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Study on Application of Environmental Value in Expressway Construction Project Scheme Choosing
Abstract
The serious negative impacts on local ecosystem alongside caused by expressway construction activities were analyzed. Based on theory of ecosystem services value and CBA(cost benefit analysis), the influence on and the damage to the ecosystem alongside by expressways construction are discussed and calculated in currency. Combined with comprehensive consideration of engineering cost, a scheme of minimum total cost was searched out through mathematical model to obtain the optimal scheme. The real purpose is to offer explicit economic information to management decision making during expressway construction, and make people realize that economic benefit brought by expressway construction have to be paid out by immense environmental cost and social cost. Which can help decision maker consider environmental cost and select right route.
... Hence, expressways can be identified as an integral part of modern connectivity networks as they help to save time when compared to other general road networks (Chang and Qisen, 2009). Hailong et al. (2011) state that when constructing expressways, there can be greater environmental impacts in comparison to the construction of other road networks. This is due to expressways requiring lands with greater spans. ...
... Therefore, expressway construction and maintenance processes must be taken into account in terms of energy and material consumption as well as emissions towards the environment (Hoang, 2005). To reduce the negative impacts of expressway construction and their maintenance -while standardizing the quality of the output -it is important to incorporate an assessment framework to evaluate the environmental friendliness of expressways (Hoang, 2005;Hailong et al., 2011;Juanjuan and Yurong, 2013). ...
... Furthermore, expressways are considered an important branch of infrastructures (Huang and Yeh, 2008). An expressway is a road network especially planned for high-speed traffic, with few intersections, limited access or exit points and a divider between lanes for traffic moving in two directions (Hailong et al., 2011). Hailong et al. (2011) identify expressway construction as massive linear engineering developments that occupy many lands. ...
Purpose
Infrastructure projects play a significant role in community development. Infrastructure consists of many subcategories such as roads, bridges, railways, airports, communication infrastructure and harbors. The expressway is an essential part of modern transportation infrastructure. Due to its span and complexity, expressway construction results in several environmental impacts comparatively higher than typical road construction. In that event, environmental sustainability assessment in expressway construction and determining environmental measures to address those impacts is essential. Therefore, this research intends to investigate the environmental measures applicable to expressway projects in Sri Lanka.
Design/methodology/approach
This study involves a comparative analysis of different environmental impacts validated through expert interviews. The data required to perform the analysis were extracted through expert interviews and the Battelle method.
Findings
The findings revealed the importance of environmental indicators for expressway projects in Sri Lanka by assigning weightages. The Construction Phase received the highest weightage among three themes indicating that the construction phase causes greater environmental impact in expressway construction. Furthermore, the Site Maintenance Plan and Tree Compensating received the highest weightages under indicators.
Originality/value
The study makes an original contribution through the identification of indicators that lead to the improvement of environmental sustainability in expressway projects in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, the use of the Battelle method within the context of measuring environmental sustainability of expressways projects in general — and within the context of Sri Lanka — is a novel research approach.
The services of ecological systems and the natural capital stocksthat produce them are critical to the functioning of the
Earth’s life-support system. They contribute to human welfare, both directly and indirectly, and therefore represent
part of the total economic value of the planet.We have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services
for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations. For the entire biosphere, the value (most of
which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US33trillion per year. Because of the nature of the uncertainties, thismust be considered a minimum estimate. Global
gross national product total is around US$18 trillion per year.
The services of ecological systems and the natural capital stocks that produce them are critical to the functioning of the Earth's life-support system. They contribute to human welfare, both directly and indirectly, and therefore represent part of the total economic value of the planet. We have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 18 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations. For the entire biosphere, the value (most of which in outside the market) in estimated to be in the range of US33 trillion per year. Because of the nature of the uncertainties, thin must be considered a minimum estimate. Global gross national product total is around US$18 trillion per year.
In view of an extensive road system, abundant and rapidly growing vehicular traffic, and a scattered literature indicating that some ecological effects of roads extend outward for >100 m, it seems likely that the cumulative ecological effect of the road system in the United States is considerable. Two recent studies in The Netherlands and Massachusetts ( U.S.A.) evaluated several ecological effects of roads, including traffic noise effects, and provide quantitative evidence for a definable “road-effect zone.” Based on the approximate width of this asymmetric convoluted zone, I estimate that about one-fifth of the U.S. land area is directly affected ecologically by the system of public roads. I identify a series of assumptions and variables suggesting that over time this preliminary estimate is more likely to rise than drop. Several transportation planning and policy recommendations, ranging from perforating the road barrier for wildlife crossings to closing certain roads, offer promise for reducing this enormous ecological effect.
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