 genera and 3 species and Apocynaceae with 2 genera and 3 species. Based on girth class assessment nearly 1564 individuals comprising 1-10 cm had 559 individuals, the basal area was more within the girth class of 40-50 cm. But aboveground biomass and carbon stock were highest within the girth class of 20-30 cm. varying with species structure and girth class were a disturbed forest patch, the species composition needs management and restoration to retain the biodiversity intact to provide a niche for other co-species.
... In India, it is reported from Assam, Jharkhand, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Odisha states (Hooker, 1890). Perusal of literature revealed that, it has been not reported from Andhra Pradesh (Fischer, 1928;Misra, 2004;Pullaiah, 2018;Singh & al. 2019;Prasad & al. 2019). Hence, it is reported here as a new distributional record for Andhra Pradesh. ...
Habenaria reniformis (D. Don) Hook.f., (Orchidaceae) collected from Papikonda National Park, East Godavari district (Andhra Pradesh) is reported here as a new distributional record for the state. Detailed description along with a photo plate is provided for easy identiication.
... The specimens were carefully identified using previously published regional floras (Hooker, 1897;Fischer, 1934;Matthew, 1970Matthew, , 1976Matthew, , 1983Prakash and Jain, 1984;Deshpande, 1984;Matthew, 1991Matthew, , 1999Henry et al., 1989;Kabeer and Nair, 2009;Britto, 2019), taxonomic revisions and recent literature for correct identification and nomenclature updating. The specimens were also compared with authentic specimens deposited at Madras Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, Coimbatore. ...
The present study deals with an account of grasses (Poaceae) collected from Pudukkottai district of Tamil Nadu, India. The study records 91 species under 56 genera and the most dominant genus is Eragrostis (7 species), Brachiaria, Panicum (5 species each). Besides twenty one (21) species were first time reported from Pudukkottai district. Three species are endemic to India, among them Chrysopogon hackelii and Iseilema anthephoroides are endemic to Peninsular India.
... of the family Rubiaceae is well distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Govaerts et al. 2013). In India, the occurrence of the genus Oldenlandia is often debated with variable number of citations as 27 species (Hooker 1880) in the Flora of British India and 45 species (Gamble & Fischer 1923) in the Madras Presidency region alone. Estimates reveal the documentation of 14 species and one variety from the state of Kerala (Sasidharan 2011;Jose et al. 2015;Soumya et al. 2017). ...
Oldenlandia hygrophila Bremek., a lesser known taxon has been relocated from the type location in the Palghat (Palakkad) gap region of southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India, and is described. Setiform cuticular protuberances all over the plant, branching pattern, stipule length, axillary solitary blue flower, corolla lobes not spreading during anthesis, size of flower, presence of hyaline hairs inside corolla tube, calyx lobe reaching one-fourth of the corolla tube, exerted anthers with glabrous filaments, sub - globose capsule and seed surface pattern are some of the peculiar features which makes this taxa different from other Oldenlandia species. After its type collection in 1972, this endemic taxa could not be relocated from its type locality till date.
... All the three different sps of Opuntia (Fig. 2, 3, 4) were collected from different parts of Hyderabad Karnataka Region and identified by referring, Flora of Presidency of Madras, Flora of Gulbarga district and the Flora of Karnataka [37][38][39]. The cladode and fruits were shade dried, powdered mechanically and made into ash in a crucible of furnace at 65°C for 48h [40]. ...
... Uses of plants as given by them were recorded and voucher specimens were also collected simultaneously, for authentication of information and future record through herbaria. The collected ethnomedicinal information was recorded on field notebooks and plants were identified using the Flora of the Presidency of Madras (Gamble and Fischer 1935) and Flora of Tamil Nadu-Carnatic (Mathew, 1983). ...
