No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Fundamentals of Physics, Volume 2 (Chapters 21- 44)
Abstract
Part 3. Chapter 21. Electric Charge. Chapter 22. Electric Fields. Chapter 23. Gauss' Law. Chapter 24. Electric Potential. Chapter 25. Capacitance. Chapter 26. Current and Resistance. Chapter 27. Circuits. Chapter 28. Magnetic Fields. Chapter 29. Magnetic Fields Due to Currents. Chapter 30. Induction and Inductance. Chapter 31. Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current. Chapter 32. Maxwell's Equations; Magnetism of Matter. Part 4. Chapter 33. Electromagnetic Waves. Chapter 34. Images. Chapter 35. Interference. Chapter 36. Diffraction. Chapter 37. Relativity. Part 5. Chapter 38. Photons and Matter Waves. Chapter 39. More About Matter Waves. Chapter 40. All About Atoms. Chapter 41. Conduction of Electricity in Solids. Chapter 42. Nuclear Physics. Chapter 43. Energy from the Nucleus. Chapter 44. Quarks, Leptons, and the Big Bang. Appendices. Answers to Checkpoints and Odd-Numbered Questions and Problems. Index.
... Standing waves are always associated with resonance and they can be identified by increase in amplitude of the resultant vibrations. [25]. on the outer curvature of the isthmus, pressure drop in the end systole is in phase with the reflected systolic pulse and amplitude of the retrograde directed pulse pressure, have dramatic increases. ...
... At the isthmus, flow stagnation (zero flow velocity) specifies to the whole magnetic resonance image slice, comes closely to the vessel wall. Angle of incident is low and energy transferred to the wall is increased [25]. It is known that if the observation or process characteristic time is lower than that the material relaxation time (Deborah number De>1), a solid-like response is observed, and if it is greater, (De<1) -a liquid-like behavior is observed. ...
... Current density (j) is the amount of charge per unit time that flows through a unit area of a chosen cross section [171]. The production rate of the BES reactor is tightly connected to the current density, i.e. low current density prevents scaling-up due to the insufficient current density caused by low conductivity [51,77]. ...
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have great potential in renewable energy production technologies. BES can generate electricity via Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) or use the electric current for the synthesis of valuable commodities in Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs). The number of various reactor configurations and operational protocols increasing rapidly although, the industrial scale operation is still facing difficulties. This article reviews the recent BES related to literature, with special attention to electrosynthesis and the most promising reactor configurations. We also attempted to clarify the numerous definitions proposed for BESs. The main components of BES are highlighted. Although the comparison of the various fermentation systems is we collected useful and generally applicable operational parameters to be used for comparative studies. A brief overview to link the appropriate microbes to the optimal reactor design is given.
... Where μ 0 is the vacuum permeability; I 0 is the effective current flowing through a single coil, the unit is A; R is the effective radius of the coil, the unit is m; x is the coordinate of the distance from the center of the coil on the central axis, the unit is m. Therefore, the magnetic field at the Helmholtz coil midpoint is [8]: 22 0 0 0 0 33 22 22 22 7 0 3 2 22 22 32 10 5 I R N I R N B RR RR ...
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have great potential in renewable energy production technologies. BES can generate electricity via Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) or use electric current to synthesize valuable commodities in Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs). Various reactor configurations and operational protocols are increasing rapidly, although industrial-scale operation still faces difficulties. This article reviews the recent BES related to literature, with special attention to electrosynthesis and the most promising reactor configurations. We also attempted to clarify the numerous definitions proposed for BESs. The main components of BES are highlighted. Although the comparison of the various fermentation systems is, we collected useful and generally applicable operational parameters to be used for comparative studies. A brief overview links the appropriate microbes to the optimal reactor design.
