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A check-list of polychaete species (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Black Sea

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Polychaetes from the Black Sea were reviewed based on the available literature. Lists of the valid species, re-assigned species and dubious species (nomen dubium or indeterminable species) reported from the region are provided. The checklist comprises 238 valid species belonging to 45 families. Twenty three species belonging to 8 families were considered as nomen dubium or indeterminable. Fifty-one species reported from the Black Sea between 1868 and 2011 have been synonymised with other species. Among the Black Sea countries, the coast of Bulgaria is represented by the highest number of polychaete species (192 species), followed by the coasts of Ukrania (161 species) and Romania (115 species). The highest number of species (119 species) were found on sandy substratum, the lowest number of species (7 species) on sponges. Nine alien polychaete species (Hesionides arenaria, Streptosyllis varians, Glycera capitata, Nephtys ciliata, Polydora cornuta, Prionospio pulchra, Streblospio gynobranchiata, Capitellethus dispar and Ficopomatus enigmaticus) were reported from the Black Sea up to now. The most speciose families in the area were Syllidae (32 species), Spionidae (31 species), Phyllodocidae (16 species) and Nereididae (15 species). By presenting a complete overview of the species reported from the area, this work summarises our current knowledge about the diversity of the Black Sea polychaetes and provides a database for future studies.
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10
J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment
Vol. 18, No.1: 10-48 (2012)
REVIEW ARTICLE
A check-list of polychaete species (Annelida: Polychaeta)
from the Black Sea
Güley Kurt Şahin
1
*, Melih Ertan Çınar
2
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sinop University, 57000, Sinop,
TURKEY
2
Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Ege University, 35100, Bornova-
Izmir, TURKEY
*Corresponding author: gkurtsahin@sinop.edu.tr
Abstract
Polychaetes from the Black Sea were reviewed based on the available literature. Lists of
the valid species, re-assigned species and dubious species (nomen dubium or
indeterminable species) reported from the region are provided. The checklist comprises
238 valid species belonging to 45 families. Twenty three species belonging to 8 families
were considered as nomen dubium or indeterminable. Fifty-one species reported from the
Black Sea between 1868 and 2011 have been synonymised with other species. Among
the Black Sea countries, the coast of Bulgaria is represented by the highest number of
polychaete species (192 species), followed by the coasts of Ukrania (161 species) and
Romania (115 species). The highest number of species (119 species) were found on
sandy substratum, the lowest number of species (7 species) on sponges. Nine alien
polychaete species (Hesionides arenaria, Streptosyllis varians, Glycera capitata, Nephtys
ciliata, Polydora cornuta, Prionospio pulchra, Streblospio gynobranchiata,
Capitellethus dispar and Ficopomatus enigmaticus) were reported from the Black Sea up
to now. The most speciose families in the area were Syllidae (32 species), Spionidae (31
species), Phyllodocidae (16 species) and Nereididae (15 species). By presenting a
complete overview of the species reported from the area, this work summarises our
current knowledge about the diversity of the Black Sea polychaetes and provides a
database for future studies.
Keywords: Polychaeta, annelida, check-list, Black Sea
Introduction
The Black Sea is one of the largest enclosed seas in the world, covering an area
of about 4.2 x 105 km
2
; the maximum depth of the sea is 2212 m and the total
volume of water of 534.000 km
3
. Most of this water (423.000 km
3
that lies
below a depth of 150200 m) is anoxic and contaminated with hydrogen
sulphide. The Black Sea drainage basin covers more than 2 million km
2
and
11
more than 160 million people live in this area. The total length of the Black Sea
coastline is over 4400 km. Six countries (Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine,
Russian Federation and Georgia) border the Black Sea. The large variety of
geomorphologic types of these coasts corresponds to different geological
environments surrounding the Black Sea (Panin 2005).
The scientific researches concerning polychaetes in the Black Sea were started
during the late 1800s. The first detailed studies on polychaetes in the Black Sea
were made by Bobretzky (1868, 1870, 1871, 1881) and Czerniavsky (1880,
1881, 1882). Bobretzky performed his studies in the Gulf of Sevastopol and
Czerniavsky focused on polychaetes distributed along the coasts of Yalta and
Sukhumi.
The polychaete species living along the Turkish coast of the Black Sea were
reported in a few papers (Pinar 1974; Bat et al. 2000; Çinar and Gönlügür-
Demirci 2005; ırbaş et al. 2008; Gökkurt et al. 2008; Gözler et al. 2009,
2010; Dagli and Cinar 2011). Polychaetes inhabiting the Prebosphoric region of
the Black Sea were studied by Jakubova (1948), Marinov (1959b, 1964),
Caspers (1968), Dumitrescu (1960, 1962), Rullier (1963), Gillet and Ünsal
(2000) and Uysal et al. (2002).
Polychaetes living along the coasts of Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine were
relatively well studied. The Bulgarian polychaeta fauna were analysed by
Marinov (1957a, 1957b, 1959a, 1959b, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1966a, 1966b, 1977),
Kaneva-Abadjieva and Marinov (1966, 1977), Marinov and Kaneva-Abadzieva
(1982), Marinov and Stojkov (1990), Stoykov and Ouzounova (1998), Todorova
and Konsulova (2000), Stoykov and Uzunova (2001) and Uzunova (2010). The
Romanian polychaetes were studied by Dumitrescu (1957, 1962, 1963, 1973),
Dumitrescu and Marcus (1967), Pitis and Lacatusu, (1971), Adriescu (1977),
Băcescu (1977), Gutu and Marinescu (1979), Manoleli (1967, 1969, 1973,
1980), Gomoiu (1982), Gomoiu et al. (2004), Ţigănuş (1972, 1975, 1986,
1988), Surugiu and Manoleli (19981999), Surugiu (2000, 2003, 2005, 2005,
2009), Surugiu and Novac (2007), Paraschiv et al. (2001, 2007), Teacă et al.
(2006), Begun et al. (2006, 2010), Vorobyova and Bondarenko (2009) and
Wenzhöfer et al. (2002). The polychaete fauna from the Ukranian coasts were
encountered by a number of researchers [e.g. Jakubova (1930, 1935), Arnoldi
(1941), Vinogradov (1949), Vinogradov and Losovskaya (1963), Vinogradov et
al. (1967), Kisseleva (1981, 1988, 1992a, 1992b, 2004), Moroz (1985),
Makkaveeva et al. (1993), Losovskaya and Sinegub (2002), Losovskaya and
Nesterova (1964), Losovskaya et al. (2004), Losovskaya (2008), Grintsov and
Murina, 2002, Grintsov et al. (2005, 2008), Alexandrov et al. (2007),
Boltacheva et al. (1999, 2006), Revkov et al. (2002), Mazlumyan et al. (2004),
Boltacheva and Lisitskaya (2007), Boltacheva (2008) and Lisitskaya et al.
(2010)].
12
The aims of this study is to summarise the available information about the
polychaete diversity in the Black Sea and to prepare a database for the Black
Sea polychaetes.
Materials and Methods
The checklist for the polychaete species reported from the Black Sea was made
following an exhaustive bibliographic review and analysis of the published
articles. For the checklist, species names recorded in publications concerning
the Black Sea were compiled, checked for their validity and synonyms made
evident. The valid species, dubious species (considered as nomen dubium or
indeterminable) and synonymised species are given in the different tables
(Tables 1, 2, 3). The polychaeta diversity in the Black Sea were examined
according to the countries (including Prebosphoric region): Turkey, Bulgaria,
Romania, Ukraine, Russia and Georgia. In each country, all reports of the
species are given as numbers in Table 1 that are indicated in the reference
section. When available, ecological data in the papers are also evaluated. All
calculations are based on the valid species.
