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Storms of My Grandchildren: The Truth about the Coming Climate Catastrophe and Our Last Chance to Save Humanity (Invited)
Abstract
My aim in writing this book was to help reduce the huge gap between what is understood about global warming by the relevant scientific community and what is known by the public. The story describes my recent journey in trying to inform governments of the urgency of actions to stabilize climate, discovery of the universality of greenwash by governments that have no intention of bucking fossil fuel special interests, and realization of the implications for my children and grandchildren. In the year following the publication of this book the gap mentioned above has increased. Objective assessment of the science and lack of appropriate governmental response has clear implications for communication by the scientific community and actions by concerned public citizens, as will be discussed.
... Perubahan iklim atau climate change antara lain ditandai oleh terjadinya kenaikan suhu rata-rata dan perubahan cuaca di bumi dalam jangka waktu yang panjang atau bahkan dapat dikatakan sangat panjang. Perubahan iklim dapat diakibatkan oleh aktivitas manusia yang tidak bersifat ramah pada lingkungan seperti melakukan kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi kabondioksida (CO2) pada lapisan atmosfir yang kemudian membentuk efek rumah kaca (green house) (Hansen, 2010). ...
... Energi matahari merupakan salah satu sumber energi baru dan terbarukan yang paling banyak digunakan saat ini. Panel surya dapat mengubah sinar matahari menjadi Listrik yang dapat digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan, mulai dari penerangan rumah hingga pengoperasian mesin-mesin pabrik (Hansen, 2010). ...
... Sektor energi baru dan terbarukan dapat menciptakan banyak lapangan pekerjaan baru, mulai dari penelitian dan pengembangan hingga instalasi dan pemeliharaan (Hansen, 2010). ...
... The environmental crisis, on the other hand, could before long be completely beyond our control. Recent understanding of climate science raises the probability that the survival of life as we know it will be at risk if the wrong decisions are made now (Hansen, 2009). Just as the world could not tolerate (counter-intuitive as this may seem) the doubling of one grain of wheat 64 times (Daly, 1993), it could not tolerate even one doubling of the pre-industrial level of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in the global atmosphere (Hansen, 2012). ...
... The methods of enquiry that can be used by scientists to generate the data to inform policy include, in order of importance (Hansen, 2009): ...
... Since 1993 when satellite measurements began, sea level has risen by an average of about 3mm per year (Church et al. 2011) or 3 metres per millennium, double the rate that occurred in the 20 th Century (Hansen, 2009) and much higher than the rate that occurred over the last several thousand years (Hansen et al. 2012a). Since 2004 the contribution from melting of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets accounts for around half of the total increase in sea level (Church et al. 2011). ...
The Scientific Journal of Agricultural Economics
Volume 1 - Issue 1
2012
ISSN 1923-6514 (Online): Library & Archive Canada
Founder: Ghada Gomaa A. Mohamed
Edited by Dr. Ghada Mohamed & Dr. Daniel May
Edition: https://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/201/300/scientific_jrn_agricultural_economics/2012/v01n01.pdf
... Tento záver je do istej miery podobný výsledkom štúdie Turnera [111], ktorý porovnával prognózy Meadowsových počítačových modelov [72] s reálnym vývojom a prišiel k záveru, že nasledujeme scenár "vývoja ako doposiaľ", ktorý vedie ku kolapsu. A expert na klimatickú zmenu James Hansen v úvode knihy o "superbúrkach", ktoré čakajú našich potomkov napísal: "Planéta Zem, všetko stvorenie, svet, v ktorom sa rozvíjala civilizácia, svet s klimatickým systémom, ktorý poznáme a stabilné pobrežia, to všetko je v bezprostrednom nebezpečenstve" [35]. A pritom meniaca sa klíma a ubúdajúca biodiverzita predstavujú iba časť degradačných procesov prebiehajúcich v biosfére Zeme. ...
... Ak uvažujeme prekročené ekologické limity život udržujúcich systémov, nenaplnený prísľub udržateľného rozvoja a rastúce hybné sily krízy, potom už nestačí iba konštatovať, že "svet nie je na udržateľnej ceste" [37]. Pravda je oveľa tvrdšia: v našej modernej dobe, ktorá najmä vyspelým štátom priniesla oslňujúci progres a rast blahobytu, sme sa priblížili ku hrane globálneho kolapsu ako žiadna iná civilizácia pred nami [68], [14], [35]. A dnes je už zrejmé, že ide o mnohorozmernú globálnu krízu, ktorú nezastaví iba zmierňovanie jej symptómov. ...
... Na základe získaných výsledkov sa spolu s ďalšími autormi (napr. [35], [66]) prikláňame k tvrdeniu, že namiesto k udržateľnej spoločnosti sa v skutočnosti približujeme ku hrane globálneho kolapsu a tento postup sa zrýchľuje. Preto sa pokúšame o obnovu koncepcie autentickej udržateľnej spoločnosti. ...
