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Investigation into the mechanism of action of Moringa oleifera for its anti-asthmatic activity

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Abstract

SUMMARY In the present investigation, we studied the effect of alcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) seed kernels on various experimental models of bronchial asthma. Significant (P < 0. 05) increase in preconvulsion time was observed due to pretreatment with M. oleifera when the guinea pigs were exposed to either acetylcholine (Ach) or histamine aerosol. This bronchodilating effect of M. oleifera was comparable to ketotifen fumarate. Spasmolytic effect of M. oleifera was also observed by dose dependent inhibition of ideal contractions induced by Ach, 5HT, histamine and BaCl . Alcoholic extract of M. oleifera produced significant dose dependent protection by egg albumin and compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation. Pretreatment with alcoholic extract of M. oleifera also decreased carrageenan induced rat paw edema, which was comparable to that of standard diclofenac sodium. Minimum inhibitory concentration for alcoholic extract of M. oleifera was low as compared to cold-water extract and hot water extract when antimicrobial activity was tested against various respiratory pathogens like Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococus aureus (S. aureus) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Our data suggest that antiasthmatic activity of M. oleifera seed kernels may be due to its bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, mast cell stabilization and antimicrobial activity.

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... The extract was safe at all the tested doses for acute toxicity. [14] Twelve animals were used for the stabilization of the dose and method. Guinea pigs were examined for their sensitivity towards histamine spray by subjecting them to histamine aerosol (in ascending concentration) before conducting the actual model. ...
... Ketotifen (1 mg/kg) and all fractions of hydro-alcoholic extract (150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) were administered orally 90 min prior to the histamine exposure according to the groups. [14,15] Wistar rats divided into six groups, each containing six animals, were sensitized with 0.1 ml of 1% w/v solution of albumin intra-peritoneally on first, third, fifth and twelfth day of first albumin administration. The extract was administered from sixth to twelfth day orally. ...
... Percent degranulation of the mast cells in the control group and the treated groups were calculated by counting the number of degranulated mast cells. [14,15] Saline solution was injected intra-peritoneally into the peritoneal cavity of the lightly [14] Overnight fasted guinea pigs of either sex were sacrificed by cervical dislocation method. ...
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Objective-To evaluate the anti-asthmatic activity of Ficus bengalensis leaves. Materials & Methods-The hydroalcoholic (30% ethanolic) Ficus bengalensis leaf extract (HFBLE) was prepared. The antiasthmatic activity of HFBLE was evaluated using various experimental models like histamine induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, Invivo and invitro inhibition of Mast cell degranulation studies on isolated guinea pig ileum and goat tracheal strip preparation. Results-500 mg / kg of FBHLE significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the contraction induced by the histamine on guinea pig ileum and bronco-constriction. FBHLE also showed significant (p<0.01) and very significant (p<0.0001) inhibition of invivo and invitro mast cell degranulation, at 500mg/kg and 200µg/ml, respectively. Over 50% inhibition of contraction was exhibited at the highest test dose of 200µg/ml of Ficus bengalensis hydroalcoholic leaf extract of (FBHLE) in guinea pig ileum and goat tracheal tissue. Conclusion-Anti-athmatic activity of Ficus bengalensis (FBHLE) can either be due to spasmolytic activity, bronchodilation properties, or because of inhibition of mast cell degranulation.
... Comparing the percentage increase in P.C.T. produced by Moringa oleifera extract with standard antiasthmatic drug Ketotifen Fumarate, the result was statistically significant. Albizzia Lebbeck and Ocimum Santamum are well known antiasthmatic herbal drugs and are reported to increase P.C.T. due to their bronchodilating effect 7 Different agonists like acetylcholine, histamine, and BaCl2 are responsible for contractile responses. Moringa oleifera produced dose dependent inhibition of contraction of guinea pig ileum induced by Histamine, Ach and BaCl2. ...
... Tylophora Asthmatica has also been shown to possess non specific spasmolytic activity 4 . Ethanolic extract of Curculigo Orchioides and seed kernels of Moringa oleifera decreases contraction of G.pig ileum induced by histamine, Ach, BaCl2 and 5-HT 4,7 . ...
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Asthma is a disease characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person. The currently used drugs for the treatment of this disease in modern medicine are so far from satisfactory as they provide only symptomatic relief, produce several adverse effects and may lose effectiveness on continued use. The Anti-asthmatic activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. root was studied against histamine and Ach induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, against agonist induced contraction of Guinea pig ileum and against egg albumin induced rat peritoneal mast cell degranulation. Activity was also studied using bronchoalveolarlavaged (BAL) fluid of guinea pigs and by carrying out histopathology of egg albumin sensitized guinea pig lung. Treatment with M.Oleifera increased PreConvulsion Time of guinea pigs against histamine as well as Ach induced bronchospasm. M.Oleifera also showed dose dependent inhibition of agonist induced contraction on guinea pig ileum. Egg albumin induced mast cell degranulation was inhibited by M.Oleifera. Treatment with M.Oleifera for 15 days resulted in significant decrease in Total Leukocytes Count (TLC) as well as Differential Leukocytes Count (DLC) in BAL fluid. M.Oleifera shown bronchodilator activity, non-specific spasmolytic activity and mast cell stabilizing activities. Also it inhibits the migration of leukocytes on exposure to antigens, thus confirming its anti-asthmatics activity.
... Moringa oleifera is a naturally occurring shrub which belong to the family of Moringaceae, distributed globally [6]. The seeds, leaves, stem, bark, roots, and flowers of this plant are extensively used in treatment of various infections [7], [8]; bronchitis [9], chest congestion and asthma [9], [10]. The leaves are a rich source of flavonoids, fatty acids and phenolics which are responsible for several pharmacological properties [11]. ...
... Moringa oleifera is a naturally occurring shrub which belong to the family of Moringaceae, distributed globally [6]. The seeds, leaves, stem, bark, roots, and flowers of this plant are extensively used in treatment of various infections [7], [8]; bronchitis [9], chest congestion and asthma [9], [10]. The leaves are a rich source of flavonoids, fatty acids and phenolics which are responsible for several pharmacological properties [11]. ...
Article
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Pneumococcal diseases (PD) constitute a major threat to the global public health stability especially in the developing world. The risk is greater for children under 5 years, the elderly and persons living with compromised immune systems. Antibiotic agents, conjugate as well as polysaccharide vaccines have been available for several decades and have saved many lives. However, the burden of PD has consistently remained high resulting in poor quality of life and strained economic tenets. Constant resistance to available antibiotic agents and low access to vaccines constitute major setbacks to efforts meant to scale down the burden of PD. The need to explore more viable and promising options is not only urgent but also untenable. We profiled the pharmacological credentials of Moringa oleifera extracts as a possible efficacious alternative to conventional prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Methanol and ethanol extracts of air-dried leaves of Moringa oleifera plant were subjected to phytochemical screening to identify the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phyto-sterols, oils, and fats. A working solution of the two extracts was prepared by dissolving 20 mg & 40 mg of the extracts in 1ml of 99.9% dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. Sterilized 6 mm blank discs were loaded with 20ul of the final extract concentrations and incubated at 45 ºC for 20 hours. Dimethyl sulfoxide (100% DMSO) impregnated discs and 30 mcg ceftriaxone antibiotics were used as negative and positive controls respectively. Colon morphology on gentamicin blood agar (GBA) and blood agar (BA), gram staining and optochin assay were leveraged to identify Streptococcus pneumoniae. Disk diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar was used to evaluate sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to the subject extracts. Methanol and ethanol extracts were found to contain carbohydrates, proteins, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, fixed oils, alkaloids, and cardiac glycosides. Both extracts were found to contain flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Ethanol & methanol extracts had lower anti-bacterial activity as compared to the 30 mcg positive control. Further exploration to reveal the anti-bacterial activity of aqueous based extracts on Streptococcus pneumoniae is strongly recommended
... However, the uses of such anti-histaminics are limited in controlling allergic asthma. [6] Vitamin D is a seco-steroid hormone that binds with nuclear hormone receptor (vitamin D receptor) and regulates immune system. In asthmatic patient, the decrease in serum vitamin D levels have been associated with severity of asthma, increased airway hyper-responsiveness, and increased the risk of glucocorticoid resistance. ...