Result and Discussion
Polychaete Diversity
As a result of the compilations of papers on polychaetes reported from the Black
Sea between 1868 and 2011, a total of 238 valid species belonging to 45
families were determined (Table 1).
Table 1. Check-list of polychaete species reported from the Black Sea and their reports
in countries (including Prebosphoric region). The species marked with an asterix are
alien species for the Black Sea (P= Prebosphoric region, T= Turkey, B= Bulgaria, Ro=
Romania, U= Ukraine, Ru= Russia, G= Georgia). Numbers correspond to references.
P
T
B
Ro
Ru
G
POLYNOIDAE
Harmothoe extenuata
(Grube, 1840)
-
-
74
27,31,71,
95
-
-
Harmothoe gilchristi
Day, 1960
-
25
-
-
-
-
13
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
Harmothoe imbricata
(Linnaeus, 1767)
-
-
46,52,71,
73,74,76,
92
27,94,95,
98,100,
113,114
15,18,
19,24,43,4
8,49,52,59
,71,79,81,
82,88,109,
111,
113
21,48,
52,53
-
Harmothoe impar
(Johnston, 1839)
28,48,
52
25
46,47,52,
65,67,71,
73,74,76,
91,92,113
11,27,28,
31,35,48,
71,61-63,
93-98,
100-103
15,18,24,
39-41,43,
48,52,59,
88,109-
113
21,48,
52,53,
80
-
Polynoe scolopendrina
Savigny, 1822
-
-
52,71,74
35,84,100
15,24,43,
52,71,109
-
-
SIGALIONIDAE
Sthenelais boa
(Johnston, 1833)
28,71
-
52,74
95
43,52,71,
109
52
-
PHOLOIDAE
Pholoe inornata
Johnston, 1839
28,71
25
46,52,71,
74
31,48,95,
100
19,24,40,
41,43,48-
50,52,71,
78,82,88,
109,110,
112
49,53,
54
-
Pholoe minuta
(Fabricius, 1780)
-
-
-
63
12,15
-
-
CHRYSOPETALIDAE
Vigtorniella zaikai
(Kiseleva, 1992)
-
-
113
-
51,52,82,
99,113
-
-
PISIONIDAE
Pisione remota
(Southern, 1914)
-
-
46,52,65,
70,71,74
28,31,71,
95
19,48,52,
71,108,
109
48,77
-
AMPHINOMIDAE
Chloeia venusta
Quatrefages, 1866
52,71,
89
-
74
-
-
-
-
PHYLLODOCIDAE
Eulalia clavigera
(Audouin & Milne
Edwards, 1833)
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
Eulalia viridis
(Linnaeus, 1767)
-
1
52,71, 74,
92, 107,
113
11,96, 98,
113
12,40,41,
43,48,52,
71,78,109-
112
52
-
Eumida sanguine
(Örsted, 1843)
52
-
46,47,52,
65,67,70,
71,73,74,
113,107
31,61,62,
95,101,
113
12,24,40,
43,52,71,
109,113
48,52,
53
24
14
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
Nereiphylla paretti
Blainville, 1828
-
-
74
27,71,93
52,71,109,
110
48,52
-
Nereiphylla pusilla
(Claparède, 1870)
-
-
74
-
43,52,71,
109-111
-
-
Nereiphylla rubiginosa
(Saint-Joseph, 1888)
28,52,
71
25
46,47,52,
65,67,71,
73-75,91,
92,107
9, 11,
27,30,31,
61-63,94,
95,97,98,
101,102
12,18,19,
40,43,48,
49,52,60,
71,78, 79,
109-111
21,48,
52,53
-
Hesionura coineaui
(Laubier, 1962)
-
-
46,52,71,
74
-
-
-
-
Hesionura coineaui
longissima Minichev, 1982
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
Mysta picta
(Quatrefages, 1865)
53
-
46,47,52,
65,67,70,
71,73-75,
91, 92
10,11,27,
30,31,61,
62,71,
95-98,
100,103
12,19,24,
40,43,48,
49,52,59,
71,81,88,
109-112
21,48,
52,53,
80
24
Pseudomystides limbata
(Saint-Joseph, 1888)
33,52
-
52,65,70,
71,74,107
-
43,52,71,
109
52
-
Phyllodoce laminosa
Savigny in Lamarck, 1818
-
-
74
11
24,52,71,
109
-
-
Phyllodoce lineata
(Claparède, 1870)
-
-
74
11,35,84,
100,112
15,18,24,
40,52,71,
109
21
-
Phyllodoce maculata
(Linnaeus, 1767)
-
-
52,74
11,27,30,
31,48,71,
95,102-104
39,48,52,
60,71,78,
82,88,109-
111
48,52,
53
-
Phyllodoce mucosa
Örsted, 1843
20,28,
33,48,
52,71,
89
-
46,48,52,
65,70,71,
74,76,91,
92,113
11,113
52,59, 88,
113
-
-
Pterocirrus limbatus
(Claparède, 1868)
-
-
74
10,11,100
52,71,109
-
-
Pterocirrus macroceros
(Grube, 1860)
-
-
46,47,52,
68,70,71,
74
28,31,61,
62,71,95,
96
24,43,52,
71,109
-
24
HESIONIDAE
Hesione splendida
Lamarck, 1818
106
-
-
-
-
-
-
*Hesionides arenaria
Friedrich, 1937
-
-
52,65,70,
71,74,92
-
4,52
77
-
Microphthalmus fragilis
Bobretzky, 1870
-
-
46,52,65,
70,71,74
95
13,19,24,
49,52,71,
78,109
77
-
Microphthalmus sczelkowii
Metschnikow, 1865
-
-
46,52,71,
72,74,113
29,30,71,
95
52,82
77
-
15
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
Microphthalmus similis
Bobretzky, 1870
-
-
46,52,65,
70,71,74
63,95
13,24,52,
71,109
77
-
PILARGIDAE
-
Sigambra tentaculata
(Treadwell, 1941)
-
-
48,74
-
4,48,52
21,48,
52,53
-
SYLLIDAE
Amblyosyllis formosa
(Claparède, 1863)
-
25
52,74
-
43,52,71,
109
-
-
Autolytus rubrovittatus
Claparède, 1864
-
-
74
-
52,71,109
-
-
Erinaceusyllis erinaceus
(Claparède, 1863)
-
-
-
-
52,78
52
-
Exogone naidina
Örsted, 1845
28,48,
52
25
46,47,52,6
5,68,70,71
74,113
9,30,31,62,
95,101,102
,113
13,15,19,
23,40,41,
43,48-50,
52,59,71,
78,88,109,
110,112,
113
48,52,
53,77
-
Haplosyllis spongicola
(Grube, 1855)
-
25
52,68,70,
71,74
-
13,15,39,
40,43,52,
71,109
-
-
Neopetitia amphophthalma
(Siewing, 1956)
-
-
52,74
-
-
-
-
Myrianida brachycephala
(Marenzeller, 1874)
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
Myrianida edwardsi
(Saint Joseph, 1887)
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
Myrianida prolifera
(O.F. Muller, 1788)
-
25
74
-
43,52,71,
109
-
-
Nudisyllis pulligera
(Krohn, 1852)
-
25
52,68,70,
71,74
-
19,23,52,
71,78,109
52
-
Proceraea aurantiaca
(Claparède, 1868)
-
-
74
-
52,71,109
-
-
Proceraea picta
Ehlers, 1864
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
Salvatoria clavata
(Claparède, 1863)
-
25
46,51,64,
66,70,73,
75,90,91
5,10,11,26
29-31, 34,
60, 61,70,
92-97, 99-
101
19,40,47,
48,51,59,
70,77,108
-
-
