No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Remote location of the effects of SHF radiation on the stratosphere via radiation of atomic hydrogen at 1420 MHz
Abstract
The new diagnostic method of the influence of SHF (superhigh frequency) radiation on the atmosphere at heights 20 - 30 km is considered. By the example of AIR (artificial ionization region) make by the focused nanosecond SHF pulses the process of atomic hydrogen generation is considered. The atomic hydrogen radiation at frequency of 1420 MHz is used as a marker of SHF radiation. It is determined that, thickness of the ozonosphere in the focus area changes under a variation of the electromagnetic waves intensity which sent from ground sources. Recombination rates of gases (in particular NO), influencing on the ozone concentration in the stratosphere are estimated. Computer modeling an interacting of electrons with the atmospheric components into the plasma generated by SHF is carried out and radiant power of atomic hydrogen from area adjoining to AIR is determined. It is shown that, the combination of the received information allow to localize AIR and to estimate a level of affecting SHF radiation. For more reliable detection of AIR in real time and at large distances the integrated approach using both active (lidar) and passive methods of remote sensing are needed.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
A set of physical and chemical processes occurring in a microwave stratospheric discharge of nanosecond duration is discussed in connection with the effect they may have locally on the ozone layer in the artificially ionized region (AIR) in the stratosphere. The AIR, to be created at altitudes of 18 – 20 km by the microwave breakdown of air with ground-produced powerful electromagnetic wave beams, is planned for use in the natural physical experiment aimed at active monitoring of the ozone layer (its internal state and a set of plasma-chemical and photochemical processes) by controllably generating a considerable amount of ozone in the stratosphere. Results of relevant theoretical studies are presented, as are those of a large series of laboratory experiments performed under conditions similar to those prevailing in the stratosphere. Discharge regimes securing the efficient growth of ozone concentration are identified and studied in detail. It is demonstrated that such a stratospheric ozonizer is about as efficient as the best ground-based ozonizers used at present. For typical stratospheric conditions (low pressures and temperatures T ~ 200 – 220 K), it is shown that the intense generation of ozone in a microwave breakdown effected by groups of short nanosecond pulses does not virtually increase the density of nitrogen oxides — gases that play a vital role in catalytic ozone-decomposing reactions. The possibility of effectively producing ozone in prebreakdown electric fields is established experimentally. It is demonstrated that due to its long lifetime, ozone produced locally at altitudes of 18 – 20 km may spread widely under the action of winds and turbulent diffusion, thus leading to an additional — artificial — ozonization of the stratosphere.
The NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program organized a Stratospheric Ozone Intercomparison Campaign (STOIC) held in July-August 1989. The primary instruments participating in this campaign were the JPL ozone lidar at TMF, the Goddard Space Flight Center trailer-mounted ozone lidar which was moved to TMF for this comparison, and the Millitech/LaRC microwave radiometer. To assess the performance of these new instruments, a validation/intercomparison campaign was undertaken using established techniques: balloon ozonesondes launched by personnel from the Wallops Flight Facility and from NOAA Geophysical Monitoring for Climate Change (GMCC) (now Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory), a NOAA GMCC Dobson spectrophotometer, and a Brewer spectrometer from the Atmospheric Environment Service of Canada, both being used for column as well as Umkehr profile retrievals. -from Authors
Recent determinations of O2 absorption cross sections in the Herzberg continuum, obtained from in situ solar irradiance measurements, have shown that the corresponding laboratory values might be overestimated by 30 to 50 percent. The change in the stratospheric composition due to such a reduction in these cross sections has been calculated by means of a steady state one dimensional chemical model. An accurate determination of the O2 absorption spectrum in the 200-220 nm range is required since the distribution of several trace species is very sensitive to the atmospheric transmissivity in this wavelength region.
The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center`s Stratospheric Ozone Lidar Trailer Experiment participated in the Stratospheric Ozone Intercomparison Campaign (STOIC) at Table Mountain, California, from July 20 to August 2, 1989. From 20 to 39 km the average Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) profile agreed with the STOIC reference profile to better than 5%. The STOIC reference profile was generated by averaging all profiles from the eight participating instruments. In this same altitude region the GSFC and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory lidar average profiles also agreed to better than 5%. Similar results were found for an intercomparison of the lidar data with ozone data from EC sondes launched from Table Mountain and from San Nicholas Island. The results of the intercomparison have led to a number of modifications to the GSFC lidar which have greatly improved the reliability of the ozone data, particularly at altitudes below 20 km and above 40 km. 10 refs., 9 figs.
A new method for sensing atmospheric radioactive contamination is proposed based on passive remote detection and analysis of the microwave radiation of atomic hydrogen produced by dissociation of atmospheric components interacting with radioactive elements. The method is experimentally justified. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 16: 255–260, 1997.
A mathematical model of the artificial ionized region created in the atmosphere in the intersection zone of two beams of powerful coherent TE microwaves is presented. The model is based on the solution of the nonstationary system of Maxwell equations and kinetic Boltzmann equation for electrons, as well as on a vast ramified kinetic scheme of plasma chemical processes in humid air. In the framework of such a model, it is possible to calculate, in a correct and self-consistent way, the electrodynamic and kinetic characteristics of the artificial ionized regions (AIR) created in air at various altitudes. The calculations conducted for the stratosphere had revealed the possibility of realization at great altitudes (~55 km) of the regimes of the AIR prolonged maintenance that simultaneously have the following advantages: they require the minimum energy expenditures, ensure good radio-reflecting properties of the plasma structure and do not lead even to local degradation of the ozone layer. Modeling of the kinetic and photochemical processes proceeding at the postdischarge stage had shown that the destructive action of the NOx molecules produced in the discharge on the stratospheric ozone is substantially limited by their diffusive transport beyond the AIR boundaries. Production of excess active hydrogen radicals HOx in the discharge does not exert any essential influence on ozone due to fast proceeding of the reactions of their mutual binding.