The aim of the present study was to determine mathematical relationships between pH changes in beef 24 h post-slaughter and changes in the intensity of electrical current flowing through bull and heifer carcasses during high-voltage electrical stimulation. The electrical stimulation was applied 40 min postmortem for 120 s. The pH values of m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum were analyzed in the function of electrical current intensity changes and its change during electrical stimulation. Mathematical linear correlations of the y = ax ± b type were demonstrated between pH values at 2, 6, and 24 h postmortem and the initial (Ii) and ultimate (Iu) electrical current intensity values, the difference between them and the initial pH values determined before electrical stimulation. High multiple correlation coefficients (R² = 0.416, α ≤ 0.001) between Iu and pH values 24 h post-slaughter enabled concluding that there is a possibility to predict a pH value of stimulated carcass with high accuracy, and thus also beef quality, based merely on the ultimate electrical current intensity values.
A sub-60-μA multimodal analog front-end and ultralow energy biosensing CMOS SoC is presented. A 35-μA photoplethysmography (PPG) signal chain that consumes five times lower power than state of the art has been demonstrated. An SNR of >80 dBFS was achieved using circuit and system techniques that enable sub-1% analog duty cycling. Input signal-aware, on-the-fly, real-time data path adaptation algorithms implemented on an external microcontroller and synchronized by an ultralow power on-chip FSM along with a 1.3-μW, 14-b, 1-kSPS SAR ADC further lower system energy. A programmable, asynchronous reset capacitive amplifier (PARCA) with noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 4.8 and dx/dt analog feature extractor demonstrates energy efficient electrocardiogram (ECG) capture. A wearable platform using this SoC that simultaneously captures ECG plus PPG and wirelessly transmits the heart rate using Bluetooth low energy every 2 s to a smartphone lasts for greater than five days from a 250-mAhr battery.
Kinematicmodels are often very useful. The back and forth throw of a ball between two ice skaters may help us appreciate the meson exchange theory of Yukawa. If the skaters throw the balls at each other, they move backward, which is equivalent to a repulsive force between them. On the other hand, if they snatch the ball from each other, the result will be akin to an equivalent attractive force between them. Such illustrative models may help us understand advanced concepts.
Strict requirements on the quality of industrial plant operation together with environmental limits and the pursuit of decreasing energy consumption bring more complexity in automation systems. Simulations and models of industrial processes can be utilized in all the phases of an automation system’s life cycle and they can be used for process design as well as for optimal plant operation. Present methods of design and integration of simulations tasks are inefficient and error-prone because almost all pieces of information and knowledge are handled manually. In this chapter, we describe a simulation framework where all configurations, simulation tasks, and scenarios are obtained from a common knowledge base. The knowledge base is implemented utilizing an ontology for defining a data model to represent real-world concepts, different engineering knowledge as well as descriptions and relations to other domains. Ontologies allow the capturing of structural changes in simulations and evolving simulation scenarios more easily than using standard relational databases. Natively ontologies are used to represent the knowledge shared between different projects and systems. The simulation framework provides tools for efficient integration of data and simulations by exploiting the advantages of formalized knowledge. Two processes utilizing Semantic Web technologies within the simulation framework are presented at the end of this chapter.
A system of two magnets hung from two vertical springs and oscillating in the hollows of a pair of coils connected in series is a new, interesting and useful example of coupled oscillators. The electromagnetically coupled oscillations of these oscillators are experimentally and theoretically studied. Its coupling is electromagnetic instead of mechanical, and easily adjustable by the experimenter. The coupling of this new coupled oscillator system is determined by the currents that the magnets induce in two coils connected in series, one to each magnet. It is an interesting case of mechanical oscillators with field-driven coupling, instead of mechanical coupling. Moreover, it is both a coupled and a damped oscillating system that lends itself to a detailed study and presentation of many properties and phenomena of such a system of oscillators. A set of experiments that validates the theoretical model of the oscillators is presented and discussed. Bibtex entry for this abstract Preferred format for this abstract (see Preferences) Find Similar Abstracts: Use: Authors Title Abstract Text Return: Query Results Return items starting with number Query Form Database: Astronomy Physics arXiv e-prints
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.