... They play a significant role in airway inflammatory response such as airway eosinophilia, late asthmatic response and airway hyperresponsiveness as well as in immediate hypersensitivity reaction like bronchial contraction. [6] Uvans has studied mast cell degranulation and its correlation with the release of histamine after administration of a mast cell degranulating agent such as compound 48/80. [22] Lakdawala et al. have shown that clonidine release histamine from mast cells in a manner similar to a compound 48/80. ...
Article
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BackBackground: The inverse correlation exists between plasma vitamin D level and development of asthma whereas the direct correlation exists between occurrence of asthma and histamine level. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate anti-histaminic activity of vitamin D in experimental models. Materials and Methods: The histaminic actions modulating role of vitamin D was assessed using histamine induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, clonidine induced rat mast cell degranulation and haloperidol induced catalepsy in mice. Results: The vitamin D treatment showed significant (p<0.001) increased in histamine induced proconvulsive time in guinea pigs, inhibited clonidine induced rat mast cell degranulation and attenuated haloperidol-induced catalepsy in mice. Conclusion: The current study revealed that vitamin D possesses antihistaminic activity by inhibiting H1 receptor action and histamine release from the cells.
... Glucose activity Extract showed insulin-induced glucose activity at a concentration of 50 μg/mL [65] Dried Leaves 17 Saharawi diabetic and 10 healthy people in refugee camps meal supplemented with 20 g of MO leaves powder A lower increment of the postprandial blood glucose in diabetic participants [66] Arial Parts 42 male Albino rats Rats with HFD-induced obesity orally administered with 200 or 400 mg/kg body wt of extract for one month Significantly decreased the levels of glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR [67] Arial Parts 32 adult female Wistar rats ...
Article
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Moringa oleifera, native to India, grows in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is commonly known as ‘drumstick tree’ or ‘horseradish tree’ and has gained attention in recent years for its nutritional and medicinal properties. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current scientific understanding of Moringa oleifera. The review covers the plant's botany, nutritional composition, and phytochemical content. It also discusses the plant's pharmacological and medicinal properties, including its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-viral and anti-microbial activities. Additionally, the review examines the potential applications of Moringa oleifera in food and agriculture, as well as its industrial uses, such as in biofuel production. Summarizing, this review article provides a comprehensive and scientific overview of Moringa oleifera, highlighting its potential as a valuable plant resource with numerous applications and benefits for human health and well-being. The review article also identifies areas for future research to further explore the plant's potential and unlock its full potential as a natural resource.
... Alcoholic extract of this plant seed kernels were found spasmolytic in acetylcholilne, histamine, BaCl2 and 5HT induced broncho spasm. In same study, it shown protection against egg albumin and compound 48/80 induced mast cell degrantulations as well as pretreatment with alcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera seed kernel, decrease carrageen in induced paw edema [38] . ...
... In acetylcholine, histamine, Bacl2, and 5HT-induced bronchiospasm, alcohol extracts seedof kernels were found to be spasmolytic. 18 ...
Conference Paper
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Moringa has been long used to treat the infections and diseases that is the common cold and diabetes. In which several of the steroids, alkaloids, glycosides compounds along with lipids and varieties of protein were also available as an important bioactive constituent in moringa. Rich sources of Vitamin A, Vitamin C and milk proteins, glucosinolate and isothiocyanate, terpene, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. It belongs to the family Moringaceae and its genus which consists of 13 species that are mostly cultivated in all over the Asia and Africa. These plants possess various medicinal properties which can be founded in every section of it such as anti-asthamatic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant etc. The purpose of this review is to discuss and concluded the knowledge about on phytochemical composition and wound healing activity of moringa Olifera.
... [32] The ethanolic extract of Moringa concanensis leaves may produce its anticonvulsant effects via multiple mechanisms because it abolished the hind limb extension induced by maximal electroshock-induced seizures as well as abolished seizures produced by pentylenetetrazole. [33] The Moringa oleifera dichloromethane extract shows high antioxidant activity [34] ; antidiabetic, aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves shows antidiabetic activity and controls diabetes and thus exhibits glycemic control [35][36][37] ; cardiovascular activity, ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves showed prominent antihypertensive or hypotensive activity [38] ; antifertility activity, aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera roots was found to be effective as antifertility in the presence or absence of estradiol dipropionate and progesterone [39] ; antiurolithiatic activity [40] ; antiasthamatic activity [41,42] ; hepatoprotective activity [43] ; anticancer activity, [44] etc. In Ayurveda, karma of Shigru is as Kusthaghn, [8,22] Vishghna, [4,5,[22][23][24] Chakshushya, [4,7,22,[24][25][26] and Jwaraghna [22] dravya. ...
Article
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Background Plants are the main source of medicine in traditional system of medicines like Ayurveda . In Ayurvedic literature, there are indications of Basti (drug administration through anal route) and Nasya (drug administration through nasal route) along with oral route. Similarly, for external application, there were many forms such as lepa (external application of paste), Aschyotana (eye drops), Anjana (collyrium), etc. The Ayurveda literature is a treasure of many formulations that can be therapeutically used through various routes in Netra roga (eye disorders), Karna roga (ear disorders), Kustha (skin diseases), Apsmara (epilepsy), Galganda (goitre), and Slipada (elephantiasis). Systematic monographs of single drugs can be very useful for clinical application. Moringa oleifera is a single drug, which is abundantly available as well as therapeutically efficacious; this review is an appraisal to compile and present the external therapeutic uses of Shigru ( Moringa oleifera Lam). Aim The aim of the study was to review the Ayurvedic literature to collect information regarding the external therapeutic use of various parts of Shigru . Materials and Methods Extensive review of Shigru involves the study of Veda, Samhita, Chikitsa granth , Ayurvedic compendia, and various databases like database of India, etc., regarding various formulations, dosage form, indications, and useful parts. Result During the literature survey, a total of 149 formulations in 145 dosage forms of Shigru have been recommended for 24 diseases. Conclusions Shigru is extensively useful for external application, and based on the information presented in this literature survey, it can be therapeutically used in many diseases as well as novel formulations and dosage forms using Shigru ( Moringa oleifera Lam).
... Pharmacological studies showed that the ethanolic extract of M. oleifera leaves have antihypertensive (hypotensive) activity [4]. Similarly, alcoholic extracts of seed kernels of M. oleifera exhibited antiasthmatic activity [5], whereas the aqueous extract of leaves demonstrated antidiabetic activity [6]. In another study, the hepatoprotective activity was noticed in leaves and seeds [7] and anticancerous activity was noted in ethanolic extract of M. oleifera seeds [8,9]. ...
Article
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Plant species are known to harbor large number of endophytes, which stays in plant tissues as symbionts. These endophytes secrete large array of bioactive compounds that have potency against certain diseases with no side effects. We have collected leaf samples of the Moringa oleifera plant from the Pakistan Forest Institute, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan for the isolation of beneficial endophytes. The strains isolated from the leaves of M. oleifera were coded with MOL and tested for antimicrobial, antifungal, germicidal, phytotoxic, insecticidal, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The isolates, MOL1, MOL16, MOL19, and MOL21, possessed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas MOL7 inhibited 55% of the growth of Escherichia coli. MOL3 inhibited the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains, MOL1 and MOL7, showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while the strains, MOL11 and MOL17, showed activity against Verticillium chlamydosporium. The isolates, MOL3, MOL7, MOL9, MOL15, MOL17, MOL18, and MOL19, inhibited the growth of Lemna minor (duckweed) at 100 μg/ml. MOL2 exhibited strong activity in the brine shrimp assay, while MOL1, MOL2, MOL5, MOL6, MOL12, MOL17, MOL19, and MOL20 showed insecticidal, and MOL3 demonstrated larvicidal and antileishmanial activity. The isolated potent endophytes were identified as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Tricoderma, Rhizoctonia, Mucor, Alternaria, Pestalotiopsis, Acremonium, and Cladosporium through morphological and microscopic characteristics of the colonies.
... 90,91 • Alcoholic extracts of M. oleifera seed kernels were found spasmolytic in acetylcholine, histamine, Bacl2 and 5HT, induced bronchospasm. 92 Anti-cancer Activity • Ethanolic extracts of leaves and seeds of M. oleifera show potent anti-tumor activ ity. Thiocarbamate and isothiocyanate related compounds were isolated and which act as inhibitor of tumor promot er. ...