Salvatoria limbata
(Claparède, 1868)
-
25
47,52,65,
71,74,92,
107
35,84,100
41
-
-
Salvatoria tenuicirrata
(Claparède, 1864)
89
-
47,52,71,
74
10,35,84,
100
15,23,43,
52,71
-
-
16
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
Sphaerosyllis bulbosa
Southern, 1914
28,33,
52,89
-
46,52,68,
70,71,74,
76,113
10,11,35,
58,71,85,
95,100-
102,113
19,39,48-
50,52,71,
78,88,109,
112,113
48,52,
53,77
-
Sphaerosyllis hystrix
Claparède, 1863
52,71,
89
37
74
35,84
15,23,52,
71,88,109
48,53,
77
-
Streptosyllis bidentata
Southern, 1914
52
-
-
-
-
-
-
*Streptosyllis varians
Webster & Benedict, 1887
-
-
46,52,71,
72,74
-
-
-
-
Syllides fulvus (Marion &
Bobretzy, 1875)
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
Syllides longocirratus
(Örsted, 1845)
-
-
52,68,70,
71,74,113
29,31,71,
95,113
43,49,52,
71,109,
112,113
48,52,
77
-
Syllis cf. compacta
Gravier, 1900
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
Syllis gerlachi
(Hartmann-Schder, 1960)
-
25
-
-
-
-
Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840
-
25
46,52,65,
70,71,74
29,31,62,
71,85,94-
96,98,100
13,15,23,
37,39,40,
43,52,
71,109
-
-
Syllis hyalina Grube, 1863
-
-
46,52,71,
72,74
85,94,96,
98
13,15,23,
39-41,43,
48,60,71,
78, 88,109
48,52,
77
-
Syllis krohni Ehlers, 1864
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
Syllis monilaris
(Savigny, 1812)
-
-
-
-
23,71,109
-
-
Syllis prolifera
Krohn, 1852
-
25
46,47,52,
65,67,70,
71,74,92
-
13,15,23,
39-41,43,
52,71,109
-
-
Syllis variegata Grube,
1860
-
-
74
-
39-41,52,
71,109
-
-
Synmerosyllis lamelligera
(Saint Joseph, 1887)
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
Trypanosyllis zebra
(Grube, 1840)
89
25
74
63,95
23,39,40,
43,52,71,
109
-
-
Xenosyllides violacea
Perejaslavzeva in
Jakubova, 1930
-
-
74
-
43,52,71,
109
-
-
17
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
NEREIDIDAE
Alitta succinea
(Leuckart, 1847)
-
25,37
46,48,52,
65,67,70-
72,74,76,
91,92, 113
10,11,27,
30,31,35,
61,64,71,
81,93-98,
100,103,
104,113
39,41,43,
52,55,57,
59,71,79,
81,82, 90,
109-113
6,21,
52,80
-
Composetia costae
(Grube, 1840)
-
25
74
-
52
-
-
Eunereis longissima
Johnston, 1840
49,53,
72,90
-
52,74
-
18,48,52,
71,88,109
21,48,
53
-
Hediste diversicolor
(O. F. Muller, 1776)
8,89,
106
-
48,52,65,
70,71,73,
74,76,93,
107
5,9,11,27,
30,31,35,
48,61,64,
71,81,94,
95,102
2,15,43,52
59,71,81,
83,109-
111
52,80
-
Namanereis littoralis
(Grube, 1871)
-
-
-
95-97
-
-
-
Namanereis quadraticeps
Blanchard in Gay, 1849
-
-
72
-
-
-
-
Namanereis pontica
(Bobretzky, 1872)
-
-
52,71,74
85,100
15,43,52,
71,109-
111
-
-
Neanthes caudate
(Delle Chiaje, 1827)
-
37
-
-
-
-
-
Neanthes fucata
(Savigny in Lamarck,
1818)
52
-
74
-
-
-
-
Nereis pelagica
Linnaeus, 1758
-
25,36,
38
52,71,74
100
-
-
-
Nereis rava Ehlers, 1864
89
36,38
52,71,74,
92
10,85,100
-
21
-
Nereis zonata
Malmgren, 1867
-
1,25,
36-38
46-48,52,
65,67,71,
74
27,31,35,
61,62,71,
93-98,101
19,39-41,
43,48,49,
52,71,78,
88,109-
111
52,80
-
Perinereis cultrifera
(Grube, 1840)
106
25,1,
36-38
46,47,52,
65,67,71,
74
5,10,27,31
61,62,71,
94,95,100
19,39,43,
48,52,71,
78,88,
109-111
21,48,
52,80
-
Platynereis dumerilii
(Audouin & Milne
Edwards, 1834)
-
1,25,
36-38,
86
46,47,52,
65,67,71,
74,107
5,10,27,30
31,61,62,
71,93-97,
100,101
18,19,12,
39-41, 43,
48-50, 52,
59, 60, 71,
78,88,109,
112,113
21,52,
80
-
Websterinereis glauca
(Claparède, 1870)
53,72,
90
-
74
-
-
-
-
18
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
NEPHTYIDAE
Inermonephtys inermis
(Ehlers, 1887)
33
-
-
-
-
-
-
Micronephtys stammeri
(Augener, 1932)
-
-
46,52,70,
71,74,75
95
18,19,50,
52,78
52
-
Nephtys caeca
(Fabricius, 1780)
20,52,
71,89
-
74
-
-
-
-
*Nephtys ciliata
(O.F.ller, 1776)
52,71,
89
-
74
-
4
-
-
Nephtys cirrosa
(Ehlers, 1868)
48,52
-
46,52,65,
70,71,74-
76,91,92
29,30,35,
71,95,103
18,19,43,
48,50,52,
59,71, 78,
88,109-
111
48,52,
53
-
Nephtys hombergii
Savigny in Lamarck, 1818
20,27,
33,49,
52,71,
89
-
46,48,50,
52,65,70,
71,73,74,
76,91,92,
113
9,11,27,30
35,48,61,
71,95,102,
104,113,
114
2,7,15,
18,19,24,
43,48,52,
59,71,78,
79,81,83,
88,109,
113
21,48,
52,53,
80
-
Nephtys hystricis
McIntosh, 1900
20,52,
71,89,
106
-
74
-
-
-
-
Nephtys longosetosa
Örsted, 1842
52,71,
89
-
74
-
-
-
-
Nephtys paradoxa Malm,
1874
20,52,
71,89
-
74
-
-
-
-
SPHAERODORIDAE
Ephesiella abyssorum
(Hansen, 1878)
29,71
-
74
-
-
-
-
Sphaerodoridium
claparedeii (Greeff, 1866)
29,52,
71
-
74
-
52,71,108
-
-
Sphaerodorum gracilis
(Rathke, 1843)
29,52,
71
-
74
-
-
-
-
GLYCERIDAE
Glycera alba
(O. F. Muller, 1776)
89
-
48,52,65,
70,71,74,
92
29-31,95
13,23,52,
71,78,109
52,80
23
*Glycera capitata
Örsted, 1843
-
-
52,74
-
4,52
52
-
Glycera fallax
Quatrefages, 1850
-
-
52,68,70,
71,74
-
71
-
-
Glycera tesselata
Grube, 1840
-
-
52,74
-
48,52,71,
109
48
-
19
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
Glycera tridactyla
Schmarda, 1861
-
-
46,52,66,
70,71,74,
75,91,92
27,31,61,
71,95
7,18,19,
23,43,48,
50,52,71,
78, 81,88,
109-111
21,48,
52,53,
80
23
Glycera unicornis
Savigny in Lamarck, 1818
-
-
52,74
-
43,52,71,
109
-
-
GONIADIDAE
Goniadella bobretzkii
(Annenkova, 1929)
-
-
46,52,68,
70,71,74
-
52,71,78,
109
52
-
EUNICIDAE
Eunice vittata
(Delle Chiaje, 1829)
-
-
46,52,68,
71,74
-
15,18,43,
48,52,71,
88,109,
110
48,52,
80
-
Lysidice ninetta