ABSTRAKT Konfrontácia prísľubov udržateľného rozvoja s dvadsiatimi rokmi reality, ktoré uplynuli od konania summitu Zeme v Riu v roku 1992 nedáva veľa dôvodov k optimizmu. Vízie udržateľnej spoločnosti boli deformované pragmatizmom udržateľného rastu, ktorý vedie k zrýchľujúcej sa dezintegrácii biosféry, prehlbovaniu sociálnej erózie a strate ekonomickej sebestačnosti. Namiesto reflexie tejto skutočnosti bezradné a skorumpované vládne a korporátne elity ťahajú štáty po širokej ceste podľa scenára "biznis ako doposiaľ". Výsledkom je nárast hybných síl deštrukčných procesov a ďalší posun k hrane globálneho kolapsu. Preto je čas zamýšľať sa nad alternatívami k tomuto pohybu. Ich spoločným menovateľom je obrat od téz rastu smerom ku koncepcii udržateľnej spoločnosti. Ku kľúčovým kritériám ich konania patrí rešpektovanie ekologických a sociálnych limitov a ľudskej dôstojnosti. Kľúčové slová: udržateľný rozvoj, ekologické limity, ekologická komplexita a integrita, udržateľná spoločnosť ABSTRACT The confrontation of the promises of sustainable development with the twenty years of reality, which passed since the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992 provides no reasons for optimism. Visions of sustainable society have been deformed by pragmatism of sustainable growth leading to accelerated disintegration of the biosphere, deepened social erosion and loss of economic self-sufficiency. Instead of reflecting this reality, the puzzled and corrupted governmental and corporate elites drag the states along the wide road according to the scenario of "business as usual". The result is a growth of the driving forces of destructive processes and a further shift towards the edge of global collapse. Therefore, it is time to think about alternatives to this move. The key criteria of their activities include respect towards ecological and social limits, human dignity and a quality of life. Keywords: sustainable development, ecological limits, ecological complexity and integrity, sustainable society ÚVOD V roku 2012 uplynulo štyridsať rokov odvtedy ako sa v literatúre, konkrétne v časopise The Ecologist, prvý raz objavil pojem udržateľný (sustainable): "Našou úlohou je vytvoriť spoločnosť, ktorá bude udržateľná a ktorá poskytne možnosti plnej spokojnosti pre jej členov. Z definície takejto spoločnosti vyplýva, že nebude závisieť od expanzie, ale od stability" [29]. Podľa autora tohto pojmu, Edwarda Goldsmitha, je totiž zásadným problémom étosu expanzie a s ním spojeného priemyselného spôsobu života ich ekologická a sociálna neudržateľnosť. V tom istom roku boli publikované "Limity rastu" [72], [81], výsledky počítačového modelovania a simulácie vývoja významných globálnych trendov-rastu ľudskej populácie, zabezpečenia výživy, priemyselného rozvoja, využívania prírodných zdrojov a rastu znečistenia. Prognózy modelov Meadowsovho tímu upozornili na riziko globálneho kolapsu, v prípade, ak budeme ignorovať hranice rastu týchto trendov, dané limitmi prírodných zdrojov Zeme. O dvadsať rokov neskôr tí istí autori varovali, že dominantné trendy nás už posúvajú za hranice limitov: "Ľudský svet sa dostal za svoje hranice. Súčasný spôsob života je neudržateľný. Budúcnosť, ak máme byť životaschopní, musí byť cestou návratu, odľahčujúceho zostupu dole, liečenia" [72]. Ako reakcia na výskum environmentálnych problémov, popularizáciu jeho výsledkov (napr. Carsonovej Tichá jar [6]), ale tiež Ehrlichove práce [19]), aj rastúce vnímanie verejnosťou a časťou decíznej sféry sa v 70. rokoch minulého storočia naštartoval bezprecedentný rozvoj medzinárodného environmentálneho práva. V roku 1987 bol publikovaný návrh koncepcie udržateľného rozvoja [122], ktorú na najvyššej medzinárodnej politickej úrovni potvrdili vládni delegáti na Konferencii OSN o životnom prostredí a rozvoji v Riu v roku 1992. Táto koncepcia predstavovala nový prísľub šťastia, spočívajúci v spojení ďalšieho ekonomického rozvoja s ochranou prostredia: "V záujme trvalo udržateľného rozvoja musí ochrana životného prostredia tvoriť nedeliteľnú súčasť procesu rozvoja a nemožno ju chápať oddelene"-zásada č. 4 Deklarácie z Ria [75]. Následný vývoj priniesol početné miestne a regionálne zlepšenia stavu zložiek životného prostredia a iniciatívy rozvíjania miestnej a regionálnej Agendy 21. V roku 2012 Konferencia OSN o udržateľnom rozvoji Rio + 20 schválila dokument "Budúcnosť akú chceme" [113], v ktorom potvrdila koncepciu udržateľného rozvoja, ktorú si už osvojila decízna a podnikateľská sféra, ako aj verejnosť [24]. Ako jeden
... /antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap010827.html. A. Ghassemi , Series Ed., Renewable energy and the environment : V. Nelson and K. Starcher , Wind energy, 3nd Ed, 2019;V. Nelson and K. Starcher , Introduction to bioenergy, 2016;R. Foster , M. Ghassemi , and A. Cota , Solar energy, 2010;W. Glassley , Geothermal energy, 2nd Ed, 2014; CRC Press, New York. U Hansen . 2009. Storms of my grandchildren, the truth about the coming climate catastrophe and our last chance to save humanity. Bloomsbury, New York. IPCC . 4: Validation of climate models. www.ipcc.ch/report/ar1/wg1/validation-of-climatemodels/. U ...