Article
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Moringa oleifera Lam. or munga is one of the most important plants widely cultivated in India. It belongs to family Moringaceae. It is a popular Indian medicinal plant, has long been used commonly in Ayurvedic system of medicine. M. oleifera is rich in various active phyto-constituents (tannins, sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, and vitamins) in addition to different minerals in its leaves and seeds. The plant has been found to exhibit diverse number of pharmacological activities such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anticancer, antioxidant, nootropic, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, anti-ulcer, cardiovascular, anti-obesity, antiepileptic, anti-asthmatic, antidiabetic, anti-urolithiatic, diuretic, local anaesthetic, anti-allergic, anthelmintic, wound healing, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antidiarrheal properties. The present paper gives an account of updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities. So, the aim of the present review is to provide comprehensive information from recognized sources on the ethnobotany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological efficacy and of the medicinal plant, M. oleifera. These reports are very encouraging and indicate that herb should be studied more extensively for its therapeutic benefits. Clinical trials using Moringa for a variety of combinations in different formulations should also be conducted.
... There was a considerable weight loss as compared to the fat control grouped by using oral therapy with leaf powder extract of M. oleifera [151]. Treatment of hypercholesterolemia animals with methanolic M. oleifera leaf extract for 49 days resulted in a major reduction in cholesterol level, body weight, fatty acids, as well as blood glucose level, liver indicators, and organ weight levels [152,153]. In heavy rats, downregulation of leptin and resistant mRNA articulation and overexpression of adiponectin quality articulation are among the mechanisms [154]. ...
Article
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Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is one of the most essential medicinal plants primarily found in the rainforest area and forest ecosystem, but is now well-adapted in an organized cultivation system. Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is well-known as Drumstick tree, Moringa kai, color, Marengo, Moringe, mulangay, Sahjan, and Sajna, which are its native names commonly used. It has nourishing, beneficial, and preventive effects when taken as food and has an extensive scope of high restorative properties with huge dietary benefits. Different parts of the M. oleifera plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and roots, contain a significant amount of protein, ß-carotene, amino acids, important minerals, and various phenolic compounds. Because of its multifarious health benefits for its therapeutic value, it is considered an essential plant. The plant is found to be blessed with several medicinal characteristics such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antipyretic, antiepileptic, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, cholesterol-level down, cell reinforcement, and hepatoprotective. Moreover, it is used traditionally in the local curative system against cardiac problems, and the antifungal properties are efficiently utilized for the treatment of a wide range of ailments. The present review article was designed to explore the nutritional and economic benefits, medicinal and therapeutic applications, and the future biomedical prospects of Moringa with a view towards human wellbeing.
... Alcoholic extract of Moringa seed kernel showed spasmolytic action in acetylcholine, histamine, BaCl2 and 5HT induced bronchospasm in animal study [48] . ...
Article
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Moringa oleifera Lam., is often referred to as “The Miracle Tree” due to its highly utility and it is said that every part of this tree have beneficial properties that can serve humanity. Moringa oleifera Lam., is native to the Indian sub-continent and naturalized in tropical and sub tropical areas around the world. It is very important and highly valuable medicinal plant. It has impressive range of different pharmacological action of various parts of this plant such as leaves, roots, seeds, bark, pods, flowers shows anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, antispasmodic, antipyretic, hypotensive, cholesterol lowering, anti-diabetic, anti-biotic etc. activity. Different parts of this plant contain a unique combination of important nutritional minerals, vitamins, amino acids, ß-carotene, and various phenolics. It is widely used for medicinal and therapeutically with its high nutritional value in the indigenous system of medicine. The aim of present review study is to explore the importance of Moringa oleifera Lam., to reveal the nutritional and medicinal properties of this plant and summarize scientific evidence of pharmacological properties that supports the value and multifunctional uses.
... Gilani et al. in 1994 reported that the alcoholic extract of M. oleifera leaves showed prominent anti-hypertensive and hypotensive activities (Gilani et al., 1994)niazinin A (1. Aqueous extract of the root and the bark of M. oleifera has anti-fertility and anti-urolithiatic activity respectively (Shukla et al., 1988;Fahad et al., 2010). Alcoholic extracts of seed kernels were found to be spasmolytic in acetylcholine, histamine and induced bronchospasm (Mehta and Agrawal 2008). It is also reported that the methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of root, bark, leaves, flower and seed of M. oleifera possess anti-inflammatory activity (Cáceres et al., 1992;Paikra et al., 2017) leaves, roots, seeds and stalks or bark of Moringa oleifera were screened to detect three pharmacologie activities in experimental models in rats. ...
Chapter
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Moringa oleifera Lam., is a tree species of Moringaceae family, distributed in tropical to subtropical parts, and is indigenous to India. It is commonly known as 'drumstick tree', 'chajina' or 'sojna' in India. It is one of the most useful and multipurpose trees with high nutritive value. Every part of this tree is suitable for nutritional and economical purposes. It contains affluence of essential disease preventing nutrients. They even contain all of the essential amino acids, which is unusual for a plant source. They also have sulphur containing amino acids methionine and cystine. The tree is an exceptionally good source of vitamins A, B, C and minerals like calcium and iron. It has many therapeutic uses including antimalarial, antimicrobial, antidiabetic and anticancer properties. It is considered as a superfood in modern world because of its high nutritive contents. It plays an important role in ethnobotanical traditional medicine as well. This review paper explores the different aspects of Moringa oleifera across disciplines like nutritional value, therapeutic properties, economical and ethnobotanical uses and consumption as food around the world.
... However, few of these bioactivities are confirmatory of the supposed use of the plants in purifying, cleansing, detoxifying or strengthening blood and possess little direct positive correlation with (good) blood health. Only 15 (20.2%) species could be correlated with studies pertaining to blood health, for instance, anti-platelet aggregation, vasorelaxant, bronchodilatory, antihyperlipidaemic, cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects of Allium sativum (Kaur et al. 2016;Sobenin et al. 2019;Silagy and Neil 1994;Bordia et al. 1996;Fehri et al. 2011) andMoringa oleifera (Acuram andHernandez 2019;Aniss et al. 2020;Mehta and Agrawal 2008;Dillasamola et al. 2018;Arabshahi-Delouee et al. 2009;Cáceres et al. 1992;Aekthammarat et al. 2020), antihypertensive and cardioprotective activities of Olea capensis (Susalit et al. 2011;Circosta et al. 1990;Scheffler et al. 2008) and antihypertensive activity of Clausena anisata (Duncan et al. 1999;Lechaba et al. 2016). Cardioprotective activities were also reported for Centella asiatica (Das 2011), Nasturtium officinale (Fogarty et al. 2013), Solanum nigrum (Bhatia et al. 2011) and Withania somnifera (Mohanty et al. 2008), while antihyperlipidaemic and vasorelaxant activities were reported for Rubus apetalus (Raghavendra et al. 2019) and Delonix elata (Ravindra and Priyanka 2018) and Persia americana (Owolabi et al. 2005), respectively. ...
Article
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Background Blood cleansing, purification, detoxification or strengthening is an ancient folkloric East African practice without any validated scientific underpinnings. This study was undertaken to retrieve ethnobotanical information and reported bioactivities of plants claimed to be blood purifiers, cleansers, detoxifiers and tonics in Eastern Africa and correlate their claimed use with scientific studies to find out whether there is any justification for their use in this ancient practice. Method An elaborate review was performed in electronic databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis Online, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Web of Science) and the Google search engine to retrieve information on ethnomedicinal plants used in East Africa in blood purification, detoxification, cleansing or strengthening and their investigated bioactivities related to their use in this traditional practice. Results The search retrieved 74 plant species from 45 families distributed among 66 genera with some documented bioactivities, though, with little correlation with their traditional utilization in blood purification, cleansing, detoxification and strengthening. Some justification of the link between blood purification, cleansing, detoxification and strengthening and the use of the plants as antiplatelet aggregation, vasorelaxant, bronchodilatory, antihyperlipidaemic, cardioprotective, antiatherosclerotic and immunomodulatory agents were evident, but majorly antimicrobial activity has been investigated in most species. Thus, only 15 (20.2%) of the plant species (Allium sativum, Moringa oleifera, Olea capensis, Clausena anisata, Centella asiatica, Nasturtium officinale, Solanum nigrum, Withania somnifera, Rubus apetalus, Delonix elata, Persia americana, Aloe vera, Azadirachta indica, Echinacea angustifolia and Dioscorea bulbifera) could be directly correlated with studies pertaining to blood health. Conclusion Medicinal plants used in blood purification, cleansing, detoxification and strengthening in East Africa play a holistic role in rejuvenation of overall human health. Few studies have examined their bioactivities pertaining to blood health. Thus, bioactivities and pharmacological activities (such as blood thinning, hypolipemic, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, tonic and renoprotective properties) and phytochemicals of the claimed plants warrant further research as these could lead to discovery of chemical scaffolds of lead compounds that can be used in modern blood purification.