Audouin & Milne Edwards,
1833
-
25
46,52,65,
70,71,74
-
7,12,19,39
-41,43,49,
52,71,109,
110
48,80,
82
-
Nematonereis unicornis
Schmarda, 1861
-
-
74
-
19,39,43,
49,52,71,
109
-
-
ARABELLIDAE
Drilonereis filum
(Claparède, 1868)
28,48,
52,68,
71
-
74
-
-
-
-
DORVILLEIDAE
Dorvillea rubrovittata
(Grube, 1855)
52
25
46,52,71,
74
-
40,43,48,
52,71,109
52,80
-
Protodorvillea kefersteini
(McIntosh, 1869)
-
-
46,48,52,
65,70,71,
74,91,92
29,71,95
19,43,48-
50,52,71,
78,109
52
-
Schistomeringos neglecta
(Fauvel, 1923)
52,68,
71
-
74
-
-
-
-
Schistomeringos rudolphii
(Delle Chiaje, 1828)
-
37
46,52,74,
91
-
19,43,48,
49,52,71,
109
21,48,
52,88
-
ORBINIIDAE
Naineris laevigata
(Grube, 1855)
-
-
74
-
19,43,52,
71,109
-
-
Orbinia cuvierii (Audouin
& Milne Edwards, 1833)
-
-
74
-
-
52
-
Orbinia latreillii (Audouin
& Milne Edwards, 1833)
-
-
46,52,68,
70,71,74
-
52,71,88,
110
21,52
-
Protoaricia capsulifera
(Bobretzky, 1870)
-
-
74
-
13,52,109
-
-
Protoaricia oerstedi
(Claparède, 1864)
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
20
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
SPIONIDAE
Aonides oxycephala
(Sars, 1862)
-
-
46, 74
11,35,63,
84,95
19,49,52,
71,88,109,
110
48,50,
52,53
-
Aonides paucibranchiata
Southern, 1914
52
-
52,65,70,
71,74,76,
91,92,113
11,29,35,
71,95,113
19,48,52,
71,78,82,
109,112,
113
48,52,
53
-
Dipolydora caulleryi
(Mesnil, 1897)
28,52,
71
-
74
-
-
-
-
Dipolydora quadrilobata
(Jacobi, 1883)
-
-
-
11
-
-
-
Laonice cirrata
(M. Sars, 1851)
52
-
74
10,100
52,71,109
-
-
Malacoceros ciliatus
(Keferstein, 1862)
52
-
52,70,71,
74,75,107
11,31
19,52,71,
109
-
-
Malacoceros fuliginosus
(Claparède, 1870)
89
37
74
-
23,43,49,
52,71,82,
109
-
23
Malacoceros girardi
(Quatrefages, 1843)
52,71,
89
-
74
-
-
-
-
Malacoceros tetraceros
(Schmarda, 1861)
-
-
-
95
-
-
-
Microspio mecznikowianus
(Claparède, 1869)
-
-
74
-
19,43,48,
49,52,71,
78,88,109-
111
48,52,
53
-
Polydora ciliata
(Johnston, 1838)
-
25
46,47,52,
65,67,68,
71,73, 74,
76,91, 92,
105,107
5,10,11,29
31,35,42,
61,62,64,
71,93-95,
97,100,
102,103
19,40,43,
48-50,52,
71,78,79,
82,109,
112
48,52,
53
-
*Polydora cornuta
Bosc, 1802
-
-
-
93-96, 98
4,17
-
-
Polydora limicola
Annekova, 1934
-
-
113
81,95,104,
113
55-59, 81,
113
-
-
Polydora websteri
Hartman in Loosanoff &
Engle, 1943
-
-
-
94-96
54
-
-
Prionospio caspersi
Laubier, 1962
-
-
52
-
52
52
-
Prionospio cirrifera Wirén,
1883
28,33,
71
25
46,48,52,
65,67,70,
71,74, 76,
91,92,113
11,30,31,
63,71,95,
98,100,
102,113
18,19,40,
43,48-50,
52,59, 71,
78,79,88,
109,110,
112,113
21,48,
52,53
-
21
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
Prionospio fallax
Söderström, 1920
-
-
46,48,52,
65,70,71,
74,75
30, 71
48,50,52,
71,78,109
48,52,
53
-
Prionospio multibranchiata
Berkeley, 1927
-
37
-
-
-
-
-
*Prionospio pulchra
Imajima, 1990
-
26
-
-
-
-
-
Prionospio steenstrupi
Malmgren, 1867
-
-
-
95
-
-
-
Pseudopolydora antennata
(Claparède, 1869)
28,52,
71
-
74,113
10,100,
113
112,113
-
-
Pygospio elegans
Claparède, 1863
89
-
48,52,65,
70,71,74,
76,113
10,11,27,
30,31,35,
61,62,71,
85,100,
114
19,48,49,
52,71,109-
112
48,52,
53
-
Scolelepis tridentata
(Southern, 1914)
33
-
52,65,70,
71,74,113
11,35,84,
100
19,48,50,
52,71,78,
82,109-
111
48,52,
53
-
Scolelepis cantabra
(Rioja, 1919)
-
-
74
27,30,61,
71,95
48,53,71
48
-
Scolelepis squamata
(O.F. Muller, 1806)
52
-
46,48,52,
65,70,71,
74,75
10,11,30,
35,61,71,
95,100
19,43,48-
50,52,71,
82,109
-
-
Spio decoratus
Bobretzky, 1870
33
25
-
95
13,23
-
23
Spio filicornis (Müller,
1776)
37
46,48,52,
65,70,71,
73-76,91,
92,107,
113
10,27,30,
31,48,64,
71,81,85,
94,97,100,
103,104,
113
19,48,50,
52,59,78,
81,82,88,
109-113
21,48,
52,53
Spio multioculata
(Rioja, 1918)
29,52,
71
-
74
11
-
-
-
Streblospio benedicti
Webster, 1879
-
-
-
95
-
-
-
*Streblospio
gynobranchiata
Rice & Levin, 1998
-
-
-
-
16
-
-
Streblospio shrubsolii
(Buchanan, 1890)
-
-
52,65,71,
73,74
64
81
52
-
MAGELONIDAE
Magelona mirabilis
(Johnston, 1865)
-
-
46,52,68,
69,70,71,
72,74,75
10,35,95
4,52
52
-
22
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
Magelona minuta
Eliason, 1962
-
-
-
95
-
-
-
Magelona rosea
Moore, 1907
48,52
46,52,68,
70,71,74
30,71
48,50,52,
71,78,82,
88,109,
110
21,48,
52,53
-
PARAONIDAE
Aricidea claudiae
Laubier, 1967
33,48,
52
-
48,52,74,
76,105,
113
11,64,95
19,48,50,
52,78,88
48,52
-
Aricidea cerrutii
Laubier, 1966
28,71
-
46,65,70,
71
27,28,71,
114
71,109,
110
21,53,
80
-
Cirrophorus
branchiatus Ehlers, 1908
-
-
92
-
-
-
-
Levinsenia gracilis
(Tauber, 1879)
28,52,
71
-
74
-
-
-
-
Paradoneis harpagonea
(Storch, 1967)
-
-
52,74,91
-
19,48,52,
78
48,52
-
Paradoneis lyra (Southern,
1914)
28,68,
71
-
-
-
-
-
-
Paraonides neapolitana
(Cerruti, 1909)
48,52
-
74
-
-
-
-
Paraonis fulgens
(Levinsen, 1884)
-
-
46,68,70,
71
11,35
71,108,
109
53
-
CIRRATULIDAE
Caulleriella bioculata
(Keferstein, 1862)
-
-
46,52,65,
70,71,74
-
52,71,109
53
-
Caulleriella caputesocis
(Saint-Joseph, 1894)
-
-
74
-
52,71,110
-
-
Chaetozone setosa
Malmgren, 1867
-
-
74
-
-
-
-
Cirriformia tentaculata
(Montagu, 1808)
48,52
-
52,74
-
19,43,48,
49,52,71,
109
-
-
Protocirrineris
chrysoderma
(Claparède, 1869)
89
-
-
-
-
-
-
Cirriformia filigera
(Delle Chiaje, 1828)
20,52,
89
-
-
-
12,13,23
-
-
Tharyx multibranchiis
(Grube, 1863)
-
-
-
-
71,109
-
-
Tharyx marioni