... n energy resources of the Earth, Scientific America, 60, 1971. K. S.Deffeyes . 2005. Beyond oil, the view from Hubbert's peak. Hill and Wang, New York. International Atomic Energy Agency . Power reactor information system, comprehensive database on power reactors in operation, under construction or those being decommissioned. www.iaea.org/pris/. J.Hansen . 2009. Storms of my grandchildren. The truth about the coming climate catastrophe and our last chance to save humanity. Bloomsbury, New York. BP statistical review of world energy 2022. www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/businesssites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-fullreport.pdf. World Energy Council ...
... The desired policy to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels is also simple in principle, but in practice gives rise to much public discourse that is, for various reasons, confusing or misleading. Consequently, there has long been, and still is, a large gap between the prevailing perception of climate change and scientific reality [2,3]. ...
... Young people and the concerned public have long had a poor understanding of the seriousness of climate change [2], but to exert wholesome influence on science-related policy they must be reasonably well informed [55]. The reports and projections of the IPCC are difficult for most people to understand, but simple climate projections are shown to be a reasonable approximation. ...
... As for governments' and institutions' concrete actions to counter climate change, which are nonetheless part of their epistemic responsibility, not much has changed. Some scholars (Lenton et al. 2008;Hansen 2010;Rozsa 2024) argue that the critical threshold of the tipping point has been surpassed and has already begun to cause minor shifts in environmental elements, such as greenhouse gas concentrations, land use patterns, ocean circulation and coral reef ecosystems, that trigger disproportionate effects and result in irreversible temperature increases. The persistent gap between intentions and outcomes underscores the urgency of addressing climate change and taking the risk of expanding action from sustainable practices to geoengineering possibilities. ...
... Nevertheless, the data discussed earlier demonstrates that they are not doing enough. The persistent gap in the intentions of institutions and governments is instead the main reason why individuals' factual ignorance on climate change and ecological disaster are almost inevitable today-and the main reason for considering institutions and governments culpable (Hansen 2010;McKibben 2011;Pope Francis 2015). ...
This paper explores the epistemic and moral responsibility individuals and institutions bear for climate change and sustainability. Highlighting challenges individuals face in understanding climate information, it emphasises the pivotal role of governments and intergovernmental institutions in exercising collective intentionality regarding climate change mitigation and sustainability education. Despite the commendable efforts of other collective entities, such as NGOs and climate movements, this responsibility belongs solely to national governments and intergovernmental institutions because they have a unique ability to create social rules. However, such action remains a desideratum. Current data on ecological crises show that there is a pressing need for heightened awareness and decisive, concrete action.
... It is the source of the anxiousness. Automation has regularly disrupted livelihoods throughout history, such as when farm machinery displaced agricultural laborers or robots replaced industry workers [13]. Nevertheless, those prior developments led to the substantial generation of new jobs, ensuring full employment. ...
... Currently, AI has only a minor impact on the workforce. However, as AI systems become more capable, they threaten more than 30% of occupations, ranging from financial analysts to truck drivers [13]. Experts predict that artificial intelligence (AI) automation will be widely used in various industries by the 2030s, including agriculture, retail, lodging, warehousing, and manufacturing. ...
... Climate change is having an impact on the environment in both the short and long term. For this reason, a series of measures and actions (by society, governments, corporations, and individuals) are needed to mitigate the effects of these changes and to cope with climate change [6,7]. One step in this direction is to recognize the importance of switching to renewable energy sources [7]. ...
... For this reason, a series of measures and actions (by society, governments, corporations, and individuals) are needed to mitigate the effects of these changes and to cope with climate change [6,7]. One step in this direction is to recognize the importance of switching to renewable energy sources [7]. Changes in the natural environment are of global significance. ...
Environmental protection is an essential factor for the sustainable development of humanity. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to promote attitudes and behaviors that help to conserve natural resources and reduce the harmful impact of human activities on the environment. Such attitudes and behaviors can be achieved through education, awareness, and changing people’s environmental attitudes. The present article will discuss some key attitudes and behaviors that help protect the environment – recycling waste, using green energy, reducing air and water pollution, supporting sustainable agriculture, etc. The study involved 393 undergraduate students, including 198 women and 195 men, from National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”, Sofia. Students completed an online survey that measured their environmental attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors, as well as their perceptions of the effectiveness of environmental education. Environmental attitudes and behaviors can be applied in different areas of life, such as at home, work, and public places. People must realize the importance of these actions and carry them out regularly to contribute to the conservation of nature and the world’s sustainable development.
... Multiple interventions, including youth-led climate change litigation claims, are highlighting these generational inequities [6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, while important, these interventions leave the dominant systems of governance largely intact. ...
Climate change is opening up new fields of qualitative research, including one focused on parents’ perspectives on climate change. Our scoping review identifies and describes studies in OECD countries in this emerging field. We used recommended search strategies and methods for reviews of qualitative studies. We located 19 unique studies (22 papers) published between January 2000 and June 2024 which were characterised by distinct foci, study populations and participant profiles. The two major foci were reproductive decision-making and the emotional impacts of climate change on parents and children. Study populations were predominantly those already actively engaged in climate change issues. In studies providing socio-demographic information, most participants were socially advantaged. In developing this important field, we argue for a broader research agenda with respect to foci and for study populations and participant profiles that are more representative of the societies in which the studies are located.