... Moringa oleifera seed alcoholic extracts were found to be spasmolytic in Acetylcholine, BaCl 2 , histamine, and 5HT induced bronchospasm. In the same analysis, treatment with Moringa oleifera seed alcoholic extracts showed a reduction in carrageenan induced paw edema, with defense against egg albumin and the caused 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation [97]. Mahajan et al. [98] studied the success of n-butanol Moringa oleifera seed extract (MONB) towards ovalbumin-induced inflammation in the airway of guinea pigs. ...
Chapter
Moringa species have a wide variety of functional compounds from various vegetative parts, that is, leaves, roots, seeds, and green pods. Such functional compounds are made of carbohydrates, phenolic substances, fatty acids and fats, and proteins and are ideally suitable for several dietary formulations. This review provides information on bioactive compounds of Moringa oleifera and other Moringa species. This review aims to identify the bioactive compounds and benefits for food products. Moreover, efficient methods are discussed for extracting and characterizing the bioactive compounds in Moringa species. In addition, the medicinal properties provided by bioactive compounds of Moringa species are also reviewed.
... Moringa oleifera seed alcoholic extracts were found to be spasmolytic in Acetylcholine, BaCl 2 , histamine, and 5HT induced bronchospasm. In the same analysis, treatment with Moringa oleifera seed alcoholic extracts showed a reduction in carrageenan induced paw edema, with defense against egg albumin and the caused 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation [97]. Mahajan et al. [98] studied the success of n-butanol Moringa oleifera seed extract (MONB) towards ovalbumin-induced inflammation in the airway of guinea pigs. ...
... Additionally, the flour produces Complimentary Contributor Copy no adverse effects. First, the effects were not attributed to any specific compound, but due to M. oleifera seed easy availability and low cost, different extracts were obtained to find the responsible phytochemical (Mehta and Agrawal 2008). Ethanol and n-butanol extracts from M. oleifera seeds showed effective against this disease when proved over guinea pigs induced to suffer asthma attacks (bronchospasms). ...
Chapter
Alzheimer is a chronic-generative neurological syndrome which affects mainly the central nervous system, however late experimental, epidemiological and clinical data had shown that the illness also affects nerve endings beyond the brain and cerebellum. The current panorama of the fight against Alzheimer’s disease, although it has made great advances in terms of its early diagnosis, has been halted due to the complex of its physiopathology, so that although there is not yet a cure for this condition, if it has been possible to establish and develop therapies focused on decreasing its progression and its impact on the quality of life of patients. However, the current allopathic therapy available, in addition to being expensive and of little access, also brings a diversity of adverse side effects due to the interaction between medications and the prolonged term of these treatments. The study of medicinal plants still today, offers possible pharmacological agents for treatments of chronic degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, in the search for new therapies with greater therapeutic effect and lower toxic effects than conventional therapies. However, the greatest limitation that still exists is to transpose the results obtained in the pre-clinical phase into the clinical phase, which implies time and investment funds, which is why bio-directed studies and semi-synthesis changes in the chemical structure of metabolites are viable tools that allow us to facilitate research and production. It was also concluded that those natural compounds that have amphipathic characteristics and a small molecular weight are the most viable candidates as anti-Alzheimer agents, such as modified alkaloids and flavonoids, which exert a therapeutic multi-effect at various levels of the disease, mainly in the inhibition of key enzymes like acetyl and butyrylcholine esterase.
... Ha sido ampliamente estudiada, los extractos acuosos de las hojas han inhibido el crecimiento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Staphylococcus aureus en pruebas in vitro [4] , también posee acción hipoglucemiante en ratas aloxano diabéticas [5] , antiinflamatoria principalmente sobre vías respiratorias [6] y el aceite extraído de sus semillas posee propiedades antioxidantes [7] . ...
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Actualmente el uso corriente de plantas medicinales para el tratamiento de las diferentes afecciones se ha incrementado y en la mayoría de los casos se comercializan sin previos estudios de toxicidad. M. oleifera es un árbol distribuido en zonas tropicales y subtropicales, muy utilizado en la medicina tradicional para tratar múltiples afecciones. En el marco del Proyecto de Investigación incentivado 16Q626 “Evaluación de la Genotoxicidad de Extractivos de Especies Medicinales de uso corriente para las afecciones más frecuentes en la Ciudad de Posadas Provincia de Misiones Argentina”, en esta instancia se propuso analizar la genotoxicidad de extractos acuosos de M. oleifera por medio del test de Allium cepa. El experimento consistió en dos etapas, donde además de determinar la concentración que detiene el crecimiento de las raíces un 50% en comparación con los controles y las anomalías macroscópicas, se buscaron los biomarcadores predeterminados de genotoxicidad (cromosomas rezagados, c-mitosis, anafase puente, etc) a concentraciones iguales o superiores a la concentración 50. Las concentraciones más elevadas probadas mostraron mayor inhibición de la mitosis con respecto a los controles, pero no se encontraron efectos genotóxicos, aunque las concentraciones utilizadas en el experimento, no son usuales de M. oleífera en la medicina tradicional.
... The mortality was observed after 1 hour of anaphylactic shock. Percentage of mortality was calculated by using the following formula (Chitme, 2010, Subhashini et al., 2013, Mehta, 2008, Das and Chauhan 2013. ...
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Objective: Neuracanthus sphaerostachyus has been used traditionally to cure skin diseases, cough, and asthma in western ghat. Extensive review of literature and evidences indicating the utility of this plant in the treatment of asthma prompted us to investigate the anti-asthmatic activity of the plant in different experimental screening methods. Materials and Methods: In vitro & in-vivo anti-asthmatic activity of the methanolic and aqueous extract of Neuracanthus sphaerostachyus leaves was investigated using various experimental models. In-vivo studies like compound 48/80 induced systemic anaphylaxis and In-vitro studies like compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation, Milk induced leucocytosis & eosinophilia was evaluated at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, orally doses. Results: Methanolic and aqueous extract of the drug showed a significant bronchodilation, anti-histaminic, mast cell stabilizing, and anti-cholinergic activity in their respective evaluation parameters dose-dependently. Ketotifen fumarate (10 g/ml), Dexamethasone (50 mg/kg) and Disodium chromoglycate (10 mg/kg) were used as a standard μ control. The present study concluded that methanolic and aqueous extract of Conclusion: Neuracanthus sphaerostachyus has significant anti-asthmatic potential benefit. Keywords: Neuracanthus sphaerostachyus, compound 48/80, mast cell degranulation, leukocytosis, eosinophilia
... The prevalence of patients exhibited the lead to increasing hemoprotein values and abatement in the erythrocytes rate. Alcoholic extract of M. oleifera seed kernel was found spasmolytic in acetylcholine, histamine as well as evoked bronchospasm [61]. ...
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Moringa oleifera is a plant that has copious medicative properties and widely known as “drumstick plant” or “horseradish plant” and most widely vascular plant in India. This is a nutritional plant (herb) that consists of many pharmacological and biological exertion such as antiasthmatic, diuretic, antiepileptic, cardiovascular as well as antioxidants and also beneficial in wound healing enterprise. The anti-asthmatic action of M. oleifera seeds kernel ethanolic extract evoked by histamine and acetylcholine aerosol. Pre-treatment by ethanol gives the extract of M. oleifera also diminished carrageenan convinced rat paw edema that was comparable to standard diclofenac sodium. This review summarizes the biological exertion such as a cardiovascular, diuretic, and biological activities such as antimicrobial, antiepileptic, and anti-allergic activities and also provides pharmacological activities in essence anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-asthmatic activities.
... M. oleifera is an extraordinarily healthful vegetable tree with a range of potential uses (Saini et al. 2014b(Saini et al. , 2016. Extracts from all parts of M. oleifera tree render pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-asthmatic activity (Mehta and Agrawal 2008). M. oleifera is generally propagated by seeds or cuttings. ...