Ethnobotanical knowledge plays an important role in therapeutic beneficial by traditional people of the Yercaud hills, Eastern ghats of the State Tamil Nadu. This current study focused on documentation of medicinal plants used to treat several ailments. Enlightenment of medicinal plants data was gathered from the Malayali tribes, using an integrated approach like botanical collections, group discussion and interviews with questionnaires in the year 2018 – 2019. During the survey a total number of 40 ethnomedicinal plant species belonging to 38 genera and 25 families were documented. Traditional names of the plants by traditional healers and local community members were prepared as a checklist. The checklist of medicinal plants used by Malayali tribes are listed with botanical name, vernacular name, family, parts used, mode of preparation, mode of admiration and medicinal uses. We observed that the documented ethnomedicinal plants were commonly used to treating snakebite, earache, chest pain, body pain, lumbago, eczema, haemorrhoids, jaundice, dog bite, sprain, beetle bite, epididymitis, bone fracture, arthritis and painful menstruation. The results of this study showed that the tribal people still depended on medicinal plants in Yercaud Hills for treating various diseases. This would be a baseline data of medicinal plants for future research and potential development of novel drugs.
... In the Western Ghats, only six species (Pilea angulata (Blume) Blume, P. kingii C.E.C.Fisch., P. melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd., P. microphylla (L.) Liebm., P. victoriae V.Suresh & Sojan and P. wightii Wedd.) are reported (Fischer, 1928;Nayar et al., 2014;Sojan et al., 2017). The genus Pilea comprises succulent herbs, epiphytes and shrubs, growing in shallow substrates in moist and shaded habitats. ...
Pilea hyalina Fenzl (Urticaceae), a species indigenous to the Neotropics is reported here as a new record for Asia based on collections from four South Indian states (Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu). This species had previously been known to occur only in Central and South America, but has recently been reported from Hawaii and Belgium, outside its area of nativity. A detailed description along with an illustration and photographic images are provided. The number of species of Pilea in Peninsular India is seven, according to the present report.
... The demographic characteristics of the respondents are given in Table 1. Collected plant specimens were identified with the help of local and regional floras [12][13][14]. Preserved specimens were housed in the herbarium of the Department of Botany, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam for further reference. ...
Background
The present study was conducted among the Kani, a tribe settled in the Pechiparai hills of Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, to document and quantify their traditional knowledge on the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various human ailments.
Methods
Ethnomedicinal data were collected from the Kani by using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by using use value (UV), informant consensus factor (Fic), fidelity level (FL) and family use value (FUV).
Results
In total, 138 species representing 126 genera belonging to 60 families were reported to have medicinal value and were extensively used by the tribe. Leguminosae was the most speciose family, including 14% (19 species) of identified species. Leaf (50%; 69 species) was found to be the part most used to prepare drugs; leaf extract in the form of juice (26%) was the most widely used preparation; and remedies were often administered orally (53%). The highest UV was recorded for Aristolochia indica (0.35) with 18 use reports, whereas the highest Fic (0.09) was noted for the ailment category ‘fever’. The wide use of Curcuma longa has strong pharmacological evidence – that it is effective in treating various ailments.
Conclusion
The present study was the first quantitative survey of the traditional use of medicinal plants by the Kani and will help in the conservation of this invaluable inheritance.
A total of 133 species spanning 119 genera and 46 families have been identified in the Karekura village, Srirangapatna taluk, Mandya district, Karnataka. Dicotyledons make up 40 families, 103 genera and 108 species. There are 6 families, 14 genera and 14 species represented by monocotyledons. The Asteraceae family, which has 15 species is the most prevalent family out of the 46 families gathered.
The paper enumerates 59 species of orchids collected from the Yellapur taluk, Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka state.
A study was conducted in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR), in the Southern Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, to document the wide range of wild orchids in the area and evaluate their conservation status. The ATR, known for its high species diversity, is a protected region spanning a core area of 958.59 km2 and a buffer area of 521.28 km2. The main objective of the study was to investigate and assess the diversity of orchids within the reserve, providing essential information for their conservation. The present study revealed the presence of 137 orchid species belonging to 56 genera in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve. Among them, 37 species forms an addition to the orchid flora of the reserve. The dominant genus in ATR is Dendrobium followed by Habenaria, and Oberonia.
Sacred groves are natural patches of forested land that are protected by local communities for religious or cultural reasons. The present study was carried out in Gubbalamangamma sacred grove, which was in Bhadradri Kothagudem district, Telangana state. Overall, 472 species were identified in the sacred grove, which belongs to 38 orders: 315 genera & 96 families. The major life forms recorded in the sacred grove are herbs (215; 45.55%), followed by trees (106; 22.45%), climbers (65;13.77%), shrubs (50;10.59%), grasses (29; 6.14%) and orchids (7; 1.48%). The Sacred grove forest ecosystem have been documented to investigate how most species are used by ethnic and non-ethnic people in the grove and its surrounding areas.
