Article

Urban Heat Island and Its Influence on Atmospheric Boundary Layer Temperature Field

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Abstract

The effect of megacity on atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) temperature is a well known phenomenon called "Urban Heat Island" revealed in increasing temperature over megacity relative to its suburb. Until recently the only way to investigate and gather the data about its vertical distribution was to observe temperature on the meteorological, TV towers and by radiosonde. The available information appears to be irregular in time and space. The situation has changed in recent years since the advent of temperature profiler based on microwave radiometer, which can produce the vertical distribution of ABL temperature up to 600 meters ASL with 5 minute sampling period. The station in the center of Moscow megacity and 2 observation sites near Moscow (20 km and 50 km away from city center) were equipped by MTP-5 radiometer in order to get quantitative estimations of the Heat Island Effect on ABL temperature field. Three sites were selected in order to look at transition from megacity to suburb. The main aim was not to get the climatological averages but to get the differences between Heat Island and its background (suburb). The period of observation was from beginning of 2000 till the middle of 2004. The ABL temperature model was developed separately for each station in the multiplicative manner as the product of seasonal and diurnal variations of ABL temperature in order to obtain the differences between Urban Heat Island and suburb ABL temperatures. As the result of data analysis, the amplitudes and phases of seasonal and diurnal harmonics, average annual noon temperature value, average temperature gradients and daily altitude-time crossection of ABL temperature were obtained. The analysis performed in this work has given us a better insight into the mechanism of Urban Heat Island influence on ABL temperature field with quantitative estimations of such influence.

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