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An improved micropropagation protocol facilitating continuous multiplication of elite germplasm of Moringa oleifera has been developed. Initial culture of nodal explant in MS medium supplemented with 2.5 µM BA resulted in the formation of 12.5 shoots per explant with high frequency of leaf fall (84.3%). To confirm whether the leaf fall is due to accumulation of ethylene in the culture vessel, effect of ethylene releasing agent CEPA in the medium was tested. In order to reduce leaf fall and improve multiplication, varying concentration of anti-ethylene agent, AgNO3 was incorporated in the medium. Addition of 2.5 μM AgNO3 in combination with 2.5 μM BA produced maximum number of shoots (17.6) including shoots originated from the base of the explant and shoots from the axillary buds of the primary shoots, where significant reduction in leaf fall (20.6%) was noticed. This enabled sustained multiplication of M. oleifera through continuous subculture without adversely affecting shoot number or shoot quality in terms of shoot length. Microshoots obtained from fourth subculture onwards were used for ex vitro rooting and found that by treating 50 µM NAA for 30 s, maximum numbers of microshoots (83.3%) were rooted. Rooted plants were acclimatized, survived and were successfully transferred to field. Genetic fidelity analysis using 10 ISSR primers revealed more than 95% monomorphic bands among plants raised in MS medium containing low concentration (2.5 µM) of AgNO3 and BA (2.5 µM). The addition of AgNO3 in the medium sustained in vitro growth and effectively prevented leaf fall compared to control, thus demonstrating efficient micropropagation of M. oleifera.
... The mortality was observed after 1 hour of anaphylactic shock. Percentage of mortality was calculated by using the following formula (Chitme, 2010, Subhashini et al., 2013, Mehta, 2008, Das and Chauhan 2013. ...
... A great number of pharmacological activity has also been reported .Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of leaves and roots of Moringa oleifera has been reported to have a strong in-vitro anti-oxidant and radical scavenging activity [13] while Methanolic and ethanolic extract of leaves against pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock induced convulsions, demontrated significant anti-convulsant activity [14,15]. Potent antidiabetic activity from different extracts of leaves, seed and pod, has also been reported [16,17,18] an investigation against seed power also revealed its Anti-asthmatic activity [19,20]. Study on Ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera exhibited potent anti-tumor [21] and Anthelmintic activity [22,23]. ...
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Background: Moringa oleifera has been used in folk medicine to alleviate several diseases. In the present study, ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera bark has been investigated to study its potential on paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity on model rats. Methods: Rats (150-200 gm) were divided into 5 groups containing 6 animals each. Acute hepatotoxicity was induced by paracetamol (600 mg/kg body weight) administered once daily for one week whereas the extract of investigated plant was given orally throughout the whole experiment at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight. Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight) was given orally as standard hepatoprotective drug. The level of hepatic injury recovery was determined by the estimation of liver enzymes like SGPT, SGOT, ALP, Bilirubin, Total protein, globulin and Albumin. Original Research Article Islam et al.; JPRI, 25(4): 1-9, 2018; Article no.JPRI.47486 2 Results: Treatment with MO extract as well as standard hepatoprotective agent silymarin ameliorated plasma levels of hepatic enzymes. Body weight was improved significantly by MO extracts (p < 0.01), whereas liver weight was recovered insignificantly. SGPT, SGOT and ALP levels were improved very highly significantly (p<0.001) and highly significantly (p<0.01) at MO 250mg dose. While at the dose of 500 mg/kg ameliorated SGPT Level very highly significantly (p<0.001), SGOT Level highly significantly (p<0.01) but insignificant to ALP level. Conclusion: The biochemical parameters provide evidence that the ethanolic extract of of Moringa oleifera bark has shown hepatoprotective activity.
... Protection against asthma; this effect was a direct bronchodilator effect combined with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions . 49 Anita et al. ...
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Presently research on herbal drug has attracted a lot of attention globally. The herbal drugs are consisting of phytoconstituents that offer therapeutic effects against various diseases. Till date researchers reported significant potential of herbal drugs employed in various traditional, complementary and alternative systems. The pharmacological activity and phytochemical of several medicinal plants has been scientifically documented. Cucurbita moschata and Moringa oleifera are the medicinal plant and used as nutraceuticals, food supplements, folk medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemical entities for synthetic drug. The present review is useful for up-to date investigations on the medicinal activity of Cucurbita moschata and Moringa oleifera.
... [117,118] Mechanisms include downregulation of mRNA expression of leptin and resistin and upregulation of adiponectin gene expression in obese rats. [119] Antiasthmatic activity Extract of seeds showed protection against asthma as investigated in various models; the proposed mechanism for this effect was a direct bronchodilator effect combined with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions [120] and inhibition of immediate hypersensitive reaction. [121] Ethanol extract of seeds tested against ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in guinea pigs showed a significant increase in respiratory parameters and reduction in interleukins in bronchoalveolar lavage. ...
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Moringa oleifera is a valued medicinal plant in traditional folk medicine. Many pharmacological studies have shown the ability of this plant to exhibit analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anticancer, antioxidant, nootropic, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, anti-ulcer, cardiovascular, anti-obesity, antiepileptic, antiasthmatic, antidiabetic, anti-urolithiatic, diuretic, local anesthetic, anti-allergic, anthelmintic, wound healing, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antidiarrheal properties. This review is a comprehensive summary of the phytochemical and pharmacological activities as well as the traditional and therapeutic uses of this plant. M. oleifera has wide traditional and pharmacological uses in various pathophysiological conditions. We will review the various properties of M. oleifera (drumstick tree) and focus on its various medicinal properties. We think that it is an attractive subject for further experimental and clinical investigations.
... Antiasthmatic activity Alcoholic extracts of Moringa oleifer seed kernels were found spasmolytic in Acetylcholine, histamine, BaCl 2 and 5HT induced bronchospasm. In same study, it shown protection against egg albumin and compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation as well as pretreatment with alcoholic extract ofMoringa oleiferaseed kernel, decrease carrageenin induced paw edema [33]. ...
... Debido a su alto contenido de fenoles, vitaminas, ácidos grasos omega 3, aminoácidos, glutatión, esteroles e isocianatos, los extractos de las raíces y de las semillas de M. oleifera contribuyen directa o indirectamente a la protección contra enfermedades inflamatorias ( Ezeamuzle, Ambadederomo, Shode y Ekwebelem, 1996). Se ha comprobado el efecto protector de los extractos de semillas contra diferentes condiciones patológicas inflamatorias, incluyendo el alivio de inflamaciones bronquiales como el asma (Mehta y Agrawal, 2008). Experimentos in vivo demostraron que extractos acuosos ( Ndiaye et al., 2002) y metanólicos ( Ezeamuzie et al., 1996) de raíces de moringa reducen notablemente el edema inducido por carragenina. ...
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Moringa oleifeira is a tree from India to which many benefits for human welfare are ascribed. It grows fast, is little demanding on the soil and is cultivated throughout the inter-tropical strip. One of the main uses of its leaves and the seed press cake is in the formulation of rations for animal feeding. However, practically all the parts of the tree have diverse applications, about which there are testimonies since ancient times. This work reviews the available literature about the utilization of this plant. Different application fields of M. oleifera are presented in the light of the increasing scientific interest it has generated in recent years. The objective is to show the evidence contributed by the scientific literature which confirms and explains the properties and applications of M. oleifera, which are far from unconfirmed versions provided by popular literature and publicity.
... Seed of this plant is used as human food, medicine, in oil production (Anwer et al., 2007) and also for efficient treatment of hard water (Muyubi and Evison, 1995). Extracts from the seeds were reported to possess many interesting biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial activities, hepatoprotective and hypotensive effects (Caceres et al., 1992;Faizi et al., 1998;Guevara et al., 1999;Lalas and Tsaknis, 2002;Mahajan et al., 2007;Mehta and Agrawal., 2008;Hamza, 2010). Phytochemicals analysis revealed that the seed contained various compounds such as O-ethy1-4-(alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl carbamate, 4(alpha-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate, niazimicin, niasirin, beta-sitosterol, glycerol-1-(9octadecanoate), 3-O-(6'-O-oleoyl-beta-D-glucopyrano-syl)-beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-Dglucopyranoside (Guevara et al., 1999). ...