(Saint-Joseph, 1894)
52
-
52,74
-
52,78
52
-
CTENODRILIDAE
Ctenodrilus serratus
(Scmidt, 1857)
-
-
74
95
43,52,71,
109
-
-
23
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
FLABELLIGERIDAE
Flabelligera diplochaitus
(Otto, 1820)
106
-
-
-
-
-
-
OPHELIIDAE
Ophelia bicornis
Savigny in Lamarck, 1818
-
-
52,65,70,
71,74
95
43,48,52,
71,109,
110
-
-
Ophelia limacina
(Rathke, 1843)
-
-
46,52,68,
70,71,74
27,95
7,15,23,43
48,52,71,
78,109,
110
52
-
Polyophthalmus pictus
(Dujardin, 1839)
-
25,37
47,52,67,
68,71,74
-
23,41,43,
52,71,78,
109
52
23
CAPITELLIDAE
Capitella capitata capitata
(Fabricius, 1780)
33,52
25,37
46,48,52,
65,70,71,
74,92,107,
113
11,30,31,
35,61,71,
94-97,103,
113
19,43,48-
50,52,59,
60,71,78,
79,81,82,
88,109,
110,112,
113
23
-
Capitellides giardi
Mesnil, 1897
-
-
46,52,65,
67,70,71,
74-76,92
11,85
-
-
Capitomastus minima
(Langerhans, 1881)
71,89
-
46,48,52,
65,67,70,
71,74-76,
91,92,107
10,11,30,
31,48,61,
62,71, 93-
97,100,
101
18,19,40,
41,43,48,
49,52,59,
71,109,
110
21
-
*Capitellethus dispar
(Ehlers, 1907)
20,52,
71,89
-
74
-
-
-
-
Heteromastus filiformis
(Claparède, 1864)
28,48,
52,71,
89
-
46,48,52,
65,70,71,
74,76,91,
92,105,
107,113
11,30,31,
35,61,71,
94,95,97,
113
2,18,19,43
48,52,57,
59,71,78,
79,81,88,
109-113
21,48,
52,53
-
Notomastus latericeus
Sars, 1851
52,71,
89
-
52,74
-
-
-
-
Notomastus lineatus
(Claparède, 1869)
20,52,
89
-
74
11
43,52,71,
109
-
-
Notomastus profundus
(Eisig, 1887)
28,52,
71,89
-
52,65,71,
74,76,91,
92,113
11,30,95,
114
18,43,48,
52,71,79,
88,109-
111
48,52,
53
-
ARENICOLIDAE
Arenicola marina
(Linnaeus, 1758)
-
-
52,65,70,
71,73,74
27,71,95
43,52,71,
109-111
-
-
24
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
Arenicolides branchialis
(Audouin & Milne
Edwards, 1833)
-
-
46,52,74
95
7,23,43,52
71,109-
111
-
23
Arenicolides ecaudata
(Johnston, 1865)
-
-
-
27
-
-
-
MALDANIDAE
Euclymene collaris
(Claparède, 1869)
52,89
-
46,52,70,
71,74,76
11,35
15,23,39,
40,43,52,
71,109-
111
-
-
Euclymene oerstedi
(Claparède, 1863)
53,71,
89,106
-
74
-
-
-
-
Euclymene palermitana
(Grube, 1840)
28,48,
52,71,
89
-
74
-
-
48
-
Leiochone leiopygos
(Grube, 1860)
28,71
-
52,65,70,
71,74,76,
91,92,113
11,27,30,
71,95
43,48,52,
71,78,88,
109-111
-
-
Macroclymene
santandarensis
(Rioja, 1917)
52,71,
89
-
74
-
-
-
-
Maldane glebifex
Grube, 1860
28,48,
52,71
-
74
-
-
48
-
Micromaldane
ornithochaeta
Mesnil, 1897
29,52,
71
-
74
-
-
-
-
Petaloproctus terricolus
Quatrefages, 1866
-
-
74
71
43,52,71,
109
-
-
OWENIIDAE
Owenia fusiformis Delle
Chiaje, 1844
28,52,
71,89
-
74
-
-
-
-
Myriochele heeri
Malmgren, 1867
29,71
-
74
-
48,82
48,53
-
SABELLARIIDAE
Sabellaria spinulosa
Leuckart, 1849
-
-
65,67,71
31
43,71
53,80
-
Sabellaria taurica
(Rathke, 1837)
52
-
46,47,52,
74
27,95
19,41,43,
48,49,52,
82,109,
110
48,52
-
STERNASPIDAE
Sternaspis scutata
Ranzani, 1817
28,33,
44,45,
48,52,
71
-
74
71
43,109
48
-
25
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
PECTINARIIDAE
Lagis koreni
Malmgren, 1866
28,71,
106
-
46,48,65,
70,71,73,
74,76,91,
92
27,30,31,
61,95
15,48,49,
71,82,83
48
-
Lagis neapolitana
(Claparède, 1869)
52
-
52,113
102
7,18,19,43
52,78,88,
109-111,
113
52,80
-
Pectinaria belgica
(Pallas, 1766)
-
-
74
-
52,71,110,
111
-
-
AMPHARETIDAE
Amage adspersa
(Grube, 1863)
33
-
-
-
-
-
-
Amphicteis gunneri
(M. Sars, 1835)
52,71,
89
-
74
-
-
-
-
Hypania invalida
(Grube, 1860)
-
-
52,71,73,
74
27,64,71,
81,95
4,71,81,
109-111
-
-
Hypaniola kowalewskii
(Grimm in Annenkova,
1927)
-
-
74
27,30,64,
71,81,95
4,71,81,
109-111
52
-
Melinna palmata
Grube, 1870
28,45,
48,52,
71,106
-
46,48,52,
65,70,71,
74,76,91,
92,105,
113
11,27,30,
31,34,35,
48,71,95,
104,113
7,18,43,44
48,52,57,
59,71,78,
81,88,109-
113
21,52,
53
-
TEREBELLIDAE
Amphitritides gracilis
(Grube, 1860)
28,71
-
74
11
40,41,43,
52,71,88,
109,110
21,48,
52,80
Polycirrus caliendrum
Claparède, 1869
-
-
74
-
40,43,52,
71,109
-
-
Polycirrus haematodes
(Claparède, 1864)
89
-
-
-
-
-
-
Polycirrus jubatus
Bobretzky, 1869
-
-
46,52,70,
71,74,76
11,95
12,52,71,
78,88,109
52
-
Polycirrus pallidus
(Claparède, 1864)
89
-
74
-
15,52,71,
109
-
-
Proclea grafii
(Langerhans, 1884)
28,52,
71
-
74
-
-
-
-
TRICHOBRANCHIDAE
Terebellides stroemii
Sars, 1835
20,28,
33,48,
52,71,
89
-
46,52,65,
71,74,91,
92,113
9,11,27,30
31,35,71,
95,102,
113,114
7,12,18,43
48,52,71,
79,88,109-
111
21,48,
52,53,
80
-
26
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
SABELLIDAE
Amphiglena mediterranea
(Leydig, 1851)
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
Euchone rubrocincta
(Sars, 1862)
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
Fabricia stellaris stellaris
(O. F. Müller, 1774)
52
-
47,52,65,
70,71,73,
74,107
5,29-31,
61,62,71,
93,94, 95,
97,100,
101
43,52,59,
71,109-
111
-
-
Fabricia stellaris adriatica
Banse, 1956
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
Jasmineira caudata
Langerhans, 1880
52,68,
71
-
74
-
-
-
-
Manayunkia caspica
Annenkova, 1928
-
52,74
27,81,95
4,52,71,
109-111
-
-
Megalomma vesiculosum
(Montagu, 1815)
52,71,
89
-
74
-
-
-
-
Amphicorina armandi
(Claparède, 1864)
28,48,
52,71
-
47,52,71,
72,74,76,
113
11,27,35,
71,95,113
48,52,71,
79,88,109,
110,113
48,52,
53
-
Potamilla torelli
(Malmgren, 1866)
52,71,
89
-
74
-
-
-
-
SERPULIDAE
Ditrupa arietina (O. F.