... Responde al horizonte histórico de sentido que los seres humanos asumen, en función del ethos que se quiere construir, ante una problemática ambiental que afecta a todos. Se ha vuelto relevante y ha encontrado eco en la reflexión colectiva de muchos (Al Gore, 2007;Al Gore, 2010;Stern, 2007;Stern, 2009;Zedillo, 2008;Lovelock, 2009;Giddens, 2009;Hansen, 2009;IPCC, 2014;Dyer, 2014;Klein, 2015), de la comunidad científica (Olabe, 2015), e, incluso, del papa Francisco que, al proponer en su encíclica Laudato Si' (2015) una «ecología integral», invita a hombres y mujeres de buena voluntad a un nuevo diálogo sobre el modo cómo se está construyendo el futuro del planeta y, en su exhortación Laudate Deum (2023), a reaccionar de forma imperiosa y hacer o intereses, muchos de los cuales van más allá de sus objetivos intrínsecos" (p. 50), requiere de la filosofía moral para dilucidar y justificar críticamente el sentido y los impactos de su realización, llegando incluso a preguntarse por el lugar del ser humano y de su acción tecnocientífica en el mundo. ...
En el Capítulo 1 se pretende responder a la pregunta: ¿Qué tipo de ética empresarial se vislumbra a partir de la encíclica Laudato Si’ y la exhortación apostólica Laudate Deum? En primer lugar, se revisan las nociones básicas de la ética empresarial que se fundamenta en la dimensión social de la ética. En segundo lugar, se aborda la pertinencia de Laudato Si’ y Laudate Deum para el ámbito económico en general y empresarial en particular en donde se evidencia que plantean una ética fundamentada en una crítica al antropocentrismo, según el cual el ser humano es el centro de la naturaleza; y al paradigma tecnocrático, que juzga toda la realidad únicamente desde parámetros técnico-científicos. Frente a estas perspectivas, se apuesta por una ecología integral. Se concluye que Laudato Si’ presenta un tipo de ética empresarial que invita a tener una mirada no fraccionaria de la realidad, es decir, se requiere tener una mirada integral. Además, se hace necesaria una “conversión ecológica” que implica cambiar nuestra manera de pensar y adquirir nuevos hábitos acordes al cuidado de la “casa común” a nivel personal y de las instituciones. Por otro lado, Laudate Deum nos alerta de la urgencia de atender la crisis climática que se puede profundizar si las decisiones políticas no son coherentes con el cuidado del planeta.
ACCESO A LIBRO COMPLETO: https://repositorio.puce.edu.ec/handle/123456789/45252
... The governments of these countries promote pro-environmental policies and invest in renewable energy sources. Norway, for instance, is a leader in hydropower utilization [121,122]. These policies not only have pro-environmental impacts but also increase public awareness of the need to combat climate change. ...
The significance of the research presented in this article lies in its comprehensive view of global efforts to achieve carbon neutrality, integrating technological, policy, and social aspects. The urgent need to address climate change requires the development of renewable energy sources, technological innovations, and public engagement in shaping climate policies. This article presents an interdisciplinary approach, combining scientific data on carbon dioxide emissions with public opinion research. It highlights the need for global cooperation, emphasizing that the responsibility for achieving carbon neutrality extends beyond governments to entire societies. The analysis includes empirical findings from the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP), providing insights into public perceptions of climate change and their influence on climate policies. The key findings of the research indicate that accelerating the development of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, and implementing carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are crucial. Public opinion plays a vital role in the success of these initiatives. The article demonstrates that international cooperation, particularly in supporting developing countries, is essential to overcoming barriers to the adoption of renewable energy. Ultimately, achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 is possible, but it requires not only technological innovations but also public support and coherent climate policies at both global and regional levels.
... Competition from Other Producers: The community faces competition from other agricultural producers who may have better access to technology and markets. This competition can limit market share and reduce the profitability of their agricultural activities [22]. ...
... The failure of the market to serve the long-term public interest cannot be solved with market-based policy. As Hansen (2009) put it: ...
Biodiversity offsetting is a net‐outcome policy by which metrics are used to quantify the loss of wildlife and habitat due to development (generally building for housing, industrial purposes or infrastructure). An equivalent or greater quantity of biodiversity is supposedly created, protected or restored elsewhere. The literature on the merit of biodiversity offsetting is equivocal, largely because the policy is prescriptive in favour of development but overlooks the conflict between development and environmental deterioration (much as in other policy within the ambit of ‘sustainable development'). The unadmitted contradiction can be seen relatively easily by appreciating that the site scale and wider scales are largely discrete. Even if biodiversity net gain really were achieved in going from site to site, the wider prejudice of development would still be the overriding influence in the observed (wide‐scale) decline of wildlife. By facilitating ever more human environmental impact, biodiversity offsetting does the opposite of what it purports to do; it destroys wildlife.