Article
The safety of ethanolic extract from the seeds of Moringa oleifera was evaluated for its oral toxicity by acute toxicity test and subchronic toxicity study in experimental animals. The acute toxicity test in mice showed that the extract at doses ranging from 5.1 to 10.0 g/kg caused toxic signs and dose dependent mortality. Oral administration of the extract in rats at doses of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day for 90 consecutive days revealed that male rats treated with the extract at 1000 mg/kg had a significant decrease in RBC but this alteration was within rats reference range. A significant decrease in eosinophil cells in the female rats receiving the extract at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and in the male rats receiving 1000 mg/kg were within normal range. A significant increase in glucose level in the female rats receiving the extract at 1000 mg/kg and a significant decrease in total protein in the male rats receiving 1000 mg/kg extract were within normal ranges. Stomachs of the male and female rats receiving the extract at the doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg showed significantly higher relative weights than those of their corresponding water and tragacanth controls. Histopathology of visceral organs indicated that the extract did not produce any dose related lesions. The data from this experiment may be a guideline for establishing the appropriate dose range of M. oleifera seed extract on further development of safety herbal products.
... Tanaman dapat menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang memiliki banyak khasiat dalam mengatasi berbagai penyakit (Heinrich et al, 2012) propianic), spinasterol-α, derivat fenil etilamina) (Muthumani et al., 2010). Azmi et al (2011) menyatakan putri malu mengandung senyawa 5, 7, 3',4'-tetrahydroxyl -6-C-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavones; Mehta & Agrawal, 2008). Kandungan utama yang terkandung yaitu Thymoquinone (38,23%), p-cymene (28,61%), ...
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Asma merupakan gangguan inflamasi kronis pada saluran pernafasan ditandai episode berulang mengi, sesak nafas, sesak dada, dan batuk. Berbagai sel inflamasi berperan terutama sel mast, eosinofil, sel limfosit T, makrofag, neutrofil dan sel epitel. Masyarakat di Indonesia turun temurun secara tradisional menggunakan bahan alam dalam mengatasi berbagai penyakit. Tanaman dapat menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang memiliki banyak khasiat dalam mengatasi berbagai penyakit disebabkan adanya efek sinergisme antar senyawa metabolit sekunder dan polivalent activity, sehingga memungkinkan mengatasi berbagai penyakit. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, asma dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan bahan alam diantaranya Putri Malu (Mimosa pudica, Linn.), Kelor (Moringa oleifera), Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa L.), Rumput Fatimah (Labisia pumila), Ciplukan (Physalis minima L), Senggugu (Clerodendrum serratumat), Jeringau (Acorus gramineus), dan Sirih (Piper betle Linn.). Abstract Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. Various inflammatory cells play a role, especially mast cells, eosinophils, T lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and epithelial cells. Indonesia people used natural materials to overcome various diseases. Plants can produce secondary metabolites that have many benefits in addressing a variety of diseases caused by the synergism between the effects of secondary metabolites and polivalent activity, making it possible to overcome various diseases. Based on this, asthma can be overcome by using natural medicines including Putri Malu (Mimosa pudica, Linn.), Kelor (Moringa oleifera), Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa L.), Rumput Fatimah (Labisia pumila), Ciplukan (Physalis minima L), Senggugu (Clerodendrum serratumat), Jeringau (Acorus gramineus), Sirih (Piper betle Linn.)
... The plant is medicinally important and is traditionally used in the treatment of ascites, rheumatism and venomous bites and as cardiac and circulatory stimulant 3 . Leaves are also known to have antioxidant properties and are known to cure hallucinations, dry tumors, hiccups and asthma 4 . Considering therapeutic potential of this plant, the present study was carried out to explore the antifungal activity of M. oleifera leaf against fungi normally implicated in many diseases and phytochemical screening to determine the phytoconstituents present in the plant. ...
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Background The success of chemotherapy lies in the continuous search for new drugs to counter the challenge posed by resistant microbes. Moringa oleifera has been traditionally used in Indian folklore medicine for the treatment of various microbial infections. Objective To investigate antifungal activity and explore the phytochemistry of methanolic and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of M. oleifera. Methods. Disc diffusion and broth dilution methods were used for antifungal activity and standard qualitative chemical tests for the identification of phytoconstituents. Results Both the plant extracts showed antifungal activity against Rizopus stolonifer and Microsporum gypsum. Ethyl acetate extract was more active against M. gypsum, while R. stolonifer was more sensitive to methanolic extract. MIC ranged from 1.56 to 6.25mg/ml for both the extracts. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, triterpenoids and steroids. Conclusion The study showed potential antifungal activity of M. oleifera extracts, particularly against dermatophytic fungi, M. gypseum, therefore, provides justification for the use of the plant species in folk medicine to treat skin and other infectious diseases. Keywords: Antifungal activity, chemotherapy, folklore medicine, Moringa oleifera, phytochemistry
... Moringa also suppresses prostaglandin biosynthesis through an inhibitory effect on COX-I and COX-II enzymes (Mehta and Agrawal, 2008). An extension of these results was the fact that Moringa also suppresses leukotriene biosynthesis; a mechanism which shares pharmacological property with glucocorticoids and may play a key role for their usefulness in human IBD (Koneni et al., 2009). ...
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Objective: Anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, and antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera Lam. suggest that it might have beneficial effects on colitis. The present study was performed to investigate the anticolitis effect of Moringa oleifera seeds hydro-alcoholic extract (MSHE) and its chloroform fraction (MCF) on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Materials and Methods: Both MSHE and MCF with three increasing doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were administered orally to separate groups of male Wistar rats, 2 h before ulcer induction (using acetic acid 4%) and continued for 5 days. Prednisolone (4 mg/kg) and normal saline (1 ml/kg) were used in reference and control groups, respectively. All rats were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose (at day 6) and tissue injuries were assessed macroscopically and pathologically. Results: Extracts with three doses mentioned before were effective to reduce weight of distal colon (8 cm) as a marker for inflammation and tissue edema. Three doses of MSHE and two greater doses of MCF (100 and 200 mg/kg) were effective to reduce ulcer severity, area, and index as well as mucosal inflammation severity and extent, crypt damage, invasion involvement, total colitis index, and MPO activity compared with controls. MCF (50 mg/kg) was not significantly effective in reducing evaluated parameters of colitis compared with controls. Conclusion: It is concluded that MSHE and MCF were both effective to treat experimental colitis and this might be attributed to their similar major components, biophenols and flavonoids. Since the efficacy was evident even in low doses of MSHE, presence of active constituents with high potency in seeds is persuasive.
... Percentage protection of the mast cells in the control group and the treated groups were calculated by counting the number of degranulated mast cells from total of at least 100 mast cells counted. Control group was consisted of positive control group in which egg albumin was added without addition of test agent and a negative control group in which neither egg albumin nor the test agent was added to correct the spontaneous degranulation of mast cells without any degranulating agent [14] . ...
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Moringa Oleifera is commonly known as drumstick tree, horseradish tree which belongs to the family Moringaceae. Drumstick tree is rich in protein, calcium, iron, and polyphenols. It has antioxidant property by removing free radicals. Moringa Oleifera is used to treat liver diseases, kidney stones, diabetes and constipation. It also acts as a source of health beneficial food ingredients. Usually the fruits are used as diaphoretic, splenomegaly, anthelmintic, Antiurolithiatic, diuretic and also useful in bronchitis, asthmatic conditions, and haemorrhoid. Moringa Oleifera extract of various parts is used for the treatment of heart disease, asthma, bronchitis, and for treatment of liver disease. The present review showed an overview on its pharmacological behaviour that are reported in the literature
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Ayurveda seeks to promote total health. Ayurveda prioritises maintaining health before treating diseases by reducing their symptoms. Additionally, it has been described as the science of age protection (ayu.). Diet, sleep, and brahmacharya(abstinence) are the three sub-pillars of health . Aahar, in our opinion, is crucial for maintaining both a healthy body and mind. Shigru (Moringa oleifera) is an anti-oxidant herb. It guards against numerousinfections and shields the body from free radicals.Shigruis a plant with a wide variety of therapeutic applications and great nutritional value. At various locations, the various portions of this plant are used as food. It is used to treat conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, malnutrition, arthritis, and joint diseases. This article has reviewed and explained the different health advantages of using shigruas well as how to use it asAahar
Chapter
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The Moringa tree is a medicinal plant that has been widely used in traditional medicine and food applications. All the parts of the tree are rich in nutrients that could be harnessed to address food and nutritional challenges in developing nations of the world. This chapter summarizes the role of Moringa oleifera in nutraceuticals and functional foods with emphasis on nutritional and traditional uses, antiasthmatic, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties of the seed, leaf, and flower. While the leaf has been widely used in food applications, the seed and flower have only been moderately used and characterized, thus necessitating further research into these parts of the plant. Future studies are required to fully explore the nutraceutical, functional, and food applications of the M. oleifera plant to enhance its industrial potential.
