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Modeling Probability of Path Loss for DSDV, OLSR and DYMO above 802.11 and 802.11p
... Others present the path loss model and comparison for DSDV and OLSR above 802.11 and 802.11p [13]. ...
This paper evaluates and compares the performance of two routing protocols, one is reactive, Dynamic MANET On-Demand (DYMO) and other is proactive, Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) and Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). Performance of these protocols is analyzed using three performance metrics; Packet Delivery Ratio, Normalized Routing Overhead and End-to-End Delay against varying scalabilities of nodes. We perform these simulations with NS-2 using TwoRayGround propagation model. The SUMO simulator is used to generate a random mobility pattern for VANETs. From the extensive simulations, we observe that DYMO performs better than OLSR for both VANETs and MANETs at the cost of delay. Moreover, DYMO performs better in VANETs as compared to MANETs.
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently gained a lot of popularity due to their rapid deployment and instant communication capabilities. WMNs are dynamically self-organized, self-configured and self-healed, with the nodes in the network automatically establishing an ad hoc network and preserving the mesh connectivity. Due to the increasing interest on wireless mesh architectures, a new IEEE working group, 802.11s has recently created. The purpose of this working group is to standardize the architectures and protocols that support both broadcast/multicast and unicast delivery between Access Points (APs). In this paper, a detailed simulation based performance study and analysis is performed on the reactive routing protocols over such kind of networks. Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) routing protocol are considered as the representative of reactive routing protocols. The performance differentials are investigated using varying traffic load and number of source. Based on the simulation results, how the performance of each protocol can be improved is also recommended.
A Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is an in-stance of MANETs that establishes wireless connections between cars. In VANETs, routing protocols and other techniques must be adapted to vehicular-specific capabilities and requirements. As many previous works have shown, routing performance is greatly dependent to the availability and stability of wireless links, which makes it a crucial parameter that should not be neglected in order to obtain accurate performance measurements in VANETs. Although routing protocols have already been analyzed and compared in the past, simulations and comparisons have almost always been done considering random motions. But could we assess that those results hold if performed using realistic urban vehicular motion patterns ? In this paper, we evaluate AODV and OLSR performance in realistic urban scenarios. We study those protocols under varying metrics such as node mobility and vehicle density, and with varying traffic rates. We show that clustering effects created by cars aggregating at intersections have remarkable impacts on evaluation and performance metrics. Our objective is to provide a qualitative assessment of the applicability of the protocols in different vehicular scenarios.
Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) can be used in many different ap-plications. However, they lack standards and, as a consequence, a number of issues must still be addressed to ensure the proper functioning of these networks. Amongst these issues, routing is this paper's main concern. Thus, we propose the use of multiple metrics with the proactive Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol, in order to provide quality of service routing. Even though it has already been proved that routing with multiple metrics is an NP-complete problem, we show how the techniques of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Pruning may be combined to perform multiple-metric routing, offering the best available routes based on the considered metrics. A study on the performance of the metrics considered for the proposal is also carried out in the NS simulator.
In this paper, we have modeled the routing over- head generated by three
reactive routing protocols; Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic
Source Routing (DSR) and DYnamic MANET On-deman (DYMO). Routing performed by
reactive protocols consists of two phases; route discovery and route
maintenance. Total cost paid by a protocol for efficient routing is sum of the
cost paid in the form of energy consumed and time spent. These protocols
majorly focus on the optimization performed by expanding ring search algorithm
to control the flooding generated by the mechanism of blind flooding. So, we
have modeled the energy consumed and time spent per packet both for route
discovery and route maintenance. The proposed framework is evaluated in NS-2 to
compare performance of the chosen routing protocols.
An ad-hoc network is the cooperative engagement of a collection of Mobile Hosts without the required intervention of any centralized Access Point. In this paper we present an innovative design for the operation of such ad-hoc networks. The basic idea of the design is to operate each Mobile Host as a specialized router, which periodically advertises its view of the interconnection topology with other Mobile Hosts within the network. This amounts to a new sort of routing protocol. We have investigated modifications to the basic BellmanFord routing mechanisms, as specified by the Routing Information Protocol, making it suitable for a dynamic and self-starting network mechanism as is required by users wishing to utilize ad-hoc networks. Our modifications address some of the previous objections to the use of Bellman-Ford, related to the poor looping properties of such algorithms in the face of broken links and the resulting time dependent nature of the interconnection topology describing th...