... The magnitude of the threat that changes in the environment pose for humanity is well known to the scientific community. The opening lines in a recent book by James Hansen (2009) convey the sense of urgency quite clearly: "Planet Earth, creation, the world in which civilization developed, the world with climate patterns that we know and stable shorelines, is in imminent peril." If progress is to be made, it is essential that conversation among those seeking a sustainable future continue. ...
The recent book Creating the Future We Want presents a policy approach for addressing a range of sustainability challenges. However, the optimistic perspective of the authors is not always backed up with sufficient evidence, and the authors ignore alternative perspectives on sustainability, particularly those that highlight the fundamental limitations of growth as a tool for a sustainability transition.
Originally published in Sustainability: Science, Practice & Policy 8, no. 2 (Summer 2012): 1-3.
... As human populations expand and continue to intensify their use of material resources, local, regional and planetary ecosystems are being heavily impacted. Anthropogenically caused climate change is promising a storm that, to paraphrase James Hansen (2011), will be visited upon our grandchildren. There is a clear need for paradigmatic changes to human relationships with non-human beings. ...
As environmental change and mass extinctions underline an urgent need to establish more humane relationships with non-human beings, there is a creative opportunity to reimagine concepts of kinship to promote the collective well-being of all living kinds. Anthropology draws on culturally diverse interspecies relations: some locate human and other species within distinctive and hierarchical categories, while others have more fluid and egalitarian notions of personhood. Engagements with non-human species therefore range from objectifying and exploiting them, to their acceptance as kin, as persons, and as reciprocal co-creative partners in the composition of shared lifeworlds. Though the concept of kinship is conventionally used to illuminate inter-human relations, this article suggests that it has further potential to raise key questions about how societies engage with non-human beings, and our ethical responsibilities towards them. These questions might usefully inform contemporary debates about non-human rights, and how these might be upheld by state and/or international legislation.
... There is a large number of well-known researchers in the field of environmental and economic problems. The most interesting authors are: Donella Meadows, Jorgen Randers, Dennis Meadows [1]; Alan Atkisson [2]; Robin Murray [3]; Al Gore [4]; Jared Diamond [5]; James E. Hansen [6,7], Rachel Carloson [8]. ...
See the retraction notice E3S Web of Conferences 420, 00001 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342000001
... This knowledge gap dovetailed with Americans' ideologically charged and divergent views about the existence and severity of climate change [18] has led some to believe that "those committed to climate change have much to risk in pushing for the democratization of energy" [14]. While some well-known climate researchers and environmentalists, frustrated by the lack of action, have endorsed authoritarianism as an answer to climate change [81,82], others believe what we really need is more democracy but with the enhanced "knowledgeability of individuals, groups, and movements who work on environmental issues" [83]. Therefore, it is high time to devise policies to effectively improve the levels and quality of public energy literacy. ...
Background: Recent push for ‘energy democracy’ necessitates a well-informed citizenry vis-à-vis energy policy, especially in the wake of ideologically charged and divergent views about the existence and severity of climate change among American citizens. Citizens’ involvement in energy policy processes in democratic countries makes it important to assess the depth and scope of energy policy awareness and knowledge among the public, as well as to consider the factors that promote or hinder how informed people are about energy policy issues.
Objectives: This study aims at examining the levels of public informedness and knowledge of energy policy and analyzing their potential correlates in the western U.S. states of California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The study also analyzes the impact of public awareness and knowledge on public support for government funding for renewable energy technology research.
Methods: Using survey data of 1804 randomly selected respondents from California, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, the study employs ordinal logistic regression to trans-situational and situational models predicting self-assessed informedness and objective measure of knowledge about energy policy as well as public support for federal funding for renewable energy technology research.
Results: The study found that variables related to socio-economic status (SES) are stronger predictors of public informedness and knowledge about energy policy than situational variables like values and efficacy, except for climate change beliefs that have a positive relationship with informedness and knowledge.
Conclusion: The study also found that informedness and knowledge of energy policy are positively associated with support for government funding for renewable energy research.
O entendimento integrado da atmosfera e do clima é relativamente recente nas
ciências. Essa fronteira pouco desbravada sobre o estudo de gases nunca fez muito
sucesso na ciência. Historicamente, os principais estudos focaram os materiais sólidos, que emprestam figuras de linguagem que denotam fixidez, como “conhecimento sólido”, “terra firme”, “fundamentos”, entre outros.
Porém, o clima define as fronteiras dos sistemas naturais, entendidas como interfaces de interação entre seus componentes sólidos, líquidos e gasosos. Uma dessas grandes interfaces planetárias é a da biosfera. Localmente, a biosfera é constituída por indivíduos, macroscópicos ou microscópicos, que se agrupam em assembleias de seres vivos e não vivos, formando um ecossistema. Assim, cada região coberta
pela rede da vida constitui a impressionante diversidade de paisagens terrestres, sendo interfaces regionais de interação dos componentes do sistema do clima. Por isso, a mudança do clima tem a ver diretamente com a paisagem e a dinâmica natural do local onde vivemos aqui e agora. Essa interação de componentes e processos desse sistema, ao longo da história geológica, nos legou a
configuração da Terra de hoje. Esse mundo atual é, portanto, um dos vários mundos
possíveis do planeta.