Muller, 1776)
-
-
52,65,71,
74
-
-
-
-
*Ficopomatus enigmaticus
(Fauvel, 1923)
-
-
52,65,69,
71,73,74,
107
29,61,62,
71,87,93,
95
3, 4, 39,
52, 59,109
6, 52,
80
-
Hydroides norvegicus
Gunnerus, 1768
-
-
52,71,74
-
-
-
-
Salmacina incrustans
Claparède, 1870
-
-
74
-
43,52,71,
109
-
-
Serpula vermicularis
Linnaeus, 1767
52,61,
68
86
74
62,95
52
-
-
Spirobranchus triqueter
(Linnaeus, 1758)
45,52,
71,89
-
46-48, 52,
65,70,71,
74,76
27,62,63,
7195,102
7,39,40,43
48,50,52,
71,78,88,
109,111,
113
21,48,
52,53,
80
-
Vermiliopsis infundibulum
(Philippi, 1844)
52
-
52,71,74
27,95
15,39,40,
43,52,71,
109,110
-
-
Vermiliopsis striaticeps
(Grube, 1862)
-
25
-
-
-
-
-
27
Table 1 Continued
P
T
B
Ro
U
Ru
G
SPIRORBIDAE
Janua (Dexiospira)
pagenstecheri
(de Quatrefages, 1865)
52
25
47,52,71,
74
11,27,63,
93-95, 97,
100,102
39,52,71,
109-111
52,80
-
Neodexiospira
pseudocorrugata
(Bush, 1904)
52
-
74
-
52,71,109
-
-
Pileolaria militaris
Claparède, 1870
-
25
47,52,71,
74
27,95
43,52,71,
109-111
52,80
-
POLYGORDIIDAE
Polygordius neapolitanus
Fraipont, 1887
-
-
46,70
95
43,50,78,
109
48
-
Polygordius lacteus
Schneider, 1868
-
-
52,71,74
-
7,52,71,
110
52,53,
77
-
PROTODRILIDAE
Protodrilus flavocapitatus
(Uljanin, 1877)
-
-
52,66,70,
71,72,74
11,27,30,
35,95,102
19,22,43,
49,52,71,
88,109-
112
-
-
Protodrilus mirabilis
Czerniavsky, 1881
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Protodrilus purpureus
(Schneider, 1868)
-
-
74
-
43,52,71,
78,109
77
-
SACCOCIRRIDAE
Saccocirrus papillocercus
Bobretzky, 1872
-
-
52,66,70,
71,74
27,85,95
7,14,19,23
43,44,52,
71,109-
111
77
-
NERILLIDAE
Nerilla antennata O.
Schmidt, 1848
-
-
52,66,70,
71,74
10,35,85,
94,95,100
43,52,71,
109
52,77
23
Nerilla taurica
Skulari, 1997
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
DINOPHILIDAE
Dinophilus gyrociliatus
O.Schmidt, 1857
-
-
52,66,70,
71,74
-
-
77
-
Dinophilus taeniatus
Harmer, 1889
-
-
-
-
77
-
Trilobodrilus heideri
Remane, 1925
-
-
52,66,70,
71,74
-
-
77
-
PARERGODRILIDAE
Stygocapitella subterranea
Knöllner, 1934
-
-
52,68,70,
71,74
-
-
77
-
In the previous attempts to document the polychaete diversity in the Black Sea,
184 species were reported by Marinov (1977), 191 species by Kiseleva (2004)
and 214 species by Surugiu et al. (2010). Twenty-three species reported from
28
the Black Sea coasts are regarded as nomen dubium or indeterminable (Table 2).
A total of 51 species have been synonymized with other species (Table 3).
Table 2. The species considered as nomen dubium or indeterminable in the Black Sea
and their reports from the Black Sea coasts (U= Ukraine, Ru= Russia, G= Georgia).
U
Ru
G
POLYNOIDAE
Eunoe mammiloba Czerniavsky, 1882
24
-
-
Hermadion truncata (Moore, 1902)
24
-
-
Paranychia taurica Czerniavsky, 1882
24
-
-
PHYLLODOCIDAE
Carobia lanceoligera Czerniavsky, 1882
24
-
24
Carobia tuberculata jaltensis Czerniavsky, 1882
24
-
-
Carobia tuberculata kerczensis Czerniavsky, 1882
24
-
-
Carobia tuberculata suchumica Czerniavsky, 1882
-
-
24
Carobia tuberculata typica Czerniavsky, 1882
24
-
-
Eracia virens pontica Czerniavsky, 1882
24
-
24
Eracia virens sevastopolica Czerniavsky, 1882
24
-
-
Eracia virens suchumica Czerniavsky, 1882
-
-
24
HESIONIDAE
Parapodarke lubrica Czerniavsky, 1882
24
-
-
SYLLIDAE
Brania atokalis (Czerniavsky, 1881)
-
23
-
Haplosyllis oligochaeta pontica Czerniavsky, 1881
23
-
-
Langerhansia valida (Czerniavsky, 1881)
-
-
23
Pionosyllis suchumica Czerniavsky, 1881
-
-
23
Syllis biocula (Czerniavsky, 1881)
-
23
-
Syllis pontica (Czerniavsky, 1881)
23
-
-
NEREIDIDAE
Heteronereis crenaticirris Bobretzky, 1868
12
-
-
Nereis bipartita (Bobretzky, 1868)
12
-
-
GLYCERIDAE
Glycera taurica Czerniavsky, 1881
23
-
-
GONIADIDAE
Goniada euxina Jakubova, 1930
43,71,109
-
-
CIRRATULIDAE
Cirrhineris (Paracirrineris) pulchra Czerniavsky, 1881
-
-
23
29
Table 3. A list of synonymised species in the Black Sea and their valid names.