This dissertation endeavors to contribute enhancements in goodputsof the IEEE 802.11-based Wireless Multi-hop Networks (WMhNs).By performing exhaustive simulations, for the deep analysis and detailed assessment of both reactive (AODV, DSR, DYMO) and proactive (DSDV, FSR, OLSR) protocols for varying mobilities, speeds, network loads and scalabilities, it is observed that a routing link metric is a significant component of a routing protocol. In addition to finding all available paths, the fastest end-to-end route is selected by a link metric for the routing protocol. This study aims the quality routing. In the class of quality link metrics, Expected Transmission Count (ETX) is extensively used. Thus, the most recently proposed ETX-based metrics have been analyzed. Though, newly developed metrics over perform ETX but still they can be improved. By profound analysis and particularized comparison of routing protocols depending upon their classes (reactive and proactive) and ETX-based metrics, we come to realize that users always demand proficient networks. In fact, WMhNs are facing several troubles which they expect to be resolved by the routing protocol operating them. Consequently, the protocol depends upon the link metric for providing quality paths. So, we identify and analyze the requirements to design a new routing link metric for WMhNs. Because, considering these requirements, when a link metric is proposed, then : firstly, both the design and implementation of the link metric with a routing protocol become easy. Secondly, the underlying network issues can easily be tackled. Thirdly, an appreciable performance of the network is guaranteed. Keeping in view the issues of WMhNs, increasing demands of users and capabilities of routing protocols, we propose and implement a new quality link metric, Interference and Bandwidth Adjusted ETX (IBETX). As, MAC layer affects the link performance and consequently the route quality, the metric therefore, tackles the issue by achieving twofold MAC-awareness. Firstly, interference is calculated using cross-layered approach by sending probes to MAC layer. Secondly, the nominal bit rate information is provided to all nodes in the same contention domain by considering the bandwidth sharing mechanism of 802.11. Like ETX, our metric also calculates link delivery ratios that directly affect throughput and selects those routes that bypass dense regions in the network. Simulation results by NS-2 show that IBETX gives 19% higher through put than ETX and 10% higher than Expected Throughput (ETP). Our metric also succeeds to reduce average end-to-end delay up to 16% less than Expected Link Performance (ELP) and 24% less than ETX
In this paper, we simulate the three routing protocols Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), Optimized Link state Routing (OLSR), DYnamic MANET On Demand (DYMO) in NS-2 to evaluate and compare their performance using two Mac-layer protocols 802.11 and 802.lip. Comprehensive stimulation work is done for each routing protocol and the performance metrics Throughput, End to End Delay (E2ED), Normalized Routing load (NRL) is analyze in the scenarios of varying the mobilities and scalabilities. After extensive simulations, we observe that DSDV outperforms with 802.1 lp while DYMO gives best performance with 802.11.
In this paper, we evaluate, analyze, and compare the impact of mobility on the behavior of three reactive protocols (AODV, DSR, DYMO) and three proactive protocols (DSDV, FSR, OLSR) in multi-hop wireless networks. We take into account throughput, end-to-end delay, and normalized routing load as performance parameters. Based upon the extensive simulation results in NS-2, we rank all of six protocols according to the performance parameters. Besides providing the interesting facts regarding the response of each protocol on varying mobilities and speeds, we also study the trade-offs, the routing protocols have to make. Such as, to achieve throughput, a protocol has to pay some cost in the form of increased end-to-end delay or routing overhead.
In this paper, we study the statistical properties of the connectivity of VANETs with user mobility at the steady state. We assume a network of highways with arbitrary topology. The nodes arrive at the network through one of the traffic entry points following a Poisson process and move within the network according to a mobility model. The path of a node within the network is determined through a routing matrix. The system is modeled as a BCMP network of queues. We derive the probability distribution of the node population size within the network. Then, we determine the probability distribution of the cluster size seen by a new node arriving along a path. The presented numericals results illustrate the effect of mobility on connectivity. The results of the paper may be used to study the routing algorithms, throughput or delay in VANETs.
Performance Evaluation of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols For Vechicular Ad Hoc Networks" Thesis Presented to
- Imran Khan
Imran Khan, A "Performance Evaluation of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols
For Vechicular Ad Hoc Networks" Thesis Presented to Mohammad Ali
Jinnah University Fall, 2009.
Using multiple metrics with the optimized link state routing protocol for wireless mesh networks
- W Moreira
- E Aguiar
- A Abelm
- M Stanton
Moreira, W., Aguiar, E., Abelm, A., Stanton, M., "Using multiple
metrics with the optimized link state routing protocol for wireless mesh
networks", Simpsio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadorese Sistemas
Distribudos, Maio (2008).
A performance modeling of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs)
- M Khabazian
- Mehmet Ali
A "Performance Evaluation of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols for Vechicular Ad Hoc Networks"
- Imran Khan