O presente texto, aborda as interações do clima em termos globais e locais, onde ilustra a partir do desastre hidrogeoclimático e socioambiental ocorrido no Rio Grande do Sul em 2024. Estabelece-se, assim, novas bases para entender as interconexões da humanidade com o sistema do clima no Antropoceno.
Despite broad public awareness of climate change as a critical issue, we paradoxically observe public inertia as a social pattern, particularly in the wealthy-industrialised Global North. Critical scholarship commonly attributes this phenomenon, knowing-without-reaction, in the context of climate change to ideology, suggesting that the distorted image of reality produced and circulated by the capital-state nexus leads to the dearth of progressive political action at the public level. The proposed solution, correspondingly, often takes the form of ideology-critique. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari, this paper offers an alternative diagnosis, positing that the phenomenon pertains more to the organisation of desire within capitalism and hence the capitalisation of subjectivity than to the alignment of interests between the capital-state nexus and the public through ideological manipulation. In response, the final section proposes the production of subjectivity (ourselves) anew as a potential remedy. Drawing on Guattari’s insights into art and politics, this section reflects on the lessons that we can draw from the techniques and practices of ‘minor art’ as a pathway to political subjectivisation in the context of climate change. In particular, the final part speculates transversally on two technologies of self-transformation in response to the question, ‘What is to be done?’: opening up through minor art and becoming-a-minor-artist.
Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan peran pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Buton Tengah sebagai regulator, fasilitator dan dinamisator dalam proses implementasi rencana aksi nasional penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Peran peneliti dalam penelitian ini sebagai pengumpul data, mengornisir data, interpretasi data, menganlisisis dan menjajikan data. Instrument utama dalam penelitian adalah peneliti. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan metode pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan pengambilan Kesimpulan atau verifikasi data. Kebashan data dilakukan dengan cara triangulasi sumber, teknik dan waktu. Temuan penelitian menunjukan bahwa peran pemerintah sebagai regulator dalam penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca tampaknya telah dilaksanakan hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya program tersebut yang termuat dalam Perda no 7 tahun 2924 tentang Rencana Pembangunan jangka Panjang Daerah tahun 2025-2045, meskipun efektivitasnya masih bisa jadi perlu dicermati lebih mendalam. Namun belum ada kebijakan khusus terkait program penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca secara keseluruhan. Selanjutnya peran pemerintah sebagai fasilitator untuk menurunkan emsisi gas rumah kaca masih terbatas, selain itu dinas terkait belum menfasilitasi program tersebut dengan membangun koodinasi lintas sectoral. Pemerintah daerah telah menfalisitasi upaya tersebut namun masih parsial dan belum secara konprehensil menangani program tersebut. Kemudian peran pemerintah sebagai dinamisator dalam penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca, telah dilakukan dengan berbagai rencana yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah melalui dinas-dinas terkait seperti Bappeda, Dinas Pertanian, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan Dinas Perhubungan, namun rencana tersebut masih parsial.
En la actualidad la población mundial enfrenta una gran crisis que obliga a cuestionar el modelo económico social que nos gobierna: las decisiones tomadas en los últimos 200 años están cobrando ya el precio al planeta. Los resultados en cuanto a contaminación y generación de desigualdad son el subproducto de lo que nos hemos empeñado en denominar progreso. En las últimas décadas, recursos de todo tipo se han destinado a discutir estos dos grandes temas, sin embargo, al pasar los años, es evidente que las condiciones empeoran. La inminencia de la crisis climática invita a reflexionar cuál ha sido el impacto de la política hasta el momento, qué efectos positivos ha tenido su ejecución en los países en vías de desarrollo y más vulnerables a los eventos climatológicos ligados a este fenómeno. Ante la avasallante evidencia científica, se han establecido acuerdos internacionales y diferentes mecanismos de cooperación voluntaria y legalmente vinculante. Sin embargo, la realidad es que el interés económico se antepone a través de diferentes argumentos para detener las acciones necesarias que permitan combatir la crisis climática de manera realmente efectiva.
Climate change will do more damage to the Muslim world than almost any other place on earth as it threatens to increase the risk of environmentally-induced conflicts in an area of the world that is already afflicted with abject poverty, rapid population growth, food security, shallow water tables, terrorism and state failure. While some wealthier oil-rich Muslim states might be able to afford protection against rising temperatures, resource poor countries will suffer greatly. Given these realities, we can assume at the very least that in a zone stretching from Morocco to Indonesia the probability of conflict will be greater in areas that are a) more impacted by climate change and b) less prepared to cope with the changes. The question is how global warming is likely to influence the risk of deadly violence in a region that is already afflicted with a greater share of the world’s conflicts? While there are a number of drivers of conflict in the Muslim world that can be expected to persist into the future, climate change will only aggravate those drivers and may make things unmanageable in some places.
In his opening remarks at the United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP25), held in Madrid at the beginning of December 2019, UN Secretary General António Guterres stated in no uncertain terms that ‘we [i.e. the entirety of humankind] are knowingly destroying the very support systems keeping us alive’. To validate such a radical assertion, Guterres cited the most recent scientific information on the state of the world’s environment (the IPPC Reports), leading him to the realization that a possible path—certainly the darkest—ahead of humanity is one ‘of surrender, [one] where we have sleepwalked past the point of no return, jeopardizing the health and safety of everyone on this planet … If we don’t urgently change our way of life’ Guterres concluded, ‘we jeopardize life itself’. The sense of urgency conveyed by the UN Secretary General’s words is far from a single, isolated cry to attention. On the contrary, the idea of a veritable climate apocalypse pervades the current global discourse, within scientific and political circles as much as within popular culture.