Two endemic species of Habenaria, H. crassifolia A. Rich. and H. grandifloriformis Blatt. & McCann collected from Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh are reported here as new distributional records. A brief description, distribution, field notes and photographs are provided for both species.
The current paper highlights the traditional and religious significance of sacred vascular plants, of two sacred groves (Uliya Kavu 1 & 2) of district, Kasaragod, Kerala. During the study, there were about 20 species of vascular plants belonging to 14 different families were listed. The religious power of these plants and their role in worship of the god / goddess was also painted. This paper also highlights the importance of maintaining such holines spatches are an urgent need, because changes in public belief, modern development, and erosion of cultural practices are at stake or factors that contribute to the damage to the heritage of the ancient centre.
Morphology of Aerides maculosa Lindl. with variations observed in the biotypes from Rajasthan and Orissa is provided in this communication supported by scientific drawings.
Dispersal units, technically seeds, fruits, and infructescences equipped with wings for their long-distance dispersal are called winged diaspores. The diversity of flowering plants in South India is noteworthy, and they create a wide range of diaspore morphologies, as evident in their dispersal methods. The present study was carried out to prepare a list of woody angiosperms (both native and introduced) in South India, producing winged diaspores, and to analyze their morphological variations, wing formation, and significance in dispersal. Information from field studies and available literature resulted in a list of 186 species (of which 40 are introduced) that produce winged diaspores, distributed among 26 families in South India. The wings in these diaspores develop from the integument, ovary, perianth whorls, or bracts. With a variety of morphology and flight behaviors, they are generally adapted to dispersal by wind, with the exception of a few that are adapted to dispersal by water. The study shows that the wings of the diaspores are significant to their survival and distribution.
An ethnomedicinal survey among the kalrayan hills, Salem district, Tamil Nadu during September 2010 to February 2012. A total of 64 species of ethnomedicinal plants belonging to 34 families and 10 species of ethno veterinary plants belonging to 10 families were reported with the help of standard flora among local healers, village head man and elderly tribal persons. The medicinal plants used by village people, tribal and are arranged alphabetically followed by botanical name, family name, local and English name and their therapeutic uses
Tropical forests have long been accepted for their productivity and ecosystem services on account of their high diversity and stand structural attributes. In spite of their significance, tropical forests, and especially those of Asia, remain understudied. Until recently, most forest inventories in Asia have concentrated on trees 10 cm in diameter. Floristic composition, plant species diversity, above ground biomass, basal area and diversity were investigated across different life form and two-diameter classes in a large scale 10-ha plot, in the undisturbed tropical seasonal rain forest of Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. Regeneration pattern of the study area was examined by evaluating fisher's alpha and IVI (Important Value Index) across three layer of vegetation (seedling, sapling, and tree). Within the plot, we recorded 25,390 woody plant species ≥1 cm dbh from 45 families, 91 genera, and 106 species. Plant density was 2539 woody individuals per hectare, with a basal area of 47.72 m 2 /ha and an above-ground biomass of 421.77 Mg/ha. By basal area, density, and frequency, the Rubiaceae, Sapotaceae, and Malvaceae families were the most important. Small-diameter trees (1 cm ≤ dbh ≤10 cm) found to be 78 percent of the total tree population, 20.2 percent of the basal area, and 1.4 percent of the aboveground biomass. They also possessed 6 percent more diversity at the family level, 10% more diversity at the genus level, and 12% more diversity at the species level than woody individuals under 10 cm dbh.. Woody individuals of treelets life form and small-diameter classes were much more diverse and dense than the other groups, indicating that results based only on larger canopy trees and larger diameter class may be not an appropriate representation of the diversity status of a particular tropical forest type. Lower density of individuals in initial girth class indicates the vulnerability of the forest system to anthropogenic, natural disturbance and a changing climate.
Keywords: Permanent plot; Tropical forest; diversity; Life form; Regeneration Dynamics
In the systematic study of Panicoid grasses of southern India and in the process of taxonomic validation of grasses described from India, Ischaemum thomsonianum Stapf ex C.E.C.Fisch. is lectotypified with taxonomic notes. Lectotypification de Ischaemum thomsonianum Stapf ex C.E.C.Fisch. (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Andropogoneae). Dans l'tude systmatique des gramines panicodes du sud de l'Inde et dans le processus de validation taxonomique des gramines dcrites de l'Inde, Ischaemum thomsonianum Stapf ex C.E.C.Fisch. est lectotypifie avec des notes taxonomiques.