Cited Names
Valid Names
Harmothoe reticulata (Claparède, 1870)
Harmothoe impar (Johnston, 1839)
Polynoe incerta Bobretzky, 1881
Harmothoe imbricata (Linnaeus, 1767)
Pholoe synophthalmica Claparède, 1868
Pholoe inornata Johnston, 1839
Eulalia limbata Claparède, 1868
Pterocirrus limbatus (Claparède, 1868)
Eulalia pallida sevastopolica
Czerniavsky, 1882
Eumida sanguinea (Örsted, 1843)
Eulalia pallida suchumica
Czerniavsky, 1882
Eumida sanguinea (Örsted, 1843)
Eulalia viridis ornata McIntosh, 1908
Eulalia viridis (Linnaeus, 1767)
Phyllodoce nana Saint-Joseph, 1906
Nereiphylla pusilla (Claparède, 1870)
Phyllodoce tuberculata Bobretzky, 1868
Nereiphylla rubiginosa (Saint-Joseph,1888)
Pterocirrus macroceros pontica
Czerniavsky, 1882
Pterocirrus macroceros (Grube, 1860)
Hesione pantherina (Risso, 1826)
Hesione splendida Lamarck, 1818
Exogone clavigera (Claparède, 1868)
Exogone naidina Örsted, 1845
Exogone gemmifera (Pagenstecher,1862)
Exogone naidina Örsted, 1845
Langerhansia valida paucisetosa
(Czerniavsky, 1881)
Langerhansia valida (Czerniavsky, 1881)
Paedophylax levis Bobretzky, 1870
Exogone naidina Örsted, 1845
Syllis hamata Claparède, 1868
Haplosyllis spongicola (Grube, 1855)
Syllis oligochaeta Bobretzky, 1870
Haplosyllis spongicola (Grube, 1855)
Syllis mixtosetosa Bobretzky, 1870
Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840
Syllis nigrans Bobretzky, 1870
Syllis prolifera Krohn, 1852
Syllis velox Bobrezky, 1870
Syllis hyalina Grube, 1863
Nephtys cirrosa longicornis
Jakubova, 1930
Nephtys cirrosa (Ehlers, 1868)
Ephesia peripatus (Claparède, 1863)
Ephesiella abyssorum (Hansen, 1878)
Glycera convoluta Keferstein, 1862
Glycera tridactyla Schmarda, 1861
Glycera gigantea Quatrefages, 1866
Glycera fallax Quatrefages, 1850
Glycera rouxii Audouin & Milne
Edwards, 1833
Glycera unicornis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818
Glycera minuta (Bobretzy, 1870)
Glycera alba (O. F. Muller, 1776)
G. minuta sevastopolica Czerniavsky,
1881
Glycera alba (O. F. Muller, 1776)
G. minuta suchumica Czerniavsky, 1881
Glycera alba (O. F. Muller, 1776)
Rhynchobolus minutus Bobretzky, 1870
Glycera alba (O. F. Muller, 1776)
Aonides ornatus Perejaslavzeva, 1891
Aonides paucibranchiata Southern, 1914
Nerine cirratulus (Delle Chiaje, 1831)
Scolelepis squamata (O. F. Müller, 1806)
Polydora ciliata limicola
Annenkova, 1934
Polydora limicola Annenkova, 1934
Prionospio malmgreni Claparède, 1869
Prionospio fallax Söderström, 1920
Aricidea jeffreysii (McIntosh, 1879)
Aricidea cerruti Laubier, 1966
30
Table 3 Continued
Cited Names
Valid Names
Magelona papillicornis Müller, 1858
Magelona mirabilis (Johnston, 1865)
Cirratulus cincinnatus Bobretzky, 1870
Cirriformia filigera (Delle Chiaje, 1828)
Cirratulus viridis Langerhans, 1881
Caulleriella bioculata (Keferstein, 1862)
Ophelia taurica Bobretzky, 1881
Ophelia limacina (Rathke, 1843)
Capitella intermedia Czerniavsky, 1881
Capitella capitata capitata (Fabricius, 1780)
Arenicola cyanea Czerniavsky, 1881
Arenicolides branchialis (Audouin & Milne
Edwards, 1833)
Arenicola dioscurica Czerniavsky, 1881
Arenicolides branchialis (Audouin & Milne
Edwards, 1833)
Arenicola bobretzkii Czerniavsky, 1881
Arenicolides branchialis (Audouin & Milne
Edwards, 1833)
Leiochone clypeata Saint-Joseph, 1894
Leiochone leiopygos (Grube, 1860)
Terebellides carnea Bobretzky, 1868
Terebellides stroemii Sars, 1835
Fabricia sabella (Ehrenberg, 1836)
Fabricia stellaris stellaris (O. F. Müller,
1774)
Manayunkia caspica danubialis Bacescu
in Dumitrescu, 1957
Manayunkia caspica Annenkova, 1928
Janua (Dexiospira) pusilloides (Bush,
1905)
Janua (Dexiospira) pagenstecheri
(Quatrefages, 1865)
Spirorbis pusilla Rathke, 1837
Janua (Dexiospira) pagenstecheri
(Quatrefages, 1865)
Polygordius ponticus Salensky, 1907
Polygordius lacteus Schneider, 1868
Nerilla rotifera suchumica (Czerniavsky,
1881)
Nerilla antennata O. Schmidt, 1848
The occurrences of some species in the Black Sea such as Eulalia viridis,
Xenosyllides violacea, Protoaricia capsulifera, Malacoceros ciliatus, Polydora
ciliata; Polydora limicola, Prionospio multibranchiata, Streblospio benedicti,
Paradoneis harpagonea, Arenicolides ecaudata, Euchone rubrocincta and
Potamilla torelli seem to be questionable and require confirmations. For
example, the specimens previously identified as P. multibranchiata from the
Aegean and Mediterranean coasts turned to be P. maciolekae (Dagli and Cinar
2011). The re-examination of the specimens previously identified as P. ciliata in
the polluted soft substratum in the Aegean Sea and Sea of Marmara revealed
that they in fact belonged to the alien species P. cornuta (Cinar et al. 2005a).
The molecular and morphological analyses proved that E. viridis and E.
clavigera, which were previously considered as identical, were distinct species
(Bonse et al. 2006). Çinar and Gönlügür-Demirci (2005) identified the
specimens of Eulalia collected along the Sinop Peninsula (Black Sea) as E.
clavigera.
31
Polychaete families
The most speciose families in the Black Sea are shown in Figure 1. Syllidae and
Spionidae are the most dominant families in terms of the number of species
(respectively, 32 and 31 species), followed by Phyllodocidae (7%, 16 species),
Nereididae (6%, 15 species), Nephtyidae (4%, 9 species) and Sabellidae (4%, 9
species). Thirteen families (Sigalionidae, Chrysopetalidae, Pisionidae,
Amphinomidae, Pilargidae, Goniadidae, Arabellidae, Ctenodrilidae,
Flabelligeridae, Sternaspidae, Trichobranchidae, Saccocirridae and
Parergodrilidae) are represented by only one species (Table 1).
Figure 1. Relative percentages of the families according to the number of
species.
The polychaete families represented by the high number of species along the
Black Sea countries were Syllidae, Spionidae, Phyllodocidae and Nereididae
(Figure 2). However, Spionidae (22%), Nephthyidae (14%), Capitellidae (12%)
and Maldanidae (12%) were the most speciose families in the Prebosphoric
region, which is greatly influenced by the Mediterranean bottom current and
thus had relatively high saline waters in deep waters (3638‰). The species that
were only reported from the Prebosphoric region include Hesione splendida,
Streptosyllis bidentata, Inermonephthys inermis, Paradoneis lyra,
Protocirrineris chrysoderma, Amage adspersa and Polycirrus haematodes.
Number of species along the Black Sea coasts
The highest number of polychaete species were encountered on the coasts of
Bulgaria (192 species) and Ukrania (161 species) (Figure 3). On the coast of
Turkey, a total of 53 species were found. When the polychaete species found in
the Prebosphoric region are taken into account, the number of polychaete
32
species known from the Turkish coast increases to 135 species. As a limited
effort on documenting the polychaete diversity along the coast of Georgia has
been made up to date, only 12 species were known from the area.
Figure 2. The polychaete families represented by the high number of species along the
coasts of the Black Sea.