The move from outright denialism by the fossil fuel and related industries to ‘soft denial’ urges reassessing the mechanisms and networks of actors involved in anti-environmentalism. One high-level tactic which harnesses evolutionary psychology and organizational self-protective tendencies to willfully overlook negative outcomes involves compartmentalization. Segmented judgment applies to multiple domains, including highlighting commitments, declarations, and philanthropy as a mask for continuing unsustainability. Selective accounting gives the impression that states and companies are doing enough on climate, that things are not as bad as they seem, and that much-touted sustainable actions compensate for continuing environmental harms–in effect reducing the impetus for responsible action and diverting attention from climate change’s primary drivers. This bait-and-switch strategy fragments climate accounting by avoiding including both sustainable and unsustainable initiatives in the same ledger. This study categorizes strategies of compartmentalization according to sectoral, narrative, political, behavioral, and structural perspectives, with examples among agrochemical, fossil, and mining industries. Each of these facets is evaluated through examples of actions undertaken by corporations and public agents, often exploiting Global North-South dynamics. In spite of these aspects having different spheres of influence, acts of compartmentalization are interconnected and represent a core background frame enabling the climate denial machine.
In the context of catastrophic climate change, the optimism that underpins our economic models for calculating the future cost of present risks has become both untenable and dangerous. Nonetheless, even writing urgently concerned with these risks continues to invoke a version of the Child as a figure of futurity that appears to naturalize both this optimism and our present inaction. In this essay, I argue that we might find another path forward by looking back to the eighteenth-century stories that seem to demonstrate a similar preoccupation with children in danger. Taking Hogarth’s A Harlot’s Progress as a representative example, I highlight the hinged structure of these narratives as a useful new approach to imagining intergenerational risks and responsibilities in our shared present.
Ecosocialism is an attempt to provide a radical civilizational alternative, based on the basic arguments of the ecological movement, and of the Marxist critique of political economy. It opposes the capitalist destructive progress (Marx), an economic policy founded on the social needs and the ecological equilibrium. This dialectical synthesis is at the same time a critique of “market ecology”, which does not challenge the capitalist system, and of “productivist socialism”, which ignores the issue of natural limits. Is this utopia? In its etymological sense—“something that exists nowhere”—certainly. But are not utopias, that is, visions of an alternative future, wish-images of a different society, a necessary feature of any movement that wants to challenge the established order?
Language not only reflects and cocreates social universes but can also be and is performative regarding the planetary common good, e.g., through international treaties and agreements. This paper investigates the rationale and feasibility of altering the language used by Glasgow Climate Pact to a posthuman mode that addresses the issue of more-than-human inequality by becoming inclusive toward nonhuman actors, and presents a selection of edited excerpts. The main findings state that (1) the language of the Glasgow Climate Pact is inadequate concerning its expected agency, (2) the reasons for this include its anthropocentrism, capitalocentrism and technocentrism, and (3) it is possible to rephrase the Glasgow Climate Pact and similar documents to address the diagnosed problems in a radically inclusive way. This paper represents a starting point for a discussion on the interrelations between climate and language and on the importance of language used by policy documents in the optics of climate action.
This article discusses the need to address climate change in high school education in Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia, focusing on Cartography as an educational tool. Initially, it presents the global relevance of climate change and emphasizes the importance of addressing it at the local level. The general objective of this article is to discuss how the approach to climate change in Senhor do Bonfim's high school can contribute to a sustainable future. The specific objective is to demonstrate how the use of Cartography as an educational tool can increase students' awareness of local and global climate change. The article highlights the global relevance of climate change, highlighting that this is a challenge that affects the entire planet. However, it underscores the importance of addressing climate change at the local level, as local communities are also affected by extreme weather events and environmental degradation. To this end, the methodology used follows the dialectical critical line with a qualitative approach. To work on the concepts, a bibliographic survey was conducted, focusing on issues such as climate change, Cartography, and environmental preservation. The methodological procedure used was a case study of a field trip to Serra do Gado Bravo with high school students in the municipality in question, which served as the basis for the development of this work.
Taking governance arrangements for sustainability as an example, this chapter shows how a dialectical perspective can help understand what is going on and frame problem-solving in new ways. The external partnership arrangements we considered in Chap. 8 are overseen (led and managed) using governance arrangements of each organisation or network. In this chapter we dig more deeply into governances. As Schattschneider (1975: 71) says, all forms of political organisation have a bias in favour of the exploitation of some kinds of conflict and the suppression of others, because organisation is the mobilisation of bias. Another way of looking at governances is through the lens of trust as Six (2005) does, which invites investigation of personal relations that willingly accept vulnerability to the actions of others. Below, we also explore governance from the viewpoint of stability and change: sufficient stability to deliver reliable services, whilst having sufficient flexibility to respond to external events that demand alterations to governances. One of the big questions in relation to de-carbonising global economic activity is whether market governances or non-market governances offer the most appropriate transition instruments. Posed in this way, the governance issues closely relate to the mutuality boundary discussed in Chaps. 2 and 3.