Miliusa agasthyamalana (Annonaceae), a new species from the Western Ghats, India is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to M.paithalmalayana and M. wightiana. Detailed notes on the species along with its color photographs and illustrations are provided.
Momordica janarthanamii sp. nov., from the Nashik district of Maharashtra state, India, is described and illustrated. The new species is closely related to Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Colored photographs, distribution, ecological notes and economical values of the new species are provided. A key to the dioecious species of Momordica of India is provided to facilitate identification.
Tropical forests have long been accepted for their productivity and ecosystem services on account of their high diversity and stand structural attributes. In spite of their significance, tropical forests, and especially those of Asia, remain understudied. Until recently, most forest inventories in Asia have concentrated on trees 10 cm in diameter. Floristic composition, plant species diversity, above-ground biomass, basal area, and diversity were investigated across different life forms and two-diameter classes in a large-scale 10-ha plot, in the undisturbed tropical seasonal rain forest of Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. The regeneration pattern of the study area was examined by evaluating fisher's alpha and IVI (Important Value Index) across three layers of vegetation (seedling, sapling, and tree). Within the plot, we recorded 25,390 woody plant species ≥1 cm dbh from 45 families, 91 genera, and 106 species. Plant density was 2539 woody individuals per hectare, with a basal area of 47.72 m2/ha and above-ground biomass of 421.77 Mg/ha. By basal area, density, and frequency, the Rubiaceae, Sapotaceae, and Malvaceae families were the most important. Small-diameter trees (1 cm ≤ dbh ≤10 cm) were found to be 78 percent of the total tree population, 20.2 percent of the basal area, and 1.4 percent of the aboveground biomass. They also possessed 6 percent more diversity at the family level, 10% more diversity at the genus level, and 12% more diversity at the species level than woody individuals under 10 cm dbh. Woody individuals of treelets life form and small-diameter classes were much more diverse and dense than the other groups, indicating that results based only on larger canopy trees and larger diameter class maybe not be an appropriate representation of the diversity status of a particular tropical forest type. The lower density of individuals in the initial girth class indicates the vulnerability of the forest system to anthropogenic, natural disturbance and a changing climate. Reduce the minimum diameter limit down to 1 cm, in contrast to 10 cm limit used in most of the evergreen forest inventories, revealed a high density and diversity in the lower stories.
The recent floristic explorations in Bhadradri Kothagudem district yielded three flowering plants as additions to the Flora of Telangana state. These additions include new record of one family Rhizophoraceae Pers., represented by Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. and two species records from the family Linderniaceae Borsch, Kai Müll. & Eb.Fisch. viz. Torenia godefroyi Bonati and Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Alston. Detailed morphological description, distribution, habitat and ecology, and photographs of each species are provided. A brief account on the phytogeographical importance of the present additions is given.
The identities of two historical names, Zingiber neesanum (≡ Alpinia neesana) and Z. macrostachyum are re-investigated. Both have been considered to represent the same taxonomic entity by various workers in the past 160 years. Yet, based on traditional usage, they were applied to two distinct taxa occurring in the Western Ghats (India), both superficially similar by having long-stalked inflorescences, but much distinct in flower colour and overall morphology. Alpinia neesana was originally described only from fruiting material, while Z. macrostachyum was described from flowering material of a species with white flowers. Dalzell's presumption that his taxon was identical to Graham's, and unambiguous inclusion of A. neesana in his description made his name nomenclaturally superfluous and illegitimate. After realising the illegitimacy of Dalzell's name, a new combination was created in Zingiber for A. neesana. The name Z. neesanum continued to be applied sensu Dalzell to the white-flowered species mainly in the central and southern Western Ghats, but it was also applied to a yellow-flowered species in the northern Western Ghats, for which another name, Z. diwakarianum, was proposed recently. Despite the absence of any original material relating to Graham's or Dalzell's descriptions, re-collections from the type localities prove beyond any reasonable doubt that the yellow-flowered species is the true Z. neesanum, making Z. diwakarianum a synonym, and that the existing name Z. anamalayanum has to be applied to the white-flowered species, originally described by Dalzell as Z. macrostachyum. The significance of authentic primary data sources concerning botanical history such as correspondence and manuscripts of collectors and botanists, and the importance of making these resources widely accessible through digitisation are highlighted.