Habitat and depth preferences of the Black Sea polychaetes
The Black Sea benthic habitats from where polychaete species were reported
can be classified into 7 categories: mud (or sandy mud), sand (or sandy mud),
hard substrata (rocks and artificial structures), algae (mostly Cystoseira spp. and
Ulva rigida), phanerogames (Zostera spp.), sponge (sponge species not
indicated in papers) and mussel beds (mostly Mytilus galloprovincialis). The
highest number of species were found in the soft substrata. Sandy bottom
comprised the half of the total number of polychaete species (Figure 4). Ninty-
two species were determined on the mussel beds. The lowest number of species
were reported on phanerogames (Zostera marina and Z. noltii) and sponges
(Figure 4).
33
Figure 3. The number of polychaete species reported from the coasts of the Black Sea
countries (including Prebosphoric region) and the number of papers published about
polychaetes in each area.
Figure 4. The number of polychaete species found in the Black Sea habitats.
Relative dominances of the polychaete families in habitats are shown in Figure
5. Sandy susbtratum had the majority of families known in the Black Sea (36
families, 80% of total number of families) and Spionidae ranked first in this
habitat in terms of the number of species (17 species), followed by Syllidae (13
species), Phyllodocidae (9 Species) and Nereididae (9 Species). The relative
34
dominances of families change according to the habitats: Spionidae and Syllidae
are dominant in soft substrata (sand and mud); Syllidae and Spionidae are
dominant in hard substrata; Syllidae and Nereididae are dominant in algae; and
Phyllodocidae and Nereididae are dominant in phanerogames, sponges and
mussel beds.
The majority of the Black Sea polychaetes were determined in the shallow-
water benthic habitats (0-25 m depth) (Figure 6). Increasing depth decreases the
number of polychaete species. After 150 m depth, no polychaete species was
reported from the Black Sea, with an expection of Inermonepthys inermis that
was found at 480 m depth in the Prebosphoric region by Gillet and Unsal
(2002).
Zoogeographic accounts of the Black Sea polychaetes
There are two polychaete species endemic to the Black Sea: Xenosyllides
violacea and Vigtorniella zaikai. The former species was only reported from the
Bulgarian (Marinov, 1977) and Ukranian (Bay of Sevastopol) coasts (Jakubova
1930; Marinov 1964; Vinogradov 1949; Kiseleva 2004). As detailed description
of this species (and genus in general) and the type materials are not present, it is
very difficult at this stage if this species is valid or not. Vigtorniella zaikai was
reported from oxic-anoxic layers of the Bulgarian (Vorobyova and Bondarenko
2009) and Ukranian (Kiseleva 1992b; Murina 1997; Stutterer et al. 2009) coasts.
The ponto-caspian relicts of the Black Sea include the species Hypania invalida,
Hypaniola kowalewskii and Manayunkia caspica. They inhabit benthic habitats
in waters with reduced salinities such as river estuaries or coastal lagoons.
The majority of the polychaetes living in the Black Sea were originated from
Atlanto-Mediterranean areas. These species colonize the Black Sea habitats after
the opening of the Bosphorus Strait in Holocene (7.5 Ka BP) (Gorur et al. 1997;
Oguz and Ozturk 2011).
Alien polychaete species in the Black Sea
The alien polychaete species that have been reported from the Black Sea coasts
till now are Hesionides arenaria, Streptosyllis varians, Glycera capitata,
Nephtys ciliata, Polydora cornuta, Prionospio pulchra, Streblospio
gynobranchiata, Capitellethus dispar and Ficopomatus enigmaticus. However,
Sigambra tentaculata, Streblospio shrubsolii and Magelona mirabilis were also
considered as alien polychaete species in the Black Sea (see Gomoiu et al.
2002). These species were thought to have been introduced from the North
Atlantic (S. tentaculata and S. shrubsolii) and Mediterranean (M. mirabilis) to
the Black Sea by ballast waters of ships in the 1950s, but their distributional
features indicate that they could not be alien species.
35
Figure 5. Relative dominances of the polychaete families in the Black Sea habitats (MD:
Mud, SA: Sand, HS: Hard substratum, AL: Alga, PH: Phanerogame, SP: Sponge, MU:
Mussel bed).
36
For example, Sigambra tentaculata occurs abundantly on muddy substratum in
the Aegean Sea (Cinar et al. 2006) and the Sea of Marmara (Cinar et al. 2011),
and therefore it could have been established in the Black Sea due to the ongoing
Mediterranization process (Oguz and Ozturk 2011). Magelona mirabilis was
previously cited as M. papillicornis in the Black Sea. Streblospio shrubsolii is a
common species in estuarine areas of the Mediterranean Sea (Ergen et al. 2002;
Kevrekidis 2005). The alien species S. varians, N. ciliata, G. capitata and
C.dispar should be classified as questionable as their occurrences in the region
need to be verified. Cinar (2010) also considered the report of C. dispar in the
Sea of Marmara as questionable. Among the alien species, P. cornuta, S.
gynobranchiata and F. enigmaticus are known to form dense populations in the
recipient areas (Cinar et al. 2005b, 2011). Ficopomatus enigmaticus takes an
important part in the fouling phenomenon in harbors and estuarine areas,
causing economic problems for many establishments (Read and Gordon 1991).
The established alien species were introduced to the Black Sea via shipping. The
donor area for the introduction of the species seems to be the north Atlantic,
except for F. enigmaticus (probably Indo-Pacific region).
Figure 6. The number of polychaete species found in depth intervals in the Black Sea.
Conclusion
This review study indicates that the eastern and southern parts of the Black Sea
have been poorly investigated and therefore the polychaete diversity in the
Black Sea is still underestimated. The polychaete studies were mainly
concentrated on the coasts of the Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine. The
Prebosphoric region that is considered as a special subunit of the Black Sea
37
should be studied in detail as it acts as an acclimatization area for the
Mediterranean species.
Karadeniz poliket türlerinin (Annelida: Polychaeta) kontrol
listesi
Özet
Karadeniz poliketleri mevcut literatürlere dayanılarak derlenmiştir. lgeden rapor
edilen geçerli, değiştirilmiş ve şüpheli (nomen dubium ve tanımlanamayan türler) türlerin
listeleri verilmiştir. Kontrol listesi 45 familyaya ait 238 geçerli türü içermektedir. 8
familyaya ait 23 tür nomen dubium veya tanımlanamayan r olarak
nıflandırılmıştır.1868 ve 2011 yılları arasında Karadeniz’den rapor edilen 51 r der
türlerin sinonimi olmuştur. Karadeniz sır ülkeleri arasında Bulgaristan kıyıları en
ksek tür sayısı (192 tür) temsil edilirken, Ukrayna (161 tür) ve Romanya (115 r)
yıla bunu izlemektedir. En yüksek tür sayısı (119 r) kumlu substratumda, en düşük
tür sayısı (7 tür) ise süngerlerin üzerinde bulunmuştur. Günümüze kadar Karadeniz’den 9
yabancı poliket türü (Hesionides arenaria, Streptosyllis varians, Glycera capitata,
Nephtys ciliata, Polydora cornuta, Prionospio pulchra, Streblospio gynobranchiata,
Capitellethus dispar ve Ficopomatus enigmaticus) rapor edilmiştir. lgedeki tür sayısı
bakından en baskın familyalar Syllidae (32 tür), Spionidae (31 tür), Phyllodocidae (16
tür) ve Nereididae (15 tür)’dir. Bu çalışma, bölgeden rapor edilen türleri tam olarak
gözden geçirerek, Karadeniz poliket faunasının çeşitliliği hakkındaki bilgilerimizi
özetmekte ve gelecekteki çalışmalar için bir veri tabanı oluşturmaktadır.
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Alexandrov, B., Berlinsky, N. (2005) Introduced species in the Black Sea: the
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