What is a good life? The question has bedevilled philosophers across the ages. For Confucius, the good life is found in relationships and cultivating one’s culture, for Plato in understanding the essence of ideal forms, Aristotle’s good life is one spent reflectively gaining knowledge, whilst for the Christian life after death, the Muslim forbidding evil, reciting and the five duties, and the Hindu Bhagavad Gita emphasises good conduct and character, oneness with nature. Here, we focus on how good public services contribute towards a good life: security, healthy environment, transport, health, and education—Kinder et al. (2022) discuss the wide range of these services. Public service staff must balance citizens’ needs and wants with the resources available—the social and the economic. Overall, the accountability of public services is part of citizens’ assessing if they have a good life; perhaps interpreted as wellbeing, or meaningfulness, fulfilment. All of these are encapsulated in public value (PV) since as we will show, PV is made use of the values (plural) that citizens have, and PV aims to put subjective and objective valuations on the achievement of values-to-value (Vs2V).
We left Chap. 10 with upward delegation of governance, intended to address major strategic issues populated by organisations such as the WTO, WB, IMF, and UN; organisations beyond the control of individual countries (perhaps excepting the USA) and in the minds of many analysts failing to adequately address social problems being far removed from being influenced by local practice in public services. While this entire book has been about problem-solving in public services and often mentioned the dialectical approach, for example Chap. 2, this current chapter steps outward from service systems and closely examines why and how dialectics is a suitable approach to analysing strategic policy issues.
This chapter argues that the arrival of the Anthropocene era requires a substantial re-set of science education. It makes a case for re-orienting science education to foreground meta-level understanding of science (looking at it “from above,” in the social/political/cultural/historical context in which it arose) over science’s “content,” its modes of inquiry, and/or its internal social practices. The chapter posits using deconstruction-based approaches to create, not the “used futures” science education is currently entangled with, but the new futures we need. The approaches set out in the chapter would be quite unlike the forms of science education we know today, but, given science’s role in bringing about the Anthropocene era, that is its central point.
This chapter investigates the varying stances of the great religions on climate change, their historical backgrounds, and reasons for the diversity to be found among their recent statements. It responds to criticisms of the stewardship interpretation of Christianity, and considers the contrasting view that the roots of contemporary ecological problems including that of climate change lie in religious acquiescence in early modern economic individualism. The degree of lasting impact of these stances is held to depend on the attitudes of the different religions to structural change and reform.
In the modern era, the vulnerability to climate change/variability, as well as its effects on humans and natural ecology, is crucial issue. The socio-ecological system became more vulnerable due to the exacerbated pressures and hazards brought on by climate change and variability. These different types of vulnerability had an adverse consequences on the socio-ecological system’s resilience, aspirations, satisfaction, transformation, and future socio-ecological development. This chapter discussed the ideas, techniques, and connections between societal, ecological management and development, and contemporary thinking in the research areas of climate vulnerability and socio-ecological transformation. This discussion helps us comprehend how ecological and social vulnerability may affect one another, and how climate change vulnerability triggers socio-ecological transformation. Furthermore, this communication and its various perspectives will help us think about the interconnected socio-ecological system and the problems it raises, as well as potential future social science research that will aid in society management and the socio-ecological development of a region. Besides that, this chapter provided some initial and enlightening arguments in support of particular strategies as well as the growth of ideas concerning socio-ecological vulnerability and transformation.
As evidence of our global survival crisis continues to mount, the expression 'too little, too late' comes to mind. We all live in an interdependent world which has an increasingly shared fate. We are participants in an emerging global 'superorganism' that is dependent on close cooperation. Indeed, positive synergy (cooperative effects) has been the key to our evolutionary success as a species. However, our ultimate fate is now in jeopardy. Going forward, we must either create a more effective global society (with collective self-governance) or our species will very likely be convulsed by mass starvation, waves of desperate migrants, and lethal social conflict. The greatest threat we may face is each other, and a regression into tribalism and violent conflict. This Element has a more hopeful prescription for a new global social contract. It is based on the many examples of superorganisms – socially organized species – in the natural world, and in evolution.
El impuesto al carbono se promociona como un instrumento de política ambiental útil para mitigar las emisiones equivalentes de carbono. Se considera que, con su adecuada aplicación, se puede contribuir a avanzar hacia la transición energética, por ser un instrumento que fomenta la inversión en infraestructura y tecnologías no contaminantes, como las energías eólica, solar y la demanda de vehículos híbridos y eléctricos. Después de la pandemia, la reactivación económica ha aumentado de manera significativa la demanda de energía a nivel mundial, lo que ha traído como consecuencia una subida de emisiones de carbono a un máximo histórico. Se espera que con la aplicación del impuesto al carbono se logren mitigar las emisiones e incentivar la migración hacia las energías limpias. A partir de una revisión de la literatura internacional, en el presente artículo se analizan los impactos económicos y ambientales de la aplicación del impuesto al carbono, especialmente, para los países desarrollados, donde han sido ampliamente documentados. Específicamente, se describen las características y resultados preliminares de la aplicación de este impuesto en Colombia.
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