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Chapter
Biological activities occur as a result of certain effects from exposure to a molecule; these affect a metabolic or physiological response. Biological activity is defined as being applied to the simplest and most complex reaction and molecular systems. There are many sorts of biological activities, and these activities can be studied in vivo and in vitro. Biological activity always depends on the dose given to the living organism, so it is logical to show either beneficial or adverse effects that range from low to high. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are the main action used to measure biological activity.
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Lead (Pb) is an environmental toxicant; its consumption can induce renal deficits. In this study, we explored the possible protective efficiency of Moringa oleifera extract (MOE) against lead acetate (PbAc)-mediated reprotoxicity. Four experimental groups of seven rats each were used: control, PbAc, MOE, and MOE+PbAc groups. All groups were given their respective treatment for 4 weeks. PbAc impaired the oxidative/antioxidative balance in the renal tissue, as shown by the decreased antioxidant proteins (glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and increased oxidants (lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide). Additionally, PbAc enhanced the progression of kidney inflammation by increasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and nuclear factor kappa B associated with upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Moreover, a dysregulation in the apoptotic-regulating proteins (Bax, caspase-3, and Bcl2) were recorded upon PbAc exposure. Remarkably, MOE oral administration restored redox homeostasis, suppressed the inflammatory and apoptotic responses in the kidney tissue. Our findings point out that MOE could be used as an alternative remedy to overcome the adverse effects of Pb exposure, which may be due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects.
Article
The present research evaluates the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. seed kernel grown in Bangladesh. M. oleifera seed kernel was extracted with methanol, acetone and water individually. The phytochemical content was evaluated through the determination of total phenolic, total flavonoid and total tannin contents. In vitro antioxidant capacity was determined following four complementary methods: DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ABTS{2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)}, and NO (nitric oxide) free radical scavenging and reducing power tests. The total phenolic contents 60.99 ± 0.153, 30.78 ± 0.101 and 90.97 ± 0.134 mg gallic acid eq./g dry extract, total flavonoids contents 10.13 ± 0.171, 13.32 ± 0.101 and 221.76 ± 0.221 mg quercetin eq./g and total tannins contents 97.10 ± 0.153, 73.91 ± 0.107 and 21.74 ± 0.086 mg gallic acid eq./g dry extract were found to be present in methanol, acetone and water extracts respectively. Among the three extracts, the water extract exhibited significant activities for scavenging DPPH, ABTS and NO free radicals with EC50 values 36.89 ± 0.154, 13.20 ± 0.049 and 217.95 ± 0.327 μg/mL respectively against the standard antioxidant compound ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxy anisole. The results of this research revealed that among the three extracts of M. oleifera seed kernel the water extract exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity. Reducing power, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were also observed to be significant for the water extract. So in contrast of all the results of this study it can be concluded that among the three extracts (methanol, acetone and water) the water extract possessed potent antioxidant activity which support the use of M. oleifera seed kernel as natural antioxidant.
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Moringa oleifera Lam. or munga is one of the most important plant widely cultivated in India. It belongs to family Moringaceae. This plant is widely used as nutritional herb and contains valuable pharmacological action like anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti- fertility, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, cardiovascular, anti-ulcer, CNS activity, anti-allergic, wound healing, analgesic, and antipyretic activity, Moringa oleifera Lam. The plant is also known as Horse - radish tree, Drumstick tree. Every part of this plant contains a valuable medicinal feature. It contain rich source of the vitamin A, vitamin C and milk protein. Different types of active phytoconstituents like alkaloids, protein, quinine, saponins, flavonoids, tannin, steroids, glycosides, fixed oil and fats are present. This plant is also found in the tropical regions. Some other constituents are niazinin A, niazinin B and niazimicin A, niaziminin B. The present review discusses the phytochemical composition, medicinal uses & pharmacological activity of this plant.
Article
The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate antiasthmatic activity of fruit extract of Phyllanthus emblica. Antiasthmatic activity of methanolic extract of fruits of P. emblica was evaluated in guinea pigs and rats. Bronchodilating activity of fruit extract was evaluated against 0.1% histamine aerosol induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs. Methanolic extract of P. emblica in dose of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg were administered orally. Spasmolytic activity of fruit extract was studied against contraction induced by histamine (100μg/ml). The mast cell stabilizing activity of methanolic extract of P. emblica fruits (2, 4 and 6mg/ml) and antianaphylactic activity of methanolic extract of P. emblica fruits (200, 400 and 600mg/kg) were investigated against compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation and egg induced anaphylaxis in rats, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of P. emblica fruits (200, 400 and 600mg/kg) was investigated against carageenan induced paw edema in rats. Treatment with methanolic extract of P. emblica showed significant (**P<0.01) protection against histamine aerosol induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs. Methanolic extract of P. emblica fruits dose dependently protected the mast cell degranulation induced by compound 48/80. Significant inhibition (*P<0. 05, **P<0. 01) of egg albumin sensitized paw edema was observed and carageenan induced paw edema was observed by administration of methanolic extract of P. emblica as compared to control. Histamine induced contraction of guinea pig ileum was significantly inhibited (**P<0. 01, ***P<0. 001) by fruit extract of P. emblica. All these results suggest that methanolic extract of P. emblica fruits has not only bronchodilating activity but also mast cell stabilizing activity, antianaphylatic activity & anti-inflammatory activity, which could be helpful in preventing asthmatic attacks.
Article
From ancient times plants have been utilized as a source of medicine for asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease and it affects all age groups of peoples, currently available anti-asthmatic drugs have adverse effects therefore phytotherapeutic provides idea for producing new anti-asthmatic drugs to overcome the problem. This review affords a preview of the recent findings on some medicinal plants having anti-asthmatic effect and chemical constituents isolated from them. Constituents from the medicinal plants have been the major source for treatment of asthma and their traditional usage as medicine on the basis of experiences and traditional practitioner. The search for new and high value compounds is constantly enduring with lofty efficiency followed a squatregularity of adverse-effect drugs still need to be identified. Medicinal plants provide potential leads to find active molecules against asthma such as phenolics, sterol and terpenoids are a major class of phytoconstituents against asthma.
Article
Full-text available
From ancient times plants have been utilized as a source of medicine for asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease and it affects all age groups of peoples, currently available anti-asthmatic drugs have adverse effects therefore phytotherapeutic provides idea for producing new anti-asthmatic drugs to overcome the problem. This review affords a preview of the recent findings on some medicinal plants having anti-asthmatic effect and chemical constituents isolated from them. Constituents from the medicinal plants have been the major source for treatment of asthma and their traditional usage as medicine on the basis of experiences and traditional practitioner. The search for new and high value compounds is constantly enduring with lofty efficiency followed a squat regularity of adverse-effect drugs still need to be identified. Medicinal plants provide potential leads to find active molecules against asthma such as phenolics, sterol and terpenoids are a major class of phytoconstituents against asthma.
Article
Full-text available
ResUmen Moringa oleifera es un árbol originario de la India al que se le atribuyen múltiples beneficios para el bienestar humano. Es de crecimiento rápido, de relativamente poca exigencia hacia el suelo y se cultiva en toda la franja intertropical. Uno de los principales usos de sus hojas y de la torta de prensado de su semilla es en la formulación de raciones para la alimentación animal. Sin embargo, prácticamente todas las partes del árbol tienen diversas aplicaciones, sobre lo cual existen testimonios que se remontan a la Antigüedad. En este trabajo se hace una revisión de la literatura disponible sobre la utilización de esta planta. Se presentan distintos campos de aplicación de M. oleifera a la luz del creciente interés científico que ha generado en los últimos lustros. El objetivo es presentar las evidencias aportadas por la literatura científica que confirman y explican las propiedades y aplicaciones de la moringa, las cuales se distancian de versiones sin confirmar aportadas por la literatura popular y la publicidad. AbstRAct Moringa oleifeira is a tree from India to which many benefits for human welfare are ascribed. It grows fast, is little demanding on the soil and is cultivated throughout the inter-tropical strip. One of the main uses of its leaves and the seed press cake is in the formulation of rations for animal feeding. However, practically all the parts of the tree have diverse applications, about which there are testimonies since ancient times. This work reviews the available literature about the utilization of this plant. Different application fields of M. oleifera are presented in the light of the increasing scientific interest it has generated in recent years. The objective is to show the evidence contributed by the scientific literature which confirms and explains the properties and applications of M. oleifera, which are far from unconfirmed versions provided by popular literature and publicity.