In present communication we have focusing on the floristic wealth of Swamy
Vivekananda Vidya Samsthe, which is located at Shikaripura taluk of Karnataka. In
this enumeration we have documented of 256 plants belongs to 71 families. The
maintenance of rich biodiversity in the environment must be an overriding objective for
production activities, especially in the primary sector. The campus covers an area of
~25 acres and in the campus Poaceae is the dominated family with 24 species,
followed by Fabaceae & Apocynaceae. Among the habitat form of the plants Herbs
represents (34%) followed by shrubs (28%) and trees (25%). The campus is rich in wild
or uncultivated plants 56 % and cultivated plant are 44%. Medicinal plant (33%) and
ornamental plant are occurs 27% occurs in the campus. The present study reveals
that there is a scope for constructing the well organized medicinal garden or botanical
garden in the campus. It is very important to develop botanical gardens with
indigenous/local; RET species and medicinal plants, to create awareness on
conservation of precious plant biodiversity in the educational institutes.
Identification of flora is necessary for a defined region, as it plays an important role in maintaining the identity of the area. An inventory of the plant species in Kukkiripara, Maranalloor panchayath, Kattakada was made during 2019-2020. A total of 110 plant species belonging to 37 families were recorded. The detailed key for the species was prepared. Plants were classified as per the APG IV system and compared with Bentham and Hooker's system. Habit wise classification showed that herbs were dominating with 49 species. The most leading family was Leguminosae with 17 plant species. A sum of 29 ethnomedicinal plant species was documented. During the study, 7 endemic species were documented from the region. The study attempted to provide first-hand data and a checklist of different plant species present in the area. This pioneer floristic information will provide a useful starting point for further ecological and bio-prospective researches and will serve as a baseline for future research activities.
Ischaemum amboliense (Poaceae, Andropogoneae), a new species of Muraina grass, is described and illustrated here. The new species is closely allied to I. travancorense but differs from it in having annual habit and erect posture, culm with sparsely hairy nodes, well-exerted racemes, lower glumes of sessile spikelets with 3-4 side nodules without ridges, upper glume of sessile spikelets with bicuspidate apex and margins with a membranous wing on one side of apical region and lower lemma of sessile spikelets winged on both sides towards the apex. A strict consensus tree obtained from the Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses of trnLC-trnLD and ETS datasets supported the novelty of the species. Here, we provide a detailed morphological description, molecular phylogenetic analysis, distribution map, and photo-plates of the novel and allied species.
This communication reports the new distributional record of Trisetopsis aspera (Munro ex Thwaites) Roser & A. Wolk to the flora of Central Western Ghats of Karnataka, India from the montane high lands of Baba Budangiri hills of Chikkamagaluru district.
Forest fragmentation and habitat loss are major disruptors of plant–frugivore interactions, affecting seed dispersal and altering recruitment patterns of the dependent tree species. In a heterogeneous production landscape (primarily tea and coffee plantations) in the southern Western Ghats, India, we examined effects of surrounding forest cover and fruit crop size on frugivory of four rainforest bird‐dispersed tree species (N = 131 trees, ≥30 trees per species, observed for 623 hr). Frugivore composition differed among the four tree species with the large‐seeded Canarium strictum and Myristica dactyloides being exclusively dependent on large‐bodied avian frugivores, whereas medium‐seeded Persea macrantha and Heynea trijuga were predominantly visited by small‐bodied and large‐bodied avian frugivores, respectively. Using the seed‐dispersal‐effectiveness framework, we identified effective frugivores and examined their responses to forest cover and fruit crop size. Results were idiosyncratic and were governed by plant and frugivore traits. Visitations to medium‐seeded Persea had a positive relationship with forest cover but the relationship was negative for the large‐seeded Myristica . In addition, two of the three effective frugivores for Persea responded to the interactive effect of forest cover and fruit crop size. Frugivore visitations to Heynea were not related to forest cover or fruit crop, and there were too few visitations to Canarium to discern any trends. These results highlight the context‐specific responses of plant–frugivore interactions to forest cover and fruit crop size influenced by plant and frugivore traits.
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