Article
Abstract The anti-asthmatic activity of a 50% aqueous ethanol extract of dried and fresh leaves, and the volatile and fixed oils of Ocimum sanctum was evaluated against histamine- and acetylcholine-in-duced pre-convulsive dyspnea (PCD) in guinea pigs. The 50% ethanol extract of fresh leaves, volatile oil extracted from fresh leaves and fixed oil from the seeds significantly protected the guinea pigs against histamine- and acetylcholine-induced PCD. These extracts also inhibited hind paw edema induced in rats by treatment with carrageenan, serotonin, histamine or PGE2. However, the 50% ethanol extract of dried leaves did not protect the guinea pigs against histamine-induced PCD.
Article
Studies were conducted on the decoction of the bark of Albizzia lebbeck which has been in use by Ayurvedic physicians for bronchial asthma and eczema. The effect of A. lebbeck was studied on the degranulation rate of sensitized peritoneal mast cells of albino rats when challenged with antigen (horse serum). Triple vaccine was used as adjuvant. Disodium cromoglycate (DCG) and prednisolone were used for comparison. Drugs were given during the first or second week of sensitization and the mast cells studied at the end of the second or third week. Serum from these rats was used to passively sensitize recipient rats whose peritoneal mast cells were then studied. The in vitro effects of A. lebbeck and DCG on the degranulation rate of the sensitized mast cells were also studied. The results show that A. lebbeck has a significant cromoglycate-like action on the mast cells. In addition, it appears that it inhibits the early processes of sensitization and synthesis of reaginic-type antibodies. If A. lebbeck is given during the first week of sensitization it markedly inhibits the early sensitizing processes, while if given during the second week it suppresses antibody production during the period of drug administration. The active ingredients of the bark appear to be heat-stable and water-soluble.
Article
Hot water infusions of flowers, leaves, roots, seeds and stalks or bark of Moringa oleifera were screened to detect three pharmacologic activities in experimental models in rats. The antispasmodic activity was demonstrated using isolated duodenum, oral anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced hindpaw edema and oral diuretic activity by urine output in metabolic cages. The seed infusion showed a significant inhibition of acetylcholine-induced contraction with an ED50 of 65.6 mg/ml bath concentration, inhibition of carrageenan-induced edema at 1000 mg/kg and diuretic activity at 1000 mg/kg. Some activity was also demonstrated in the roots. All doses expressed here are as equivalents of dried starting plant material.
Article
The antimicrobial activities of Moringa oleifera leaves, roots, bark and seeds were investigated in vitro against bacteria, yeast, dermatophytes and helminths pathogenic to man. By a disk-diffusion method, it was demonstrated that the fresh leaf juice and aqueous extracts from the seeds inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and that extraction temperatures above 56 degrees C inhibited this activity. No activity was demonstrated against four other pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans. By a dilution method, no activity was demonstrated against six pathogenic dermatophytes. A method was standardized for studying the effect of aqueous extracts on Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, but no activity was exhibited by any part of the tree in contrast to Chenopodium ambrosioides leaf extracts.
Article
Forskolin, a diterpene compound isolated from the roots of Coleus forskohlii, activates adenylate cyclase in membranes from a variety of mammalian tissues. We found that forskolin (10(-7) to 3 X 10(-5) M) caused a concentration-related inhibition of IgE-mediated release of histamine and peptide leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from human basophils and lung mast cells. There was a significant linear correlation between the per cent inhibition of histamine and LTC4 release from both cell types. However, in both systems forskolin exerted a significantly greater inhibitory effect on LTC4 release than on histamine release. The concentration-response inhibition curve was paralleled by a forskolin-induced rise in cAMP levels in human leukocyte and mast cell preparations. The relationship between the effect of forskolin and the cAMP concentration was supported by the finding that forskolin inhibited the "first stage" of antigen-induced histamine release, but not the release caused by the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187. Propranolol, a competitive beta-receptor antagonist, did not block the inhibition of mediator release or the cAMP accumulation caused by forskolin. These data suggest that forskolin modulates the release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions via the activation of adenylate cyclase in human basophils and mast cells.
Article
The effect of inhalation of fenoterol, a beta 2-agonist, on plasma potassium was studied in four groups of four healthy young subjects. Group I received 3 times 2 puffs (0.2 mg fenoterol/puff), group II 3 times 3 puffs, and group III 3 times 4 puffs. Group IV received 3 times 4 puffs of a placebo, according to the group III schedule. The puffs were given at 30-min intervals. Plasma potassium levels decreased significantly in subjects who received fenoterol: the decrease was 0.4 +/- 0.3 (SD) mmol/l in group I, 0.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/l in group II and 0.9 +/- 0.1 mmol/l in group III. In the placebo group plasma potassium levels were unchanged. Inhalation of beta 2-agonists may be dangerous, especially in patients under stress--eg, during an acute asthmatic attack, when the plasma potassium concentration would already be subnormal as the result of raised circulating adrenaline levels.
Article
Article
The early (immediate) allergic asthmatic response does not account for the clinical features of perennial asthma. However, the late response--now thought to be due to allergen-IgE reaction-and the increase in non-allergic bronchial reactivity that is seen in allergen-sensitive asthmatics and that follows the late response do suggest an explanation. If the increased non-allergic bronchial reactivity somehow enhances bronchial responsiveness to allergen there would, in perennial allergic asthma, be a vicious circle. It will not be easy to test, in the laboratory or clinically, the validity of this hypothesis, but there are important implications for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.
Article
Eleven patients with intrinsic asthma and aspirin sensitivity were challenged with intravenous hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Solu-Cortef; the Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich.). Three patients showed definite evidence of bronchospasm, which was easily reversed by subcutaneous administration of epinephrine. Evidence is presented which suggests that this reaction was not caused by other constituents of the preparation but rather was caused by Solu-Cortef alone. No atopy was demonstrated in the group as a whole, and the reaction observed was probably nonallergic in nature. We suggest the replacement of intravenous hydrocortisone sodium succinate with dexamethasone in the treatment of such a population.
Article
The mechanism of action of theophylline in the treatment of asthma is not yet fully understood. Theophylline appears to be beneficial in some patients with steroid-dependent or nocturnal asthma. It is recommended as an alternative or additional treatment for patients with chronic mild, moderate or severe disease that does not respond to first- or second-line therapy with beta 2 agonists and anti-inflammatory medications such as cromolyn sodium, nedocromil (in children 12 years of age or older) or inhaled corticosteroids. However, theophylline therapy may cause bothersome side effects, including gastrointestinal distress, anxiety, insomnia and headache. These side effects can be minimized by beginning therapy with a low dosage and increasing the dosage slowly, until a therapeutic blood level is reached. Toxicity is more likely if the blood level exceeds 20 micrograms per mL. Prolonged fever puts patients at especially high risk for toxicity. Appropriate patient selection, careful dosing and regular monitoring are crucial elements of safe theophylline therapy.
Article
Theophylline and its derivatives have been used in the treatment of asthma for over 50 years, but since the advent of more potent bronchodilators their use has become cloaked in controversy. Their continued existence results from their undoubted usefulness in severe acute asthma, nocturnal asthma, childhood asthma and moderate to severe chronic airflow limitation, and because of habitual use by physicians in other situations. The precise mechanism of action of theophylline remains uncertain. The role of phosphodiesterase inhibition and adenosine antagonism has been reviewed and the clinical significance of the anti-inflammatory action of theophylline discussed. Theophylline has unpredictable metabolism when first administered, and continued monitoring of drug concentrations is essential. Commonly encountered adverse effects may occur at therapeutic serum concentrations, frequently necessitating drug withdrawal. The overlapping therapeutic and toxic theophylline serum ranges can lead to life-threatening adverse effects at the upper end of the therapeutic range, especially in the elderly in whom special precaution is required.
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